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How much coffee can you drink a day? Science has a very clear limit to avoid its harmful effects

May 11, 2026 by usatoday24

For many of us, the starter motor in the morning It has a dark color and a roasted aroma that characterize coffee so much. A drink that is one of the most consumed in the world, but with a popularity that has been accompanied by alarmist headlines about how bad it is to ingest it and the effects it can have directly on the organs. But the truth is that there are lights and shadows. There is good news. For those who love coffee, it will undoubtedly be a relief to know that the literature indicates that consumption is not as catastrophic as they want to sell. But, as in everything, excesses of something can always lead to problems, even if it may seem like something super healthy, such as water. And coffee, obviously, is not exempt. The limit. When it comes to establishing a red line for safe consumption, the clinical reference is not in the WHO, but in the FDA and the EFSAwhich are the food safety regulatory agencies in the United States and Europe, respectively. Here both point to the same figure in coffee consumption: 400 milligrams of caffeine per day. A very relevant figure, since for the vast majority of healthy adults, consuming up to 400 mg daily is not associated with harmful health effectshighlighting that this amount can be part of a perfectly healthy diet and lifestyle. How many coffees is this equivalent to? This is where things get complicated since talking about “cups” is an analytical error, because not all coffees are the same. That is why for the FDA a 355 ml cup, which is a standard size, can contain between 113 and 247 mg of caffeine. But all this depends on the type of preparation, the extraction time or the coffee used, because Robusta coffee has more caffeine than Arabica, for example. But generally speaking, that 400 mg is equivalent to about 3 or 4 cups of standard filter coffee per day. Organic damage. It is easy to see different alarming messages warning that coffee can damage our entire interior if a specific dose is exceeded. But the reality is that the WHO does not send this message to society, since it is too alarming and does not correspond at all to reality. What is true is that excessive daily coffee consumption has important effects on our body, but it will not ‘rot’ our internal organs. Among these stand out insomnia, nervousness, irritability, palpitations, muscle tremors, intestinal irritation, headache… This means that, although we talk about coffee not being contradictory for the population, logically, if there is an underlying problem, it may be better not to drink it, and even less so if it is taken in great excess throughout the day. It has benefits. On other occasions we have talked about coffee and its benefits, because it has more than just keeping us awake in the morning. Here different studies have already pointed out to us the cardiovascular benefits it can have or even improves sports performance. But the metabolism of each person is quite involved here, since there is no single metabolism. In this case, there are people who process caffeine very quickly and its effect disappears quickly, but there are other cases where they metabolize it slowly, so its effects remain in the body and they may, for example, have more problems with insomnia, nervousness or palpitations because they are more “sensitive” to caffeine. This is the explanation, for example, that a person can boast of having a coffee at night and being able to sleep perfectly. There are exceptions. Although we talk about a limit of 400 mg of caffeine, there are people who logically cannot reach this limit, such as pregnant women, where a maximum of 200 mg per day is recommended, since excess caffeine can cross the placenta and affect fetal development. But it also influences, for example, the cholesterol level, since here the Mayo Clinic points out that the consumption of unfiltered coffee, such as Turkish coffee, can raise cholesterol levels due to compounds such as cafestol. Images | Dragana_Gordic in Magnific In Xataka | If the question is “how much caffeine is in each cup of coffee or tea,” this graph offers insightful answers.

Spain has just entered a “polar episode” because of Greenland

May 11, 2026 by usatoday24

It’s May and yes, it’s cold out there. Maybe not “very cold”, but certainly much colder than reasonable. And the fact is that, between Sunday the 10th and Thursday the 14th, the Peninsula and the Balearic Islands will go through a “thermal drop” caused by a mass of maritime polar air with drops of between 5 and 10 degrees compared to normal. What is happening? At a technical level, the cause is found in an anticyclonic ridge that runs from the Azores to Greenland. That has produced a southward undulation of the polar jet. Understanding this pattern is interesting because it is what allows us to have five “extremely cold days for the time” just after the warmest April in the historical series. There will be a sharp thermal drop with drops of up to 15 degrees if we take last week as a reference. In some inland places, the thermometer will drop below zero (-3 degrees in the upper Duero, the Iberian and Central systems; -5 in the Pyrenees). In addition to the showers, AEMET warns of snow, hail storms and frost. Just because it’s rare doesn’t mean it’s unpublished, of course. Late frosts at the end of April, May and even June are common in a large area of the peninsular territory. The worst part of these events, however, will be borne by the countryside. Weren’t we going to have a warmer than normal spring? I said before that the most curious thing may be that this comes after the warmest April on record. Obviously, we are not talking about a “cold wave”: neither by duration, nor by extension, nor (of course) by temperature. But it still draws attention in a context like the current one (with the forecast of AEMET talking about warm spring). However, and it is worth pausing for a moment, there is some scientific debate (what is known as Francis-Vavrus hypothesis) on whether the fact that the Arctic is warming twice as fast as the rest of the planet is having paradoxical consequences: as the temperature gradient reduces, zonal winds weaken and undulations increase. It is not something that has been proven, but it is plausible and, even on an intellectual level, it is good to keep it in mind for the coming years. What can we expect? As AEMET saysthis week “probably colder than normal in most of the Peninsula, especially in areas of the west, center and south.” It’s still early to make a wardrobe change. Image | Tropical TidBits In Xataka | We are on the eve of a polar strike in the middle of May. And there is no climate change that protects us from this

