968 euros of savings per year for tenants

In July 2019, almost on the brink of the pandemic, Paris decided to use a measure that the new law French housing: limit climbing of their rents. The idea was very simple. For a few years a pilot program would be applied to prevent the law of the most from prevailing in the market. strong wealthy Almost seven years later and with the future of the initiative surrounded by doubts, France already knows how the experiment has gone: it calculates that rent control has allowed Paris to reduce its rents 5%with a average savings of €85 per month. The experience is interesting for France… and for Spain, which has also opted for control formulas income. Back to rent. Spain is not the only European country that in recent years have tried to regulate (to a greater or lesser extent, with more or less successful) residential rental prices. In 2019, relying on a new law of the real estate sector (ELAN), Paris requested to launch an experimental program to apply certain limits to the escalation of rents. Price control came into force in July of that same year and the idea was that it would be applied for five years, a period during which work would be done with the reference values from the Rental Observatory of the Paris Metropolitan Area (OLAP). To calculate them, aspects such as the location of the homes, their age, whether they are rented with or without furniture or how many rooms they have were taken into account. The measure was extended to both contracts signed from 2019 onwards and those renewed. And how has it been? That is the question that Atelier Parisien d’Urbanisme wants to solve (APUR), an urban agency that a few years ago began to evaluate the effects of price controls in the French capital. His first conclusions came two years ago. Now he has updated them with a new report that reveals a couple of interesting data. The main one is that in six years (between 2019 and 2025) the measure has achieved contain rents by 5%which is equivalent to an annual saving of hundreds of euros for tenants. “The econometric analysis shows that, during the period from July 2019 to June 2025, Parisian rents were, on average, 5% lower than they would have been without the regulation,” notes APUR in your report. “For this period, the average monthly rent observed was 1,519 euros. Without the regulation, it would have reached 1,600, which represents an average saving of 81 euros per month (968 per year) for tenants in Paris.” Another key data: 1,019 euros. He new report APUR uses data from 2025, which allows us to have a more up-to-date ‘photo’ of the impact of the measure. For example, its technicians calculate that in the last year analyzed (July 2024-June 2025) the average income was around 1,632 euros85 euros less than what Paris tenants would be paying if almost seven years ago the city had not opted for price caps. Per year that translates into about 1,019 euros more in the tenants’ pockets. The Parisian agency has detected another curious fact. The moderating effect of prices seems to be felt especially in smaller homes. If on average rents have been contained by 5%, in the case of smaller accommodation (less than 18 m2) the reduction is around 12.4%. The effect softens as the surface area of ​​the home increases, until it is “no longer significant” in the largest ones. It’s no surprise. The ALUR and ELAN laws, from which the Parisian measure draws, made it a priority to moderate the rents of smaller homes. Does it affect the offer? one of the criticism What those who oppose regulation often argue is that, by controlling rents, owners are discouraged from putting their homes on the market. That is to say, the measure may serve to contain the rise in prices, but it does so at the cost of suffocating supply and reducing the available apartments. After studying the sector, APUR technicians have concluded that this is not true. “No lasting deterioration in the supply of rental housing can be attributed to the rent control system,” collect the report. In fact the clearer oscillations The number of apartments announced is not explained by regulation, but by factors outside the market, such as the pandemic or the 2024 Olympic Games. Is everything positive? No. The study also reveals that, although the program has been in force for almost seven years, its scope is still limited and there is a considerable part of the market that manages to avoid price controls. “With 48.6% of ads exceeding the regulatory threshold in the last period analyzed (July 2024-June 2025), the untapped potential remains considerable,” slide APUR. What’s more, those responsible estimate that if all landlords complied with the regulations, the moderating effect on prices would not be 5%, but almost double, around 10%. Beyond France. APUR’s analysis is important for France, where Paris (and the rest of 70 municipalities who have opted for rent control) risks the measure ending next novemberbut also for other EU countries that have considered regulating their markets. In Spain, without going any further, the Government promoted a system of ‘stressed market areas’ which allows restrictions to be applied to rent increases. Although it is estimated that the measure already reaches more than nine million of tenants, does not extend to the entire country. The law states that it is the autonomous communities that must request the declaration of a ‘tensioned zone’, something that Catalonia has donebut what regions such as Madrid either Balearics. Images | Alexander Kagan (Unsplash) and John Towner (Unsplash) In Xataka | A silent phenomenon is brewing in Madrid: people who go to live in Valladolid and return to work by train

