explosive

turn a missile into an explosive “storm” in full descent

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In the most advanced missile defense systems, each interception can cost millions of dollars and requires seconds of decision perfectly coordinated. It turns out that these systems were designed under a key assumption: that each threat would be identifiable, unique and treatable as a single objective. Iran has found a “hole.” Multiply a missile. In the last weeks of war, Iran has found a gap in the “millionaire” shield of Israel: convert a missile into everything a “rain” of threats in the middle of the descent, in a matter of seconds and just at the moment when the defensive systems have less room to react. The key is not to launch more missiles, but to change their nature at the critical moment, transforming a single interceptable target in dozens of submunitions that fall at high speed over large areas. It is a subtle but decisive change, because it breaks the logic on which anti-missile defenses are designed: detect, track and destroy a single target before impact. The “rain” that overflows the system. The analysts counted in The Guardian that Iranian cluster warheads release between several dozen and up to nearly a hundred submunitions at high altitude, dispersing them over areas that can span dozens of kilometers. At that point, the system stops dealing with a missile and starts dealing with multiple simultaneous threatsFurthermore, each one with a different trajectory and impact point. The result is an instant saturation where what was a controllable problem becomes a chaotic scenario where the defense must decide in seconds. what to intercept and what notknowing that it can’t cover everything. Chart providing an overview of the typical trajectory of a ballistic missile compared to other missiles and hypersonic boosted glide models The structural failure. The success of this tactic lies in exploiting a fundamental limitation: the systems like David’s Sling or even the iron dome They are optimized to intercept before dispersal, not after. If the missile is not destroyed in high phases (especially in the middle phase outside the atmosphere), the window of opportunity closes quickly. Once the submunitions are released, intercepting them individually is, in practice, unfeasible even for the world’s most advanced defensive networks. The invisible cost. Beyond the physical impact, the Iranian strategy introduces a problem economic and logistic. Intercepting a missile is already very costly, and trying to neutralize dozens of submunitions it is much moreto the point that the exchange stops making sense for the defender. Each attack requires interceptors to be expended expensive and limited against much cheaper threats, progressively eroding arsenals. Thus, even when most attacks are intercepted, the simple act of forcing defense already fulfills a strategic objective. Less missiles, more effect. Paradoxically, Iran does not need to launch large salvos to maintain the pressure. The reason: its current doctrine aims to combine moderate volumes with amplified effects, relying on hard-to-locate mobile launchers and a decentralized command structure designed to survive intensive bombing. This allows you to sustain constant attacks, even if they are few, but with the ability to impact specific objectives and keep Israeli defenses active continuously, forcing them to react again and again. A preview of the war to come. As we have been seeing in Ukraine and since the beginning of the war in the Middle East, what is happening with Iran’s missiles It is not just a tactical adaptation, but a preview of how can they evolve high intensity conflicts. Turn a single system into multiple threats, saturate advanced defenses and wear down the adversary without need for numerical superiority redefines the balance between attack and defense. And if this logic is extended (and everything indicates that other actors are watching it closely), current anti-missile systems could face a challenge for which they were not designed: not stopping missiles, but stopping real storms of explosives. Image | Yoav Keren In Xataka | The US is going to end its war in the Middle East with a very uncomfortable reality: Iran had years of advantage underground In Xataka | If the question is “how close are we to an escalation in Iran,” the answer is US A-10s flying there

To rescue the pilot lost in Iran, the US has told a story worthy of Spielberg. Some explosive images tell a very different story

