Europe

In 1958 France approved a nuclear plan to defend itself without the US. Russia has turned the plan into a reality for Europe

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It happened in 1958, but now it cannot be more relevant. Then, General Charles de Gaulle had a vision of the need for France to maintain some strategic dependence by launching the Nuclear deterrence policy Sovereign, a kind of nuclear umbrella arguing that, although the United States was an ally, its interests may not always coincide with those of Europe. It has spent more than half a century and, suddenly, the continent has set the French nuclear doctrine against American uncertainty. The possible extension of the shield. It was French president Emmanuel Macron who He raised the possibility to associate French nuclear deterrence with the defense of other European countries. Although its ad It could explicitly spread To other nations. In this regard, the French Defense Minister, Sébastien Lecornu, reiterated that the nuclear arsenal will remain completely Frenchunder the only authority of the president. However, the key issue is whether France could assume a more active role in the continent nuclear defense. The (in) definition. Historically, French nuclear doctrine has been ambiguous with the threat of a massive response if France’s “vital interests” were in danger. However, these interests have never been defined precisely. From the presidency of De Gaulle, France has suggested that some European countries were already de facto, Under your protection. In fact, in 1964 De Gaulle declared that a Soviet attack against Germany could be interpreted as a threat to France. We remember that France and the United Kingdom are the only European nations with nuclear weapons. France counts With almost 300 eyeletsdeployed in airplanes and submarines, while the United Kingdom has approximately 250. Thus, there is a crucial difference: France maintains total independence in the development and operation of its arsenal, while the United Kingdom depends on US technology. Europe thinks about it. Actually, what has really changed in this debate is not the French proposal, but the attitude of the rest of Europe. Until recent United States and NATO. This idea has jumped through the air with the second mandate of Donald Trump, added to his current rhetoric of reduce military support To Europe, which has generated a change of perspective. Countries Like Germany They have seriously considered the option of a European nuclear shield. Moreover, the next German chancellor Friedrich Merz, surprised his allies by suggesting that it was time to open a dialogue with France and the United Kingdom about the possibility of reinforcing European nuclear deterrence. Scenarios for the alleged nuclear shield. Analysts have become more or less according to the time of summarize the options. There is talk of a deployment of French airplanes with nuclear weapons in other countries, Like Germany or Poland. The decision to use them would continue to be in the exclusive hands of the French president, but his presence would send a disjection message. Also of patrol of French nuclear bombers in European borders, as they do in French airspace, and the creation of air bases in other European countries, allowing a rapid deployment of French nuclear forces in case of crisis. The importance of eyelets. We would say that key for obvious reasons. The number of eyelets is a crucial factor. As we said, France has 300 nuclear heads, and together with The 250 of the United Kingdomthe total number would reach 550. The problem: which is significantly lower than Russian Arsenalwhich exceeds approximately 6,000 eyelets (the majority in reserve), although it is often clarified that the deterrence does not depend only on the amount of weapons, but on the credible and fast response capacity. Another aspect under discussion is if France should modify its nuclear doctrine to explicitly include the defense of its European allies within its “vital interests”. Some analysts argue that maintaining strategic ambiguity is part of the deterrence itself, but others argue that a clear statement of commitment would strengthen trust among European allies. The Russian threat. Although France has M51 missilescapable of reaching Moscow and other great Russian cities with enormous destructive power, Moscow’s ability to respond is, what is much greater. According to estimates in Russian media, a single Missile “Satan II” It could “atomize Paris In 200 seconds“, which underlines the risks of a direct confrontation. The problem lies, in addition, that Russia, given its geographical extension, could resist a prolonged nuclear exchange, while France lacks that strategic advantage. This asymmetry in the ability of mutual destruction raises doubts about the effectiveness of French deterrence in case of a conflict with Russia. If the “yes” occurs. In any case, what seems clear is that if France manages to expand its nuclear role within Europe with the support of the United Kingdom, this would represent a crucial step towards the strategic autonomy of the EU. The deployment of combat aircraft with nuclear capacity in Eastern Europe would not only strengthen the defense of the continent, but would send a clear political sign of unity and determination to Russia. It would be to see, of course, what would be Moscow’s reaction. Image | James Vaughan In Xataka | Europe rescues an old plan to defend Ukraine without a third World War: Sky Shield and its 120 combat planes In Xataka | Ukraine will lose his most powerful weapon in the US. That will give Russia an unprecedented advantage: attack more than 30 kilometers

The demographic debacle in Europe, exposed on this map with a misleading guest: Monaco

