bet

In 2011 Japan promised herself not to bet on nuclear energy. Until he ran into reality

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In April 2023 the Japanese government approved a new legislation in nuclear energy that allows to extend the operation of nuclear plants beyond the current limit, which It is established in 60 years. In practice this simply means that if a nuclear plant can operate safely beyond those six decades, the regulation allows you to do so. In this new context the Kashiwazaki-Kariwa plant has ahead A promising future. And it has it because in December 2023 the Japanese nuclear organism, the NRA (Nuclear regulation authority), he raised the veto he imposed on this installation in March 2011, shortly after the accident of Fukushima Daiichi’s nuclear power plant. If we stick to the installed power this plant housed in the town of Niigata, northwest of Tokyo (Japan), it is The largest nuclear power plant on the planet. It is managed by the Tepco company (Tokyo Electric Power Company), which is the third largest electricity company on the planet, and incorporates seven boiling water reactors that are able to jointly deliver more than 8,200 MWE. Security is the most important thing, and after what happened in Fukushima, the NRA decided to withdraw the operation license until Tepco could implement in this installation the new security measures derived from what you learned in 2011. Japan is contemplating nuclear energy with very different eyes The Japanese government is determined to get Japan measured from you to you with the main powers of The semiconductor industry. And of course it is not an unattainable ambition. In fact, some of the companies with the greatest specific weight in the industry of lithography equipmentlike Tokyo Electron, Canon or Nikon, they are Japanese. “We are working with our clients to develop technologies that teach four generations in the future.” This Declaration of Nobuto DoiVice President of Tokyo Electron, is a declaration of intentions. Japan’s strategy does not only require reinforcing its presence in the integrated circuit industry; It also bets on tuning a large number of data centers for artificial intelligence (AI). In fact, Jensen Huang, the general director of Nvidia, has confirmed that your company will put about in Japan a network of specialized data centers in AI. In addition, Huang has anticipated that this infrastructure will deploy from the hand of Japanese companies. All this sounds very good, but it has a high cost in energy terms and the Japanese government has not overlooked it. In 2050 Japan will need to have increased its electricity generation capacity between 35 and 50% In fact, its current electrical infrastructure would be unable to serve semiconductor factories and data centers for AI that will arrive in the future. The Japanese administration has recognized that in 2050 it will need to have increased its electricity generation capacity between 35 and 50%. It is not negligible, of course. In addition, your plan also has to face the decarbonization of your energy system to which you have committed. Today Japan’s fossil fuel supply depends largely on the Middle East, which led to the approval of a law that promotes investment in decarbonization by a total of a total of some some 962,000 million dollars. The Japanese government has confirmed that its strategy to solve the energy needs that it will have within two decades requires betting on the latest photovoltaic cells that They incorporate Perovskitasby floating wind turbines that are installed in the sea, and also for nuclear energy. In fact, during the next few years many of the nuclear power plants that were deactivated after Fukushima will return to operation, and, in addition, Japan will build new nuclear power plants equipped with fourth generation reactors. The project of this closest type in time is led by the Kansa Electric Power company because plan to resume studies They precede the construction of a new nuclear reactor in its Mihama plant, housed in Fukui prefecture, west of Tokyo. If this project will be consolidated as the first nuclear reactor that is built in Japan after Fukushima disaster in 2011. Image | Tepco More information | Interesting Engineering In Xataka | Enmity with China is approaching Intel, TSMC and Samsung to an increasingly valuable partner: Japan

