Filipino rice wine hid a superfood. In the waste we discarded, specifically

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It is often said that one can be a treasure for another. We have found a new example of this phenomenon, in the Philippines. The country responsible for golden ricea transgenic version of the food devised to replace the vitamin A deficiency, now brings us another product related to this cereal, a “loaded” product of nutrients. And this time with a more “artisanal” process. By -product, but food. A group of researchers has discovered that a material discarded in the Fermentation of the Tapuy, a traditional rice wine of the Philippines, are loaded with antioxidants. The compounds found in the You readwhich is what this residue is called, they were studied in the laboratory resulting in a rejuvenation of the animal models used in the study. The Tapuy. The Tapuy is a drink produced in the Philippines, the result of rice fermentation. The process uses, in addition to rice, a fermentation initiator called Bubod. The resulting residue, You readit has been the main object of the investigation, and is mainly composed of the waste of fermented rice, yeasts and other microbes. The study responsible for the study analyzed how various types of crops resulted in different types of You read. Optimizing nutrients. The team thus found a way to optimize the fermentation process, a specific crop that implied some You read Loaded nutrients. The result contained an abundance of polyphenolscompounds with antioxidant capacity that we can also find in products such as The wine or the chocolate. The team tested the different formulas feeding with them the worms of the species Caenorhabditis Elegans. They observed that an initiator of fermentation with high concentrations of the species Rhizopus oryzae, mucor indicus and Saccharomyces cerevisiaeIt was associated with an important increase in the life expectancy of these animals. They also observed that the worms fed with this residue produced more viable eggs. The details of the research were published in an article in the magazine Discover Food . Of animal to humans. There is still an important step to give, and it is to study how these results can translate into benefits in humans. The worms of the speciesC. ElegansThey are often used in medicine as animal models by some key characteristics such as transparency allows us to see more clearly the biological and biochemical processes in the animal. However, it should always be remembered that what works in animal models does not have to work in humans. Among other reasons because our diet is very varied and the multiple interactions between compounds can dilute their benefits. In Xataka | Some scientists have proposed to solve the big question: is it more “healthy” white wine or red? Image | Phương Nam Gạo / Manila Athenaeum

This is the assistant who wants to mark a before and after on WhatsApp, Facebook and Instagram