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A few days ago we commented that Spain’s demographic engine is gripped. Very few babies are born Every day, they are not enough for the generational relief and, although we are heading to the record of inhabitants, this is thank you to immigration. In addition, more babies are born than 41 -year -old mothers than 25but it is not an exclusive problem from Spain. And, to understand the scope in our most immediate environment, let’s see this graph prepared by Visual Capitalist which shows the fertility rate in Europe: Fertility rate. It is the average number of children that a woman would have throughout her reproductive life (period between 15 and 49 years). It is estimated that 2.1 children per woman is the right rate for generational relief and is a long -term indicator. Bad news: according to UN estimates by 2025, in Europe there is no country that reaches that desired fertility rate. A small green redoubt. Well, there is one: Monaco. The problem is that it is not something that is important in a Europe that has a very low fertility rate because its population is extremely small (only 39,000 residents) and any change in the indicator that is significantly alters the measurements. The economy is not a problem in Monaco. Montenegro with 1.8 and Romania with 1.7 are the ones that complete the podium. In the lower part, we have Ukraine (which, due to their situation, is not representative) and countries such as Malta or Andorra with a rate of 1.1. Spain, next to Italy, San Marino or Lithuania, is also closer to the well than to see the light due to a rate of 1.2. Decay. There are already those who said that The true challenge of the 21st century It would be the demographic because, although by 2080 we will be 2.3 billion more people On the planet, not all territories will grow homogeneously. In the European case, there are a number of issues that have formed the perfect cocktail so that both birth rates (births per 1,000 inhabitants) and fertility have collapsed in recent years. The Independence age has increased These last two decades, standing above 30 years on average in the Spanish case. The rental price for the clouds prevents assets from saving or raising a child. And this, together with cultural factors, has caused the downturn of the fertility rate. A few decades ago, in fact, worldwide It was five children per woman. Today we settle for the aforementioned 2.1. Immigration. That this generational relay does not occur has a multitude of implications, two of the most visible being the impossibility of maintaining systems such as pension and the lack of labor personnel. Now, something that can make the renovation rate immigration. In the Spanish case, four out of ten jobs From January to June 2024 they were covered by an immigrant, but in birth, immigration also has a positive impact. In 2021, almost a third of babies born in Spain, 32.4%, He had at least one foreign father or mother. With the magnifying glass in hand, 42% were of Latin American origin, 28% African, 22% European and 7% Asian. Now, something that has been observed is that fertility rates of immigrant mothers tend to line with that of the local population. World problem. As we say, beyond in Europe, demography is A problem in many countries. But although in this article we have put the focus on the countries of our environment because the representation of the Visual Capitalist map is very clear, if we look at the East, the situation is devastating. South Korea either Japan They have suffered a demographic debacle. China, more of the same, and although the three countries have launched many Measures to stop that depopulationsomething they have in common is the intention of reactivating their population thanks to the immigrant labor. Either in the field… either hiring babysitters so that fathers and mothers can get to work. Returning to Europe, what all graphics and measurements indicate is that it is not a passing problem, but a long -term challenge with very deep implications. In Asia there are countries that seem trace with some proposalsbut it is something that will be seen in the medium and long term. In Xataka | The population of Japan has aged so much that the country is living the closure of thousands of schools

With the first 100% successful launch of Ariane 6, Europe has started leaving the sad well in which I was in which

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Europe already has the two rockets totally operational They put it in a mess: Vega-C and Ariane 6. The European Space Agency (ESA) breathes relieved, but knows that it is not the same to recover autonomous access to space as to compete with Spacex. For that, more investment in private companies will need. The Ariane 6 rocket has flown, now, without mishaps of any kind The rocket for heavy loads ariane 6 of that He has successfully completed his first commercial flight. After numerous delays, the rocket took off in its Ariane 62 configuration (with two lateral propellers and a short cofa) from the always cloudy European space port in the French Guiana. The launch operated by Arianespace was impeccable, both in rocket yield as in live broadcastwhich had four cameras aboard the pitcher. In this second launch, the first commercial and the first totally successful, the Ariane 6 put in Heliosíncrona orbit the spy cso-3 satellite of the armed forces of France. He did 1 hour and 6 minutes after takeoff, 800 km altitude. The CSO-3 satellite has thus joined its precursors CSO-1 and CSO-2, launched in 2018 and 2020 by Soyuz rockets, before the EU forbade collaboration with Russia. The new French recognition network offers optical and infrared images with unprecedented quality for France and its allies. The Ariane 6 rocket, developed by Arianegroup for ESA, is therefore operational. His first launch, held in July 2024 (one year after Ariane 5 flew for the last time) was successful in the takeoff and deployment of several satellites, but failed to exorbitar, leaving two reentry capsules strained in orbit that were part of the mission. A temperature parameter out of the rank caused the rocket software to prevent the third ignition of the Vinci engine of the upper stage. A software update was enough to face the second launch, although it has occurred almost eight months after Ariane 6 debut. Europe begins to recover its sovereignty in space ESA already sees light at the end of the tunnel. The European launch crisis caused by the delays of the Ariane 6 heavy rocket and the incidents of the Vega-C light rocket reduced the number of annual flights to only threethe minimum of 15 years. Strategic missions such as Galileo (European GPS) or Spanish military satellite spainsat ng 1 They had to be thrown by Spacex. By 2025, ESA plans to make 10 space releases, six from Ariane 6 (including the first Ariane 64 with four propellers) and four vega-c. It is far behind the nearly 200 launches scheduled by the United States (mainly, Spacex Starlink missions), but it is a number that is closer to the goal of recovering autonomous access to space, something that becomes special importance with the Europe rearme announced by Ursula von der Leyen. Josef Aschbacher, general director of ESA, said that the United States It allocates five times more public money to the space sector that Europe, which explains the gap in the rhythm of launches and the manufacture of satellites. The question is whether Ariane 6 and Vega-C, which are not reusable rockets, can even compete with Spacex’s falcon. And as Aschbacher knows no, that is tending all kinds of contracts for a new generation of reusable European pitchers, in which companies such as the Spanish PLD Space participate. Image | Arianegroup In Xataka | China and Europe are investing a fortune in their own Starlink: the US advantage is too big to ignore it