This is the biggest hydroelectric bet in China

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In the middle of remote mountains, at 3000 meters of altitude, China follows configuring your electrical networks Towards an energy transition model. From Harbin, in the northeast of the country, a gigantic 80 tons turbine headed for Tibet left this week. Its destination: the Datang Zala hydroelectric plant, where the power of water will be transformed into electricity thanks to an unprecedented machine. Short. In a great official ceremony, the delivery of a large pelton -type impulse turbine was held with a unit capacity of 500 megawatts, designed and manufactured by Harbin Electric Machinery Company Limited, as He has reported The Xinhua state agency. The size is unique and striking: a diameter of 6.23 meters, made of martensitic stainless steel and has 21 precision kanglons. According to China Dailythe process took six years of research and development, and was tested in the National Laboratory of Hydroelectric Equipment. The definitive commitment. China is distinguished by developing infrastructure from Colossal scale either Unique as a technical levelbut this time it focuses on strengthening electrical networks in strategic areas and accelerating its carbon neutrality objective by 2060. According to South China Morning Postthe turbine will reach an efficiency of 92.6%, an increase of 1.6% compared to previous turbines, which will result in additional 190,000 kWh per day. The central will have two turbines and a total installed capacity of 1 million kilowatts, generating about 4,000 million kWh per year. Is it the most powerful? It depends on how it is measured. In terms of unitary capacity, this 500 MW impulse turbine is the most powerful of its kind in the world. However, it is not the most powerful if compared to the gigantic Chinese dams, that is, their set. On the one hand, highlight The Baihetan dam With the largest arc in the world and a total capacity of 16,000 MW, managing to supply 500,000 homes for a year. On the other hand, even more impressive, it is The three throats dam that with its 22,500 MW it holds the world installed capacity record. Of course, not without controversies: its environmental and geophysical impact has been such that has slightly altered the terrestrial rotation. Another factor: the location. The hydroelectric power plant is being built on the Yuqu river, a tributary of the NU River (Salween), In an area geographically rugged and with strong seismic activity. The water jump that will feed the turbine has a vertical unevenness of 671 meters, which makes this installation one of the few that take advantage of such a pronounced unevenness, ideal for impulse turbines such as the Pelton type developed by Harbin, As SCMP has developed. In addition, this is added the political context. The Tibet It is a region of historical tensions between the central Chinese authorities and the aspirations of local autonomy. Some voices see these types of projects as a way of strengthening Beijing’s strategic control over the territory, through economic development and energy infrastructure. Forecasts. The turbine is already on its way to its destination and it is expected that the plant enters into operation in 2028. It is not just a colossal machine: it is a declaration of intentions. Toe technology, unprecedented efficiency, and a clear commitment to hydroelectric domain in one of the most complex regions of the planet. Image | Unspash Xataka | In the twentieth century the pipelines were the key to the world. In the 21st century are the electrical networks and a country is winning them: China

The EU is looking for where to create its own GigaFactories of AI. Tarragona has become the great Spanish bet

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Spain wants to have A gigafactoría de iaand has presented his candidate: a town in Tarragona. Specifically, Morá la Nova, who wants to become one of the headquarters of that great European project. The proposal has been presented by a business consortium led by Telefónica and promoted by the Government of Spain in cooperation with the Generalitat of Catalonia. Spain wants to be a reference point In this new golde of technology. Why Tarragona. The candidacy responds to strategic reasons: that enclave would be close to the AI ​​factory driven By Barcelona Supercomputing Center – National Supercomputing Center (BSC -CNS), one of the great European nodes in high performance computing. The location also brings together conditions such as the availability of the land and the necessary electrical power. 5,000 million euros. Moncloa sources They point In the country to be chosen, the investment for this project would reach 5,000 million euros and would come from both public and private sources. It is a notable amount that allows the EU requirements to be met to create these “AI gigafactories.” What is a gigafactoría de ia. In February the president of the European Commission, Ursula von der Leyden, advertisement The investing project. The idea, mobilize 200,000 million euros at AI, including a fund of 20,000 million for gigafactories. Or what is the same, large data centers with about 100,000 last -generation AI chips. They are even more ambitious projects than those that are already underway with the factories (without “giga”) that the EU has already promoted a few months ago. European AI data centers. The European initiative began with the implementation of Seven AI factories which were announced in December. These are somewhat more modest facilities that remain relevant. Among them was the BSC-CNS, which will have a data center in which the EU investment will be about 200 million euros. It is now expected that five other megaprojects will be announced that, yes, will have much greater investment and will have a capacity up to four times greater. Who is behind the Spanish project. The candidacy of Tarragona is endorsed by the Government, the Ministry of Digital Transformation and the Generalitat, but also by a group of companies led by Telefónica. Companies such as ACS, Masorange, Nvida, Submer, Multivrse Computing and the Spanish Society for Technological Transformation (SETT) have already confirmed their participation. Deadlines. After the selection of the headquarters, the gigafactories will have to be operational between 2027 and 2028. They will be able to access community financing and those projects between 3,000 and 5,000 million euros will receive up to 35% of the investment of public funds. Back seems to have remained Search for more efficient projects that were debated after the appearance of Deepseek. Will they compete with the big data centers of the Big Tech? It is interesting to point out that a Gigafactoría de ia as the one raised in Tarragona is on the promising role in computing capacity. In fact, Meta announced in December A similar project In the US with an investment of 10,000 million dollars. Colossus, the AI ​​Data Center that XAI launched at the end of 2024, uses 100,000 NVIDIA GPUS, has a power of 150 MW. It is estimated That each MW of power in data centers has a cost of between 7 and 12 million dollars. Image | European Commission | Wikimedia In Xataka | Elon Musk has 26 gas turbines running at 400 MW to move Grok. He forgot a small detail: obtain permits