If the question is whether using ChatGPT or Claude in English is more efficient and saves tokens, the answer is: yes

May 11, 2026 by usatoday24

You may not have stopped to think about it, but there is a striking reality in the world of chatbots: It is more expensive to speak in Spanish with AI than to do so in English. The reason is simple: AI does not understand words, it understands tokens. And when you talk to GPT, Gemini, Claude or any other LLM, you talk to him in a language, but to understand you he first “translates” what you are telling him and converts it into tokens. And the problem is precisely that: that not all languages ”cost” the same in terms of tokens. There is a very simple example that we can analyze thanks to tools like ClaudeTokenizer: the word “developer”, which in English is “developer” costs few or many tokens depending on the language in which we write it and also (importantly) the version of the AI model used. In the image it is clearly seen, but just in case, we summarize: For ChatGPT (GPT-4o and GPT-5) the word “developer” has three tokens (des-developer-ador), but the word “developer” only costs one. For Claude (Opus 4.7) the word “developer” costs no less than 9 tokens (2 in Opus 4.6), but “developer” costs “only” 6 (1 in Opus 4.6). What is happening here? Well then each language model uses its own “tokenizer”your “translator” from a conventional language to the token language that the language model understands. And those tokenizers favor precisely the languages in which these models are created. This is how AI understands how we speak. Each word is divided into tokens, and English is understood much better. “developer” only costs one token in GPT-5, but “developer” breaks down into three. Bad news for Spanish speakers. In fact, English has become the official language of artificial intelligence, whether we want it or not. The reason is not cultural, but architectural: 95% of the training data of the frontier models (GPT-5, Gemini 3.1, Claude Opus/Sonnet 4.7…) are in that language. That makes the rest of the languages ”foreign languages”, and that makes it necessary to pay extra when using them, an almost invisible toll on every interaction. In practical terms, what happens when we use Spanish to talk to an AI model is simple: we use more tokens, and therefore using Spanish is simply more expensive than using English when working with a large language model. If you want to save tokens, better use English The question, of course, is how much more does it cost us to speak in Spanish than in English with ChatGPT (GPT 5.x) or with Claude Opus 4.7? It is difficult to say because each word and each phrase is a world, but the truth is that English is almost always the most “economical”. We have used one of the first sentences in this article to compare that token consumption, and by translating the sentence into different languages and querying that token consumption for different models, the data is clear. It is important to highlight that these results are not conclusive, but they do make the trend clear: English is the most efficient language in terms of token consumption, but be careful, because Spanish is not that bad, and is usually the second most efficient. It is even more efficient than English in Gemini, at least according to the tool consulted. But on average, it is normal that there is a significant extra cost when using different models. A conversation with Claude Opus 4.7 is already “expensive” because it is one of the most expensive models currently, but in Spanish it is almost 30% more expensive, not to mention in Arabic, 76.3% more expensive. In fact, according to this example, the difference between Claude or GPT-4o in terms of efficiency is clear: OpenAI tokenizer is “cheaper”and although there may be differences with GPT-5.x, what seems clear is that Anthropic has preferred to “spend more” to obtain better results (or that is the objective). Gemini is even more thrifty according to these tests, and that may also have a lot to do with the quality of the answers, although that question is for another topic. We have used one of the paragraphs of this article in Spanish and translated it with Deepl into English, Arabic, Norwegian, French and Chinese to find out how many tokens the phrase “cost” in each language. English is undoubtedly the most efficient Tokenizers advance and evolve. Sometimes they do it to save us tokens, as happened with the GPT-4o tokenizer: at that time OpenAI explained how that tool used 1.1 times fewer tokens when speaking to her in Spanish but up to 2.9 times fewer in Hindi or 3.5 times fewer in Telugu. With Claude Opus 4.7, just the opposite has happened: the tokenizer has been redesigned and consumes more tokens (up to 1.35 times more, they admitted) with the aim of better processing and understanding the text. Your chatbot thinks (and programs) in English Here we must also highlight something important: although we can talk to our favorite chatbot in any language and it will answer us in that language (unless we ask otherwise), AI models “think in English”. That is to say: when you talk to them what they do is translate what you tell them and then reason in English and finally they translate their response into the language in which you were speaking to them. This consumes additional reasoning tokens, but also has some impact on latency (how long it takes to start thinking or answer the model). In complex tasks, this can clearly influence response times for the simple reason that the AI model does not stop translating from “its official language” (English) to our language. This preference for English is also noticeable in the benchmarks: in the Humanity’s Last Examin which the models are asked all kinds of general knowledge questions with several options to answer, it is reasonable to think that the models They answer better in English because that exam is designed in that language. … Read more