Europe already has its master lines to consolidate the electric car. And along the way it will copy China’s tactics

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The European Commission has submitted its proposal to boost the electric car in Europe. A proposal that arrives with various open fronts, that opens its hand with the manufacturers in the field of short -term broadcasts and that points to greater protectionism against China. These are the master lines of a plan that should gradually approve in various lines of action. What do we have? The proposal of the European Commission, led by Ursula von der Leyen, to promote the use and electric car production in the medium term. The intention of Europe remains to electrify much of the fleet of vehicles that circulate on our roads for which it is expected to allocate 1.8 billion euros. The proposal will have to be approved in various packages by the European Parliament and the Council of Europe. It remains, therefore, to receive the approval of the countries to carry out measures that take into account from the regulations for the production of batteries. Emissions. It is undoubtedly the most controversial aspect. Advanced by the president herself From the European Commission last Monday, manufacturers will have up to 2027 to comply with the limits of emissions that should be applied this year under the threat of fines that could be one thousand millionaire. The idea was to sanction all manufacturers that They will exceed 93.6 gr/km of CO2 Maximum fleet sold with 95 euros per gram overcome and car sold. That put manufacturers such as the Volkswagen Group against fines that could approach 7,000 million euros. If approved (von der Leyen aspires to be a rapid procedure) manufacturers will have to comply with that limit of 93.6 gr/km of CO2 in 2027 but it will be an average emissions of the last three years. That is, they will be able to overcome this year and compensate in the coming years to enter within the maximum limits set. China. Before China’s competition, Europe seeks to arm. He wants to do it with a comprehensive strategy that facilitates the production of batteries for electric cars on European soil and putting obstacles, as we will see, to use bridge to countries with special commercial treaties with the European Union. What Europe wants to do is simply Copy the tactic that China has been applying more than 20 years. The European Commission speaks of “ensuring that investments from countries external to the European Union benefit local companies and help improve long -term competitiveness.” To achieve this, they hold in The countrythe European Commission is willing to support that foreign manufacturers ally with local companies and, in this way, facilitate the transfer of knowledge. When China positioned itself as a cheap and attractive soil for vehicle manufacturers, it used this tactic: who would like to manufacture in China would have all the facilities but should Alder yes or yes with a local manufacturer. The only one that has avoided it has been Tesla But it has arrived much later and in another context than its rivals. The Morocco Bridge. In recent months, Morocco and Türkiye They were positioning themselves as a very attractive market for Chinese companies. Their specific commercial treaties with the European Union allowed them to skip tariffs on electric cars while obtaining a cheap labor. The European Commission wants to end that and force companies to manufacture on continental soil. However, we will have to see what repercussions this has if it goes ahead. There are European companies, such as Stellantis either Renaultthat already contribute the advantages that Morocco offers them to manufacture their cheapest cars and lower profit margin. Europe’s notice in this regard is clear and, if necessary, they will use “the use of commercial defense instruments, such as anti -subvent measures, to protect European unfair competition companies”: Purchase aid. It was one of the great questions and we have barely obtained an answer. The possibility of standardizing the aid to the purchase and that Europe directly apply the discount on the purchase of the car and deliver the money corresponding to the dealerships is rumored for a long time. In Spain We continue without MOVES Plan But so far criticisms have always pointed to long waiting to collect the subsidy. The money delivered was European but currently has to go through the Spanish State that distributes it between the autonomous communities and they manage aid. This way of working can cause more aid to be approved than money available, extending the waiting time to collect. In other countries, Like Portugal or Germanythe discount was directly reflected at the time of purchase. That aid is then processed by the manufacturer who presents the documentation to the State and receives the corresponding money. The processes are expedited, there is greater transparency and greater security is created in the face of the client receiving the money as soon as possible. However, the European Commission has only assured that “it will actively work with member states to optimize these incentive systems for consumers”, without giving more details. Photo | European Commission In Xataka | Europe had a plan to jump into the electric car and 2025 was its first fire test. The manufacturers have ended it