bet on your own chips

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China wants to lead the electric car industry, and plan to achieve it by dominating the chip supply chain that give them life. The country, in search of its technological self -sufficiency in an industry that represents about 10% of its national GDPhas urged its manufacturers to win in the semiconductor career for electric cars. A large -scale plan. Sources of Nikkei Asia They claim that the main groups of Chinese car, including Saic Motor, Byd, Li Auto and Geely are preparing to launch models equipped with 100% national manufacturing chips. From 2026, at least two Chinese companies are expected to produce semiconductors for automotive. It is something that has already begun to be seen, with movements such as Xpeng or child betting on your own manufacturing chips for its most recent electric vehicles. On June 13 we saw the XPEng G7, the first car of the Chinese company to replace Nvidia chips for own chips that promised a three -time performance. 2027 as a key year. With the start of mass production of vehicle semiconductors, China would be setting the most ambitious objective in 2027: 100% national manufacturing in each of the chips equipped in its vehicles. It is a project under the supervision of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China (MIIT)who would be summoning manufacturers regularly to know their national chip adoption rates. What is being done. Recently, Xpeng announced its Turing AI chip, with a computing capacity that, supposedly, triples to that of the Nvidia Orin. It is one of the most ambitious responses to Nvidia, and expects divisions such as Volkswagen in China to end up adopting this type of solutions. Why Volkswagen? Because Both have agreements for Manufacture electric cars. Other Chinese manufacturers, such as child, They announced their Shenji Nx9031your chip to boost autonomous driving functions. The problem? It was manufactured in the lithographic process of five nanometers, and that can only mean one thing. External agreements. China is in full Sprint stage with its semiconductors. Is about to have the ability to make 5NM chips and SMIC expects to reach 3NM lithographic processes in 2026 But, at least for the moment, the chips of their rivals are more advanced. This is why companies like Nio have opted for companies external to China (They do not detail who manufactures the Shenjibut its 5 nm process details that it is not national), and Xiaomi has allied with TSMC To manufacture your Xring 01the company’s first smartphones processor that competes directly with the A18 PRO of Apple and The best of Qualcomm. The company He has already announced that he will take his chips to carsand the big doubt is whether he will do it with TSMC as an ally. China has the ability to master this industry. There are three pillars that largely determine the success of an electric car that intends to sell anywhere in the world. Batteries (autonomy and load) Price Software (operating system, cabin functionalities, etc.) In the 2023 China Electric Vehicle Forum, the Institute for Market Economics Studies revealed that the external dependence of automobile chips was close to 95%. The key point is that cars chips are very varied: microcontrollers, memories, sensors … Most of them can occur with the current lithography teams that China has. In fact, there is a key here. Among the large chips suppliers for cars are already companies such as Huawei, Semiconductor and STM Microelectronics ByD. With the focus on the domain of the semiconductors, manufacturers outside China betting on Chinese software, and the country winning the battery careerChina has everything to end up dominating this industry sooner or later. A conquest outside and inside. The war that China is playing is not just internal. The country has the potential to dominate in markets such as the European. Spain is the best example, with brands like Mg heading the sales rankingsand giants like Chery disembarking in our country with Jaecoo and omoda. China no longer has the West as a mirror. His new heads in automotive fight with their own identity, a clear domain in areas where the European car has been left behind, and A deeper consumer understanding Regarding that of the brands they manufacture in Europe. Image | Geely In Xataka | Chinese cars no longer compete against the West. Compete against the future itself