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In military manuals, rescue missions in enemy territory are as rare as they are dangerous: In decades of modern conflicts, only a few have been successfully completed without becoming a complete disaster. Some have marked history for their failuresothers for their execution to the limit, but most share something in common: the margin of error It is practically non-existent. Two stories for the same mission. When explaining the rescue mission of an American pilot on Iranian territory, Washington has told a story that Spielberg himself would sign: a wounded airman, alone and hiding in a mountain crevice, resisting for almost two days while the enemy searches for him and an elite force that bursts in between explosions to get him out alive. Of course, there is another version that is not narrated by American communiqués, but by some explosive images launched from the Iranian side: destroyed aircraft, improvisation on the ground and an operation that, although successful in its end, seems much more chaotic than what was intended to be conveyed. Between the two, a story full of chiaroscuros is built where epic and uncertainty coexist. The demolition and the race against time. lThe story started several days ago with the downing of an F-15E in Iranian territory, an already exceptional fact as it was the first American fighter lost in combat in years. The two crew members eject, but only the pilot is quickly rescued, while the weapons systems officer is isolated in a hostile mountainous area. From there a race against time: The wounded airman climbs a ridge, hides in a crevice and emits intermittent signals so as not to give away their position, while Iranian forces, militias and even civilians motivated by rewards search the area. For hours, not even Washington is clear if he is still alive. The perfect official version. The American narrative presents the mission as an impeccable display of power and coordination, with special forces, bombers, drones and massive air cover executing one of the most complex rescue operations in its history. There is talk of surgical precision, absolute control of airspace and clean extraction no American casualtiesculminated with a triumphalist message that elevates the operation to a symbol of military superiority. The CIA involvement adds an almost cinematic component, with an apparent deception campaign that confuses the Iranian forces as they locate the pilot “like a needle in a haystack.” A US Army AH-6 Little Bird helicopter The “other” details. However, upon delving into all the data that has been appearing, important cracks appear in the story. The first rescue attempt fails under enemy fireseveral helicopters are damaged and at least one A-10 falls during the operation, which already calls into question the idea of ​​total control. It happens that the final extraction is not goes as planned. How much? Apparently, two special operations planes were trapped on the ground after their wheels sank on a makeshift runway, forcing emergency reinforcements to be sent and, attention, to destroy them later to prevent them from falling into Iranian hands. The images of the place They show charred remains of aircraft and helicopters, evidencing a much more eventful and risky operation than the official story suggests. The ambiguity of combat. Because another key point is the nature of the confrontation. While some versions speak of a “mass shooting”other more detailed sources indicate that there was no direct combat sustained on the ground, but rather air strikes against approaching Iranian forces. This difference is neither trivial nor minor, because it actually transforms a narrative of heroic confrontation in a very different where technological and aerial superiority was the truly decisive factor, reducing the drama of hand-to-hand combat, but increasing the feeling of distance between what was told and what happened. Propaganda, perception and war of stories. If you like, everything indicates that the rescue was not only a simple military operation, but a narrative battle in the middle of war. From the sidewalk in Washington, the story became a kind of “Easter miracle” useful for bolstering domestic support and projecting strength. However, from the sidewalk of Tehran, the simple fact of having shot down the plane It already served as proof that he could challenge the United States. In that context, every detail counts the same that every omissionbecause control of the story is almost as important as the tactical result. Success with many shadows. The pilot seems to have been finally rescued and that, in military terms, marks the success of the operation. However, the path to achieve it reveals something more complex: a mission on the edge, with failures, improvisation, extreme risks and decisions made on the fly that contradict the image of perfect execution. Perhaps for this reason, between the story that seems written for the cinema and the one revealed by the smoking remains on the ground, it remains a conclusion most uncomfortable: even the most successful operations can hide a reality much more fragile than one wants to admit. Image | US MARINE In Xataka | The US is going to end its war in the Middle East with a very uncomfortable reality: Iran had years of advantage underground In Xataka | If the question is “how close are we to an escalation in Iran,” the answer is US A-10s flying there

The US has sent Iran 15 points to end the war. He has also sent a plan B as explosive as it is disconcerting through the air