The CEO of Ryanair is clear about why there are more and more drunks on its flights

Ryanair CEO Michael O’Leary has called for airports stop serving alcohol before early morning flights. According to their argument, bad behavior on board does not stop growing and they think that through this initiative they would not have to divert their flights due to the behavior of some passengers. A growing problem. “If I go back ten years, we had maybe one deviation a week. Now we are close to one a day,” counted O’Leary himself told The Times. According to data from the British Civil Aviation Authority (CAA), airlines record around 400 more disruptive incidents per year than before the pandemic. Why airports have wide beams. Unlike conventional bars and restaurants, establishments within the UK boarding zones are exempt from time restrictions that regulate the sale of alcohol in the rest of the country. That means they can open and serve drinks at any time, including five or six in the morning. “I don’t understand why anyone serves beer at that time. Who needs to drink at five in the morning?” continued O’Leary. What Ryanair asks for. The Irish airline has been demanding a limit of two drinks per passenger at airports for years, something that, according to O’Leary, the company itself already applies on board its planes. Now it goes one step further and requires that airports respect the same alcohol sales schedules that apply to other establishments. Their idea is that this limit be linked to the boarding pass, to make control more effective. “Those who do not act responsibly, those who profit, are the airports that have those bars open at five or six in the morning and that, during delays, are happy to serve all the alcohol they want because they know that they export the problem to the airlines,” counted the manager in the middle. Furthermore, O’Leary also points out drug use as the main aggravating factor. The most affected routes. According to account The Times, the flights with the highest incidence of problematic behavior are those that connect the United Kingdom with leisure destinations such as Ibiza, Alicante or Tenerife. Routes from Ireland and Poland also experience frequent problems. What the law says. Being drunk on a plane is a crime in the United Kingdom, punishable by fines of up to £5,000 and two years in prison. If things go further and force the airline to divert the flight, the economic consequences can reach 80,000 pounds (which is make a Melendi in every rule). Ryanair has already taken legal action against passengers who caused diversions. According to the media, in January of last year he filed a lawsuit in Ireland against a traveler claiming 15,000 euros for a diverted flight on the Dublin-Lanzarote route. The risks are real. “Until someone causes an accident that causes a plane crash with hundreds of deaths, no government will take this problem seriously. And the airlines are desperate,” counted O’Leary to The Times. Other companies such as Jet2 are also pushing to create a national database that would allow troublesome passengers to be banned from all British airlines. AirportsUK, the organization that brings together the country’s airports, defends that they already work together with the rest of the sector through awareness campaigns. Cover image | Niels Baars and BENCE BOROS In Xataka | European airlines are taking advantage of the Iran crisis to accelerate something old: making your trip even more complicated.

In three days, Russia celebrates its Victory Day. And Ukraine has a surprise prepared 1,500 kilometers away