An unforeseen live and a bet that points far away

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Google’s story with the glasses is not over. On the contrary. After years of silence, the company has put them on stage again. And he has done it with a project that recovers a family name: Project aura. It is not the first time we listen to it. It has been playing from The times of Google Glasswhich ended in a dark corner of technological history. But this time, the approach is very different. During the Google I/or 2025, where we also saw proposals such as Ai mode either Beamthe company showed live the state of development of its new mixed reality glasses. A proposal that Born in collaboration with Xreal And that, according to those responsible for the project, wants to take the Android experience to the XR universe with naturalness, context and responses in real time. A live demo, without tricks or touch -ups. It all started when Shahram left, responsible for the device area, He launched a question to the public recorded in a video posted on YouTube: “Who points to see an early demonstration of the Android XR glasses?” The answer came from bambalins. Nishtha Bhatia, part of the team, appeared on the scene remotely and began to show the real operation of the glasses. The first thing we saw was an interface superimposed in real time over the environment. Through the integrated camera, the glasses showed what he had in front while Bhatia received messages, played music, consulted addresses or interact with Gemini, the conversational assistant, all through voice commands. Without taking out the mobile. Without clicking anything. In one of the most striking moments, the demo showed how I could ask which band was the author of a painting that was watching. Gemini responded, although with the occasional delay attributable to connection problems. He also asked that a band of the band on YouTube Music be reproduced, which happened without manual intervention. Everything was recorded in the image shared in real time. Live translation and a small failure on stage. The final test consisted of a conversation between Izadi and Bhatia in different languages. She spoke in Hindi, he in Farsi. The glasses, by Gemini, offered a simultaneous translation with voice interpretation. The system worked correctly for a few seconds, but those responsible decided to interrupt the demo when they detected a failure. Despite the stuping, the message was clear: Google wants to play again in the field of connected glasses, this time with a more mature base, supported by its service ecosystem, in Gemini and in collaborations with key actors in the world XR. The difference, at least for now, is in the approach: practical experiences, in real time, without long -term ornaments or promises. Images | Google In Xataka | Google already has an agricultural AI capable of programming for you: it’s called Jules and seeks to stand up for OpenAi

Omoda and Jaecoo have bet everything at car atibored from equipment at a good price. They want to repeat with hybrids and electric

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Omoda and Jaecoo continue their offensive for what we have ahead of the year 2025. Yesterday we counted all the already confirmed details of the Omoda 9a plug -in hybrid that will be sold for less than 40,000 euros ( MOVES III PLAN through) and that aspires to be the most powerful car for the lowest possible price that can be bought in the market. The largest omoda SUV is categorized by the brand as a Plug -in super hybrid. It is part of what they call Shs technology. Its approach, away from European cars that until recently had a few tens of kilometers in completely electric format, is to deliver more than a hundred of them, with batteries that exceed 30 kWh and that, therefore, in the city they can guarantee more than 150 kilometers of autonomy with some ease. Now, omoda and Jaecoo have confirmed that their range is extended with three other new electrified vehicles. One of them, omoda 7, has reserved a hole in this category of Plug -in super hybrids. But, in addition, key novelties for other models of your offer arrive. Electrifying (and much) its range As we said, the first year of omod They approached 8,000 registrations. It has more merit if possible because omoda 5 only had a version of combustion and an electric. The electricity seemed very complicated to place. A high price was already late. If we add that we are not the country where more electric are sold … they closed the year with just 208 omoda 5 EV enrolled. To continue pushing, Omoda has confirmed the arrival of a hybrid variant. The company has confirmed that it is an update in which the frontal will be slightly changed but the design lines already seen in its current model are maintained. The engine will be 1.5TGDI (145 hp) that when working at full yield with the electric motor can generate up to 255 hp of power. At the moment, the brand has not been able to advance more technical details because they lack the approval data so we are waiting to know key data such as its consumption. What we can expect is a competitive price that tightens Toyota nuts in the hybrid market. Right now, this is the most purchased technology in our country and the Japanese firm dominates with an iron hand. Above the JAECOO 7 SHS. This SUV is the plug -in hybrid that we have been waiting from the First vehicle contact. Then we warn that this mechanic could be very interesting if it was extended with an attractive price. We know now that it will arrive with the same mentioned engine but will deliver up to 340 hp of power. The power-consumption-price combination will be key to the future of a car that promises an electrical autonomy of up to 151 kilometers. Finally, the most electrified option is that of the JAECOO 5 EV. In this case we talk about an electric vehicle that has not revealed more technical details so we do not know battery size or expected autonomy. Of course, taking into account that the OMODA 5 EV has a 61 kWh LFP battery and 430 kilometers of autonomy, we can expect similar characteristics to compete in the future with the Byd Atto 2 and Kia EV3. Photo | Omoda In Xataka | Omoda arrives in Spain with the MG case as a reference: a Chinese brand that wants to break the SUV market with attractive prices