8,000 years ago a group of farmers crossed the Aegean Sea. Its trail can still be seen in the DNA in Media Europe

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A little before 7,000 before Christ, the western hunters-gatherers and the center of the Anatolia They started cultivating. It seems likely and unimportant. But that little change ended up causing a deep social, economic and demographic reorganization of the entire European continent. And it is not an exaggeration. It was so strong that even today we can see her on the maps. PH2TER What are we talking about? Between 6,000 and 4,000 before Christ, those Neolithic Farmers of Anatolia They began to move beyond the Aegean And, progressively, they took agriculture to Europe and North Africa. They thus became the ancestral genetic component of this whole area of ​​the world. Subsequently, the arrival of the shepherds of the western steppe (the known as Yamnaya culture) He finished configuring the basic genetics of the historical peoples of Europe, but the strength of the legacy of the anatolian farmers remained very strong. Above all, in the south of the continent. How can this know? Taking into account that the databases are even more incomplete than we would like and, therefore, there is always enough speculative content, a map can be built by comparing historical and contemporary samples. On the map, you can see a spectrum in which blue represents populations with greater “genetic distance“With the neolithic anatolic farmers and the red the slightest distance. And, to tell the truth, it has enough surprises. Detlef Gronenborn, Barbara Horejs, Börner, Obe Who is who (genetically speaking)? As usually explained, in the European countries of the Mediterranean there is a greater genetic closeness with the first European farmers. Specifically, Greece and Italy are the sites with the greatest closeness. Sardinia, of which we already knew that They were a very unique genetic populationit seems that the palm is taken. As a curiosity, it seems that current anatolia is not so great. Paleogenetics for beginners. All this is still a curiosity of an amateur forum (one that presumably has serious reliability problems as we approach detail). However, it is a good example of the enormous depth that genetic studies give us to understand the intrahistory of humanity. As we said Half decade ago“Paleogenetic techniques are like Galileo’s telescope: they let us see where we could not until now, but we need to accumulate evidence, works and studies to know what is true and what is a mirage.” As happened with carbon-14 techniques (it took almost 40 years to be reliable to one hundred percent), we are about to see how the past changes. Image | PH2TER | In Xataka | The past of the future: how science changes (constantly) our way of seeing dinosaurs and the past in general

Europe had a plan to jump into the electric car and 2025 was its first fire test. The manufacturers have ended it