While everyone was looking at Hormuz, Russia has found a much bigger secret route. And drones do not stop arriving in Iran

May 11, 2026 by usatoday24

During the Cold War, Western intelligence services came to suspect that some Soviet freighters that apparently transported grain or machinery were actually hiding military equipment and technology sensitive under false covers. The problem was that, once inside certain internal routes controlled by Moscow and its allies, tracking them became extraordinarily difficult even for the greatest naval powers on the planet. While the world watches Hormuz. For months, the Strait of Hormuz has become the perfect symbol of Western pressure on Iran: US aircraft carriers, oil tankers diverting routes, marine insurance fired and constant threats on one of the great energy bottlenecks on the planet. However, while all international attention was focused there, Russia and Iran have been consolidating a much less visible and probably much more uncomfortable route for Washington: the Caspian Sea. It The New York Times said the weekend. This enormous space of inland water in northern Iran, usually ignored in geopolitical analyses, is being transformed into a true strategic highway to move goods, drones, military components and technology away from the direct reach of the United States. The photo. The most revealing image came when Israel bombed the Iranian port of Bandar Anzali, in the heart of the Caspian, in one of the most significant attacks of its campaign against Iran. The target was not in the Persian Gulf or Hormuz, but hundreds of kilometers further north. It was a clear sign that real logistical warfare no longer revolves solely around the most famous strait on the planet. The route that keeps Iran alive. The importance of the Caspian for Tehran has grown spectacularly since the pressure on Hormuz intensified. Russian and Iranian ships now transport wheat, corn, sunflower oil, animal feed and all kinds of of essential supplies who previously arrived via more vulnerable routes. Four Iranian Caspian ports are working at full capacity to absorb this growing traffic, while Moscow has begun to redirect millions of tons of goods that previously crossed the Black Sea. It turns out that the true strategic core is not in the cereal. According to US officials, Russia is using that route to send drone components to Iran to help it rebuild part of the arsenal lost during the last fighting with Israel and the United States. The relationship is especially symbolic because for years It was Iran that supplied Russia with Shahed drones for the war in Ukraine. Now the flow has partially reversed: Moscow manufactures its own versions under license and returns technology, components and military expertise to Tehran using the Caspian as a protected corridor. A perfect sea to avoid sanctions. The great advantage of the Caspian for Russia and Iran is that it is an extraordinarily difficult to control from outside. Unlike the Persian Gulf, where the US naval presence dominates much of the maritime traffic, in the Caspian they can only operate the five coastal countries. The United States cannot intercept ships there or impose direct blockades. Furthermore, a large part of the ships sail with transponders offdisappearing from satellite tracking systems and feeding an increasingly opaque network of “ghost ships.” In fact, Western analysts describe the Caspian as the ideal place for discreet military transfers and sanctions evasion. Dark shipping traffic has skyrocketed since Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, and both Moscow and Tehran have perfected methods to hide real shipments, routes and operators. It is no coincidence that Ukraine attacked the Russian port of Olya in 2024, accusing it of being a logistics center for the transfer of Iranian drone components. Nor that Israel Bandar Anzali will hit. Everyone seems to have understood that a logistical rearguard is being built there that is much more resistant than it appears. Moscow’s strategic obsession. Plus: for the Kremlin, the Caspian is not just a temporary solution derived from sanctions or the war in Ukraine. Russia and Iran have two decades imagining a gigantic trade corridor that connects the Baltic with the Indian Ocean, crossing Russia, the Caspian and Iran to avoid routes controlled by the West. The project includes new portsrailway lines and renewal of aging fleets, although many of these plans remain on paper due to lack of resources and the geographical difficulties of the Caspian. Still, the war has accelerated the strategic logic behind that idea: creating an alternative system of commercial and military circulation outside the reach of Western sanctions. For Putin, furthermore, the balance is delicate. Needs to support Iran as a regional ally and military partner, but do so in an all-too-visible way could deteriorate even more so its relationship with Washington and with several Arab countries important for Russian energy trade. The Caspian offers precisely that: sufficient support, but far from the media and military focus that Hormuz dominates. America’s great blind spot. Much of the Western concern arises from a very uncomfortable feeling: for years, the Caspian hardly occupied any space in American strategic planning. Experts in Washington recognize that the region functions almost like a black hole diplomat divided between different military commands and bureaucratic departments. Thus, while the world observed aircraft carriers in the Persian Gulf or drones over Ukraine, Russia and Iran took advantage of an immense, opaque and difficult to monitor geographic space to weave a logistics network that connects both conflicts. The problem for the United States is not that the Caspian completely replaces Hormuz, because it cannot do so, especially in massive oil exports. The real problem is that even under extreme military pressure, sanctions and naval blockades, Iran continues to find ways to stay connectedrearm and receive outside support. And each drone, each component and each shipment that silently crosses the Caspian reinforces an increasingly evident idea: while everyone was looking at the Strait of Hormuz, Russia and Iran they were building an alternative route much more difficult to stop. Image | PexelsNASA In Xataka | We sensed that Iran’s attacks on the US had been important. In reality, they were devastating In Xataka | While the whole world looks at … Read more