After matching his space bet, Jeff Bezos has invested in the other great Elon Musk project: electric cars

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Jeff Bezos is financing under a startup of electric vehicles called Slate Auto, which works since 2022 in a Pickup Compact and affordable with an expected price of $ 25,000, as it has revealed Techcrunch. Why is it important. This investment is a very different approach to the one followed by the majority of electric startups, which have opted for luxury models with high margins. Slate Auto changes the usual strategy when directing directly to the mass market, that of the general public. And just at a time when the growth of some brands has slowed down. In the case of Tesla, has collapsed. Between bambalins. The company was born as part of Re Manufacturing, another company supported by Bezos and co -founded by Jeff Wilke, former CEO of Amazon Consumer. Since then, he has attracted several executives from Ford, GM, Stellantis and Harley-Davidson, in addition to several former Amazon ex-employed. The figures. Slate raised at least 111 million dollars in a series A round in 2023, and according to documents from the state of Delaware mentioned by Motorpasionhas authorized about 500 million preferential shares for a series B $ 2.37 per share. That is, almost 1.2 billion dollars. In addition to Bezos, the company has the investment of Mark Walter, majority owner of the Dodgers, a baseball team, and Thomas Tull, main re manufacturing investor. The strategy. The Pickup of two Slate places follow a minimalist philosophy inspired by the Ford Model T and the Volkswagen Beetle. The company’s plan is to compensate for the low margins of the vehicle with an accessories line for customization, similar to the Harley-Davidson business model or division Mopar of Stellantis. And now what. Slate plans to start production at the end of 2026 in an installation in Indiana. During these days a prototype of the car in Los Angeles has been sighted and photographed, showing a simple and functional design, published in Reddit and collected by Carscoops. Far away from the futuristic lines of a possible rival like the Cybertruck of Tesla. Expected that, after the exclusive Techcrunch And the first photo of the prototype, the company is encouraged to share some more information than until now, where it has been cryptic in its communications. Outstanding image | Reddit In Xataka | The problem of US cars in Europe is not tariffs: they are not interested in the least

The Big Tech have played their whole future to AI. Tariffs are going to test that bet