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In the Cold War, the United States and the Soviet Union held open negotiations while, at the same time, deploying thousands of troops and nuclear weapons in key points of the planet. In reality, that logic of talking and putting pressure at the same time has never disappeared and continues to be one of the most recognizable constants of modern conflicts. The 15 points. First the official route. The United States has sent Iran a 15 point plan to try to end the war, using Pakistan as an intermediary and with the intention of stopping a conflict that already affects energy markets and regional stability. The document addresses key issues like the nuclear programballistic missiles and maritime security in the Strait of Hormuz. However, it is not clear whether Iran has even agreed to discuss it or whether Israel endorses the content. Furthermore, much of the plan appears to be based in previous proposals which have already been rejected, which casts serious doubt on their real viability. Diplomacy does not stop war. Although Washington presents the plan as a way out, the reality on the ground is very different. military operations have continued without pause within that campaign named after a Michael Bay movie, Epic Fury. In fact, the United States and Israel have continued attacking infrastructure Iranian military while Iran maintains the launch of missiles and pressure on maritime traffic. The White House itself has made it clear that the negotiations they do not replace to military objectives. In other words, the situation generates a scenario in which diplomacy advances in parallel with an escalation that does not stop. F 35c The ground deployment. At the same time that there is talk of agreements, the United States continues sending and increasing its military presence in the region. There are already nearly 7,000 new troops sent in a few days, including units of the 82nd Airborne Division and marines prepared for rapid operations. So that? In theory, these forces can act in specific scenarios such as the capture of strategic points or the reopening of maritime routes in Hormuz. There is no doubt, its deployment does not respond to a withdrawal, but to the expansion of military options available if the negotiation fails. Advanced capabilities by air. The reinforcement is not limited to ground troops. New fighter planes have also appeared like the F-35Cunits that are being deployed to the area of ​​operations, adding to an already very large air force. These systems provide precision strike, close support and air superiority capabilities. Not only that. Movements of other assets such as airplanes have also been detected special operations and deception systems against anti-aircraft defenses. In short, everything points to preparation for more complex scenarios that a simple containment. If the 15-point plan does not work, plan B is ready to act. The strange B2s of plan B. In this context, the B-2 bomberswhich are operating from US territory and have appeared with some visible modifications on its wings that have not been explained by military sources. They counted the TWZ analysts that these changes could be related to sensors, electronic warfare or improvements in its survivability, but there is no official confirmation. Your role, as almost alwaysseems key for Washington because they are the only ones capable of attacking highly protected targets long distance. Its presence, along with these modifications, reinforces the idea that the United States is preparing specific capabilities for more demanding phases of the conflict. A plan that does not resemble a negotiation. The combination of all these movements paints a fairly clear scenario. While presenting a peace proposal publicly, a military architecture is deployed at the same time increasingly widerwith units like those B2 with additions that had rarely been seen in other conflicts. A troop contingentfighters, strategic bombers and naval reinforcements accumulating in the region, suggesting that Washington is not betting solely on a negotiated solution. Rather, an alternative is being prepared in which military pressure increases if talks do not progress. A disconcerting war. In recent months we have seen scenes of soldiers controlling machine guns mounted on drones with devices like a Steam Deckremote operations that seemed to mark the definitive course of modern warfare. It has been spoken artificial intelligenceof drone swarms and remote combat as the new standard. However, in parallel, the United States is preparing to send thousands of paratroopers (around 3,000), a capability designed in the 20th century to take key positions quickly. The image is difficult to fit because of its anachronism. While one part of the conflict aims at total automation, another recovers classic forms of massive troop deployment. This coexistence is not an anomaly, it is the sign that the current war does not replace what came before, or not at all, but rather accumulates it. Two open roads. The result of all this is a strategy that advances in parallel. On the one hand, an attempt to reach an agreement with multiple conditions extremely difficult for Iran to accept. On the other hand, a deployment which allows the war to be rapidly escalated if necessary. The key at this time and in the coming days will be whether one of these paths prevails over the other. Because, for now, the United States has sent two diametrically different messages at the same time, and both they are still active. Image | USAF, US Army In Xataka | Drones and ballistic missiles have revolutionized warfare. Iran suspects there is another weapon: rain theft In Xataka | There are four days left for the US to make a momentous decision: whether it wants to turn Iran into its own Ukraine

If the US attacks Iran with drones, it will be in for a surprise. Russia shielded its sky with an explosive weapon: Verba

