explained

WireGuard, OpenVPN and IKEv2 explained without jargon

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Let’s tell you why the protocol you choose is so important in one VPNand we will also explain three of the most important ones in detail. We will talk to you about WireGuard, OpenVPN and IKEv2, which you can find in services such as NordVPN or any of the best vpn serviceseven also in some free vpn. Let’s start by explaining to you what VPN protocols are and why they are so important. And then we will tell you what the protocols offer WireGuard, OpenVPN and IKEv2so you know which one to choose. We will try to explain all this in an easy and understandable way. Why protocol may matter more than other things When choosing a VPN, it is normal to look above all at practical aspects, such as the price of its subscription, the number of servers it offers and how many countries it has them distributed in, and even aspects such as the aesthetics and design of its application. However, We don’t usually pay so much attention to protocols. supported by each service, and it is something important. The protocol is the layer that determines the operation of the VPN itself. The one you choose can directly define aspects such as the speed or encryption strength of the connectionas well as other things like network stability, and how they manage potential network outages or transitions. Therefore, protocol shapes the VPN experience when you use it. There are several modern options here, such as an OpenVPN that offers great security, a WireGuard with faster performance, or IKEv2 that is perfect for mobile users. Which one to choose will depend on how you want to use the network and the purposes at all times. NordVPN with 76% discount The price could vary. We earn commission from these links OpenVPN is the industry standard OpenVPN has been the standard that dominates the VPN industry since its launch in 2001. He is the great veteranthat has enormous value for cybersecurity, since it involves two and a half decades of audits, testing in real environments, and reviews by security researchers around the world. Its main advantage is its flexibilitysince it can be easily configured to work on any port, using both UDP and TCP. This allows the protocol to work against restrictive firewalls, being a very good weapon against Internet censorship, as well as in blocked corporate networks where WireFuard or IKEv2 could be cut. As OpenVPN has among its modes the ability to operate over TCP on port 433, the same port used by normal https web traffic, it is impossible to block it without breaking general browsing. Use encryption AES-256considered indecipherable by current computing standards, so your traffic travels safely so that they don’t spy on what you do. The price to pay is in speed. Because yes, OpenVPN is that perfectly secure and private veteran technology, but it offers a slightly lower browsing speed than other alternatives. WireGuard is modern and fast WireGuard is the most modern protocol of the three we are talking about today, and its great asset is its extreme simplicity. Its source code takes up only about 4,000 lines compared to OpenVPN’s 100,000, and less code means fewer points where something can fail or get stuck, and greater speed. It also makes things much easier for audits. The most interesting part of this protocol is that it prioritizes simplicity and speed, but does not make sacrifices in security. It is open source, so anyone can review and use it, and uses various types of ciphers such as ChaCha20Poly1305 for packet encapsulation in UDP, or various cryptographic algorithms such as Curve25519 for key exchange, ChaCha20 for encryption, Poly1305 for authentication, and BLAKE2s for hashing. It is a carefully chosen selection of technologies. But where this protocol really shines is in speed, being able to reach quadruple OpenVPN connection speed in some configurations. It also maintains low latency in real-time activities, being the best alternative for gaming, streaming content or video conferencing. The only drawback that can be made is that it is not a protocol created for the general public, and that it stores IP addresses on the server during connections. However, most commercial VPNs that use it have created effective solutions, such as double NAT systems or dynamic IP assignment to maintain privacy. IKEv2 is perfect for mobile IKEv2 is a protocol designed for the mobile phone and the real life of conventional users. Specifically for those users who move from one place to another and connect to different networks. Its great asset is the MOBIKE protocol, which keeps the VPN connection active even when you change networks. Come on, if you change from home WiFi to your mobile data, your connection tunnel is maintained without you having to do anything. The other protocols can handle this as well, but MOBIKE was designed specifically for these scenarios. Another of the strong points of this protocol is in your connection timeswhich equals and even exceeds those of the competition’s protocols. Users typically connect within seconds, and reconnections after a network outage occur almost instantly. IKEv2 uses the AES-256-GCM encryption algorithm to offer maximum security. It also uses SHA-2-384 for integrity verification and 3072-bit Diffie-Hellmann keys. This security structure meets the strict requirements of companies and public administrations. In addition, IKEv2 also offers advantages in speed, security and stability. The Achilles heel of this protocol is visibility. It uses fixed ports and specific protocols, so it is easier to block than OpenVPN when faced with aggressive firewalls like those used by some countries to censor the Internet. Therefore, sometimes it doesn’t work well where other protocols do. What protocol to use protocol average speed size of your code time to connect mobile stability firewall bypass OpenVPN Moderate ~600,000 lines 3-5 seconds Good Excellent WireGuard Very fast ~4,000 lines 1-2 seconds Excellent Moderate IKEv2 Fast ~400,000 lines 2-3 seconds Excellent Moderate As you can see, each protocol has its pluses and minusesso there is no easy choice. … Read more

A comedian has explained what the song from ‘The Lion King’ means in Zulu. It was fake and could cost you 27 million

