In Italy someone built a “fake” Roman amphitheater. It ended up with visitors paying €40 convinced that it was original

for a while Arcugnanoa small town in the province of Vicenza, could boast an exotic attraction within the reach of very few municipalities, not even in Italy: a spectacular Roman amphitheater with its stone steps, columns, statues and even a pond. The complex had supposedly been built before 393 AD and its surroundings hid Greek and Neolithic pieces. Behind such a discovery was an equally fascinating figure: a scholar known as Franz Von Rosenfranz in the artistic circuits. The problem is that this Rosenfranz was actually called Franco Malosso and the supposed amphitheater was a decoration built with plaster, concrete and blocks. Dating back to 2005. To understand what is perhaps the craziest story so far in 2026 in Italy, you have to go back two decades, to 2005when Malosso found a surprise in the garden of a villa in Arcugnano. Or so he supposedly claimed. That year a landslide exposed the remains of what looked like an ancient archaeological site. Suspecting that the underground was hiding something, good old Malosso began to excavate and recovered a Roman amphitheater. Or at least, we insist, that’s what counts a crazy story that has ended up falling under its own weight. The man who built this fake Roman theater and charged visitors up to €40 is now in prison. Franco Malosso constructed the 5,000-square-meter site near Vicenza, Italy, using modern stones artificially aged to appear ancient, concrete columns, plaster statues and an artificial… pic.twitter.com/YqWXr6vzRr — Architecture Hub (@archpng) July 25, 2026 A Roman amphitheater? Exact. To be more precise the “Anfiteatro marittimo berico Porto degli Angeli”, which is how was promoted years later the site for the pride of the neighbors and the enjoyment of those visited fascinated by the history of ancient Rome. His magnetism was more than understandable. The supposed amphitheater had wide stone steps, columns, statues and a pond. The story circulated that the complex had been built before 393 AD and that vestiges of Greek origin or that dated back to the Neolithic had been found in the surrounding area. In a double historical twist, it was even said that Julius Caesar had passed through that same area when he returned to Egypt. with Cleopatra or that Juliet Capulet lived there when she was a teenager. Great, right? Yes. Too much. In fact, it sounded so spectacular that it didn’t take long for suspicions to fly over the Arcugnano amphitheater. In 2016 The Carabineri investigated the site, archaeologists analyzed the supposed Roman structures and satellite images were also used to study how the area had changed from a bird’s eye view in recent years. The conclusion was clear: there was no Roman amphitheater, just a recent construction built with more will than skill. a decoration. The Roman steps had actually been built from modern stone blocks that someone had treated to give them an aged look. The statues were made of plaster and the columns were basically made of fiberglass and concrete. The pond was also somewhat old, having been excavated in recent years. In summary, the Berico Maritime Amphitheater was basically a decoration built without much historical criteria. A hoax that worked. That someone would build a (more or less exact) replica of a Roman amphitheater in the 21st century is curious, but if the history of the Berico site has aroused the interest of the world press, it is because Malosso managed to convince others that that construction was Roman. What’s more, it is said that he received up to 40 euros for visiting it and managed, it is not clear how, that the local authorities included the supposed amphitheater in a guide and a promotional app, according to reveals the newspaper Corriere della Sera. “Italy’s laughingstock.” The result is that what seemed like a tourist attraction has ended up becoming a source of ridicule for the municipality. Paolo Pellizzari, who was then mayor, recognize in Il Giornale di Vicenza that when the deception was uncovered “we became the laughingstock of Italy.” However, he also defends that Malosso acted with skill: “He had hidden the operation very well and the land was his property.” Much of the work was also done without permits or going through the municipal technical office. “It was presented in a captivating way and promised gold and gold,” he says. Why is it news? Because history has written a new chapter. And not exactly good for Malosso, who now He is 69 years old. The case has been in court for some time and in 2021 the Supreme Court of Cassation confirmed a sentence of two years and four months in prison for the alleged archaeologist for illegal construction, falsification of works of art and building in an environment with landscape protection. Now, once Malosso’s request for parole has been rejected, the sentence is now effective. In fact, has entered in Ventimiglia prison. What does he say? In 2016, shortly after the controversy broke out, La Stampa interviewed Malosso, who assured that in reality there was no deception or that that was never their intention. “That is not the amphitheater, it is a garden with elliptical shapes, a model of what was once there, probably below, described by several poets and writers as ‘the great amphitheater,’” he justified. The great mystery. The big question is how on earth his deception could escalate to the point of sneaking into an official travel guide or even attracting visitors willing to pay 40 euros. Beyond the concrete columns and plaster statues, experts remind that the context also lacks meaning. “An amphitheater in the countryside, far from an old urban center, is false,” explains to The Country Jacopo Bonetto, archaeologist. In fact, to be strict, we should not even talk about an amphitheater: the Acugnano structure, shaped like a crescent, fits much better with the characteristics of the Roman theater. Not to mention the nonsense of some of the temporal references supposedly shared by Malosso. For example, the press claims that he even told tourists … Read more

Spain prepared thousands of young people for university by passing the PAU. Four out of ten ended up doing a vocational training degree