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It we count last week. In the Middle East, crises rarely erupt overnight. First pieces move away from the spotlight, discreet commitments are signed and deployments multiply that seem routine. Only later, when everything falls into place, do you understand that the board had been preparing for something bigger for weeks. Now we know that Washington has not been the only one that has prepared. Agreement sealed in the shadows. counted this morning in an exclusive the financial times that Iran and Russia signed a secret contract of almost 500 million euros for delivery of 500 lVerba portable spears and 2,500 9M336 missiles. It would be Tehran’s most significant move to rebuild air defenses devastated after the 12 day war against Israel. The Iranian request came just days after its integrated network was seriously degraded by Israeli and American attacks, which allowed enemy aircraft to operate with superiority over large areas of the country. The agreement provides deliveries until 2029although the media explained that there are indications of early shipments, and it is complemented with night vision devices and other equipment that points to a phased but urgent reconstruction. What are Verba and why do they matter. The Verba system is a portable guided missile infrared designed to shoot down drones, cruise missiles and low-level aircraft such as helicopters, operated by small mobile teams that can deploy dispersed defenses without depending on fixed radars vulnerable to bombing. These are not heavy strategic systems like lthe S-300 or S-400but rather a flexible tactical layer that complicates helicopter operations and low-level flights. Its adoption is rapid, requires less integration and allows Iran to reinforce critical points at a relatively acceptable cost for Moscow, which can supply them without weakening substantially its own defense against Ukraine. Verba missile carrier A military alliance despite sanctions. Apparently the contract was negotiated between Rosoboronexport and the Iranian Ministry of Defense, with intermediaries already sanctioned by Washington, in a context of growing cooperation that includes Iranian drones employed by Russia in Ukraine and a bilateral treaty signed in 2025. Moscow thus demonstrates that it has no intention of abiding by Western sanctions or the arms embargo reactivated by European powers, while Tehran tries rebuild the relationship following the perception that Russia did not come to their aid during the latest conflict with Israel. The flow of cargo flights and the reception of attack helicopters Mi-28 reinforce the image of a active and sustained military association. The largest deployment since 2003. It we count last week. The agreement emerges in parallel to a massive accumulation of American air and naval power in the Middle East, with dozens of F-35, F-15 and A-10 fighters deployed at bases such as Muwaffaq Salti in Jordan and Prince Sultan in Saudi Arabia, in addition to two aircraft carrier groups led by the USS Abraham Lincoln and the USS Gerald R. Ford. In total, about 40,000 troops and a fleet comparable to the one before the 2003 invasion of Iraq support Donald Trump’s threats to impose a nuclear ultimatum on Tehran. Iran, for its part, warns that it would respond by attacking US bases in the region if hit. A reinforcement that changes the risk calculation. The new systems They will not turn Iran into a conventional rival comparable to the United States or Israel, of course, nor will they prevent sustained air campaigns if these are executed with technological superiority. However, they can raise cost and risk of specific operations, especially helicopter raids or low-altitude attacks, and prolong a possible conflict by making initial phases of aerial suppression difficult. In an environment where each shootdown would have a disproportionate political and strategic impact, the mere presence of hundreds of mobile launchers introduces a tactical deterrence variable. A preparation race. What does seem quite clear is that the combination Iranian rearmament and American deployment draws a scenario of maximum tension in which diplomacy and force advance in parallel. Tehran seeks to buy time, rebuild defensive layers and negotiate from a less vulnerable position. Washington tries to pressure with a demonstration of power without recent precedents in the region. What happens in the coming weeks will not only determine whether there is an attack or an agreement, but also whether the Russian-Iranian alliance is consolidated as a military axis capable of openly challenging the sanctions regime and reconfiguring the strategic balance of the Middle East. Image | ТАСС In Xataka | It is so small that it can barely be seen from space, but this secret island is the main problem for the US to attack Iran In Xataka | If the most advanced US nuclear aircraft carrier maintains its speed it will reach its destination on Sunday: a bad omen for Iran

Ukraine’s latest tactic is an explosive turn for the war. It’s called “letting in,” and the Russians are falling into the trap.