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It’s over Depend on tricks to use Goal AI in Spain. The assistant has begun its official deployment in Europe, which means that it will be available on WhatsApp, Instagram, Facebook and Messenger at some point in the coming weeks. We are facing a long -awaited launch in the old continent. Recall that the social media company announced this artificial intelligence tool (AI) at the end of 2023but it was available in certain countries. Goal AI in WhatsApp, Instagram, Facebook and Messenger When we talk about goal AI, we refer to an artificial intelligence chatbot similar to Chatgpt, Gemini either Claude. Like these we find a Language model Under the hood (Call 3.2) that he will try to answer almost all the questions we ask him. But it is a product that has at least two substantial differences with respect to its competition: it does not have a dedicated application and does not have an alternative payment. That is, it is integrated for free in WhatsApp, Instagram, Facebook and Messenger. You will notice the arrival of Meta AI when you see A new blue circle icon in the applications mentioned. Using it is as easy as touching it and starting to talk with him in an independent chat window, as you would with any friend, family or colleague. You will also have the possibility of “invoking” goal AI in group chats. This can be particularly useful when you need to solve a question or you are planning a group activity. It will be enough to write @Metaai for the wizard to appear on stage. Possibly you ask yourself if the privacy of the group participants will be affected if someone invokes goal AI. The answer is found in A privacy document of the company, which says that the AI Just read the messages that invoke “@Meta Ai”. In other words, the goal assistant is not one more member of the group, but a functionality of AI that can be invoked at any time. So, according to official information, this tool does not access other messages in the chat. What can be done with goal AI Ok, now goal AI is integrated into some of the most popular applications in the world. The big question is: What can we do with him? The answer is that the possibilities are broad, but here are some interesting ideas to make it up. Write clearest and effective messages If you want a message to sound more professional, more informal or simply better structured, goal Ai can do it for you. “Make this message more professional:” Remember that we have a meeting tomorrow at 10 “. You can also ask you to adapt the text to different records or countries. “Give me an informal version of this Spanish message from Argentina.” Summarizes long texts and highlights the important If you do not have time to read a complete article, goal AI can extract the main ideas. “Tell me the five key points of this report:” Of course, it is always advisable to verify the information before taking it as definitive. The AI ​​models, as recognized by the CEO of Nvidiathey still hallucinate and are inaccurate. Make calculations without complicating you From dividing an account to solving more complex calculations, goal AI does so in seconds. “We have spent 185 euros at a dinner. Add 12% tip and divide the total among four people.” Translate and adapt texts in seconds Goal AI can translate phrases and explain them in context. “Translate” 七転び八起き “to Spanish and explain its meaning in detail.” If you want a more natural or detailed version, you can ask for different options. Answer questions about any topic Like chatgpt or gemini, goal AI can answer doubts about history, science, technology and more. Here, once again, it is advisable to verify your answers. Use it directly at conversations As we point out above, goal AI is integrated in WhatsApp, so you can invoke it in any chat with @Metaai. “We are organizing a trip to Los Angeles, @Metaai, can you give us a three -day itinerary?” The assistant also incorporates functions such as Ai Studio to create generative images and edit photographs, in addition to customization and memory tools. For now, these are only available in the US, but they are expected to arrive in Europe later. Why has the target deployment to the EU taken so long? If we have accounts, it has been a long time since Mark Zuckerberg presented a goal AI. It was in him September Connectwhich means that it has elapsed One year and six months. AI in the old continent seems to advance at two speeds. Meta recognizes that the process has taken longer than expected due to the challenges of navigating in the complex European regulatory system. Even so, as we mentioned, the company expects to continue expanding its services in the future. Images | Goal | Xataka In Xataka | Figure creates a system to make large -scale humanoid robots. And of course, there will be robots manufacturing robots

Spain opened its lines to Ouigo. France is now doing everything possible to avoid the entry of Renfe