Every July the same scene of thousands of teenagers leaving school is repeated. any of the exams of what was once called Selectivity and, for now, is known as the University Access Test (PAU). For decades, this ritual almost always ended at the same door: the a university. However, in recent years something has changed. The students who take this test no longer do so trusting that your future is assured after a university degree and no longer see Vocational Training as the way out for those who do not want to study. The twist that no one announced. For years, passing the PAU and not going to university was experienced almost as a failure. A waste of talent. Today that stigma has been broken. According to the report Education Panorama 2025prepared by the OECD, 39% of those who enter the economy for the first time Spanish higher education They do so through a higher degree vocational training cycle and only 47% opt for the university route. The figure more than doubles the organization’s average, where only 16% choose this route and 78% go directly to university. These percentages undoubtedly represent a change in mentality more than a statistical anecdote. The FP is no longer the “ugly duckling” of the educational system in Spain. The figures that support the change. According to the latest data collected by the Ministry of Education in the report Vocational Training Student Statistics 2024-2025there has been an increase of 23.5% in the student body in the previous five years, especially highlighting the number of students enrolled in higher grades, which receive 29.8% more students. The contrast with Europe is striking. In Spain, higher vocational training as a gateway to higher education is 33.3%, tripling the European Union average, which remains at 10%. This shift towards training oriented towards learning a profession responds to a specific request that comes from companies. Why young people choose FP and university. According to the report ‘Infoempleo Adecco 2024: Job supply and demand in Spain‘, 47% of the job offers published in Spain, asked for some vocational training degree. It is a figure that grows every year and that begins to compete face to face with the requirement of a university education. Marisa Bermejo, director of Sanitas Campus FP Madrid, declared to The Spanish that “After PAU, young people have to understand that there are several ways to get into a profession.” And he adds that vocational training “allows the development of technical skills from an early stage.” According to data From the Ministry of Education, the employability of Vocational Training is 73%, and with some sectors touching 90%, which places it as a direct access door to the labor market for young people. The sectors that use FP the most. Not all training families grow equally. Administration and Management leads the number of offers, closely followed by Health, with constant demand in laboratories and clinical areas. Commerce and Marketing is also pushing forward, driven by the rise of digital commerce. The fastest growth is carried out by Computing and Communications. It is one of the families with the highest job placement among Higher Degree graduates, where 54.7% find employment before completing two years after graduating. according to the data of the Ministry of Education. In Xataka | Europe is very clear that there are many graduates in Spain. The problem is that they are not what companies need. Image | Unsplash (ThisisEngineering)

In the World Cup final Palestine also faced Israel. And Palestine ended up winning 1 to 0

On the grass MetLife Stadium The players of the Spanish and Argentine teams were running, but there were those who lived yesterday the World Cup final like a fight between two different protagonists, with geopolitical resonances. On the one hand, a Spain that has become one of the great defenders international (certainly the most media-friendly) of Palestine. On the other, an Argentina led by a ruler who presume of being “the most Zionist president in the world” and that before the party he had received public support of the Israeli prime minister. That tension that transcends what is strictly sports was clearly experienced on Sunday on the networks… and also the Middle East, especially in Jerusalem. Football and more. If there is an event capable of emptying streets and beaches in the middle of July and bringing together millions of people around a screen is a World Cup final. This virality helps to understand that the tournament often transcends the sporting sphere to fully penetrate the economic, political and symbolic sphere. It happened yesterday. And it’s quite understandable. If we add to the magnetism of the World Cup the geopolitical contextthat the party was disputed in the US and that the protagonists of the final were Spain and Argentina, led by governments that have shown clear support respectively for Palestine and Israel, the extra-sports seasoning of the match was guaranteed. It was sport. And it was political. Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu met in his office with the Ambassador of Argentina to Israel, Rabbi Shimon Axel Wahnish, and wished great success to the Argentine national team in the World Cup final taking place tomorrow. Ambassador Wahnish presented the Prime Minister with… pic.twitter.com/2x3pYAxA9b — Prime Minister of Israel (@IsraeliPM) July 18, 2026 Cross tweets. The demonstration of to what extent this was the case came via Xwhere Israel and Palestine made it clear which team they supported. The first message came on Saturday from the official account of the Israeli Prime Minister. In it were published several photographs of Benjamin Netanyahu with the Argentine ambassador Shimon Axel Wahnish in which the Israeli leader holds the albiceleste shirt. And in case the image was not clear in itself, it was accompanied by a message publicly sent by Netanyahu to President Javier Milei: “We support Argentina in many ways, including tomorrow.” That tweet already circulated on Saturday, on the eve of the game, but it has done so again in the last few hours after the official account of the State of Palestine recovered it to include it in a new post. In it it basically does two things: it shares the poster created by the RFEF to announce Spain’s victory and is accompanied by the Palestinian flag, the Spanish flag and two hearts. All this (remember) along with Netanyahu’s original message supporting Argentina. 🇵🇸 ❤️💛🇪🇸 https://t.co/sVxBtRwMxu pic.twitter.com/NIFjEh884l — State of Palestine (@Palestine_UN) July 19, 2026 Network thing, right? Not quite. It is true that the exchange of messages via elDiario, The Sixth wave EFE agency They have published chronicles that show how Sunday’s final was experienced intensely in places like Gaza or Ramallah, in the West Bank, where fans could be seen celebrating Ferran Torres’ goal or even wearing La Roja t-shirts and Spanish flags. Similar scenes can also be followed on networks, as in a shared video on IG by Ya7ya_sager. In Ramallah the party gathered thousands of people to follow the party, including Spanish diplomatic staff. It wasn’t just about love of football or a question of affinity towards one team or another. The symbolic background is deeper. Two areas, two hobbies. Maria Trapaderne, from the EFE agency, tells a chronicle how Jerusalem remained divided in the match being played at the MetLfife in New Jersey. The Western zone turned to Argentina. The East, with a majority Palestinian population, mobilized with the Red. The chronicler tells how at the New Gate of the Old City you could see terraces full of people with the Red shirt and red flags. “The eastern side supports Spain because Spain has actively supported Palestine, while Argentina has supported Israel and fostered brotherhood between both countries,” summarizes Guada young Palestinian who followed the game. @millennium Among the ruins of Gaza, the population celebrated Spain’s victory against Argentina, giving it the victory of this 2026 World Cup, waving flags of both peoples in the streets. Gazans support Spain as a sign of gratitude for the humanitarian and political support of that nation, which was the first in Europe to formally recognize the Palestinian State. Gaza Palestine Spain World Celebration ♬ original sound – MILLENNIUM – MILLENNIUM @.gaza_al_irada_fc 🇵🇸❤️ From Gaza to Spain… Congratulations to the Spanish National Team on your well-deserved achievement! Football unites hearts beyond borders. We play with hope, resilience, and respect—and today we celebrate your success. Wishing you even more victories ahead. Congratulations, Spain! 🇪🇸⚽ #Spain #Spain #Football #Respect #FromGaza ♬ الصوت الأصلي – gaza_al_irada_fc Why this polarization? To understand it, you need to dust off the newspaper archive. Both the recent and the oldest. Argentina and the Palestinian people have important linkswhich include both migration ties and the decision of Buenos Aires to recognize Palestine as a State in 2010. However, the current president of the South American country, Javier Milei, has stood out for his closeness to the Israeli Executive headed by Netanyahu. At the beginning of 2024, shortly after his election, the Argentine leader traveled to Israelwhere he could be seen crying in front of the Wailing Wall, and he himself has proclaimed himself “the most Zionist president in the world.” Not even Messi has been freed of controversies related to the propaganda Israeli. Reviewing figures. The link between both territories can be measured in figures. In 2005 the newspaper The Nation public that around 244,000 Jews lived in the Capital and Greater Buenos Aires and in the country as a whole they numbered around 300,000, making them the largest Jewish community in all of Latin America. In addition to … Read more