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A Zimbabwean comedian went viral last month after claiming on a podcast that the Zulu phrase that opens the legendary theme song of ‘The Lion King’, ‘Circle of Life’ meant, simply and plainly, “Look, there’s a lion.” However, it was a joke: a false translation. Now the original composer, the South African Lebo M, is demanding $27 million from him in a federal court in Los Angeles. Aaaaa stork. Since 1994, millions of people have hummed “Nants ingonyama bagithi baba” without having the slightest idea of ​​its meaning. The phrase opens ‘Circle of Life’, the song with which ‘The Lion King’and is written in isiZulu and isiXhosa, two of the twelve official languages ​​of South Africa. The official translation used by Disney says: “Everyone hails the king, we bow before his presence.” It’s a Praise Imbongia form of oral royal praise poetry rooted in South African cultural tradition. Author, author. The song composed and performed by Lebohang Morakeknown artistically as Lebo M. Morake lived in exile in Los Angeles during apartheid. Hans Zimmer asked him to contribute his voice and his knowledge of African music to ‘The Lion King’ and the result was that initial scream that, as dawn broke on the savanna and the Disney logo rose, made the hairs on the back of the viewers of the time stand on end. The song was nominated for an Oscar for best original song and a Grammy, although it lost both to another piece from the same film, ‘Can You Feel the Love Tonight’. The false translation. In February, Zimbabwean comedian Learnmore Mwanyenyeka, known as Learnmore Jonasi, appeared on the ‘One54’ podcast. The presenters began to sing the phrase from memory, like every neighbor’s son does. Jonasi stopped them: “That’s not how you sing, don’t destroy our language.” He then offered his translation: “Look, there’s a lion! Oh my God!” When one of the incredulous drivers asked him if he was serious, Jonasi insisted: “That’s exactly what it means.” The clip went viral in a matter of days. The song that seemed like an epic proclamation was actually just pointing to an animal. The demand de Morake acknowledges that “ingonyama” can be literally translated as “lion” in Zulu, but argues that in the context of the Praise Imbongi The word functions as a metaphor for royalty and ancestral authority. Jonasi’s translation would be, in the words of Morake’s lawyers, “a manufactured and trivializing distortion, intended as a crude joke for personal gain.” According to the same legal document, Jonasi has been making this joke in his repertoire for eight years. Who is Jonasi? The comedian, born in Zimbabwe and based in Pittsburgh, rose to fame in 2024 when he placed fifth in that year’s edition of ‘America’s Got Talent’. His comedy usually revolves around the contrasts between his life in Africa and American culture, and part of his regular repertoire includes criticism of the representation of Africa in Hollywood, such as the lions in ‘The Lion King’ having American accents or the baboon Rafiki speaking English with a South African accent. The joke was, in that sense, consistent with his usual discourse of questioning how Disney had treated African culture. Can a joke cost 27 million? The legal key to the whole matter lies in a well-established principle in American law: the First Amendment protects parody and artistic satire, but not false statements presented as true, even if said in a comedic context. Morake’s lawyers argue precisely that: that Jonasi did not present his translation as a joke but “as authoritative fact.” The lawsuit also cites: Jonasi’s attempt to monetize virality through merchandising. The amount requested amounts to more than $20 million in actual damages, plus $7 million in punitive damages. It is alleged to justify it that the viral is directly damaging Lebo M’s professional relationship with Disney and reducing his income from royalties. Disney has not made any statements on the matter. The answer. Jonasi launched a GoFundMe campaign titled ‘Help Learnmore Fight an Unjust Lawsuit‘ with which he has raised more than 16,000 of the 20,000 dollars he asks for. There he says that he never intended to cause harm and that he needs support to “protect his right to speak and tell jokes.” Before that, posted a video on Instagram in which he declared himself a fan of Lebo M’s work and proposed making a video together explaining the real meaning of the song. In networks, the composer responded that Jonasi “crossed a line by insulting African culture and spreading colonialist propaganda.” In Xataka | We all assumed that ‘The Simpsons’ would never end. Now, its showrunner has just confirmed it

The length of “a day” on all the planets in the Solar System, explained in a revealing video of just one minute