In May 1987, a young 19-year-old German pilot named Mathias Rust He managed to cross a good part of Soviet airspace with a small civilian plane and land next to Red Square. without being stopped. The episode caused enormous humiliation for the USSR because it showed that even the heart of Moscow could be reached in ways that no one expected. Countdown to Putin’s big parade. Russia prepares for May 9, the most symbolic day of its entire political and military calendar, while Ukraine intensifies a campaign of attacks that seems designed precisely to ruin that sense of control and security. The Kremlin has even announced a unilateral truce for the days of the parade, but kyiv has responded by making it clear that it does not intend to coordinate anything with Moscow and remembering that Russia cannot quietly celebrate Victory Day “without the good will of Ukraine.” The situation is especially uncomfortable for Putin because, for the first time in many years, Moscow faces this date with the feeling that even its capital can become a target. Moscow no longer seems like a completely safe place. The recent attack against a skyscraper luxury hotel located a few kilometers from the Kremlin has been much more than a simple symbolic coup. Ukraine has been trying to bother to Moscow ahead of the May 9 parade, but this time the message comes in a different context: Russia has reduced the size of the event, eliminated some of the heavy military deployment and greatly reinforced the defenses around the capital for fear of new drones. Meanwhile, Zelensky has hinted directly that Moscow fears seeing drones flying over Red Square during the parade, something unthinkable just a few years ago and extremely delicate for a celebration designed precisely to project power and control. The big news is the distance. The most important change in this phase of the war is happening far beyond Moscow. Ukraine is managing to attack industrial cities and military bases located more than 1,500 kilometers from the front, reaching regions of the Urals that for decades were considered a safe rear even in Soviet times. Cities like Yekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk or Perm begin to experience airport closuresinternet restrictions and attacks against refineriesmilitary installations or industrial infrastructures. The psychological impact is enormous because many of these areas experienced the war as something distant until just a few months ago. New missiles and drones are changing the rules. The appearance of the transonic missile F-5 Flamingo reflects the extent to which Ukraine is transforming its deep strike capability. kyiv claims to have used this system to destroy a factory Russian military about 1,500 kilometers away, a facility linked to components for missiles, aviation and naval systems. Beyond the specific damage, what is important is the trend: Ukraine no longer depends solely on improvised drones or isolated attacks, but is beginning to build a sustained capacity to hit strategic infrastructure deep inside Russia. The jam-resistant navigation systems, extreme range and possible integration of Western technology clearly show that kyiv is trying to make Russian territorial depth much less useful than it was at the start of the war. The Soviet rearguard in doubt. Plus: there is a huge historical burden in the places that Ukraine is attacking. During the Second World War, much of the Soviet industry was moved to the Urals precisely because they were considered territories impossible to reach from Europe. Cities like Chelyabinsk became known as “Tankograd” because of the concentration of military factories far from the front. Now, eighty years later, Ukrainian drones and missiles are demonstrating that that strategic depth no longer guarantees security. What once required bombers and huge air campaigns can now be achieved with long-range drones and relatively cheap missiles capable of traversing thousands of kilometers. Avoid vulnerability on its most important day. Because he May 9 parade It is not just any ceremony for Russia. It is the great annual showcase of Russian military power, the event where the Kremlin connects the Soviet victory over Nazi Germany with Putin’s current political legitimacy. That is precisely why it is so sensitive that Ukraine is increasing pressure just before the event. Russia is shooting down hundreds of drones around Moscow and strengthening security of the capital while trying to avoid any image of chaos during a day observed by foreign leaders and broadcast throughout the country. The problem for the Kremlin is that Ukraine has already managed to install a most uncomfortable idea: even more than 1,500 kilometers from the front, there is no longer a complete sense of refuge, and that includes beyond the Urals. Image | Fire Point In Xataka | Today in “the war in Ukraine beyond all comprehension”: drone pilots are training with ‘Grand Theft Auto’ In Xataka | Ukraine has barely captured any North Korean soldiers. The reason is brutally simple: they prefer to immolate themselves

all the changes and improvements of the latest update of the Android version for the Samsung Galaxy

Samsung already has officially launched the stable version of One UI 8.5the new version of its customization layer for Android. At the moment this version It has already arrived in South Korea, and it is expected that in a short time it will also begin to reach other countries in the world. We are going to tell you what are the new features that have arrived in this version, which has initially arrived for the Galaxy S25, S25+ and S25 Ultraand it is expected to also reach other terminals such as Galaxy Z Fold7 and Galaxy Z Flip7 or the Galaxy S25 FE. This is how Samsung makes money: the secret is in the IPHONE What’s new in One UI 8.5 Here we leave you a list of the new features that have been included in One UI 8.5, which is based on Android 16 QPR2. And be careful because They are not minor newsand it has arrived packed with interesting changes. Customizable quick settings panel: The panel buttons are now adjustable, and you can rearrange both the icons and the layout of the panel elements. Native App Lock: You will be able to protect apps without having to duplicate them, although you will still be able to use the secure folder, now it will no longer be mandatory. 3D icons: Added a 3D effect to system icons. audio cleaner: Artificial intelligence will be used to improve audio processing and eliminate background noise so that voices are clearer in recordings. Scientific Calculator in Portrait Mode: Something peculiar. A calculator designed for students and professionals is added. More AI improvements: Here and there are various AI improvements, such as suggestions and various types of user optimizations. Dynamic screen clock: The lock screen clock now adjusts better depending on your wallpaper, to give it a personal touch by creating visual harmony between elements. Redesign of the Telephone app: It has a more modern look and a cleaner interface. Visual interferences have been removed, but essential functions have been maintained. File management improvements: The app is updated my filesimproving your organization and recovery. You can reorganize them based on the source of origin (downloads, shared files, camera, etc.), the workflow is improved, and you can easily locate files to recover them faster. Improvements in the weather app: New animations and improvements to the data visualization have been added to make it clearer and more accessible. It also has compatibility with older devices. Animations improvement: All operating system animations have been polished, especially in transitions between lock screen and desktop. How to update to One UI 8.5 To update your mobile to this new version, first you must wait until May 11which is when it is expected to start arriving in this part of the world. That’s when you can search for the update and download it. To do this, you have to go to the settings and enter the section Software update. Once inside, click on Download and installand here you will go to a screen where you can check for operating system updates.