AEG has discounts of up to 46% this May

May 11, 2026 by usatoday24

Are you looking to renew any of your appliances? It doesn’t matter if you need a new vacuum cleaner, a washing machine or a refrigerator: right now we have a very good option with AEG’s May offers. Beyond the discounts (which there are and are quite interesting), the official store of this brand delivers in 48 or 72 hours, picks up your old appliance, has free shipping and, in addition, YoIncludes installation (except socket). 177 cm Series 9000 MultiChill American free-standing refrigerator The price could vary. We earn commission from these links And what about the offers? We have discounts ranging up to 46%, but we can also save an additional 10% if we use the code ‘10DOWNLOAD‘. Although there is a lot to choose from, we have selected five offers that we find especially interesting: Cordless vacuum cleaner 6000 by 144.50 eurosan option with good suction power and autonomy. 7000 Series Dishwasher by 539.10 euroswith third tray and satellite sprinkler. Series 6000 Freestanding Washing Machine by 426.65 euroswith 9 kg capacity and automatic adjustment of time and consumption. 5000 Series Induction Hob by 305.10 eurosa hob with four independent cooking zones. Series 5000 multifunction oven by 298.40 euroswith multilevel cooking. American free-standing refrigerator Series 9000 by 1,169.10 euroswith 594 total liters of capacity. Cordless vacuum cleaner 6000 The first offer that we bring you is starring this 6000 series cordless vacuum cleaner, an option with a very good quality-price ratio now that it costs 144.50 euros (to do this, you must apply the coupon ’10DESCAEG’). It has autonomy for 40 minutes, enough for a small or medium-sized home. In addition, it has a brush with LED lights to better see dirt and comes with several accessories. Cordless vacuum cleaner 6000 with 40 min autonomy The price could vary. We earn commission from these links 7000 Series Dishwasher If you need a dishwasher, this Series 7000 dishwasher might fit you, available for 539.10 euros if we use the code that we have already mentioned several times above. It has a third tray that allows you to have enough space for cutlery and other “odd” shaped utensils. In addition, since it has a satellite spray arm, the water reaches the entire load better. 60 cm Series 7000 GlassCare dishwasher for 14 place settings The price could vary. We earn commission from these links Series 6000 Freestanding Washing Machine This Series 6000 washing machine also has a good price, which costs 426.65 euros with the code ’10DESCAEG’. It has 9 kg capacity and reaches a spin speed of 1,400 RPMvery interesting so that your clothes come out almost dry if you live in an area where there is humidity and it is difficult for you to dry them. In addition, it has technology that allows you to adjust both the washing time and the water consumption depending on the load we put inside. ProSense® Series 6000 9.0kg Freestanding Washer The price could vary. We earn commission from these links 5000 Series Induction Hob We now move on to this Series 5000 induction hob, available for 305.10 euros If we use the code that gives us an additional 10% discount. It has four cooking zones and a function called ‘Powerboost’, which allows each zone to heat up faster. In addition, it has very intuitive and easy-to-use touch controls. 60 cm Series 5000 Induction induction hob The price could vary. We earn commission from these links Series 5000 multifunction oven We have an oven with a very good price right now: this Series 5000, available for 298.40 euros using the code ’10DESCAEG’. It has 72 liters of capacity and a multi-level cooking system that allows us to cook up to three trays at the same time, obtaining uniform cooking in all of them. This is not only helpful in saving time but also energy. Multifunction oven Series 5000 SurroundCook with LED Display The price could vary. We earn commission from these links American free-standing refrigerator Series 9000 And we come to the last offer of this selection, which is the American 9000 Series refrigerator. Its RRP is 1,599 euros, but right now it is available for 1,169.10 euros using the discount code that we show you for the entire article. Its capacity is 594 total liters and it measures 177 centimeters high. The refrigerator allows you to adjust the temperature of the drawers, thus being able to store different types of food and ensure that they are better preserved. 177 cm Series 9000 MultiChill American free-standing refrigerator The price could vary. We earn commission from these links Some of the links in this article are affiliated and may provide a benefit to Xataka. In case of non-availability, offers may vary. Images | AEG In Xataka | American refrigerator or 70 cm Combi? Be careful with making mistakes when buying liters that you may not be able to use In Xataka | With the fashion of American kitchens, a refrigerator that makes noise can be torture when watching TV. How to choose well to avoid it