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The Universe is full of unknowns for humanity. What’s more, even data that we know ends up being questioned and reformulated, such as: the distances between planets in the solar system. In fact, as a millennial, when I was a child I learned all the planets at once and then I had to forget about Pluto. However, a reasonably solid and most interesting piece of information is How long is a day on a planet in the Solar System?information that on Earth is approximately 24 hours (23 hours and 56 minutes, specifically). This duration is due to the average time it takes our planet to complete a rotation on its own axis, although translation has an influence. Furthermore, it has evolved historically due to the gravitational pull of the Moon. Thus, and in general terms, we can establish that to estimate this duration, factors influence its radius, its orbit and also interactions with other celestial bodies. The reality is that we are facing a non-intuitive pattern with results that defy logic. To solve the question numerically, the popular science channel The Brain Maze has a great video the most agile and visual to clear our doubts with the figures in just one minute: Now we know how much, but it is even more interesting to understand why. As a summary, there are certain general rules that are met: paradoxically the largest planets are those that rotate the fastest and those closest to the Sun have suffered the effects of gravitational tides in such a way that they have slowed down to almost a stop. Although we already told you that there are quite a few anomalies. The counterintuitive pattern for determining how long a day is The Sun and the planets of the solar system. The sizes are to scale, but the distances are not. By Edits by Pepedavila. Source image on Commons edited by Farry, credited by original uploader to “Martin Kornmesser”, and later an anonymous edit re-credited it to “zaria mayers”. – Edit of File:Planets2008.jpg by Farry., Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=20584284 Giant planets have shorter days than the Earth and in short, they spin fast because they grew fast. When the Solar System formed, these early planets accumulated gas and dust with angular momentum. The gas giants captured so much material in a short time that they were able to preserve almost all of that original angular momentum. They go without brakes and it shows: it takes Jupiter less than 10 hours to make a complete revolution on itself, despite the fact that compared to Earth, it is more than 300 times its mass and 11 times larger. With Saturn this also applies, but for Uranus and Neptune the explanation is incomplete: the ice giants also spin fast for the same reason, but their history is much more eventful, either due to collisions or disturbances in the early days. On Mercury and Venus the days become eternal. The rocky planets close to the Sun found a brake in the tides. Mercury is so close to the star that its gravity has dissipated its original rotation over time. If you were on the surface of Mercury looking at the Sun, you would see it stop, move backwards, and move forward again: it is the effect of its elliptical orbit and its slow rotation, compared to its orbital speed. In fact, even has a double dawn in some parts of the planet. Venus is also slowed down by the sun’s gravity, but it also rotates in the opposite direction. Because? Good question, for you, for me and for science in general: it remains a mystery, although there are hypotheses. A curiosity to reinforce the rarities of Venus: a day lasts longer than its own year, it takes 243 Earth days to rotate on itself and only 225 to complete its orbit around the Sun. By the way, the fact that a day on Mars and on Earth lasts practically the same is, according to science, almost certainly a coincidence. This similarity and other factors have fueled for decades the idea that Mars is the ideal candidate to host life. In Xataka | We have been deceived by the distances of the Solar System: the closest neighbor to Neptune is Mercury In Xataka | The true size of all the planets in the Solar System, explained in a clarifying video

8 GB of RAM has gone from $40 to $130 in five months. It is explained in four words: “It is what it is”

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At this point in the film, it no longer escapes us that we are in the midst of a new component crisis. What started with RAM crisis ended up mutating into SSD crisis and any device that has memory or a memory controller. We are in an “unprecedented” situation, said by the companies themselves that manufacture that memory, and although it all started with SSDs and more expensive RAM ‘chips’, now things have escalated. How much? Let’s go with some examples. a rocket. Maybe in Europe they are not the best known, but Framework It is a company that is doing things well. It has a desktop PC, but also something much more interesting: modular laptops. It is not so common to be able to choose all the components of a laptop, and the Framework components do give us that opportunity. The fact is that they are the perfect example to see how the market is. In September they stopped selling standalone RAM modules. They were not the only ones who began to sell computers without memory or with less physical SSD than advertised, but now the next ‘stick’ has arrived: if before 8 GB of RAM cost 40 dollars, now it is 130 dollars. And if you wanted 96 GB of RAM, before it “only” cost you $480… and now you have to shell out $1,340. It’s the market, friend. It is estimated that prices are increasing between 6% and 16% on the company’s equipment. The Framework Desktop 32GB LPDDR5X memory is up $110 since it launched. And the 128 GB one has increased by about $600. The equipment that was already built in the warehouse has not been affected by this, but as the stock runs out, they will inevitably follow the same path. “The price is what it is, unfortunately,” says the CEO of Framework In ArsTechnica we can read that Nirav Patel, CEO of the company, points out that they are trying to solve the problems, but in the end… he is not on his own and the best thing he can do is be transparent. In an interview with BIpoints out that they are looking under the rocks and that if an intermediary tells them “we have found 5,000 RAM modules in a warehouse”, they would buy them without thinking. The problem is accessing new RAM modules… because there aren’t any. Increases. As we say, it is no longer just the RAM that we can see in stores like Amazon, but the components of a computer, a cell phone, a television, a cara modem or… one Raspberry Pi. Since this crisis began, we have talked a lot about how manufacturers were saying that things were tough and it was going to take a while for the market to recover. But the case of Framework helps ground things, and so does Raspberry. Because if Framework uses DDR5 memory, which is the most advanced, Raspberry’s is not the latest generation. However, the company has also had to raise prices. Yes three months ago increased a little, now they have skyrocketed. Its memories are LPDDR4 and the company has published a table that point Because the more RAM your board has, the more the price goes up. Raspberry PI 4 and Raspberry Pi 5 Price increase 1 GB Nothing 2GB 10 dollars 4GB 15 dollars 8GB 30 dollars 16 GB 30 dollars Out of the race. In the end, it all depends on the price of the device. In a 4,000 euro computer that you need for professional work, you have no choice but to pay about 600 more to expand the RAM. But on cheaper equipment, the feeling is that it has a much greater impact. This is the case of the Raspberry. In a 120 euro device like the Raspberry Pi 5 of 16 GB, an increase of 60 euros is stupid. And as the situation lasts a long time, that will be the big problem for many software manufacturers. Apple just present new laptops and the iPhone 17e and, in Spain at least, the price has remained the same. This has not happened in other countries such as the United States, seeing strong increases in some models. Apple, Lenovo, Dell… are companies that have already said that things are bad and the users will have to bear the cost. But there are also voices that point out that not all companies can allow their users to be the ones who ‘swallow’ with the situation. From SMICChina’s large foundry, has already pointed out that there will be hardware companies that will be left out of the game. We are already seeing it: the cheap mobile is suffering the consequences and the Chinese Meizu, which wanted to eagerly return to the Western market, is already backing down. 2027 2028. Valve and its Steam Machine is another example: the console should come out this spring, but not only is there no price, but it is not known when it will arrive. And when will the end of this catastrophic situation be? It’s the million dollar question. Patel comments that the relief will begin in early 2028, a date similar to what other parts of the industry are managing. However, Jensen Huang, CEO of NVIDIA, has already warned that the AI ​​race He has seven or eight years leftand just now they have begun to commission TSMC to begin mass manufacturing of Vera Rubin, their next-generation acceleration platform. It is something that needs memory and only Samsung and SK Hynix (two of the big three RAM companies) are able to supply it right now. In the end, it is about going day by day in this new crisis, but everything indicates that if we need something, it is better to buy it as soon as possible because ifamsung, Micron and SK Hynix they are not doing consumption memoryprices will rise more and more over the next few months. Images | Raspberry, Framework In Xataka | SK is one … Read more