Tolkien was very clear about who played the real hero in ‘The Lord of the Rings’, and it was not any of the protagonists

There is a question that the majority of the Tolkien fandom has not addressed with complete rigor, possibly because the answer seems obvious: who is the true hero of ‘The Lord of the Rings‘? It seems obvious. Frodo or Aragorn, right? One bears the Ring, another leads the armies. But Tolkien himself asked that question in life and in writing, and the answer is neither. By letter. In a letter dated April 16, 1956, and addressed to a reader named H. Cotton Minchin, Tolkien described Samwise Gamgee as more than just Frodo’s faithful companion. He described him as the reflection of the common English soldier (the privates and the batmenpersonal assistants to the officers, whom he met during the First World War, and whom he said he considered “far superior to myself”). The letter, whose existence was documented in detail by researcher John Garthis not the only one in which Tolkien talks about Sam. To the barricades. According to further investigations who have related the impact of the First World War to Middle-earth, the relationship between Frodo and Sam reproduces with remarkable fidelity the dynamic between an officer and his personal assistant in the British army of the time. You make the decisions; the other carries the equipment, cooks, stands guard and, if necessary, rescues. The name “Gamgee”, in fact, comes from a real Edwardian doctor, Sampson Gamgee, inventor of a surgical material used during the war. Tolkien always admitted that the men who impressed him most in war were not the officers, but the common soldiers. This is how he describes it: My “Samwise” is, in fact (as you point out), largely a reflection of the English soldier, grafted on the village boys of yesteryear, in the memory of the private soldiers and my assistants that I met in the war of 1914, and whom I considered far superior to myself. More missives. In the so-called Letter 131, addressed to the editor Milton Waldman and first published in ‘The Letters of JRR Tolkien’ in 1981, Tolkien goes further. There he calls Sam the “main hero” of the work. And he adds that the “rustic and simple” love between Sam and Rosie is not a decorative detail, but a structural element of the story: the tension between ordinary life and the great epic. An expanded edition of the letters published in 2023 reflects on the ideas about the moral architecture of its history, and clearly distinguished between those who carry the weight of the adventure and those who sustain it. Around with the Ring. The One Ring operates on ambitionoffers power to whoever wants it. Boromir falls. Saruman falls. Galadriel, one of the most powerful beings in Middle-earth, declines to touch him because she knows what it would do to him. Frodo fails to destroy it. Sam, on the other hand, wears the Ring for a brief period in the Towers of Cirith Ungol and returns it without hesitation, because what Sam really wants is not power, it is to return home. The hero. And his traditionally heroic moment comes with Shelob, the giant spider, the clearest turning point in Sam’s arc. When Frodo falls apparently dead, Sam takes Sting and Galadriel’s Flail and confronts a creature from which the Elves recoiled. He wins because there is no other option for him. And later, when Frodo can no longer walk, Sam literally carries him. At the end of the story, Sam returns to the Shire, marries Rosie, has children, and becomes mayor for seven consecutive terms. He gets the life he always wanted: heroism without ambition receives the fullest reward. This is how Tolkien himself defines it: I think the simple ‘rustic’ love of Sam and his Rosie (nowhere elaborated) is absolutely essential to the study of his (the main hero’s) character, and to the theme of the relationship between ordinary life (breathing, eating, working, procreating) and quests, sacrifice, causes and ‘longing for the Elves’, and pure beauty. In Xataka | A demographer has spent weeks solving a very important question: how many people lived in Tolkien’s Middle Earth

After the hottest April since there are records, AEMET already foresees the following change: days of “winter atmosphere”