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It had been rumored for a long time and has ended up confirming. The European Commission will make the maximum pollutant emissions that manufacturers will be fostered if they do not want to be fined with sanctions that promised to be one thousand millionaires. The pact that has been reached is a small three -year moratorium that postpon the problem to 2027. These are the key points. What we had. What was on the table was a road map designed to jump into the electric car gradually. By 2035 it is planned prohibit cars that are not “carbon neutrals.” That is, it is expected that combustion engines can be still used with hydrogen either synthetic fuels that during their production they absorb CO2 and, therefore, equal their small pollutant emissions expelled with the use But the truth is that these They should be more than mere exceptions. In 2030, an emission limit is so high that it should not allow the sale of cars that, at least, are not plug -in hybrid. And in 2025 very high fines were expected for those who exceeded 93.6 gr/km of CO2 on average in the car fleet sold. The regulations said that for each gram of CO2 exceeded in the fleet of cars sold it would be punished with a fine of 95 euros per car sold. That is, if the fleet average is 98.6 gr/km of CO2, the fine would be multiplied by five. Each car sold would face a sanction of 475 euros. A manufacturer that sells a million cars in the EU would face a penalty of 475 million euros. What changes. Little and a lot. The president of the European Commission, Ursula von der Leyen, has presented The conclusions of the second meeting of the table known as Strategic Dialogue for the future of the European Automobile Industry. In his second point he points out that there is “a clear demand to make the CO2 emission standards more flexible.” This flexibility is a kind of moratorium for manufacturers. Yes, they will have to comply with that emission limit of 93.6 gr/km of CO2 but will do so in 2027. Then they will present their results that will result from an average of sales of 2025, 2026 and 2027. Millionaire fines There are, therefore, in suspense. Trying to content everyone. According to Von der Leyen, the current emission limits are maintained in 2027 so as not to punish those who have done the job before anyone else but believes that the industry needs “more margin of maneuver and greater clarity, without changing the agreed objectives.” The changes, of course, need to be approved. The president of the European Commission It is optimistic In this sense, pointing out that an amendment as specific as this should be approved in very short space of time. On March 5 we will know more details with the presentation of an action plan that also contemplates the production of battery for electric cars within the European Union, among other measures. The big beneficiaries. Among the big beneficiaries are, of course, those who were not going to comply with emission regulations and aimed to overcome it widely. The biggest beneficiary is, with much difference, the Volkswagen Group, according to calculations collected by The automotive tribune. The German conglomerate pointed to a penalty of 6,914 million euros with the sales and emission data of 2024. Mercedes, who had received a fine of more than 1,000 million euros with the figures last year, is the other great beneficiary although there was already talk that he could have reached an agreement with Volvo or Polestar, among others, to form a pool of emissions before the European Union that will free them from the sanction. Now both manufacturers have time to launch mass electric cars (Volkswagen awaits you to 2026/2027) or, like Mercedes, which sell large volumes within the figures they usually handle. He Mercedes Cla It is the great hope for this year and the coming. Losers? If we take a look at the figures of 2024, Stellantis and the Renault, Nissan and Mitsubishi alliance could also breathe calm since the fines could exceed 2,000 million euros if the data last year is taken as a reference. However, both groups have made important efforts to reach 2025 with electric cars that aspire to sell good quantities and, thus, reduce the middle emissions of the fleet. Stellantis has made an investment of 30,000 million euros on Stla platforms of greater and smaller size and software development, with the aim of accommodating electrical and hybrid mechanics in the same space. He Peugeot E-3008for example, it is a good attempt to sell large volumes of electric. Renault, meanwhile, has also made a giant leap in the electric car market in the last two years (winner of two Car of the Year consecutive along the way). His Renault Scenic and his new Renault 5 They are cars to move large sales figures which should significantly reduce the average emission. Those who surely lose. Those who have lost with the play are, of course, the manufacturers of electric cars exclusively. And, more specifically, those who aspired to get a good sum negotiating with their emission bonds to get the companies out of the possible sanctions. It could be a good impulse for Volvo, which has a very high part of its widely electrified range and, above all, to contain that It does not go through its best moment economic. But the one who loses the most is Tesla. The company had a complicated 2024 and is about to see if it reverses the situation in 2025. The sale of your emission bonds They were highly coveted because their sales volume in Europe is relatively high, it had to grow with the arrival of the Tesla Model and updated And it has no combustion engines that criminalize it in the least. Photo | Volkswagen In Xataka | Spain will manufacture the electric car that … Read more

We already know why mobile phones with 6,000Mah are not arriving in Europe: there is a clear responsible

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He Xiaomi 15 Ultra It is already in our hands. Your hardware is impressive: it has the Best Qualcomm processora camera system that paints spectacular and a software enhanced by AI (which high range can afford to do it). But there is a specification that collided: its 5.410mah battery. In China, the phone is sold with a 6,000Mah battery, a remarkably greater capacity than that of its European twin brother. Daniel Desjarlais, head of communication globally at Xiaomi, has dissipated us personally. We already know why the European model has a smaller battery. The two versions. The Xiaomi Ultra 15 is almost the same as the Chinese model. There is a small difference at the software level, since the Chinese ROM does not have Google services, much less with the new integration with Gemini that they have released on this phone. However, the model that lands in Europe does so with a 5.410mah battery. It is a considerable size, but far from what its Chinese variant offers. Cost savings. The explanation is simple and clear: cost savings. Xiaomi has not given concrete figures on how percent the cost of bringing a 6,000Mah battery device but, at least at this time, is significant enough so that they cannot reach Europe. “The 6.000Mah battery would have led to an improper cost increase in global devices. We must try to find a balance between giving our users everything we can and how much will cost.” Daniel explains that importing phones from China has a cost, and that the company seeks a balance between bringing models to Europe with the best specifications, and that the price does not continue to increase. The Xiaomi 15 Ultra has better speers than last year’s model, but maintains the same price in our territory. Silicon-carbon as ally. There is a main responsible for, finally, the 5,000mAh batteries cease to be the artificial top we had been seeing for years. The Silicon-Carbon batteries They are the new fashion, and allow manufacturers to integrate much more capacity in the same size. This is why they have been able to increase the capacity of the Xiaomi 15 in more than 600mAh compared to its predecessor, and so that the Xiaomi 15 Ultra has some more battery than the ultra 14 (the previous model had 5,300mAh). Companies such as Honor also sell their Magic7 Pro with almost 6,000Mah battery in China, staying only in 5,270mah in Europe. A trend that we hope is ending up reversing according to the costs of this type of batteries are descending over time. Image | Xataka In Xataka | Android gigantic batteries are a double -edged sword: give free track to increase power to absurd