In 2004, 15 driverless cars competed in the desert for a million dollars. None of them ended, but they changed the industry forever

On March 13, 2004, at dawn, fifteen vehicles left Barstow, California, heading for the Mojave Desert. They did not have a driver. Their mission was to travel more than 200 kilometers of hostile terrain to Primm, Nevada, without anyone at the wheel or remote control in between. The first to do it would win a million dollars. No one got it. Objective: operate without a driver. The DARPA Grand Challenge It was a competition organized by the United States Advanced Defense Projects Agency, the same organization that once laid the foundations for the Internet. Congress had set a goal that, by 2015, one-third of military ground vehicles could operate without drivers, thereby reducing the risk to soldiers on resupply and transportation missions in war zones. To accelerate that research, DARPA decided to open the door to anyone, whether they were universities, hobbyists, or independent engineers. It was enough to present a vehicle capable of driving itself. In detail. Twenty-one candidates passed the previous qualifying tests, held at the California Speedway circuit, and fifteen vehicles arrived at the starting line of the desert. There was everything from SUVs, to pickup trucks, and even modified motorcycles with computers, radar, cameras, and GPS receivers to “see” the terrain and decide for themselves how to navigate it. The route, about 228 kilometers, was not revealed until two hours before departure, precisely to check that the systems were capable of interpreting the environment in real time and not memorizing a route in advance. ORAn almost comical disaster. one of the cars it capsized as soon as it started and had to withdraw before the official start. Two others did not even start the test. Three hours into the race, out of a limit of ten, only four vehicles were still running. The rest fell due to mechanical failures, blocked brakes, broken axles or navigation systems that lost direction. According to collect the specialized magazine IEEE Spectrum, the image offered by the exit was “the most diverse collection of vehicles gathered in one place since the filming of Mad Max 2.” Who went further. The vehicle that advanced the most It was Sandstorm.a 1986 Humvee modified by Carnegie Mellon University’s Red Team. It traveled 11.9 kilometers before getting stranded on a slope in the terrain after exiting a horseshoe curve, according to the university itself. The impact broke front axles and burst wheels, and fuel began to spill from the tank. Its manager, robotics professor William “Red” Whittaker, acknowledged that the car arrived “injured” to the test, as it had overturned during a test the previous week and the team barely had time to fully repair it. Shortly after, another of the vehicles, nicknamed DAD (Digital Auto Drive), became immobilized. and it caught fire before those responsible for the event deactivated it remotely. No team exceeded 12 kilometers of a route that was supposed to exceed 200. It wasn’t entirely a failure.. Although the million dollars remained without an owner, DARPA considered that the experiment had fulfilled its real function: to demonstrate that there was a community of engineers, students and programmers willing to solve a problem that until then seemed like something out of science fiction. The day after the disaster in the desert, the agency announced that it would repeat the test a year and a half later, this time with two million dollars. And the revenge arrived. On October 8, 2005, in a new edition on a 212-kilometer route, five vehicles completed the route for the first time in history. The winner was Stanley, a modified Volkswagen Touareg by the Stanford University team led by German engineer Sebastian Thrun, who crossed the finish line in 6 hours and 53 minutes. Sandstorm itself, now repaired, came second. The real impact came later. That race through the desert ended up being the seed of the autonomous car industry as we know it today. Google founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin They came in disguise to witness the 2005 test and, shortly after, Thrun was hired to lead Google X, the company’s experimental projects laboratory. There, along with other DARPA test veterans such as Anthony Levandowski, Chris Urmson and Mike Montemerlo, Thrun launched in 2009 the secret project that would eventually become Waymo, today one of the main autonomous car companies in the world. Stanley itself, the 2005 winning car, is currently preserved in the Smithsonian’s National Museum of American History. And now what. Two decades after that first failed test in the desert, driverless cars They are already circulating through the streets from cities like San Francisco, Phoenix or Shanghai, and companies like Waymo or Tesla are committed to autonomous taxis becoming commonplace. In Spain we will briefly see some doing tests this year in Madrid. Although the really curious thing was that, a test in which most of the cars made fools of themselves, ended up being the real starting point of a technology that today moves billions of dollars. Cover image | Lemonodor In Xataka | China has an amazing 10-kilometer underwater tunnel and 200,000 LED lights with one goal: to keep you from falling asleep