After an unprecedented April in Spain (with temperatures more than three degrees above the average of the last 40 years), the Atlantic has decided to complicate our lives. In the coming days, a deep storm will move from the area around Iceland towards our coordinates, causing a sharp thermal drop between Saturday, May 9 and Monday, May 11. Are we facing a “cold wave” in May? No, nothing like that. We are not even facing something exceptional. Maritime polar air advections are a common pattern in Spanish springs. The strange thing is not the arrival of cold, the strange thing is how warm the air we have right now is. That is to say, we are going to notice the thermal dropYeah; but more because the temperatures are abnormally high (and we have become accustomed to them) than because the storm is colder than usual. It’s not her, it’s us. And here is the problem. As far as we know, climate change does not increase the frequency of polar irruptions in May, but it does increase their potential damage by advancing flowering, budding and fruit set. The paradox arises that exactly the same cold as any previous year can generate enormous destruction. What can we expect? Wednesday 6: The DANA that has been giving us problems so far this week is on its way to reintegrating into general circulation and is moving towards France. Thursday 7 – Friday 8: Here a new cold storm comes into action that will hit the west of Portugal, causing some days that are “very warm for the season”, according to AEMET. Friday the 8th: An associated Atlantic front will advance towards the Peninsula and we will begin to see its effects in the form of storms throughout the north. The accumulated ones will not be very large, but they will not be anecdotal either. Saturday 9 – Sunday 10: The party starts here. The storm will fully reach the Peninsula and, after a warm Thursday and Friday, the temperature drop will be abrupt. Tiempo.com talks about a thermal drop between 8 and 10 degrees. Starting Monday the 11th: With the available data, it seems reasonable to expect the cold environment to last a few more days. However, it is early to say. What AEMET says. The Agency It doesn’t say ‘polar’ at any point.but its characterization is very clear: speaks of the episode as a change from “high temperatures for the season” to “winter atmosphere” in a matter of 24-48 hours. It is very difficult to overcome the very strange month of January that we are experiencing, but 2026 is willing to try. Image | BenBaso In Xataka | The current that warms Europe will weaken by 51% before the end of the century. And Spain, according to experts, is already beginning to notice

The brutal crisis of ViñaRock in one year is explained in an empty venue

The ViñaRock audience debacle is no longer a secret: the clear highlight of the edition, the Sex Pistols (or the group that today bears that name, without the band’s classic vocalist, Johnny Rotten, at the helm), played in front of around 100,000 people. A year earlier, the same event had brought together 240,000 attendees. ViñaRock is the main victim of the crisis unleashed by the financing of several Spanish festivals by Israeli investment funds. The vindication, part of its DNA. ViñaRock was born in Villarrobledo in 1996 with a very specific profile: combative rock, affordable prices and alternative spirit. This differentiated it from other macro events and also favored the approach of the public and bands with very explicit political positions leaning to the left. It did not take long for it to grow until it became one of the main festivals in Spain under the motto ‘Neither God, nor country, nor king’, becoming the largest of its kind. In 2025 it brought together 240,000 people and generated 22 million euros economic impact in the region. The numbers of 2026. The public number of attendees was 100,000 in three days, less than half that in 2025. The organization presented it as a relative successalthough the economic impact falls: of the 22 million generated in 2025, around 11 million will remain. To compensate for the lower external influx, the festival allowed access by the residents of Villarrobledo through its registration program, a formula that for years reserve tickets at starting price for residents of the municipality before the general sale. In the 2026 edition, this preferential access had more weight than ever, and the result was something that in networks It has been closer to the classic image of a patron saint festival, more than a classic rock festival. How it started. In May 2025. El Salto published an investigationrevealing that Kohlberg Kravis Roberts (KKR), an American venture capital fund, had acquired in 2024 the promoter Superstruct Entertainment for around 1,400 million euros. Superstruct manages nearly 80 festivals around the world and, in Spain, it has more than twenty events under its umbrella, such as Sónar, Arenal Sound, FIB, Resurrection Fest, O Son do Camiño, Monegros Desert Festival or ViñaRock. The crisis came when it became known that KKR maintains positions in Israeli cybersecurity companiesis the main investor of the German media group Axel Springer (which has real estate activity in occupied Palestinian territoriessomething contrary to international law) and its president for the Middle East moved in May 2025 to the Civil-Military Coordination Center run by US army officials in Israel. For many regular bands on the circuit, it was a very difficult issue to ignore. Cancellations begin. The rap-metal group Sons of Aguirre & Scila was among the first to formalize the boycott: in a statement announced that he would not participate in any festival in the KKR orbit again until the owners changed. They were soon joined by Fermín Muguruza, Los de Marras, Sinkope, No Konforme, Residente, Judeline and Samantha Hudson, among others. The ViñaRock tried to do damage controlreaffirming their artistic independence, condemning the situation in Palestine and announcing legal action against what they considered a smear campaign. New poster. In February 2026 It was made public that the festival had been acquired by Orange Alive, and an attempt was made to rebuild the 2026 edition practically from scratch. It didn’t help much, because that same month it was made public that They were still linked to Superconstruct. The poster featured groups such as the Sex Pistols with Frank Carter, Turbonegro, Skindred, Celtas Cortos, Medina Azahara, Kiko Veneno and Barón Rojo. The tickets started at 39.99 euros, notably lower than previous editions, and the videos on social networks left images of the events for posterity. half empty stages. He’s not the only one. The ViñaRock crisis is far from being the only one: the concentration of festivals in the hands of large financial groups is a consolidated trend in the live entertainment industry. Other festivals in the Superstruct orbit may face similar reactions from the public and groups, although Resurrection Fest, similar in nature to ViñaRock, broke attendance record shortly after the controversy broke out. Quite possibly, ViñaRock has been affected by both the boycott and the little time it had to restructure its lineup after the defections. Header | Vinarock In Xataka | If your favorite band has left Spotify, don’t be surprised: they are boycotting their CEO’s warring investments