The extreme stress of the Spanish water network explained from within

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The images have flooded social networks this weekend: the Aldeadávila dam “turbinating at full capacity” with the Duero river descending with enormous force, or the Iznájar reservoir recovering its splendor in a matter of days. They are hypnotic images that hide a much more tense and calculated reality. While the citizen sees natural spectacles, the engineers see a fight against the disaster. In the midst of this “festival” of storms that has shaken the peninsula this month of February, One phrase sums up the situation better than any other. It is pronounced by José María Sanz de Galdeanodirector of Hydrological Planning and Works of the Basque Water Agency (URA): “The dams were not designed for floods, but today they are key to cushioning them.” These infrastructures, designed decades ago so that water comes out when you turn on the tap or to turn on the light, have become—almost by historical accident—the last line of defense between the perfect storm and the safety of the populations downstream. A winter concentrated in a few days. To understand the magnitude of the event, we must first look at the Basque Country, where the orography and intense rains have tested the system. As explained by Sanz de Galdeano in the SER ChainEuskadi has faced a winter marked by episodes of very intense rain concentrated in very few days. The situation has forced the activation of the two major Basque regulatory systems. On the one hand, the Zadorra system composed of the Ullibarri-Gamboa reservoir and the Urrunaga dam. On the other hand, the Añarbe system is responsible for supplying the Donostialdea area. It is not a local phenomenon. It is a symptom of a broader hydrometeorological pattern that has affected the entire peninsula. While in the Tormes system, reservoirs like Santa Teresa are close to 80% and release water preventively to defend the city of SalamancaIn the south the situation has been even more drastic. In Andalusia, the Iznájar reservoir—the giant of the community— has doubled its reserves in just two weeks, going from a critical 25% to exceeding 50%, something that had not been seen in a decade. The intensity has been such that the AEMET even warned of scenarios of soil saturation with impacts “some of the highest in the world”, causing water to gush directly from the ground in places like Grazalema (Cádiz). forcing preventive evacuations. From supply to “lamination”. The relevant thing about these weeks is not only that it has rained, but how we have managed that rain. Sanz de Galdeano puts his finger on the sore: “These infrastructures were built primarily for water supply, not specifically to laminate avenues.” However, its immense storage capacity has made it possible to change its function on the fly. Dams have acted as giant shock absorbers. “They have sufficient volume to play with reserves, create space and retain water at the most critical moments,” says the director of URA. Sanz de Galdeano’s warning has scientific support. A study on the effectiveness of dams in the face of climate change confirms that infrastructure designed with “historical data” They are operating blind to the new reality. Old models did not account for this extreme variability; under severe warming scenarios, the risk of large dams overflowing could multiply by up to 17 compared to historical records. The conclusion is technical but terrifying: the effectiveness of a dam decreases dramatically under extreme hydrological regimes if adaptive management is not applied. This excess water has had an unexpected side effect on the energy market: Spain’s “battery” it’s so loaded (117% more stored hydroelectric energy than last year) that nuclear energy is no longer competitive. The Trillo plant, for example, has been disconnected from the grid because, given such an abundance of turbineable water, the numbers simply “did not add up.” Choreography of floodgates. The precision mathematics that decides how much water reaches your home. The management of these crises is a precision choreography that Sanz de Galdeano graphically defines as working “with one eye on the river and another on the sky.” The technical key lies in the “reservoir”: the empty space that is deliberately left in the reservoir before the rain arrives in order to swallow the flood. The director of URA details how it is applied this differently depending on the capacity of each system: In the Zadorra (High regulation): These dams control 60% of the upstream basin. This allows for drastic intervention. The figures from Sunday night are the best example: 260 cubic meters per second of furious water entered the system, but the floodgates only let out 54. That difference (more than 200 m³/s retained) is the flood that was avoided. In Añarbe (Less regulation): Here the dam only controls 23% of the basin. Most of the river water circulates freely, so there is less room for maneuver. Even so, the strategy is the same: when the river goes high, floodgates are closed to retain “as much as possible.” All this is done under administrative coordination complex but fluid between URA, the Ebro Hydrographic Confederation and that of the Cantabrian Sea. Not all barriers are the same. In this context of saving dams, a reasonable question arises: why then are some dams on Basque rivers being demolished? Sanz de Galdeano makes a crucial distinction between large regulatory infrastructures and small weirs. “These are not large infrastructures like those of Zadorra, but rather low-rise structures that have no real capacity to manage avenues,” he clarifies. The elimination of these small obstacles responds to two logics: Environmental: they allow fish and fauna to ascend the river, improving ecological health. Hydraulics: Although it may seem contradictory, these small walls can raise the water table in local floods, worsening the problem instead of solving it. However, large dams have their own silent enemy: sediment. Experts and organizations like Greenpeace warn that torrential rains They drag tons of mud that accumulate at the bottom of the reservoirs, subtracting their real capacity (that “hole” that Galdeano spoke of) and … Read more