the brand that became big promising not to be like the others and ended up without its own place

I started with OnePlus back in 2018, when I decided on a OnePlus 6 which offered a very interesting technical specifications and features at a price that would be unsustainable today. Today my mother has that same phone, and the device continues to work like a charm. At that time, the company was beginning to change its strategy, since selling the idea of flagship killer It was starting to be a problem. When OnePlus He started his career back in 2014.sold the promise of offering high-end mobile phones at a price that should not exist. That promise made it one of the most beloved brands of recent Android. That same promise, broken little by little over the last decade, is also a good part of the reason why this week the company announced his definitive departure from the United States and Europetwo of its most important and also most competitive markets. Withdrawal from the United States and Europe This same Monday, the German media WinFuture published that OnePlus and its parent, Oppo, were preparing an announcement of “fundamental strategy changes” for this week. This big announcement, now officially confirmed by OnePlussuppose the withdrawal of the brand from the United States and Europe. Just like collect 9to5Google, the brand has had “years of setbacks and abandonment” that foreshadowed this outcome. The plan is that There will be no more launches of OnePlus phones, tablets or wearables in Europe or the United States; The remaining stock will be liquidated in the coming weeks and months; and devices already sold will maintain updates and technical support until the end of their life cycle. India and China are left out of the announcement, although Notebookcheck point that there the brand “will be practically irrelevant” as an independent firm, converted into an economic range within the Oppo catalog. From the impossible promise to the giant that absorbed it To understand how we got here, it is worth going back to 2014. OnePlus was born as a small, almost cult-like company, with a very simple idea: to offer high-end specifications at a price well below that of Samsung or Apple. The first model, the OnePlus Onewas sold by invitation only and arrived loaded with CyanogenModa version of Android highly valued among the most enthusiastic users. This is how the “flagship killer” label was born. that would accompany the brand for years. OnePlus One The turning point came in 2021, when OnePlus stopped operating as an independent company and became integrated into Oppowhich is part of the Chinese conglomerate BBK Electronics (the same group to which Realme, Vivo or iQOO belong). Months earlier, in October 2020, Carl Pei, co-founder of OnePlus, had already left the company to found Nothing. Neither Pei nor OnePlus ever officially explained the reason for this departure, although Pei himself did speak later, in different interviews, that he felt that their room for radical innovation was reduced as OnePlus became an increasingly larger and more structured organization. Since then, OnePlus has been losing its own margin of decision within the group. Its prices rose, its software design became more and more similar to Oppo’s, and the differences that once made it unique began to fade. 2026 was already warning This year has been, in retrospect, the chronicle of an end foretold. In January, some first reports without clear sources They talked about a dismantling of the brand. OnePlus publicly denied it and many users breathed a sigh of relief. In March we knew about after a leak that the global withdrawal could come as soon as April. In April, OnePlus itself acknowledged that it was “evaluating its roadmap” in Europe, while cutting staff in the region, with losses concentrated in the communications, marketing and sales departments. From there, the pieces began to fit together faster. A rumor circulated a merger with Realme and that OxygenOS, OnePlus’ own operating system, would disappear to be integrated into ColorOS, Oppo’s software. Now, the disappearance of OxygenOS is already confirmedtowith all future devices moving to use the matrix system. In addition, OnePlus websites in several European countries, including Spain, France and Germany, began to redirect buyers to the Oppo store in some sections. From Lowyat.NET they add one more layer to the story. And according to the medium, the global RAM price crisis and storage would have hit a brand like OnePlus especially hard, which competes in the high-end without manufacturing its own chips or having the purchasing volume of Samsung or Apple to negotiate better conditions. Added to all this is the drop in sales as another determining factor behind the decision. A brand that stopped meaning something The launch of OnePlus 15 We especially liked it in this house, and today we continue to think that it is one of the best devices we can purchase. However, Oppo’s footprint has been growing to its maximum expression in this terminalboth in software and user experience. And Oppo has been conquering that ‘essence’ that has hooked the most diehard users to the brand for a long time. From TechStory they comment BBK Electronics has been rationalizing the number of brands it maintains for some time in markets where margins are narrow and each firm requires its own distribution, marketing and guarantee network. Maintaining several brands (Oppo, OnePlus, Realme) selling, in practice, variations of the same hardware stops making sense when only one can cover the same market. In fact, Slashdot and other media they point that brands like Redmi and iQOO, or Poco on Xiaomi’s part, could face similar decisions in the future, although it is still not clear which of them would be next. And what about the clients? For the millions of users who already have a OnePlus, the good news is that They will not be left without support from one day to the next. And in this sense, current devices will continue to receive software updates and technical support until their expected life cycle is exhausted, which in the case of the … Read more