steal talent from Ouigo and Iryo

Hundreds of train drivers are looking for a position at Renfe. This is to be expected after the company announced the opening of a call to hire 550 new machinists, within its replacement plan and with the aim of expanding its workforce. Although there is no concrete data on the impact on Ouigo and Iryo, previous calls anticipate a flight of workers to the Spanish company. 550 seats. This is the number of train drivers that Renfe expects to hire in the coming months. The call is already underway and is part of a larger employment plan with which it is expected to hire a total of 2,000 workers. The deadline to register ended in March and the process consists of three phases. In the first, it will be verified that the minimum requirements are met and the merits of the candidates will be assessed. The second phase consists of an in-person test and, finally, the third will be a test in a simulator. A flight of train drivers. It is the fear that Ouigo and Iryo can have. Both companies offer higher salaries than Renfe but the stability of a publicly owned company is still very attractive. In fact, it is not the first time that there has been a massive transfer of these companies to the Spanish side. In 2023, Ouigo and Iryo saw how a third of its staff He joined Renfe’s lists, according to the CNMC, after a call to hire new train drivers. This led the regulator to require Renfe to notify of these calls to their rivals a month and a half in advance before making them public and they cannot incorporate new workers into the workforce until three months after the resolution of the process, with the aim that these companies have enough time to replace the possible departure of their machinists. Because? The flight of train drivers is not a question of money. Or, at least, it is not in the short term. And the Spanish company’s machinists earn less starting money than in rival companies, but their future projection does promise more attractive salaries. Furthermore, it must be taken into account that both Ouigo and Iryo can never offer the same stability as Renfe for years to come. And the Spanish company has a greater number of vacancies available throughout the country and, furthermore, it is a public service so You will have to be present no matter what, wherever this obligation binds you.. How much does a machinist earn? As we said, an “entry train driver”, as new train drivers are described, earn less money on Renfe if we talk about base salary. According to the signed agreementa driver starts at 21,973.56 euros to which must be added a supplement of 1,286.64 euros per year for the “driving” concept and another 192.99 euros under the training category. These figures make up a base salary of about 23,500 euros per year to which must be added travel allowances to the place of residence and for minutes worked. Those minutes are paid more expensively the more minutes they have been used. For its part, an Iryo cobra machinistbase, 23,374.78 euros. To this figure we must add a bonus for minutes worked, as in the case of Renfe, or kilometers traveled. If we talk about Ouigothe base salary in this case is 18,000.00 euros and is increased to 21,693.00 euros with two years of seniority, to which bonuses such as days away from home or overtime must be added. It’s not just money. Union representatives point out The Country that the salary differences in favor of the private company (the bonuses are paid better and, therefore, they charge more from the start) are not being sufficient to compete with Renfe since the latter also allows the choice between Medium Distance or Cercanías trains and high-speed trains, so the possibilities within the company are greater. In addition, seniority weighs heavily in the Spanish company, which is why it rises quickly in the salary tables. These improvements due to seniority are reflected in the base salary but, in addition, the bonuses also grow as they add years to the company. So, a level A chief engineer (the highest range) is close to 60,000 euros gross before applying the bonuses for minutes worked. A first (and expensive) filter. Of course, aspiring to be part of the staff of Renfe or any other company in the sector is not easy. Obviously, the new driver must have the required qualifications that are obtained through theoretical and practical tests. But perhaps the biggest filter comes from economic limitations. And the courses to acquire these skills are expensive. The one from Renfe, specifically, It lasts one year and is offered for 21,200 euros. Photo | Andre Marques In Xataka | Iryo already knows what the cost of competing with Renfe on the AVE lines is: losing tens of millions of euros