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It seemed inconceivable but we had been living with it for almost four years. Yes, Renfe trains circulate on the Spanish railways. The Order arrived from Europe and Spain complied with a guideline that has opened the door to Ouigo and Iro. A door that, for Renfe, seems to be stuck in France. What happened for Renfe to be studying his departure from the neighboring country? A liberalization. It arrived in 2021. First Renfe had to face the competition with Ouigo. Shortly after it was Iro. And when we wanted to realize, in the Spanish roads these three companies are competing in high speed by some clients that, if we add Avlo, have four options on top of the table. Liberalization came ordered from the European Union. From Brussels it was voted in favor of opening the railroads and that any company could operate on the roads of the entire continent. A liberalization that has its peculiarities because the demands in terms of security and approval to meet the protocols follow in the hands of the authorities of each country. You don’t pass here. The latter is especially important and we have seen it in Spain. For example, When Ouigo wanted to get to Andalusia has had to adapt its trains to the protocols of the LZB systemsince they do not resemble those of the rest of the continent. When the Madrid-Seville line was created for the 1992 Expo, it was decided to use said system that would later fall into disuse and failed to impose itself on Erts that we see in the rest of Europe. These types of regulations, in addition to the payment of a fee for the maintenance of the roads and other services to ADIF are those that have put on a war footing to Ouigo and the Government. The first when pointing out that Adif charges excessive rates for the service they offer. The second because they ensure that Ouigo throws prices Below the market. What do we have? High speed with four operators and the lowest prices than ever. Where The competition has been greaterprices have dropped. They have not dropped where the demand is very high (such as the Madrid-Barcelona corridor) but in lines where you have to fight more to catch customers as in the Andalusian runners or in Madrid-Aliante where the supply was not extended until 2023. In your latest reportthe CNMC pointed out that the volume of passengers has not stopped increasing. Where new options have been opened have generated a greater number of journeys and a price drop until reaching more than 10 million passengers in the third quarter of 2024. A conflict. In this context Renfe has proposed to open new lines in France. Taking advantage of liberalization, the Spanish company has wanted make Ouigo competition In his own home. The movement began with controversy, with Renfe selling Nine euros tickets. In Spain, Ouigo defended himself saying that they were in a launch phase and that they expect be profitable this year. The promise is about to be fulfilled while SNCF, owner of Ouigo, has already put its conditions to enter to compete in the market of Cercanías y Medio Distancethe other great liberalization that we have ahead. The fight for the really interesting. Ouigo in Spain is competing in the big runners for lament of Óscar PuenteMinister of Transport, which indicated that these companies can focus on profitability While Renfe also has to Fulfill your public service position. Ouigo does compete in Madrid-Barcelona, ​​Madrid-Sevilla or Madrid-Aliante, for example. And in those same conditions he wants to play Renfe in France. At the moment, the company operates in the Lyon-Barcelona and Lyon-Marsella runners but the great yearning is still to reach Paris. The capital is especially juicy because most of the great French lines leave from there and could join Madrid and Paris in a single corridor. And here is the great conflict. You don’t pass here (2). Renfe a The avant -garde that France is doing everything possible to torpedo the expansion of the company on its way to Paris. The first intention was to reach Paris before the Olympic Games last summer but it was not possible. And the technical approval still does not get what he is doing to the company to rethink if they must move on. They explain that the problem is in the technical approval of trains. The approval of them usually takes about six months of work but at this time they are already going for three years. Coincidentally, the approval to operate in the Barcelona-Tooulouse corridor as of April 2025 is ready. Renfe is, for the moment, notice in the southern and southeast zone of France. And according to the company, the project does not paint well. To the point of Paloma Baena, general director of Renfe Operadora Global Strategy, demanded in the French Senate A few weeks ago equal conditions in the deal and pointed out that they did not expect to function normally until 2029 if everything followed. The excuse. What they say from France is that the trains that Renfe has presented to operate in the lines that have Paris as origin or destination are incompatible with the technology of their tracks. First tried with trains 100F series of ALSTOM which are those operating in the south of the country. After rejection, he has tried with the Talgo 106 Series with which Renfe operates in Spain. And, in addition, François Durovray, already former Minister of Transportation in France, also pointed out that he wanted to force companies to enter the country Operate in deficit lines. Exactly the type of runners where Ouigo does not operate in Spain and what Oscar Puente Moles ago lamented. Photo | Xataka In Xataka | Renfe trusted Talgo’s trains to overcome Ouigo and Iro. With your arrival, breakdowns, delays and controversies accumulate