Zara promised you happy with its pants for the summer. Until they ended the “killer pants” label

Zara’s summer catalog it’s news. And for a reason that probably won’t be liked too much at the Inditex headquarters. Over the last few days, several TikTok users have published videos in which they report that by wearing one of their pants they have allegedly suffered falls and trips. There is no official confirmation or response from the company, but there are two undeniable facts. The first is that on networks you can find a good handful of videos on the subject that show falls and even injuries. The second is that the matter has escalated to reach media such as NY Post, cnn either Le Parisian. unexpected protagonist @cnn Some women are posting online about a pair of Zara trousers that they claim have caused them injury. People say the wide-leg trousers are so wide that they trip over them. CNN reached out to Zara, and they did not respond. ♬ original sound – CNN – CNN When a fashion brand launches a press, it expects it to leave its mark on the market, but due to its sales and success among customers, it does not. for its riskswhich is what has happened to some flowy pants Zara women’s clothing. The piece in question costs 22.95 euros and stands out for its design palazzo. Tight at the waist and with a loose leg, they are light, fresh and, above all, versatile. Depending on how they are combined, they serve both a casual and formal style. The problem is that, in this specific case, the designers seem to have opted more for aesthetics than functionality. According to shared videos by several users and media on TikTok, the pants are so baggy and long that when the person wearing them walks with them can trip. That is what several recordings published on the platform show and that can be found with the labels #zaratrousers, #zarattrousersdangerous either #deadlyzarapantsin which the garment is identified as part of the Zara catalog. In its official website At least one very similar garment can be seen. @camilariberaroca think a THOUSAND times before buying them @ZARA should have a warning on the label of these pants💀⚠️ #deadly #zarapants #falling #zaratrousers #fyp ♬ original sound – jojo.aitools Many of the recordings come from private accounts showing trips, often captured by security cameras. Some users even shows wounds supposedly caused by falls. Over the last few days, however, complaints they have been escalating until reaching international media, such as the chain cnn, Le Parisian, Telegraaf, NDTV, Metro, First Post either New York Post. They have also addressed the issue influencers with thousands of followers, like Shivani Khoslawho tried the pants in person two days ago. His piece already has around 14,000 likes. The Australian media Nine assures that in total they have been published more than 2,000 videos on TikTok about a phenomenon that some (including that same headline) have dubbed “deadly pants” either “murderers”. The truth is that the topic has generated a wide conversation on networks in which irony is not lacking. @gracewils0nx Thnx Tom for laughing after you’ve picked me up off the floor xxxx @tomorford2301 @ZARA #deathtrousers #zara #zaradeathtrousers ♬ original sound – € “There should be a Netflix documentary about them”, joke a user. Others slip that the garment should be sold “with helmet and knee pads” or, in a deeper tonereport the injuries that a bad trip can cause. From what the recordings show, the problem would be the design of the legsso long and loose that when you run the risk of tripping over them. At the moment neither Zara nor Inditex have commented on the matter. At Xataka we have written to both (both Zara and its parent company) without having yet received a response at the time of publishing this article. If this arrives, we will update the information. Images | TikTok In Xataka | It’s 2025 and millions of men around the world still refuse one thing: shorts.

Ivar Kreuger, the Swedish millionaire who built a financial empire with matches and ended up burned by his debts