your modules are corroding

The Lunar Gateway, the lunar station in orbit that It was intended to be used as a strategic stop on trips to our satellite, it has suffered many delays since its manufacturing began. Today, after the withdrawal of financing from the United States Government, it is canceled. But even so it continues to give something to talk about. The latest conflict around it has arisen after it was shown that two important modules that were already manufactured and ready for launch have corroded. If the plan had remained on track, this would have been one more headache. In fact, it is equally so. The facts. After the cancellation of the initial project, the company in charge of launching the two habitable modules of the Lunar Gateway has asked NASA to reuse it in the bases that are planned to be built on the lunar surface. The response of Jared Isaacman, the administrator of the space agency, It was making public a somewhat unpleasant problem. The metal of both modules has been corroded. How are they going to use them in those conditions? The company responsible, Northrop Grumman, has not denied it, but it has removed all blame, accusing another company of what happened. According to them, it was the work of Thales Alenia Space, a Franco-Italian company that was commissioned to build the main structure of these modules. Thales shows its face. Initially, the company in question did not respond to the accusations. However, a few days later, in a press release, have recognized the problem. They assure that a “well-known metallurgical behavior” has been detected in both modules and that they plan to solve it by the third quarter of 2026. They add that it is not a big problem, since something similar was detected in some modules of the International Space Station during its construction and that, after solving it, they continue to function without problems. That metallurgical behavior must be their fancy way of talking about corrosion. They haven’t mentioned this much more unpleasant word, but they seem to recognize the problem. NASA doesn’t trust. At the moment, it does not appear that NASA intends to wait for Thales to solve the problem in the third quarter. In his statements to the press, Isaacman recalled that if the Lunar Gateway had gone ahead, this problem would have delayed the launch, scheduled for 2026. It would possibly have been postponed until 2030. It would have been a serious inconvenience, so they do not believe that now it is worth trusting that it will be easily solved. Lunar Gateway Halo Module a cursed station. Lunar Gateway has suffered many delays since the project was launched. Initially, a first component aimed at obtaining energy and propulsion was going to be launched in 2022. Later, NASA decided that it was more efficient to send it together with the first habitable module. That delayed the first launch until 2024. However, there were a series of problems related to the calculation of the mass of both components and, in order to solve it, the launch was delayed until 2026. The Trump Government saw that a lot of time was being wasted and a lot of money was spent, while China took steps towards the Moonso he chose to withdraw funding from the project. In March 2026 its cancellation was announced. And now what? Initially, in Artemis III and in the program’s later missions The Lunar Gateway would be used to dock both the lander and the capsule with the astronauts. There, the two crew members destined for landing would go from one ship to the other. Now, however, it is planned to dock both vehicles directly in orbit, without the need for a lunar station. NASA’s goalsInstead, they focus on building a base directly on the surface of the Moon starting in 2028. But there’s still plenty of time left for that. First, we will have to check if everything is going well in 2027. What is clear is that, given what we have seen, there is not much faith in recycling the Lunar Gateway habitable modules. As much as Northrop regrets it. Image | NASA | Northrop Grumman In Xataka | We have not yet colonized the Moon and we have already filled it with garbage: there are even abandoned golf balls

Japan has just crossed a line that it has not crossed since World War II. China has responded with supersonic missiles