Tesla sales in Europe have sunk 45% and their shares are paying expensive. It’s not even your worst news

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The beginning of 2025 is not being the best for Tesla. Sales of electric cars in Europe have shot last January but their sales have fallen to worrying levels. The prospects for investors are not good. These are the data. A new fall. Two weeks ago, we counted on Xataka that the price of the action in Tesla marched in free fall. So, its price was $ 336 when we wrote that item. Subsequently, the price increased slightly but has fallen again And when we write these lines, the barrier of 300 dollars has already broken, accumulating a drop of almost 20% in less than a week. To be below $ 300 is to walk towards November 2024 levels. That same month he had started with good news for Tesla in the stock market, since it started from about 250 dollars/action. Then it went up to a peak of about 480 dollars/action. The fall has been more or less constant since then, mid -December 2024. With the last fall, we talk about a setback of almost 30% in what we have been. A setback that for many is related to Elon Musk’s approach to Donald Trump and the fall of sales of his cars. For others, it is as simple as The price of the shares was swollen And now we are living a readjustment. In a political key. Is it affecting the Elon Musk’s political positioning To sales and shares of Tesla? We evidently speak of sensations because the fall in sales may be due to different circumstances and establishing a direct line between the two situations is only One more of the possible interpretations. It is true that In CaliforniaTraditionally progressive state, the sales of its Tesla Model 3 fell 36% in 2024, while in the United States the setback the setback was 12%. And the messages in the cars warning that the driver bought the car “Before Elon (Musk) went crazy” They seem more common every day. Likewise, your approach to ultra -right -wing positions in Europe can undermine sales. Especially in Germany where Musk has shown its support to AFDthe party that has triumphed throughout the east of the country except in the capital, Berlin, where the company has a Gigafabrica that has raised controversy since its opening until possible extensions. The data. Pure and hard. Because the influence of Elon Musk’s political positioning on Tesla’s sales is still a sensation. What can be talked about is numbers. And the results are being bad. Bad to the point that its fall is 45% in Europe, just when the electric car rises. They are ACEA data. The fall in Spain was especially striking. In January 268 Tesla cars were enrolled in our country, a decrease of -75.50% compared to January 2024, according to ANFAC data. But it is much more serious in France and Germany, since they are the markets with the highest volume of electric vehicles in Europe. In Germany, Tesla enrolled 1,277 cars (The lowest figure since July 2021). The fall was 54% and the market share went from 14% to 4% among electric cars. With 1,141 units sold, In France sales fell 63%. TESLA EUROPE SALES VS Electric cars sold in Europe A key year. Staying behind and losing market share in 2025 is especially serious for the company this 2025 in Europe. It is expected that, threatened by fines of billions of euros, the volume of electric and plug -in hybrids rises considerably. This will force to reduce prices and put the complicated things to Tesla. The first month of 2025 has already served to take the pulse, always according to data from Acea. Electric sales in Europe have grown by 34% compared to the same figure last year, adding 124,341 cars by the 92,781 electric cars last year in January. And most importantly, results are traced in France (0.5%drop) which is the second largest market in Europe and rises in the most popular. In Germany, which last year dealt with these dates with the sudden withdrawal of aid, grows 53.5%. Belgium is now the third country that buys more electric (growth of 37.2%) and the Netherlands also rises a lot (+28.2%). Already outside the European Union, the United Kingdom has gone from 20,935 to 29,634 electric cars last January (+41.6%). Tesla market share in the general market (including combustion) and electric in Europe Let’s not forget. In spite of everything, there is something we cannot forget about: Tesla is immersed in a restructuring of the range of its best -selling model. He Tesla Model and has received a Important face washing that many purchases may have delayed and whose impact we will not see until after a few months, when the new units are enrolled. In its launch, Tesla opted for a version that forced 60,000 euros to spend in the car. A price that not many have been willing to pay. Shortly after, the company confirmed that the renovation reached the entire range, with a much more restrained output price of 44,990 euros. In the same way, it remains to be known (and we will only see it with the passing of the months) how it is going to the Tesla Model 3. With its renovation it received a strong support in sales but taking into account the sales figures of the Q4 of 2024, where the company did everything possible to improve the figures of the previous year, it is very likely that there is a Stock surplus to which they now have to give way and that the data of these first months would be resorting. Losing rhythm. The problem for Tesla is that, as we see in the superior image, it is in its market share among the lowest electric vehicles in the last year. In all 2024, no month broke the 10% market share barrier. There were periods in which almost one in three electric cars bought in Europe was a Tesla. Losing pace is a … Read more

Spain has filled Europe with excellent tomatoes that do not know anything. It’s time to step further