Paris, March 1932. The cover of The New York Times pick up the news of a man who has been found dead in his room, shot in the heart. Outside, no one still knows that that body hides the major financial fraud of his time. That man had lent money to governments and personalities across Europe, dined with Greta Garbo, and advised presidents. In Sweden they called him “the second king.” On Wall Street they treated him almost like a god of finance. However, as Frank Partnoy told in his biographical book ‘The Match King’behind that shining empire there was something much darker. That story begins, like so many other great falls, with a product so simple that no one suspected it: a match. An empire born of fire Ivar Kreuger was born in Kalmar, southeastern Sweden in 1880. His family already had a small match making business Therefore, her wealthy position allowed her to study engineering and travel around the United States, where she learned construction systems based on the use of reinforced concrete that were not yet used in Sweden. In 1908, he returned to Sweden and founded the construction company Kreuger & Toll along with Paul Toll with just $2,500 in capital. The main advantage of your company is that, when use concrete armed in their constructions, they managed to shorten construction deadlines without losing quality in the constructions. This allowed them to obtain projects as important as the construction of the Stockholm Olympic Stadiumwhich would be the venue for the 1912 Olympic Games. The founders of Kreuger & Toll: Paul Toll (standing), Henrik Kreuger (left) and Ivar Kreuger In his first business venture, Kreuger discovered something key: knew his way around finances almost as well as with concrete. With that mix of ambition, engineering and business acumen, Kreuger entered the family matchmaking business with the Swedish Match (that still exists) in 1917, uniting different dispersed factories into a single holding company. In a few years, the new company manufactured 75% of the matches on the entire planet. Trade matches for debt However, and despite the buoyant business of his factories, Kreuger’s great move was to exchange matches for debt. After the First World War, half of Europe needed money to rebuild. Kreuger saw the opportunity. It offered huge loans to governments in financial trouble and, in return, asked for match manufacturing monopoly in your country. He lent money to France, Germany, Poland, Greece and other nations, thus managing to monopolize the production of matches in half of Europe. It is estimated that the total loaned to the different countries was around 387 million dollars in 1930. It had factories in 43 countries and almost total control in 25 of them. The business was no longer selling matches, it was now lending money disguised as an industry and its empire extended to other industries. It came to dominate 50% of the iron market and became shareholders in banks, mining companies, railways, lumber, paper, film distribution, real estate and the pulp industry. In 1925, he even gained control of an important package of Ericsson shares and the other three largest companies in Sweden, as well as more than 200 companies and represented 60% of the Swedish stock market. Its 125-room Stockholm office earned the nickname “Match Palace.” To finance so much borrowing, Kreuger needed a constant flow of capital. To achieve this, it issued shares with very high dividends, up to 30% between 1919 and 1928. Investors, especially in the US, entered en masse due to the promise of obtaining a return well above the average. He managed to raise 750 million dollars with this system, according to collected The Economist. The trick he used to offer those succulent dividends was not new, although no one saw it at the time: he paid old investors with the money of new ones. That is, the same pyramid system that I was using Carlo Ponzi on the other side of the pond: a ponzi scheme with the appearance of an industrial multinational. Nobody audited Kreuger’s books and, as how I collected a chronicle of The New York Timeswhen an English executive proposed it to him, Kreuger responded with a phrase that today exudes fine irony: “Do you think I’m a swindler?” The answer is clear: Yes. A house of cards on fire The Wall Street crash of 1929 suddenly cut off the flow of capital that sustained Kreuger’s pyramid scheme, which, in desperation, went so far as to sell the same securities several times. counterfeit Italian bonds for 80 million without actually having that monopoly. In 1931 he requested a loan of 800 million crowns from the Swedish banks, the equivalent of 10% of the country’s GDP. It wasn’t enough. He Swedish Riksbank hesitatedhe government intervenedbut the hole was now impossible to cover. On March 12, 1932, Kreuger took his own life in his Parisian hotel room. A few weeks before, the telephone company ITT (International Telegraph & Telephone) had forced him to return 11 million dollars after discovering that the Swedish millionaire had deceived them making up Ericsson accounts. Subsequent audits uncovered the true extent of the pufo. Their companies accumulated credit debts of more than 1.2 billion dollarsin addition to a personal debt of 265 million dollars, compared to just 18 million dollars in assets that he had in his possession. All of this, we remember, in the 1930s, which represents a debt of unaffordable proportions even by today’s millionaires. Thousands of families lost their savings. Entire factories closed. And the man who one day lent money to half of Europe ended up being, himself, the biggest financial hole of his time. The United States Congress called him the biggest fraudster in history. A year later, the SEC was created to monitor the markets and ensure that Kreuger’s scam It did not repeat itself. In Xataka | The extreme stinginess of the first woman to become a millionaire by investing: she was known as the “Witch of … Read more

OpenAI wanted to simplify its AI products. You’ve ended up with a salad of ChatGPT, Atlas and Codex

If you have become accustomed to opening the application ChatGPT and always work from the same place, when you update you may find yourself with a quite different experience. OpenAI is reorganizing its products and, with them, the routines of those who had already turned their solutions into tools for daily use. The move promises to concentrate functions, but it also forces us to understand again which application should be opened, which environment corresponds to each task, and which parts of the previous flow continue to work the same. Three main pieces. The desktop application that we knew is now called ChatGPT Classic, while a new ChatGPT application brings together Chat, Work and Codex in the same environment. At the same time, Atlas enters its countdown: the browser will remain available for a few weeks, but OpenAI has set its withdrawal for August 9, 2026. The company thus concentrates more capabilities under a single brand, although during the transition names, applications and functions that are not obvious at first glance will coexist. They are not three versions of the same ChatGPT. Chat continues to be the space to talk, write, search for information, analyze files or resolve specific queries. Work is designed for longer, multi-stage tasks, such as researching a topic, cross-referencing documents, and preparing reports or presentations. Codex keeps the focus on software development and can work with code, repositories, terminals and other technical tools. All three share an application, but each one responds to a different way of working. The new desktop experience. The changes land on both macOS and Windows. Chat access appears in the left panel next to Work and Codex. When selected, the conversation opens within the general environment, although it can be separated into another window. OpenAI thus retains the most recognizable feature of ChatGPT, but makes it a part of a broader product, with a different organization for those who used the previous application. Atlas, in retreat. OpenAI is moving some of its capabilities to the new app’s built-in browser and to a extension for chrome. The architecture also includes a remote browser from which agents can complete tasks. Anyone who used Atlas as their regular browser will have to prepare for the move: the bookmarks they want to keep can be exported to Chrome, while cookies and passwords can be moved to the new application. Open tabs and browsing history are not transferred automatically. There are alternatives outside. Google is taking Gemini to Chrome itself to understand the open page, summarize content, compare information between multiple tabs, and, in supported accounts, complete multi-step actions. The deployment continues to be limited by region and Spain is not currently among the supported territories. Comet by Perplexitymaintains the browser-agnostic formula and is available on Mac, Windows, Android, iPhone and iPad. Perplexity Pro users can also choose between models from companies such as OpenAI, Anthropic and Google. The idea behind the changes. OpenAI wants ChatGPT to stop being just a chatbot and become the gateway to practically its entire ecosystem. Instead of maintaining separate apps for chatting, scheduling, or browsing, concentrate those functions under one brand. The commitment is reminiscent of the evolution of other large technological platforms, which over time have absorbed previously separate tools to reduce fragmentation and turn a single application into the center of the experience. Background. OpenAI wanted to reduce the complexity of the selector with the arrival of GPT-5but encountered users who did not see the models as interchangeable parts. Some depended on GPT-4o for specific jobs; others preferred his creative abilities and his way of conversing. The company backtracked and offered it again to paying users, before permanently removing it from ChatGPT on February 13, 2026. Perhaps in a few months this transition will be easier than it seems today. But the change brings to mind a well-known idea in software design: We don’t just learn to use a tool, we also build habits around it. When these habits are changed suddenly, the adaptation period becomes as much a part of the experience as the new functions. OpenAI’s challenge will be to make the integration easier for the user than the collection of products it aims to replace. Images | OpenAi In Xataka | The new Grok 4.5 and Muse Spark 1.1 have a groundbreaking bet: to make 90% of their rivals at 20% of their price