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Since the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, the front has been mutating with all kinds of tactics who sought to wear down the enemy. The arrival of drones everything has changedbut the strategies and ingenuity In the use of artillery they have remained a fundamental asset for the advance or defense of the front. For this reason, Ukraine’s latest strategy has disconcerted the Russians. When they reach the bunkers there is no one, and then the surprise comes. Win by letting in. Ukraine is applying a more flexible and lethal defense consisting in “pre-register” their artillery on their own front-line positions, so that when the Russians assault and capture them, they literally enter an already calibrated point to be destroyed: the fort falls, the enemy concentrates, and then comes the massive punishment that turns Russian success into a death trap. After that blow, a Ukrainian assault branch recover the points again devastated, closing a cycle that maximizes ranged damage and reduces the exposure of own infantry, something key in a context of growing shortage of trained soldiers. This logic, denounced even by pro-Russian voices as the strategy of “letting in” is actually a way of imposing the pace: it is not about always preventing them from advancing, but about making each advance expensive, slow and bloody. The “death zone” as doctrine. The tactic works because the battlefield has become in a “kill zone” permanent where the defender attempts to maintain a deadly gap between the leading edge and the rear: artillery is placed further back, out of the usual range of rival drones, and forward positions are fortified to attract attackswaiting for the enemy to enter to destroy them right there with fire and drones. The drone operators They not only strike at the front, they also hunt for supply and reinforcement routes, and any activity near “newly taken” positions becomes visible and attackable. Added to this is the constant mining (including remote) and the use of “ambushers” in the few possible logistical axes, so that the attacker not only pays to capture, but also pays twice as much to try to consolidate. The “let in” tactic after pre-registering a position The decisive blow. The most surprising point about this approach is that the defender does not seek so much to “hold every meter” as to prevent the attacker deploy your second step– When the advancing force attempts to bring in specialized reinforcements (e.g. drone operators to hold the ground), the defender launches fast local offensiveseven if they cost material, to keep the death zone intact and keep the enemy trapped in a space where they cannot settle. Thus, the advance exists on paper or in the drone image, but it becomes tactically sterile: you capture something and, before transforming it into a usable position, it becomes a slaughterhouse, like is described in sectors like Kupiansk. It is a war where “letting in” is not an extra: it is the moment in which the enemy advance stops being progress and becomes a loss. The psychological and moral consequence. These types of dynamics are eroding the offensive will because it forces us to choose between kilometers and livesespecially the “faces” of competent soldiers who know how to move in that death zone: It’s not just that advancement costs, it’s that it costs exactly the most valuable thing. From this arises a dilemma on the front itself: advancing in a big way without preparation means burn trained unitsbut advancing “minimally” or little to be able to report presence saves resources… at the cost of generating absurd situations where you can no longer request fire on positions that officially “they are yours”although in reality they are being crushed or disputed. In this framework, the information war of territorial control is mixed with real survival, and “progress” becomes a very diffuse decision. The technological revolution to the rescue. we have been counting. The bottom line is that Ukraine is at the center of a military transformation: soldiers are the most expensive and difficult resource to replace, while unmanned systems have passed to dominate the combatexpanding on an industrial scale, lowering costs and multiplying impact. The front is increasingly managed from the rear or bunkers with operators controlling the space, and attempts at “classic” breaches become almost suicidal: the key is no longer to launch columns, but to disperse, camouflage and gradually push the death zone back. As the war evolves into swarms, AI coordination and persistent attacks, the advantage is not having the most expensive weapon, but having thousands of cheap weaponsreliable communications networks and the ability to update systems non-stop. The coming war. Thus, the strategic decision moves to logistics and industry: cut off land routes, protect supplies, attack factorieslogistics centers and hidden commands, and do so with reusable media and unmanned is increasingly determining. Victories depend on producing drones en massesecure components, sustain communications Starlink type and dominate the cybernetic layer that can blind, uncoordinate or paralyze an entire front. That is why the strategy to “let in” It does not seem like an isolated trick, but rather a direct consequence of the new battlefield: if the first to enter dies, the one who waits and finishes with precision (with drones, mines, artillery and digital coordination) keeps the initiative even if it seems that is receding. Image | US Army Europe In Xataka | The video of the Russian soldier in Ukraine who ignores the bomb that just exploded on him has only two explanations. And one is science fiction In Xataka | The war in Ukraine has a new level of brutality. Russia calls it a “can opener” and turns recruits into detonators

A trough "anomally intense" and a Mediterranean to red live: the explosive cocktail that arrives in Catalonia and Valencia