At the beginning of the 20th century, during the battle of tsushimathe Russian imperial fleet took more than seven months to circle half the planet to confront Japan. The result was so disastrous and fast that several powers suddenly understood an idea: in the Asia-Pacific, controlling the sea could decide the global balance long before a total war began. Supersonic missiles off the US and Japan. It we count last week. The South China Sea is becoming a huge military board where Beijing wants to make it clear that it is willing to answer directly to any attempt to surround its area of ​​influence. While the United States, the Philippines and Japan develop the largest Balikatan maneuvers of recent years, China has now responded by sending H-6 bombers armed with YJ-12 supersonic missilesJ-16 fighters equipped with anti-ship missiles and several naval groups around Luzon and Scarborough Shoal. The message is difficult to ignore: Beijing wants to show that it can deploy air and naval force heavy right in front of a military bloc led by Washington and Tokyo without abandoning the initiative in the region. Already looks like a war rehearsal around Taiwan. The Balikatan maneuvers have changed enormously in recent years. What were once relatively conventional exercises between the United States and the Philippines have morphed into focused simulations in maritime settingsattacks against major adversaries and possible conflicts around Taiwan and the South China Sea. The full participation of Japanese forces and the presence of ships from Australia and Canada reflect the extent to which Washington is trying to build a regional network capable of responding to China in the event of a crisis. Beijing interprets it as a direct threatespecially since several of these maneuvers take place near routes and positions that China considers essential to protect its access to the Pacific. Japan has crossed a symbolic line. A few hours ago one of the movements that most irritated Beijing during the maneuvers took place, and it was not only the American presence, but the increasingly active role of Japan. for the first time since World War IIJapanese forces launched abroad a Type 88 anti-ship missile during military exercises in the Philippines, something that China interprets as a clear sign of Japanese “remilitarization.” Although the missile can be used for defensive purposesBeijing considers that deploying this type of weaponry outside Japanese territory breaks part of pacifist logic that Tokyo maintained for decades after 1945. Furthermore, the context further aggravates the tension: Washington also fired Tomahawk missiles from the Philippines using the Typhon systemcapable of hitting targets hundreds or even thousands of kilometers away, potentially including mainland China itself. For Beijing, the image is disturbing because it reflects how Japan, the Philippines and the United States are beginning to rehearse together a scenario where the Pacific island chains could be transformed into advanced attack platforms and military containment against China. Two armed H-6 bombers fly over Scarborough Reef in an attempt by Beijing to show its superiority to Manila and its allies amid the Balikatan maneuvers and territorial disputes H-6 bombers are no longer simple propaganda. Chinese bomber flights over Scarborough Shoal have become relatively commonbut this time the important detail was the weapons. The H-6 appeared with a greater load of YJ-12 supersonic missiles, specifically designed to attack large ships and naval groups. At the same time, J-16 fighters They escorted the deployment while Chinese ships closely followed the multinational flotilla led by the United States and the Philippines. In other words, Beijing is using these exercises to show something very concrete: in a hypothetical regional conflict, it would try saturate and keep away US naval forces using massive quantities of anti-ship missiles launched from land, aircraft and ships. China is surrounding the Philippines with layers of military pressure. Beyond the bombers, China deployed the combat group of the Liaoning aircraft carrier and various armed surface groups with Type 055 destroyersconsidered some of the most powerful ships in the Chinese Navy. One of these groups carried out live fire exercises east of Luzon, precisely in areas that the United States and the Philippines are studying as possible reinforcement routes in the event of war. The Chinese strategic idea is increasingly evident: convert the Philippine maritime environment into a extremely dangerous area for any US attempt to move troops, supplies or reinforcements towards Taiwan or the South China Sea. Naval warfare is changing because of drones. While showcasing bombers and aircraft carriers, China is also accelerating the adaptation of its navy to a threat that has transformed recent conflicts such as Ukraine or attacks in the Middle East: the drones. In fact, Beijing has just presented a new naval antidrone system capable of intercepting stealth and very low altitude attacks in complex electronic warfare environments. The tests carried out in the Bohai Sea show the extent to which the Chinese Navy assumes that future naval confrontations will not depend only on large ships and missiles, but also on enormous swarms of drones capable of harassing or destroying much more expensive ships. The China Sea is filling with signs. The bomber combination with supersonic missilesnext-generation destroyers, aircraft carriers, artificial bases and anti-drone systems reflects something deeper than simple military exercises. China is preparing an environment where any US intervention around Taiwan or the Philippines would be extremely complexsaturated with aerial, maritime and electronic threats. And the most significant thing is that it is no longer just about propaganda displays: Beijing is testing in the field how to coordinate all those capabilities against real forces from the United States, Japan and their allies in one of the most tense regions on the planet. Image | CCTV In Xataka | The YJ-20 has just entered the scene at the most delicate moment: China has launched its hypersonic missile against the US and Japan In Xataka | China is beating the US with a simple strategy: manufacturing hypersonic missiles at the price of a Tesla

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