Don Benito and Villanueva wanted to show Spain the advantages of merging town councils. They have ended up doing the opposite

He February 20, 2022 It promised to be a historic day in Extremadura. In Spain, in general. After months of debate, arguments and growing media interest, that Sunday the residents of Don Benito and Villanueva (Badajoz) cast the ballot to decide something crucial for the future of both municipalities: whether they would merge into one. The ‘yes’ vote won, although with such a narrow margin and, above all, such a low level of participation that the union did not come together. Four years later, just jump into the air. February 20, 2022. To understand what just happened in Extremadura you have to go back at least four years, to February 20, 2022when the residents of Don Benito and Villanueva de la Serena held a referendum to decide whether to unite into a single town. Both town halls are located in Badajoz, they are separated by a few kilometers almost completely urbanized and share services like a hospital complex. Furthermore, in 2022 both were governed by PSOE mayors and they were in favor of their respective consistories embracing each other as one. A muted ‘yes’. The referendum backed the merger, which for a time seemed to clear the future of ‘Vegas-Altas’, the name under which he wanted to be baptized the new village. The problem is that that support was not strong enough to close the debate. To begin with, participation in the 2022 vote was modest for a decision of such significance: in Villanueva (25,873 neighbors) 58.94% of the census participated; in Don Benito (37,310) 50.42%. In the first location, 90.49% of the votes supported the alliance; but in Don Benito only 66.27% did so. It may seem like a high percentage, but the town councils had agreed that to move forward the support had to be at least 66%. That is to say, in Don Benito the procedure was passed by a few votes. As if that were not enough, there is another fundamental factor: the referendum was actually a popular consultation with advisory naturenon-binding. The merger was never ratified in a plenary session nor did the Board approve any constitutive decree. Only a protocol was signed in 2023 that remained a dead letter. Buried and buried well. That was almost five years ago. If the failed merger between Don Benito and Villanueva de la Serena is news again Now it is because, after more than four years without real progress, the first town (the most populated) has decided to definitively bury the union. Although the project has been stalled for some time, the Dombeniense Government, now led by the PP and Always Don Benitohas definitively shelved the idea. On Monday the municipal plenary session unanimously approved a motion declaring its definitive stoppage. What’s more, for “reasons of transparency, legal certainty and political clarity”, the Don Benito City Council has decided Formally communicate your decision to all the parties involved: the Ministry, the Government of Extremadura, the Provincial Council of Badajoz and of course the Villanueva City Council. Their approach is simple: they want to continue “collaborating” with their neighbor, but without ‘going through the altar’, limiting their agreements to the Comprehensive Services Association that already exists. “It’s not the time”. Don Benito’s decision is not important just because of what he says. Equally or even more relevant is who says it. The motion has passed with the unanimity of the plenarywhich means that all groups are in favor of putting it in the box. Including the PSOE, the party that promoted it in 2022. Each party (PP, Siempre Don Benito and PSOE) puts forward its own arguments and places emphasis on one issue or another, but the reading seems clear: the merger has it very complicated even if there is a change of government in 2027. “This is not the time to talk about the merger now,” assume in the PSOE, which advocates “recovering the economy and exciting the neighbors again.” Crossover of arguments. The case of Don Benito and Villanueva de la Serena is interesting beyond the province of Badajoz or Extremadura because it shows how difficult it is (on a political and social level) to unite two town councils. And in this case the neighbors had a good handful of arguments in favor. Beyond the economic and service cohesion that already exists, in 2021 the University of Extremadura published a report which concluded that the new urban area would be the second economic center of Badajoz and the first at the regional level in agriculture and livestock. According to their calculations, ‘marriage’ would increase household income by 2.75% and employment by 5%. Together they would add up today to a population of around 64,000 registeredmore than Merida. Opponents of the merger they put the accent at another point. They argue that the project is nothing more than “the result of a political decision driven in haste, without the necessary social consensus and without rigorous technical planning.” In fact, they regret that in February 2022, “the legal complexity” of the link was not clearly explained to the neighbors, nor were its “risks” and “real costs.” Broadening the focus. Except for a very strange surprise, everything indicates that the dream of Vegas Altas It will remain just that: a dream. In Spain, however, there are other examples of local mergers that have gone ahead. Two of the most recent are those of Oza dos Ríos-Cesuras and Cerdedo-Cotobadeboth in Galicia. The first It was forged in 2013setting a milestone that has not been experienced since 1981, and the second in 2016. Although in Galicia the processes advanced more agilely than in Extremadura, they have not been free of challenges. In 2022 The Country still warned of the challenges that Oza Cesuras had ahead of him a decade after his marriage, with unfulfilled investments and timid changes. In Galicia there has continued to be talk about some other unionalthough without landing them. Why does it cost so much? The million dollar question. In Spain there are almost 1,400 municipalities … Read more