In 1957 the BBC explained that Italians picked their spaghetti from “pasta trees.” And millions of Britons believed it

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On April 1, 1976, Patrick Moore He entered the BBC Radio 2 morning show to comment on a curious astronomical phenomenon that was about to take place. He explained that, just at 9:47 that morning, Jupiter and Pluto would align with the Earth, producing a gravitational effect that would predictably be noticed throughout the planet. According to Moore, the most (re)known astronomer in England at the time, those who jumped at that precise moment would notice a brief but significant sensation of weightlessness. Just after 9:47 the BBC lines were jammed with people saying that, indeed, they had observed this decrease in gravity. The only problem is that it was all a joke. On April 1 (‘april fool’s day‘) is the Anglo-Saxon equivalent of our April Fool’s Day and Moore’s action was, indeed, an April Fool’s joke. A very successful prank: a woman even claimed that she and eleven other friends had been “dragged from their chairs and orbits gently around the room” as a result of the gravitational phenomenon. In 2008, the British network announced that a colony of flying penguins on King George Islandvery close to Antarctica. In fact, they made a video as you may have seen above. Another very funny one was the ’57 documentary about the “pasta trees” from which the Italians collected spaghetti. the dragons return The BBC has a long history of dabbling with pranks and science, but they’re not the only ones: to the now traditional BJM joke numberwe can add very funny jokes like NASA’s cow spacesuit, the Stonehege forgery by Martínez Ron or the one Nature published in 2015 about the existence of dragons. “Emerging evidence indicates that dragons can no longer be dismissed as creatures of legend and fantasy, and that anthropogenic effects on the global climate may be paving the way for the resurgence of these beasts,” they said in Nature. And, hey, it sounded like a great argument against climate change. In ’96, Discover Magazine published a long report about a new fundamental particle in physics, the bigon, and it was the size of a bowling ball. According to scientists, the only factor that prevents us from identifying them is that they only exist for a millionth of a second. The article ended on a wonderful note: “Is there any chance that bigon is just some kind of ridiculous April Fool’s Day joke, as almost every other physicist says? ‘People are so cynical,’ Zweistein replies. ‘Science,’ he notes, ‘routinely produces findings that seem too wonderful to be believed, and yet turn out to be true.’” But without a doubt my favorite joke was from CERN in 2015. That April 1st, they released a press release with a bang: they had found the “first unequivocal evidence of the Force.” Finally, so many millions invested were useful for something! As the researchers explained, many details were unclear and much remained to be investigated, but the preliminary results They indicated that this new physical phenomenon could be used for “long-distance communications, influencing minds, and lifting heavy things out of reservoirs.” The research was carried out by a research team led by the prestigious Professor Ben Kenobi from Mos Eisley University on Tatooine. So that later they say that scientists are not doing well. In Xataka | “It’s a little scary, but it’s normal”: in Sweden anyone can know how much their neighbor earns and it has been a success In Xataka | I asked the AI ​​any nonsense and now I’m writing a news story about it

The most expensive cities in the world to live in 2025, explained in a very illustrative graphics