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This week time offers us a breathing of the scorching heat we have had to face during the first half of the summer, but this truce brings, again, an important risk of storms. In the center of this new stormy episode is, once again, the Mediterranean coast. Storms come back. The arrival of a new trough has put on alert To many meteorologists. The reason is in the possibility that its arrival unravels important storms in the Mediterranean basin, storms that could bring with them the arrival of hail and risk of flooding in some areas where it is expected to fall 30 mm in a matter of one hour. The polar jet and a very hot Mediterranean. The main cause of the storms would be the arrival of the trough driven by a polar jet especially wavy during these days. These undulations would bring with them a mass of cold air in height, which when reaching the Mediterranean basin will interact with the warm air of the region, facilitating the appearance of convective clouds, according to Experts explain. The worrying thing about the situation lies in the combination of two circumstances. On the one hand, we find a trough that was recently described as “anomalously intense for the time”, In words of the physicist, disseminator and researcher at Aemet JJ German. On the other, a Western Mediterranean Sea at a much higher temperature than is usually common. In Xataka “Clouds of fire”, the phenomenon that makes escape from sixth generation fires can make it impossible As of Wednesday. The resulting storms are expected to be especially intense in Wednesday’s days and during the early hours of Thursday. The forecasts talk about rainfall between 30 and 40 mm In an hour, but the possibility of even more intense rains is not ruled out, which implies the possibility of floods in areas such as ravines and ramblas. Important risk. The State Meteorology Agency (AEMET) has issued A series of notices related to these episodes that will be added to the notices that have been common, associated with the maximum summer temperatures. For now, orange notices for important risk are concentrated on the day of Wednesday 23, although we will have to wait for Know the evolution of the situation during Thursday. On Wednesday, almost all of Catalonia will be under notice for rains and storms. It will also be the Aragonese and Navarro Pyrenees, and other areas of Aragon and the province of Castellón. Orange notices, due to important risk, will also affect part of the provinces of Girona, Barcelona, Tarragona and Castellón. To this we will have to add the risk of Rissagas on the island of Menorca. {“Videid”: “X89B35L”, “Autoplay”: False, “Title”: “Professional Cazatorentas_ This is your day to day”, “Tag”: “”, “Duration”: “400”} Change in the trend? The situation seems to be improving on Friday, but even during the day They might be expected instability in some areas. The models indicate that after the storm, during the weekend, stability will arrive and with it could return the high temperatures. However, we will still have to wait to know in detail the evolution of the atmospheric situation. In Xataka | The hydrological bonanza could not be eternal: drought is a real threat after an extremely warm, and also dry June Image | ECMWF (Function () {Window._js_modules = Window._js_modules || {}; var headelement = document.getelegsbytagname (‘head’) (0); if (_js_modules.instagram) {var instagramscript = Document.Createlement (‘script’); }}) (); – The news A “anomalously intense” trough and a Mediterranean to red alive: the explosive cocktail that arrives in Catalonia and Valencia It was originally posted in Xataka by Pablo Martínez-Juarez .

China wants to revolutionize the hypersonic flight of airplanes and missiles with an explosive ingredient: magnesium