a macro study reveals the exact heart rate to minimize the risk of stroke

May 11, 2026 by usatoday24

Nowadays we monitor our vital signs, such as heart rateon the wrist itself thanks to smartwatches and activity bracelets that constantly tell us how many beats per minute our heart beats at rest. This information is vital, since traditionally it is believed that having an excessively high number is an indication that something bad is happening in the heart. The middle point is the best. In medicine, both due to excess and scarcity, we can find a scenario that is pathological, and that is why, although we relate high heart rate as something very negative, we must keep in mind that having them excessively low It is not always positive. This is the main conclusion of a pioneering research presented at the European Stroke Organization Conference, and although it has yet to undergo review, its foundations are extraordinarily solid, based on the analysis of 460,000 participants over 14 years. Crossing data. Of all these people analyzed, the researchers were especially interested in their medical histories and the diseases they presented, highlighting the registration of a total of 12,290 cases of stroke during the decade and a half of follow-up. But what is truly important here is when these records were crossed with the resting heart rate data of the participants, discovering a very clear pattern by showing a risk graph in the shape of a ‘U’ and not a straight line. Its meaning. The fact that a graph with this shape has been generated tells us that the optimal heart rate level is between 60 and 69 beats per minute, since these people were the ones with the lowest risk of suffering from a stroke. The problem is that, when the heart rate at rest exceeds 90 bpm, the risk of suffering a stroke increases by up to 45%, both ischemic and hemorrhagic. But in the case of having excessively low heart rate, the risk also increases, so we cannot be completely calm if we have 50 bpm at rest. Atrial fibrillation. Until now, medicine was very clear that severe arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation They were determining risk factors for suffering a stroke. But now this study adjusted the data specifically to separate people with and without atrial fibrillation, showing that resting heart rate is, on its own, an independent prognostic marker. Because? Although this study gives us a lot of information, the reality is that previous medical literature already offered a fairly rigorous explanation as to why a low or high heart rate had implications for strokes. In this case, an excessively low frequency can alter cerebral hemodynamics, causing blood to pass too slowly through the brain, and facilitating the formation of thrombi in certain contexts, especially when there are more risk factors. On the other side of the scale, when the frequency is chronically high, we have the layer of our blood vessels exposed to blood flow, exposed to constant mechanical stress that favors inflammation, hypertension and vascular damage, as has been shown in previous studies. Preventive medicine. These findings are good news for patients, especially older patients, since it is a new parameter that can predict the possibility of something as serious as a stroke occurring. This allows, especially in primary care, to better control the heart rate and not miss when it goes too fast or too slow, since the consequences can be fatal. Images | freepik In Xataka | We cannot predict a stroke, but we can avoid its main risk factors: reducing the danger is in our power

The chip crisis is leaving no stone unturned. Motherboards seemed untouchable, but their time has come