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In 2025, the cost of living in some cities is a combination of high prices in goods, services and housing, which can only face who have income enough for it. For those who do not reach enough income to cover those basic needs that each city demands are dedicated to poverty or to move to other cities More affordable, something that is already beginning to happen in our country in large cities such as Madrid or Barcelona. The “Numbeo Index” Numouso is a database Collaborative that collects the prices of restaurants, services and goods in the main cities of the world and, based on this data, it produces listings in which you can analyze which cities are the highest cost of life, in which the price of housing has a greater impact or determining the economic effort of its inhabitants to live in them. For establishing a reference point in the comparison, Numbeo uses New York data as a reference value 100 in all its data. That implies that, if another city has an index of 112 in one of its parameters, it means that, in that parameter, that city is 12% more expensive than New York. If the value of the index is 88, it implies that it is a cheaper 12%. Based on these data, the portal Visualcapitalist.com has elaborated a graph in which it is clearly represented in what cities in the world is more expensive to live. The most expensive cities to live The graph prepared by VisualcapitalistNew York leads the global ranking as the most expensive city in the world. According to data collected by Numbeo, New York is positioned as the most expensive city, with a fork in the rent price ranging from $ 1,100 to $ 4,108 for an apartment in a room and up to $ 8,174 for a three bedroom apartment. The Swiss cities of Zurich and Geneva are followed in the ranking, with an index of the Cost of life more rental of 93.2 and 90.6 respectively, indicating that living in them is around 7 and 10% cheaper than doing so In New York. In the fourth position there is San Francisco (85.3) that sneaks between the Swiss cities of Basel (83.9) and Lausana (83,4). If we focus on more expensive cities to live From Spain including the cost of life, we find Barcelona in position 137 with an index of cost of life including rental of 48.29, followed by Madrid (47.38) that occupies the 142nd position of the global ranking. Palma de Mallorca (43,79) and Malaga (39,24) follow them closely, occupying positions 180 and 203 of the world respectively. The weight of rent when living in a city The price of housing is a determining factor when establishing the cost of living in a city. For this reason, the list changes completely when the data is filtered to unlink the cost of the home of the equation. In that scenario, New York no longer leads the List of more expensive cities to livebut goes down to seventh place. Those who do maintain consistency are the Swiss cities, which remain the most expensive in the world to live, with Zurich (112.54) leading the list, followed by Geneva (111,41), Basel (110,71), Lausana (110.55) and Lugano (108,38). From the Spanish perspective, all cities fall several positions indicating the impact of the rental price at your cost of life. Barcelona (with a cost of life without rent of 57.03) goes on to position 183, while Madrid (55.79) falls less positions until 187. In the case of Palma de Mallorca (55,13) and Malaga (48,02) the fall is just ten positions, indicating that the housing price impact It is less than in Madrid and Barcelona, ​​but the cost of the rest of the index factors (food price, Public Transportation Pricerestaurants, services, etc.) It is higher in these cities. Living in some cities is more difficult A very important fact that can be extracted from this database on the cost of life in large cities, is the purchasing power index, which uses the salary average of that city and compares it to the base reference that is that of New York. The result leaves us a photo of which citizens do a minor economic effort to live In a certain city. In this scenario, the inhabitants of Mannheim in Germany are the ones who must make less effort to live in the city with an index of 198.64, which implies that these citizens can buy 98.64% more goods and services than a New York with their salary. The Swiss Basel (194,85), Bern (186.76) and Lausana (180,45) sneak into the top five, occupying positions two, four and five respectively. Only truncated Swiss hegemony the city of Erlangen (189,69) in Germany, which is placed in third position. Spanish cities draw a slightly different panorama, being Valencia (131,73) Alicante (113,27), Seville (102.62) and Madrid (101,39) the only ones in which its inhabitants They have greater purchasing power than a New Yorker in the field of his city. On the other hand, Barcelona (88,37), Málaga (86,34), Palma de Mallorca (86,34) are cities where the opposite happens, its inhabitants have a lower local purchasing power rate by having a lower average salary and a higher life cost. In Xataka | The cities with more billionaires as residents, gathered in this illustrative graphic Image | Visualcapitalist.com

Starship ended as an orange after flight 10. Spacex has not explained the reason, but the Internet has its theories

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Starship’s tenth test has been a resounding success. The highest rocket in history took up a lot of expectation after three failed pitches, but this time one by one fulfilled the objectives of the mission. What surprised many was the orange color that the ship had when it merited in the Indian Ocean, a tone that we had not seen so far. Extreme suffering. After displaying Starlink Satellites simulators for the first time, Starship 37 lit an engine in the exorbitant space. It was then that Spacex tested the structure of the ship. An especially hard reentry angle, a series of aggressive maneuvers with the ailerons and a deliberately incomplete thermal shield made the ship suffer, but never disintegrated or stop maneuvering. Unlike flights 7, 8 and 9, which did not have a controlled reentry, flight 10 has allowed Spacex to collect an incalculable amount of data to improve Starship’s most critical and green part: Your reusable thermal shield. And it is precisely the thermal shield in the rocket belly that seems to have acquired an orange color after 26,000 km/ha 12 km/h. But how did that rusty tone occur if the thermal tiles are ceramic? A buoy and a mystery. Although Spacex has not yet pronounced on the subject, the images of the Ship 37 issued live from a buoy in the Indian Ocean called the attention of fans and aerospace experts equally. While the ship’s belly seems to have churruscado, the main theories do not point to The tiles fall Or they were burned, but for something deposited on them. The location of the experimental metal tiles at the vertex of the orange cone A refrigerant leak. The hypothesis that has gained the most force is the one that points to one of the key experiments of this flight: a metal tile with active cooling In the upper part of the thermal shield. Unlike the usual ceramic tiles, which are passive insulators, this experimental piece leaves circular cohete refrigerant to dissipate heat. The theory, supported by Analysts like Scott Manleysuggests that the tile with active cooling could have suffered a leak. The refrigerant fluid (perhaps methane of the rocket itself), by escaping and coming into contact with the incandescent plasma of the reentry, would have been burned and deposited throughout the fuselage, creating that characteristic feature of orange -shaped cone color that is appreciated in the images. In fact, the location of the experimental tile It coincides perfectly with the vertex of the orange area. Other possibilities. A non -exclusive theory is that experimental metal tiles (there were others on board without active refrigeration) They will simply oxidize Due to the extreme temperatures of the reentry, leaving that trail of oxide color. What seems clear is that we are not seeing the result of a ablation. Starship silica tiles are reusable insulating, not ablative shields that disintegrate by design. If the tiles had worn up to the point of exposing the ablative material underneath, we would be talking about a catastrophic failure of the system. A torture laboratory. This visual result, far from being a failure, is the direct consequence of Spacex experiments for this flight. The Starship 37 has gone through an authentic test bench for the thermal shield, which Elon Musk himself has pointed out as The main technological stumbling block of the program. On this flight, Spacex withdrew tens of tiles in key areas to see how the lower structure endured. At the same time, he added metal tiles and with active cooling to look for more resistant alternatives in areas of maximum thermal stress. And softened the edges of some tiles to mitigate the hot points observed in previous flights. In summary, the orange color of the Starship does not seem to be a sign of a catastrophic failure, but the visible footprint of an experiment taken to the limit. Images | Spacex In Xataka | A astrophysicist calls Elon Musk: “Even in a nuclear apocalypse, the earth would be a paradise compared to Mars”