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The world economy makes waters. The geopolitical and economic hurricane called tariffs It is affecting especially to large technology companiesthat fall remarkably in the stock market. There are many problems derived from that value of value of the Big Tech, but among them there is a remarkable one: the future of AI. Apple in low hours. The tariffs have just entered into force, but it is also that the US has officialized the 104% tariff to China. The global commercial war intensifies, and has already left a great loser: Apple has ceased to be the most valuable company in the world. This is the current situation of companies with the greatest market capitalization on the planet. Source: CompaniesMarketcap The great AI actors, in danger. But curiously Apple has not invested much less in AI and its rivals. Microsoft, Nvidia, Amazon, Google and Meta have suffered significant losses in recent weeks. Tariffs have been the decisive factor so that in 2025 they accumulate a negative balance that goes from 14.6% of the 33% of Apple according to data according to data from CompaniesMarketcap. This is not about the debated “AI bubble”. It is true that all AI companies have wanted to sell us the message that this technology was going to change everything. At the moment that has not happened and some talked about a potential “AI bubble“, But what is happening with tariffs is something very different, and does not help at all the future of this discipline. This table, created on February 10 for Xataka, indicated the market capitalization percentage that Big Tech would dedicate to capital expenses (CAPEX). The photo has changed in terms of the percentages, and we will see if it also does it as to those amounts. Capex in danger. Two months ago we talked about how Apple was the company that Less capital expenses (CAPEX) would have in 2025. In front of it, colossal investments and a common discourse: almost all those thousands would be focused on creating data centers for AI. Now those investments are in danger, because all these Big Tech can end up disincurning to mitigate the effects of tariffs on their account books. The AI ​​was already expensive, and now it will be more expensive. Being able to take advantage of the functions of AI means using the enormous resources of the data centers of those Big Tech. If the tariffs cause the dreaded and expected price increases in these infrastructure, that will make it cause Use ia more expensive For users and companies, which can lead to a drop in its use and a slowdown of its development. If everything is more expensive and the expense is trimmed, so does innovation and work in new AI models. Fear of investing. Investment companies, such as risk capital, can also be very affected by this panorama and start Measure very much Your future investment in AI startups. That is another danger to the evolution of a market that until now had taken advantage of Optimism and unbridled expectations about AI. And without so much investment once again the appearance of new startups and the rhythm of innovation can be clearly braking. Risk of recession. The consultant JP Morgan I already esteem that the risk of the US to enter recession in 2025 is 60%. In these periods, companies prioritize financial stability over innovation, which can decelerate the pace of technological innovation. A study A year ago of Deutsche Bundesbank and the Bank of Finland showed how a 1% drop in GDP can reduce investment in innovation to 0.3%. Precisely JP Morgan revealed that US GDP could fall 1% in the third quarter of 2025 for this circumstance. Image | Jamie Street In Xataka | The Copilot+ PC promised a revolution. I have tried one and for now there are more promises than realities

Nintendo has not said if the switch 2 uses AI to reach 4K UHD and 60 Hz. This is our bet

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Image reconstruction technology through artificial intelligence (AI) has reached the world of video games to stay. They use Nvidia, Intel and AMD in their graphics cards for PC. They use Sony and Microsoft on their desktop consoles. AND, Although Nintendo has not officialized anythingat least, about itself Switch 2 He also uses it, we can be sure that it is so. The hardware of this hybrid machine requires it. Before moving forward, we are briefly reviewing what we know about the specifications of The new Nintendo console. Its screen resorts to a 7.9 -inch LCD panel with Full HD resolution (1080p) capable of working with a maximum soda frequency of 120 Hz and compatible with HDR Contents and adaptive soda (VRR). No surprise so far. However, the next component in which we are worth looking is your SOC. The question is not whether Nintendo USA. Is what quality has Switch 2 Nintendo is not very given to make public the detailed specifications of its hardware, but we know that the Switch 2 SOC has been designed by NVIDIA, and it is probably a chip derived from one of the latest models of the Tegra family known as T239. Presumably this socutina sockets 8 ARM A78C cores for the CPU, a GPU with an undetermined amount of CUDA nuclei (possibly has about 1,500 nuclei of this type) and an 128 -bit memory interface. Switch 2 hardware is not enough to render native to 4K UHD (2160p) and 60 FPS games These specifications are not official, but they are very credible. And, more importantly, they are not bad for a machine like switch 2. However, and this is really relevant, This hardware is not enough to rendering natively lasting games to 4K UHD (2160p) with a sustained cadence of 60 fps. Not even 30 fps. During their presentation those of Kyoto have taught us ‘Metroid Prime 4: Beyond’ running at 60 solid fps on a switch 2. And we have also seen ‘Cyberpunk 2077’, ‘Elden Ring’ and other triple to ambitious titles with an apparently very dignified finish. In order for this hybrid console to be able to deliver to a TV a video signal with 2160p resolution and 60 fps, or to show 1080p images to 120 fps on its own screen, you need to resort to the reconstruction of the image through AI. This is not the slightest doubt, although Nintendo has not talked about it. One option was to reach an agreement with Nvidia to implement its technology DLSS (Deep Learning Super Sampling), But it is reasonable to accept that the Switch 2 SOC can hardly deal with the latest iterations of the image reconstruction technology that the engineers of the company led by Jensen Huang have ready. Yes, Switch 2 uses AI to rebuild the images of the games. We can be reasonably sure of this. However, what we have seen so far invites us to conclude that it is not DLSS, but possibly a somewhat less ambitious technology presumably developed by Nintendo itself. They believe it in Digital Foundry. And we also suspect it. Anyway until we have the opportunity to calmly try this console and the games that I have mentioned in this article we will not be able to accurately assess its graphic capabilities. More information | Nintendo In Xataka | The new Nintendo Switch 2 is a message to the other companies: games above technical specifications