May 11, 2026 by usatoday24

The RAM memory crisis is no longer a RAM memory crisis. Emulating what happened at the end of 2020, we are immersed in a new component crisis that, unlike that of five years ago, has not been caused by a combination of factors but by something very specific, the AI industry. It is very difficult to buy any component with a NAND chip at a fair price and it is something that It is affecting all devices. The PC was already affected, but now the four largest motherboard manufacturers predict the worst. A shipment contraction of almost 30% on motherboards. Focused away from consumption. To understand why the crisis is impacting motherboards when, a priori, they could continue to be produced at the normal price, you have to look a little further. Nvidia and AMD are fully focused on the artificial intelligence segment, pausing their consumer GPU renewal plans for 2060. For example, the RTX 50 Super series neither is nor expected for this year and already speaks of some RTX 60 that would be released by 2028. Intel, for its part, also recently confirmed that consumer processors were taking a back seat in its priorities, since They were going to focus on the Xeon for servers and data centers. It is a strategy aligned with the great objective: become the great American foundry and sneak into the conversation they dominate TSMC and, at a good distance, Samsung. Update paused. With three manufacturers of the three key components having the focus away from the user and with the three main memory manufacturers (Samsung, Micron and SK Hynix) focused on memory for AI, what had to happen is happening: not only is buying new parts for a PC very expensive, but sometimes there is no stock, and the enthusiastic user who renews a PC every generation has no reason to do so, even if he had the deepest pockets in the world. That is why they are putting these PC updates on hold, clinging to current devices that they will have to get more out of because the market, directly, is broken. motherboards. And if PCs cannot be built and the companies that build computers themselves have already reported that they are having problems due to the price of RAM and storage, the foundation of the computer stops making sense. That’s where motherboards come in as those ‘foundations’. As we read in Tom’s Hardwarethe four main ones in the market (Taiwanese, too) are shipping units well below expectations. According to the media, ASRock will ship 37% fewer boards, Asus 33% less, MSI 24% less and Gigabyte 22% less. In total, the big four in this segment will ship 28% fewer units than they moved last year, which will push prices up for components that had not yet suffered the blow. In fact, the fact that the four companies are reviewing its shipping and sales predictions for this period could cause a parallel crisis. In a hypothetical scenario (because at the rate we are going it is very difficult for the crisis to be resolved in two days), if tomorrow it is possible to buy RAM and SSD memory at their normal price and people start building PCs again, what would be missing would be motherboards, so the shortage would cause price spikes. No end in sight. But hey, I already say that it is a hypothetical scenario because everything indicates that the NAND chip crisis is not even close to being resolved in the short term. The hyperscalers have the vast majority of the team unemployed full time, but they continue to demand new platforms to continue developing AI. That is why the entire segment has turned its head to look only at a market that is guaranteeing them an unprecedented peak in income. And no, don’t think that Asus, MSI, ASRock or Gigabyte are having a hard time, since they point that manufacturers are also offsetting declining profits in the user segment with growth in data center platforms. In the end, although ‘rare’, they are computers that need motherboards. When will the storm pass? Namely. There are sources that point to 2027 to start seeing green shoots, but others go to 2030 and Nvidia, which in the end has some hand in this mess, considers that there are seven or eight years of wild investment left. Image | Sitraka, Luis Gonzalez In Xataka | There is a shortage of RAM because of AI. That will make your next console much more expensive.

The day a small dispute over the Tab key ended up revealing the big difference between IBM and Microsoft