In Spain there is a “black triangle” of fires between Ourense, Zamora and León. And it is not explained only by heat

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The drawing is bleak. If you open Google Mapsactivate the “fire” function And you take a look at the map of Spain you will see that much of the flames that are devouring the mountain of the country (and some populated areas) seem to concentrate on a particular ‘triangle of fire’ between the provinces of Ourense, León and Zamora. There are the fires of Mozyuelas de la Caballea, Yeres or that of Queixa Chandrexawhich have already razed thousands and thousands of hectares. It is not the only region of Spain punished by the flames, but the big question is … Why do forest fires seem to be primed right in that region? The Spain that burns. It is not being a good August for the mountains of the country. According to The last report of the Ministry of Environment (Miteco), still incomplete because its technicians do not have the data of the large active fires, so far this year the flames have devastated 138,800 ha. And that is the calculation to August 10, so it does not include the devastated surface during the last week. To better understand what this data is, remembering that between January and the first week of September 2024 the forest fires burned 43,655 ha or that throughout 2023 they had calcined 89,000. If we look back, at the last decade, there was only one more disastrous exercise than the current one: 2022, when at this point of the year they had burned Around 215,000 hectares. Is the whole country the same? No. The flames have punished to a greater or lesser extent Andalusia, Estremadura, Castilla-La Mancha, Catalonia and the regions of Valencia and Madridto quote only some examples, but there is a specific area of the Peninsula that is suffering from the dentelladas of the fire with special virulence: the triangle formed by the provinces of Ourense, León and Zamora. Tan a Fast look To Google Maps to check it. There is Chandrexa de Queixa, which has affected more than 17,000 ha And it is already considered The most destructive of the history of Galicia. Also that of Mozyuelas de la Carballedathat passed from Zamora to León and has calcined several dozens of hectares. Looking for the causes. The big question is … why do that region hit so much fury? What are the causes? The question is interesting because it is not an isolated phenomenon: there are populations, like Castromil’sbetween Ourense and Zamora, who have resigned themselves to deal with fire every year. For the impact of the flames on the ‘triangle’ between Zamora, León and Ourense He wondered Recently in X Francisco M. Azcárate, professor of ecology, biology and environmental sciences. And its entry response is interesting: the succession of forest fires in that region of the Peninsula cannot be attributed to pyologists or negligence. Or that is not the only cause at least. In the background there are more complex structural reasons that have to do with the characteristics of that area or changes in the use of the territory. Meteorology earrings. “Climatically, the area fits perfectly with ecosystems that, naturally, have a high frequency of important fires,” Azcárate starts Before aiming the influence of the rainy season, during which biomass accumulates, and dry, marked by the mass of dry and very flammable vegetation. To this factor is added the frequency of fires in humid Mediterranean climates or the effect of climate change, which influences extreme temperatures and “extends the risk season.” The fire wave has in fact coincided with Another heat which began in early August and that already stands out as one of The most durable Since at least the 70s, which is when the historical Aemet starts. Although it is not an inflexible guideline, experts have not been warning that the fight against forest fires is especially complex when the known as the known as ‘Rule 30-30-30’: Temperatures above 30ºC, wind gusts of more than 30 km/Hy a humidity of less than 30%. Click on the image to go to Tweet. The perfect cocktail. Not only do climatic conditions or heat wave influence, which has spread far beyond the Ourean-Leon-Zamora triangle. Another of the keys that explains the impact of fires in that concrete area of the Peninsula must be sought, Azcárate points out, on the ground and orography. “The region has acidic and little fertile soils. This favors more flammable plant communities, due to the composition of plants’ tissues,” The expert reflects. At stake also enters the orography of that region, marked by an “abrupt relief” that hinders the access of “erratic and strong” seals that can abruptly change the direction of the flames. A few years ago Civio analyzed The main fires recorded in Spain throughout the 2007-2016 decade and discovered that in almost 80% of cases (153 of 196) the gusts exceeded 30 km/h, which could influence the evolution of fire. Something more than weather and orography. Not everything is climate, meteorology, orography or soil characteristics. In the fires it is influencing another factor than You are talking a lot During the last days: the depopulation of the rural one (which is usually accompanied by the abandonment of fields and a change in forest management), something that starts from the provinces of Ourense, Zamora and León They know well. “In general in Spain there has been rural, population and peoples abandonment and depopulation is a food for fires,” Celso Coco warnsfire expert and forest management in The opinion-the mail of Zamora. And what does that suppose? “The consequence is that in those areas where it was worked, it was grown, it was granted, natural vegetation has been installed and there is no use of them, which has increased the forest area greatly. This continuity of vegetation, without management, results in a vulnerable landscape,” duck. In their opinion, forest fires “have existed, exist and exist” and constitute “a natural process”, but changes in the landscape have affected their impact: where they were previously found with land … Read more