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The story is known: last year, the reputed French socialist policy Ségolène Royal gave a television interview in BFM.TV in which I accused Spanish tomatoes of being “false bio”to “deceive the consumer” and come to say that they were “surable.” Government, agricultural associations and personalities Like Jose Andrés They went out in Tromba to defend the Spanish product. So and today, the controversy should be to ask ourselves if there is something to learn from all this. But let’s start with the obvious. Spanish tomatoes are excellent. For decades, in fact, Spain has been the international reference of this product, and doing so is not easy. Remember that tomato is the fruit and vegetable culture more valuable What world. Only in 2021 they were consumed in the world More than 189 million of metric tons and represents 31% of all the vegetables that occur in Europe. That is, there is a lot of money in the tomato and there are many countries behind that money. Spain would not have been for years One of the great exporters of tomatoes from the world, nor would it have conquered all European markets, without extremely high quality and standards. Well know in Almería that a small failure It takes you out of the market in a matter of days. The kings of tomato … commercial. In fact, if we go down to detail, Spain nails three main types of best -selling tomatoes internationally: the balls, the Saladette and the cocktail. Within these typologies, the varieties of the Spanish field continue to excel in color, size and useful life. The problem is not that. The problem has never been that. The problem is that we have given Europe (and the rest of the world) just what they wanted: colorful tomatoes, good size and easy to handle “post-recreational.” And we have done it at a good price. That is, we have given them the best possible commercial tomatoes. The problem is that these tomatoes do not know Tomate. And commercial tomatoes lost the taste. In 2017, a team of researchers from the University of Florida led by Harry Klee They analyzed 398 different varieties of tomatoes with the idea of ​​tracing the genetic bases of their organoleptic qualities. His conclusions were that, while the smell-for-the balance of fruits such as banana and strawberry depend on a single volatile compound (or very few), “the tomato needs about 25 different compounds to build its unmistakable organoleptic identity. “ The composition. That are dozens of amino acids, sugars and well -balanced volatile compounds. A chemical balance that on the way to find better colors, sizes and durability, became something very difficult to maintain. And that, in fact, it has not been maintained: it is a common place to say that the tomatoes no longer know tomato, but the investigation He supports it. According to Klee and his team, commercial varieties only have 13 of the 25 volatile compounds that give the smell of tomato. There is life beyond commercial varieties. Faced with these varieties of great views, productivity and durability, we have other types of tomatoes: what is called ‘Heirloom’ (of ‘inheritance’ or ‘family relic’). A tailor drawer to talk about local or regional varieties, with little circulation, whose development process has allowed them to maintain a well-balanced flavor. It is not a miracle. We talk about less productive tomatoes (the plant can ensure more sugar in each fruit) and that, being little resistant to post-harvest handling “, have shorter distribution chains that allow greater maturation in Mata. That is, their technical limitations play against their commercialization, but in favor of their flavor. As is obvious, Spain is full of tomatoes of this type. Not only Barbastro’s pink tomato or Tudela’s ugly, no. The list is endless: the Montgrí de Girona, the Cor de Bou, the Mutxamel of Alicante, the Galician monfortes, the Avoa de Osdo, the tomatoes of the Sierra de la Culebra, the black tomato safe, the Mallorcan Valldemassa and a long etc. . No one in their healthy judgment can bite a well -matured mutxamel and take seriously that Spanish tomatoes do not know anything. I don’t know if Ségolène Royal compared a Spanish commercial tomato with A French Heirloom variety or simply I was doing politicsbut it is true that beyond all The inaccuracies and tone outputsthere is something interesting about what we can reflect as a country. Spain and the tomatoes of the future. In 2022 and for the first time in history, Moroccan tomato sold more than Spanish. And not a little: sold 21.3%. Gradually, the United Kingdom and especially France have begun to replace Spanish tomatoes for those from the other side of the Strait. There are many reasons behind this, but few solutions. And, although Spain is still very strong in the rest of Europe and is opening a hole in the North American market, the ‘sorpasso’ is a warning to navigators. The regulatory advantage of belonging to the EU is getting rid And what we started to see is an agricultural giant with mud feet. And it’s time to take it seriously. We know that to continue being an international reference in the sector we will have to launch one of the “agricultural transformations” more important in history, the question is whether we take advantage of our competitive advantage to lead these changes or engage in an international war that We don’t seem like we can win. Image | Josephine Baran In Xataka | We have a problem with pesticides in agriculture. And a bigger one with the panic they generate In Xataka | To save Spanish wine, government and producers have come to a conclusion: you have to start starting vineyards *An earlier version of this article was published in February 2024

Three years after the beginning of the war, Europe wants to enter. The problem is that there is only one prepared nation: Ukraine