May 11, 2026 by usatoday24

There are companies that have lived so long that their story is no longer told only through big launches, acquisitions or business battles. It is also told in small details, in those seemingly minor scenes that, seen over time, end up explaining an era better than many official statements. Microsoft and IBM belong to that category. Their paths crossed when the personal computer It was still defining many of its rules, and some of those discussions, even the most minute ones, revealed something deeper than a technical difference. The scene has been recovered Raymond Chena veteran Microsoft engineer who has been linked to the evolution of Windows for more than three decades and who for years has gathered in The Old New Thing some of the most curious stories of the Windows and Microsoft ecosystem. Chen does not present the episode as his own experience, but as the memory of a colleague who was assigned to the IBM offices in Boca Raton, Florida, during the collaboration between both companies in OS/2. OS/2 was much more than just another name lost in software history. IBM and Microsoft presented it in 1987 as an operating system designed for the IBM PS/2 line and intended to take the PC beyond the limitations of DOS, with a more modern base and ambitions typical of computing that was beginning to look further afield. The collaboration came from a joint development agreement signed in 1985when the project was not yet called OS/2. In that context, any interface decision could have more weight than it seems today, because many conventions of the modern PC were still being established. Two very similar and also very different companies The problem is that that collaboration brought together two companies at very different times in their lives. Microsoft was still a young company, very attached to software and a more direct way of working, while IBM arrived with decades of history, a huge structure and the weight of a much more established corporate culture. Chen sums it up like a clash of perceptions: from Microsoft, IBM was seen as trapped in a meaningless bureaucracy, and from IBM, Microsoft was seen as undisciplined hackers. Its own nuance is important: there was probably something right in both readings. The specific anecdote begins in Boca Raton, where a colleague of Chen’s worked assigned to the IBM offices. At some point a discussion arose about which key should be used to move from one field to another within the dialog boxes. The Microsoft engineer made a decision that is almost invisible to us today because of how assumed it is: use Tab for that function. IBM was not convinced by the choice and asked that the matter will be escalated to the person responsible from that engineer in Redmond, a reaction that already hinted at the extent to which the discrepancy went beyond the key itself. In Redmond, the petition was not understood as an issue that deserved to be raised much higher. The engineer’s manager responded with a very clear idea: if Microsoft had sent someone to Boca Raton, it was so that they could resolve decisions like that there. Translated into a more institutional tone, the message that came back to IBM was that Microsoft supported the choice of the Tab key. IBM’s reaction was just the opposite. Instead of shutting down the discussion, the company elevated her up its own chain of command to a vice president, several levels above those who were programming. IBM had not only elevated the discussion, it also wanted a response to the same hierarchical height. If its vice president was against using Tab, Microsoft had to find someone equivalent to argue the opposite. Chen’s colleague then responded with a wonderful phrase, translated here into Spanish: “Bill Gates’ mother is not interested in the Tab key“It was a pretty nice way of saying that it wasn’t worth going up the corporate elevator anymore. It wasn’t necessary to go to the heights of Microsoft to decide how to move from one field to another in a dialog box. The phrase worked, at least according to Chen’s account: apparently, after that response, the discussion ended and Tab remained the key chosen to advance between fields. The detail is funny because today almost no one stops to think about it: we simply press Tab and wait for the cursor to jump to the next available space. But there was a time when that convention was not so closed. And what we see in this story is just that: a small interface decision turned into a clash between custom, hierarchy and technical criteria. The exact date, however, does not appear in Chen’s account. We know that the episode belongs to the years of collaboration between Microsoft and IBM around OS/2, whose joint development agreement dates back to 1985 and whose Public arrival occurred in 1987. This allows us to limit the context, but not to set the day or year of the discussion by Tab. There are many decisions behind the products and services we use every day. Some are huge and visible, but others fly under the radar: a key, a gesture, an interface convention that we learn once and repeat for years without wondering where it came from. Surely many have a story behind them, although most never transcend and others would not be particularly interesting. From time to time, however, an anecdote like this appears and allows us to peek into something we almost never see: how things are handled within the companies that build the technology we use. Images | Kaatvrtg (Wikimedia Commons) | In Xataka | In 1993 Microsoft created Encarta to revolutionize knowledge. Twenty years later it would be devastated by a tsunami

Some bones found in Mexico have revealed a new facet of the Mayans: traders of “exotic” dogs