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China and the United States are immersed in a race that is not fought on the mainland, but in the air with a common goal: to achieve speeds of more than 7,000 km/h. Both have several hypersonic airplanes projects With potential both military and civil And, although the US seems more reserved, China from time to time goes out to the arena to talk about Your technological achievements. The latest is an engine capable of going to Mach 6 thanks to a fuel formula with a special ingredient: magnesium. Mach 6. When we talk about hypersonic speeds, what we use to measure it is the Mach 1. is the one that represents the speed of sound, established in 1,235 km/h. Thus, a Mach 2 speed would be twice the speed of sound. Well, what are testing At Beihang University in Beijing it is a technique that allows to double the thrust of current hypersonic engines to reach Mach 6 and higher speeds. It is difficult to get an idea of ​​the amounts we talk about, since we are talking about speeds of more than 2,000 meters per second or around 7,000 kilometers per hour. It would be like going from Madrid to New Delhi in an hour. That journey, currently, has between eight and ten hours. EITHER cross the Atlantic in three. Scramjets. The objective of the researchers is to redefine hypersonic aviation thanks to a combustion technique that, as we read in South China Morning Postpractically doubles the thrust of a scramjet engine. It is the abbreviation of “Supersonic Combustion Ramjets”, these Ramjets being reaction engines created to reach Mach 3 speeds. To function, the air enters the engine at high speed. They are motors without turbines that compress that air at supersonic speed (do not slowly subsuite like Ramjets) and then the fuel is injected. It can be hydrogen, but also kerosene, which is mixed with compressed air and, as a result, a supersonic jet of hot gases that propels the vehicle is generated. When it occurs for the first time, it is when the sound barrier is broken and something similar to an explosion is heard. “Secret” ingredient. The problem of Scramjet engines is that, at extreme speeds, the energy generated by fuel is stabilized, but adding magnesium to the fuel formula, the thing changes. The Chinese team chose magnesium being a metal with a violent reactivity. When the kerosene burns it generates residual, but when they inject magnesium dust, that CO₂ acts as an oxidant lighting the magnesium particles. Yang Qingchun is the project director and comments that “magnesium does not need atmospheric oxygen”, so those magnesium dust particles react in explosive shapes with the residual gases that were previously wasted, now releasing an additional energy. China hypersonic test vehicle Evidence. And they have tested. Under conditions that simulate a Mach 6 to 30 kilometers altitude flight and using commercial aircraft fuel, magnesium injection increased the thrust by 86.6% with a combustion efficiency of 65.1%. This allows to increase the 613 Newtons-second motor thrust per kilogram at 1,126 Newtons-Second per kilogram. At that speed, the kerosene burns practically completely, the magnesium dust turns to the contact and releases the heat between two and three times faster than only the kerosene. But speed is not the only advantage. Something crucial is not to overheat the turboreactor, so researchers have studied how to optimize the process to increase performance without a temperature increase. Thus, it is the kerosene that acts as a refrigerant of the motor walls through regenerative cooling. The magnesium, which is added later, burns in a “storm of supersonic fire”, according to the researchers, which is stabilized thanks to an optimized flow route that, in turn, helps to achieve that more powerful thrust. Challenges. But of course, the higher the speed, the greater the challenges. We have already commented that the temperature is something that plays against supersonic ships Because they must resist friction that makes the temperature rise above 1,500 degrees Celsius. In addition, at more speed, more turbulence. The team states that this supersonic turbulence entails the risk of an unequal dispersion of magnesium dust inside the postquemor. If there is a bad penetration of the particles, or an irregular injection, the thrust gain falls to almost 20%. It is something that causes the engine to be very unstable. In addition, those magnesium particles that “exploit” are a double -edged sword. On the one hand, the explosion generates that violent reaction that increases the thrust, but at the same time the particles become microcuchillas that can damage the engine. Therefore, you have to investigate engines with the capacity to resist impacts inside. On the other hand, you have to stabilize magnesium injection because it is postulated as something ideal to quickly reach hypersonic speeds and maintain them, but a ship fluctuates in speed, it is an unstable fuel. They have added nitrogen gas to stabilize the entrance of the particles, but the team confesses that it is “as difficult as threading a needle in the middle of a hurricane.” Projects. It is something that China will continue working because it is the team itself that states that it is not something only for airplanes: Yang comments that its design can reduce the launch weight or extend the range of missiles. They will try to inject magnesium on a nanometric scale to see if it is more efficient, but it is clear that it is a project that interests the country. And, yes, China has already tested higher speedsbut what they are looking for is more stability and the way to change between speeds at pleasure, not in such a linear way. And he does it because the United States is also working on it. Not only in aircraft like Blackbirdbut also in systems such as Dark Eagle, a missile with a range of more than 3,000 kilometers and capable of reaching speeds greater than Mach 17 (about 20,000 km/h) with systems to … Read more

This master and explosive mixture of drama, action and thriller, signed by the director of ‘The Raid’, is already in streaming

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Gareth Evans is one of those little prolific creators but to those who should follow the track very, very closely. He drew the attention of the less complexed action cinema fans with the two incredible deliveries of ‘The Raid’, those epic of Thai brutality that revolutionized the martial arts cinema. After an interesting landing in Netflix with the unclassifiable ‘the apostle’, he focused his efforts on billing, ‘Gangs of London‘, a British gangster thriller who does not respond to the viewer. The series will premiere its third season on April 14 in Skyshowtime, so it is time to recover its first two vibrant In Skyshowtime (That at the moment it only has the first year available, although it is assumed that it will not take long to arrive the second) as In Movistar Plus+that does have the two initial seasons. An explosion of absolute violence, portraits without compassion, drama between characters to the limit and a visualization of completely revolutionary action. The series starts with the death of an important London mafia who has governed in the city’s underworld for two decades. His son takes the throne, which triggers a wave of violence, with even international repercussions. In this context, an undercover policeman begins to gain the trust of the organization, while the question of who has killed the king of organized crime floats in the environment. A starting point that we have already enjoyed on many other occasions, but exposed in a more vibrant way than ever: the intensity of the action (sometimes with unusual technical virguerías in a series of average budget such as this), the overwhelming of interpretations and scarce concessions that are made to the topics of the genre They give fruit a first thriller. Now you have the opportunity to discover why everyone speaks wonders of ‘Gangs of London’. In Xataka | The secret to succeed in organized crime is simple: the University, Factory of Successful Mafiosos

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