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Europe has decades without a direct armed conflict in its territory, with the exception of Yugoslavia wars in the 90sthe last great episode of violence in European soil. Since then, security in the continent has been marked by A strategy based on deterrence and diplomacymore than in military confrontation. And, suddenly, the conflict in Ukraine recalled that fireworks It is not the same as direct fire. Europe before Ukraine. As we said, the European armed forces have been reserve for a long time. In fact and how we will see, mostly they have been reduced and adapted to a context of stability, with investments limited in defense and a focus on Peace maintenance and humanitarian assistance operationssuch as missions in Balkans, Africa or the Middle East. Despite the growth of NATO and its presence in Eastern Europe, European armies have been more accustomed to acting in controlled scenarios that to prepare a direct confrontation against a weight opponent such as Russia. Fireworks. In fact, this approach has led to many military operations from European countries being Mainly exercises, joint maneuvers and drills in allied countries such as Slovakia, Poland or Latviabut without the real experience of a conventional combat against a military power. And it is not the same to deploy troops for an exercise in the Baltic countries to face in battle against a force like the Russian army. Enter the war. Under all this context we arrive at this week. A few days ago several European leaders have gathered in Paris to discuss the possibility of sending troops to Ukraine as part of A possible peace agreementalthough the viability of this measure depends largely on the support of the United States. In fact, the summit was promoted by the decision of the Trump administration of exclude Europe from negotiations They started in Saudi Arabia between Washington and Moscow, although Trump has suggested that Europeans could perform “a peace maintenance role.” Plans and divisions. And then Europe seems to have realized that the “defense” had it careless. According to The Washington Postsome European countries consider The deployment of up to 30,000 soldiersthat, yes, they would not be on the front line, but as a deterrence in case of a resumption of the conflict. Another option, or plan B, is the one that They have called “resettlement force” destined to protect Ukraine from future Russian attacks in case a peace agreement negotiated by the United States is reached. That said, France is the country with the most advanced plans estimating that could contribute almost 10,000 soldierswhile the United Kingdom, through its prime minister Keir Starmer, has opened The possibility of a British contribution. And so far, because the rest of the countries have shown a more ambiguous position. Sweden and the Netherlands, for example, They do not rule out the shipment of troopsbut they have not made a specific decision. Germany, Poland and Spain have rejected the idea, At least for now. Foreign Minister Olaf Scholz emphasized that Any solution should be based on a strong Ukrainian forcewhile Donald Tusk, Prime Minister of Poland, said that Warsaw “does not contemplate sending Poles soldiers to Ukraine.” For its part, the Spanish government was blunt when pointing out that Peace is still far and only depends on Putinmaking it clear that any military mission should define objective, participants, mandate and leadership. Strategic objectives. If the “plan B” is given, with a peace agreement underway, the main mission of this eventual “resettlement force” would be guarantee the safety of Ukrainian airspaceallowing the reopening of commercial flights, and protect maritime trade in the Black Sea, fundamental for grain exports and other essential goods for the Ukrainian economy. It would also be prioritized The protection of key infrastructure such as Public Plant and Public Servicesthat have been constant target of Russian bombing since the beginning of the war. Ukraine proposes a broader approach. Meanwhile, Ukrainian President Volodimir Zelensky stated that Ukraine’s security does not necessarily require foreign troops in his territory. Proposed The creation of “Armed Forces of Europe”capable of responding on land, sea, air and artificial intelligence before any Russian aggression. He also stressed that advanced air defense systems would be effective measures to strengthen security without requiring permanent foreign troops. The elephant in the room. No doubt, Europe’s plan faces important diplomatic obstacles, the first of all: United States support It is, at the moment, uncertain. Although the Trump administration has insisted that European troops must guarantee the security of a future peace agreement, Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth made it clear that They must be part of a mission not related to NATO and not be protected by article 5 of mutual defense. Not just that. Even in the uncertain scenario of a peace agreement, the mission and role of Europe would require an American “backstop”that is, a support from the United States in case of a military escalation. Although there are no specific details, this support is expected It focuses on aerial power with operations based on Poland and Romania. In this regard, Starmer and Macron will travel to Washington next week To press Trump and ensure that the United States provides this strategic support. “Old” defenses. In the background, what is showing is a great weakness in its defenses, possibly oxidized. In fact, the Prime Minister of Denmark, Mette Frederiksen, warned this week at the Munich Security Conference that Ukraine is making weapons faster and less cost than any other country in Europe. It is not a trivial detail. It does so despite being at war, which shows the slowness of the continent in strengthening its military capacity. Frederiksen urged to reduce bureaucracy and increase arms production in collaboration with the United States emphasizing that Europe can no longer act as if it were in peacetime. The rise of the Ukrainian military industry. From the Russian invasion in 2022, Ukraine has exponentially increased its armament productionmanufacturing missiles, obuses and large -scale drones. In 2024, 30% of the military equipment used … Read more

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