2,000 years ago they wanted to build a temple to the goddess Minerva in Cuenca. They ended up doing it in the most unlikely place

In a quarry one expects to basically find workers, machinery and stacked blocks. It is like this today and it was probably like this (with obvious differences) in times of the Roman Empire, when the stonemasons of Hispania dug in the mountains and caves of the peninsula in search of deposits. In a quarry exploited between the 1st and 4th centuries AD in Cuenca, archaeologists have however found Anything else: a temple of 2,000 years dedicated to Minerva. From a simple quarry to a temple. What has happened? that archaeologists have found a fascinating find in Carrascosa del Campo, in the municipality of Campos del Paraíso (Cuenca): a temple dedicated to the goddess Minerva. The discovery is interesting because of the value of the carving itself, but what makes it really special is its context. The aedicula It was not erected in the center of a city, the courtyard of a wealthy villa or on the walls of a sanctuary. The votive piece was carved into the rock of a quarry. Its creators carved it in front of the site, a place where it was surely easier to meet stonemasons than priests. What is the sanctuary like? The temple is located in a place known as Peña de la Saceda and experts estimate that it was carved between mid-2nd century and early 3rd century AD The complex is made up of pilasters, capitals, a triangular pediment and a carved entablature, which imitates a small sanctuary. Although the representation of the goddess Minerva has been greatly deteriorated over the centuries, experts have identified her traditional attributes (helmet, spear and peplum) and an owl, an icon used as a symbol of the goddess. Do we know anything else? “There is barely a glimpse of the goddess Minerva. What can be clearly seen is an owl, which is the totemic bird that represents Minera,” explains in the SER Juan Carlos Guisado di Monti, one of the archaeologists who signed the article from the magazine Mantva in which the discovery was revealed. The relief is accompanied by a brief inscription at the bottom of the aedicula, in which can be read: “Minervae dominae Ploti vs cun svo comitato”, that is to say: “To Minerva Domina, (dedicated) Plotius Vigor with his retinue.” And where did they find it? That’s the key. The temple, 0.7 m wide by 0.5 m high, was conceived as “a small facade carved directly into one of the stone fronts of the quarry.” Its authors carved the complex out of sandstone rock, and they did so in the quarry itself, not in a remote space. This is not a minor detail, since it tells us about a connection between the profane and the sacred, how a quarry, an a priori functional space focused on work, could also acquire a sacred meaning with a sanctuary dedicated to the goddess of wisdom, arts, strategy and craftsmanship. Is it something unique? “There are other temples dedicated to gods in other quarries, but in Spain until now none dedicated to Minerva had been discovered. This is the most important and surprising discovery, because it suggests that the quarry workers made their ‘votes’ to the goddess, for the work they were doing,” details in elDiario Dionisio Urbina, who has directed the excavations at the Roman site for more than a decade. Equally relevant is the brief inscription located at the bottom of the temple and which includes the formula “cum suo comitato”which suggests to archaeologists that the offering was not individual, but rather came from a group. What were the quarries? The temple was located just 15 km from Segóbrigaan important deposit that includes a theater inaugurated in the time of Emperor Vespasian, in the 1st century AD. As the authors of the study recall, the area was also known for the mines of lapis specularisa selenite gypsum stone highly appreciated in Rome for the manufacture of windows and whose exploitation generated wealth in the region. Now the temple discovered in Carrascosa del Campo reveals something else to us: the veneration of Minerva. “The rock sanctuary of Minerva constitutes a find of special value. The old quarry, transformed into a place of devotion, shows how the Roman religion was not only expressed in the large urban or peri-urban sanctuaries, but also in rural and productive enclaves where the community, the workers or their promoters sought protection and left both their veneration of the goddess and the memory of their vow inscribed in the rock,” they conclude the researchers. The discovery, yes, has come accompanied by some controversy. After the news circulated in recent days in general media, the director of the Cerro de la Muela excavation recalled that the work is still “in progress” and regretted what he considers an “unauthorized dissemination” of the results. Images | Government of Castilla-La Mancha and Wikipedia In Xataka | In 1778 Mozart attempted to teach composition to a French noblewoman. It didn’t go well at all, but thanks to her we now have unpublished works

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