The CERN prepares a colossal bet by 2070. Some physicists believe it can take it to ruin

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Santiago Folgueras is a young Spanish physicist who is leading an interesting project in CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research). During The conversation I had with him Several months ago he told me in detail What is your Intrepid projectwhich will be linked to the future HL LHC (High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider or high luminosity LHC). However, what caught my attention was the enthusiasm with which he told me about FCC (future circular colliding), which will be the machine that will presumably happen to HL LHC. If the itinerary that has planned the CERN continues its course as has done so far the HL LHC will be ready at the end of this decade. In 2030. and will be able to produce no less than 40 million collisions per second. The amount of information that will generate will be so huge that it will be necessary to put a system that is able to analyze the data in real time and make a decision regarding the collision that has just been produced. This is precisely the purpose of the HL LHC: drastically increase the number of collisions if we compare them with those that have occurred in the previous LHC iterations. The luminosity measures, in fact, how many potential particle collisions are produced by surface and time unit. It is measured in reverse femtobarns, so that each of them is equivalent to 100 billion collisions between protons. Of course, these are billion on a long scale, so an reverse femtobarn are 100 million million collisions. FCC design is under discussion Since the accelerator experiments began, in 2010, until the end of 2018, which was the moment in which its activity ceased, 150 reverse femtobarns occurred inside. According to the current planning of CERN technicians, the modifications required by LHC to increase its luminosity should be able to produce 250 reverse femtobarns every year until reaching 4,000 during the entire period of activity. The purpose of CERN physicists is that the FCC is able to reach a 100 tev energy during the second stage of the project In any case, the most interesting is to remember that the improvements that CERN technicians are introducing in the LHC respond to the need to find fissures in the standard model with the purpose of Expand our understanding of the world of particles. Some of the questions that CERN’s physicists have the hope of being able to answer with the help of HL LHC are what it is and what properties it has The dark matterbecause Neutrinos have mass And why There is no antimatter In the universe. There is no doubt that they are exciting questions. However, CERN’s physicists plan does not end the LHC HL. When all its operation cycles finally conclude this institution plans to build the FCC, an accelerator much larger than the LHC HL and capable of reaching much higher energies. Presumably will have a circle of 100 km (that of the current LHC measures 27 km), and its construction will start in 2038. The purpose of CERN physicists is that the FCC is capable of reaching during the second stage of the project an energy of 100 TEV (Telelectronvoltios). To train a precise idea about what we are talking about we just have to remember that the current LHC works with an energy of 16 TEV. If everything goes as scheduled, the FCC should be prepared not beyond 2070. According to the CERN, the first phase of the project, which does not the complete plan, will cost about 17,000 million dollars. Vladimir Shiltsev, a physicist specialized in accelerators at the University of Northern Illinois (USA), calculates that the entire project will cost At least 30,000 million dollars. According to Nature Some physicists, such as Jenny List, a researcher in the Hamburg Electron Syntron (Germany), criticize this plan and defend the construction of a linear accelerator of up to 33 km instead of a circular one. According to them, the linear option will be much cheaper and will allow the same experiments as a circular installation. We will see why option finally opt, but there is no doubt that these discussions are necessary to make the right decisions. Scientists still have plenty of time to weigh everything and direct the project by the most conducive path. Image | Piotr Traczyk/Cern More information | Nature In Xataka | The CERN has an ambitious plan: it wants to demolish the special theory of Einstein’s relativity

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