May 10, 2026 by usatoday24

We knew that the Mayans wove important commercial networks and? they used to market with food or items as precious as jade, obsidian, cocoa either shells. What we did not know is that in their markets there was another good as or even more precious that led sellers to invest resources, time and effort in transporting it over hundreds of kilometers: dogs. Just as we are willing to pay large sums for certain pedigree species, the Mayans of the Classic period (200-900 AD) they traded dogs that they fed with care. At least that’s what it suggests. a new study. Some lost bones. Moxviquil and Tenam Puente They are two Mayan sites located in Chiapas where, some time ago, archaeologists found remains of bones. So far nothing surprising. The curious thing is that among the remains there were fragments that belonged to dogs and deer, a valuable material that has allowed Dr. Elizateb Paris, from the University of Calgary, to compare their chemical characteristics to find out where the animals came from. The conclusions has published them in Journal of Achaeological Science and they leave a few surprises. An isotopic map. What Paris basically did, with the help of the rest of the colleagues who signed he paperwas to analyze the remains of strontium preserved in bones and tooth enamel. The reason is very simple: for researchers it represents a key clue to understanding what humans (or animals, in this case) ate and drank when they were alive, which in turn reveals the places they passed through. Once this information was collected, Dr. Paris and her colleagues compared it with a isotopic map which shows the proportions of strontium in all of Mesoamerica. What did they discover? That while the deer bones showed strontium levels consistent with the area in which they were located, suggesting that they were probably wild animals hunted in the local forests; The skeletons of the dogs told a very different story. “We discovered that the dogs in our sample were not from the area, but came from Mayan kingdoms in very distant lowlands,” share the anthropologist. The second surprise. It wasn’t the only thing Paris found out. The bones located in Moxviquil and Tenam Puente held yet another surprise. By thoroughly analyzing the carbon and nitrogen isotopes of the bones, the researchers discovered that the dogs enjoyed a privileged diet. So much, in fact, that they largely ate the same foods as humans: corn and meat. The archaeologists admit that the dogs may have been searching through the remains of what their owners consumed, but they also believe that this protein-rich diet was the result of “deliberate feeding.” In summary: it is not only that the dogs identified in the Mayan sites had traveled long distances, their diet was also taken care of. The question is… Why so much effort? The answer: trade. For Paris and his colleagues, the explanation is clear. The remains of Moxviquil and Tenam Puente reveal that Classic Period Mayan societies “traded” live dogs. And they were even willing to move them hundreds of kilometers, such as those between the central regions of Chiapas and the north of the Yucatan Peninsula. This not only shows that pre-Columbian peoples had customs not so different from those we maintain in 2026. It also confirms that they created “solid” marketing networks in Mesoamerica. The great unknown. The study de Paris helps us better understand Mayan society (and trade), but it leaves up a fascinating question: Was there any race that was especially valued? To which did the bones located in Chiapas belong? From the University of Calgary they recognize that this is still a mystery that they have not been able to completely clear up. At least for now. Researchers are already working with DNA samples to clarify it, although they have a hypothesis. The anthropologist remembers that the Aztecs had several special races and among them was the Xolotizcuintli (xolo), a dog that can be found in various sizes, but is always characterized by the lack of hair and premolars. “This breed could be present in the Mayan site, since the selective breeding of these dogs causes mutations that give rise to a strange shape in the teeth, a characteristic that many dogs in Chiapas have,” reveals university before remembering that there are indications that dogs were “highly appreciated” creatures among the Mayans. And not only because of what we now know about the distances they traveled or their diet. They are preserved representations in which rulers appear in hammocks with small dogs. Images | Secretariat of Culture of Mexico City (Flickr) 1 and 2 and Alex Azabache (Unsplash) In Xataka | We had always thought that the Mayans disappeared due to an environmental “apocalypse.” Turns out we were wrong

Science has a new magic number (and a golden rule about how to give them)

May 10, 2026 by usatoday24

One of the mantras that has been repeated on numerous occasions is that yes or yes you have to take 10,000 steps a day in order to enjoy good health. Our activity bracelets are partly to blame, since they even give us prizes for reaching this goal or remind us that we have not managed to reach it. But this number was born as a marketing strategy in Japan in the 60s and now science is making more and more nuances with respect to this figure to give more importance to how it works. The study. The most recent evidence we have in this regard is found published in the prestigious magazine The Lancet in July 2025, which combined 57 studies and analyzed 31 different cohorts of people in order to reach the most robust conclusion possible. The results. In short, we can affirm that the mantra of taking 10,000 steps is more than dismantled, since already reaching 7,000 steps a day means having 47% less mortality from any cause, and 25% less risk of suffering from cardiovascular disease compared to those who only take 2,000 steps a day on average. This is what different reference organizations in the world of cardiology also point out, such as the American College of Cardiology, who claim that the health benefit follows a curve in which the biggest drop in mortality risk occurs before reaching 10,000 stepssetting the new goal at 7,000-8,000 steps per day. It’s not worth the walk. For many, all the steps on the physical activity counter are the same, whether they are the first ones in the morning to go to the bathroom or the ones we take while window shopping at the mall. But the reality is that they are not ‘productive’ steps, since to reach these 7,000 steps that do not ensure a reduction in mortality, the intensity of the walk matters much more than the number. How to get here. Here Harvard Health sums it up perfectly aim that walking becomes a moderate aerobic exercise only when we increase the intensity until we notice a higher pulse and more demanding breathing. To get an idea, if we are here, we can put ourselves in the situation where we can still speak, but only in short phrases. If we want to have a figure on the table, we can stick to reaching 100 steps per minute, which can be around 4.5 km per hour if we also want to do it on a treadmill in the gym. It’s important. Doing these steps daily is important, since it has been shown that adequate walking speed is directly linked to a significant reduction in cases of heart attack, stroke and heart failure, especially in people who already suffer from hypertension. Images | Drazen Zigic in Magnific In Xataka | Tell me how fast you walk at 45 and I’ll tell you how your brain ages: The science behind the ‘sixth vital sign’

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