These are the most loved and hated millionaires, explained in a graphic

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The most famous billionaires are not just business leaders, they have also become In media figures. Names that resonate in all homes and even influence In the political sphere. But there is something that clearly differentiates them: not all of them enjoy the sympathy of 99% of the world population that is not millionaire. While some generate admiration and respectothers generate very obvious opinions and levels of distrust and rejection. A survey Made by Reuters and Ipsos He asked 4415 American adults his opinion about some of the most outstanding millionaires of the Forbes Millionaires List. Some showed favorable opinions about them, others clearly unfavorable and others simply shrug because they had no idea who those gentlemen were. The portal Visualcapitalist He has collected all this data and has represented them in a much more enlightening graph that shows that, Being rich and famous does not guarantee to be popular Among your neighbors and countrymen. Warren Buffett and Bill Gates: Population favorites The Nonagenarian Inverter Warren Buffett, known as the “Oracle of Omaha”, leads the list of billionaires with greater popularity In the United States. His Austera and close personalityhas made 52% of the interviewees have a favorable opinion about the veteran millionaire. Only 26% of those who recognized him showed a negative opinion about him, and 18% recognized not knowing who that person was, despite having the fifth greatest fortune in the world. Buffett has been able to win the support of society Thanks to your simple lifestyle, your responsible investment approach and your commitment to philanthropy. Despite its imposing fortune of 165 billion dollars, its image transmits humility and common sensewhich makes it a reference well seen by many. For its part, Bill Gates is the great surprise of the table, occupying second place in terms of popularity, with 49% positive opinions. This perception has improved significantly from Gates left Microsoft’s direction And he put all his endeavor in philanthropy Through the Gates Foundation. However, with 43% of unfavorable opinions, its rejection index remains elevated. Gates has managed to position himself as a leader who seeks global solutions for problems Like public health and Climate changebut those causes have also put him in the spotlight of conspiracy theories The most diverse. That has made Microsoft the founder loved and hated almost in equal parts. For better or worse, Gates is one of the most popular millionaires in the world. Only 5% of the interviewees claimed not to know who that man was who claimed to have a assets of 108,000 million dollars. Musk, Zuckerberg and Bezos: Famous, but hated Despite being in the top 3 ofThe greatest fortunes in the world According to the Forbes list, Elon Musk, Jeff Bezos and Mark Zuckerberg face the challenge of being widely recognized, but very little dear. You can’t have everything. Elon Musk, with a fortune of 357,000 million dollars, has 39% favorable opinions. However, your participation in the Government Efficiency Department (Doge), in charge of saying goodbye hundreds of thousands of federal officials have won all A animated wave that has left him with 55% of unfavorable opinions. However, Musk is not the only one has not managed to connect With public opinion. Jeff Bezos also records 55% of unfavorable opinions in the survey. Unlike Musk, Bezos only awakens sympathies between 29% of respondents. The rest of the interviewees missing to complete 100% of the bar of Bezos sympathies and hatred I simply did not know who it was, although most likely they have ever bought in their online store or seen a series on their video platform. In the case of Mark Zuckerberg, the figures are not encouraging. Despite having experienced A complete image change To tune with the rest of the members of his generation, the founder of Facebook stands as the billionaire with the highest percentage of rejection of the list. His image has been damaged by scandals related to Users privacy and the Influence of social networks In society, which has made its popularity fall leaving 64% of unfavorable opinions. Definitely, Mark Zuckerberg doesn’t like. Millionaires that neither fu nor fa Despite being key figures in the technological world, billionaires such as Steve Ballmer, former Microsoft ex-care; Larry Ellison, founder of Oracle; And the co -founders of Google, Larry Page and Serguéi Brin, are not as recognized by the general public as Elon Musk or Bill Gates. In fact, 65% of respondents He doesn’t know Steve Ballmerwhile Page and Brin They could walk quietly through a shopping center and 69% and 72% respectively of the people with whom they were crossed would not recognize them. However, among those who do recognize them, the perception is very divided. For example, Larry Ellison has only 13% of favorable opinions, while Steve Ballmer has a modest 16%. It is probably because they have not seen their Microsoft marketing campaigns in the 90s. This contrast shows that, although They founded influential companies And their contributions have revolutionized entire sectors, the lack of media exposure and polarization in public opinion makes them less relevant characters at the popular level. Reuters data reveal that the perception that Americans have about their richest billionaires not only depends on the size of their fortunes or that of their companies, but also measured by their personal decisions. On the other hand, those who maintain a low profile, such as Larry Page, Serguéi Brin and Larry Ellison, seem to live in a limbo of popularity, in which they can enjoy all the Advantages of being centimillonario, Without the inconveniences of being so recognizable like Elon Musk or Bill Gates. In Xataka | They are founders and ultra -ups, but they have not always driven luxury supercoches: a review of the cars of the Tech millionaires In Xataka | How much money you need to be among the richest 1% in SpainHow much money you need to be among the richest 1%in Spain Image | VisualcapitalistFlickr (Billionaires Success)

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