a nuclear missile and a survival manual for the nation

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Germany was the first nation in Europe that seemed to have gotten to work with the “rearme.” That several car factories, for decades the engine of their economy, were becoming Military Armament Factoriesleft little doubt about it. In fact, the budget they have announced allocate in defense It is historical. Now it has touched France, who does not seem to go with mediacias. Multiply nuclear deterrence. Paris has announced the creation of a Fourth Nuclear Air Base In Luxeuil, to the east of the country, as part of an ambitious plan to strengthen its independent dissuasion capacity of the United States in the framework of NATO. This base, which at the time was at risk of closing, will house two squadrons of Rafale f5 fighters equipped with ASN4G hypersonic missilesan investment of 1.5 billion euros which marks a significant expansion of its nuclear arsenal. The decision responds to a tense geopolitical context, in which The war in Ukraine and uncertainty about American commitment to European defense They have led Paris to assume a more leading paper in the safety of the continent. An autonomous strategy within NATO. Currently, the French Air Force operates three nuclear bases in Saint-Dizier, Istres and Avord, which house approximately 50 Rafale B fighters armed with ASMP-A nuclear missiles and supported by Airbus A330 MRTT Phénix. The incorporation of 40 additional rafale f5 In Luxeuil it implies a substantial increase in France’s nuclear capacity, which could translate into a Increase in the total number of eyelets operational In addition to being compatible with the new ASN4G missiles, the Rafale F5 will be equipped to Operate in conjunction with drones Combat, an innovation that reinforces the French strategy strategy and greater stealth. These fighters, designed to remain in service until 2060, will consolidate the French air nuclear capacity, keeping it at the technological avant -garde against emerging threats. Pressure on Germany. The announcement of the nuclear expansion coincided with the Macron visit to Germanywhere he met with European leaders, while in parallel Trump and Putin maintained bilateral conversations. A context that suggests that France seeks not only to strengthen its own nuclear deterrencebut also to press Germany and other NATO members to increase Your investment in defense. Berlin, as we said at the beginning, is in the process of Eliminate restrictions Constitutional to military spendingwhich opens the door to that narrower cooperation in nuclear deterrence. In this sense, France has been exploring the possibility of display nuclear weapons in Germanya measure that could materialize if the United States reduces its commitment to European security. Of course, establishing a nuclear base in German territory would raise political and strategic challengesmaking the expansion within France a more viable alternative for the moment. ASN4G missiles. One of the key elements, if not the one that most expansion is the development of ASN4G hypersonic missile (Air-Sol Nucléaire of 4e Génération), which will exceed Mach 5 and will have A scope of more than 1,000 kilometerstwice the reach of the current ASMP-A. In comparison, the ASMP-A reaches Mach 3 with a maximum range of 500 kilometers and is equipped with a 300 kilotons thermonuclear load. Again, this technological advance positions France at the forefront of air nuclear deterrence in Europe, providing it with a faster attack capacity, of greater scope and difficult to intercept. In addition, the incorporation of formed fuel tanks and radar signal reduction systems in Rafale F5 its stealth and capacity will increase of penetration in hostile environments. And a survival manual. In parallel to this “increase” in nuclear deterrence, the French government is preparing the sending of A “Survival Manual” to all homes of the country with instructions on how to act in the face of imminent threats, such as armed conflicts, but also for health crises or natural disasters. This initiative, still pending approval by Prime Minister François Bayrou, seeks to strengthen the resilience of the population and ensure that citizens know how to react in case of emergency. It is expected that the document, of 20 pages, be distributed before summer and serves as a preparation guide against increasingly plausible crisis scenarios in the current context. Content of the manual. We had seen it before in Nations like Germany. In this case, the manual will be divided into three key sectionsproviding citizens with detailed information on self -protection and community protection measures, including the importance of having a family emergency plan. Also on actions to be taken before an imminent threat, such as maintaining closed doors and windows in case of nuclear attack, as well as a list of emergency numbers and essential radio frequencies. Finally, the content adds options to contribute to civil defenseencouraging registration in reserve units, volunteer firefighters and other crisis response groups. Plus: The document will recommend to citizens prepare a “survival kit”, which must include six liters of water, at least a dozen food cans, batteries, flashlight and basic medical supplies (such as paracetamol, gauze and saline solution). An uncertain future. Both the manual and the rearme are still a symbol of the New France position Faced with global challenges. With a Europe more and more vulnerable to conflicts, energy crisis and natural disasters, Macron seems to bet on a more prepared and resilient society, while reinforcing the military capacity of the country. In addition, with the decision to strengthen its nuclear capacity through the Luxeuil Base, the Nation sends a clear message: it is willing to assume strategic leadership in European defense, adapting to an increasingly unstable global environment. That distant plan that in 1959 Charles de Gaulle devised In the middle of the cold war again sounds strongly. Image | Aleem Yousaf In Xataka | In the middle of the Cold War, France designed a nuclear rearme plan for Europe. Now sound strongly In Xataka | The “rearme” of Europe has begun in a Volkswagen factory in Germany: instead of cars they will produce tanks

A European Startup and Microsoft have allied to overcome a major challenge: simulate brain reasoning

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Simulate the human brain It is one of the great scientific challenges of our time. It is not just a matter of calculation power: for years, laboratories around the world have invested millions in trying to replicate their operation, but even with advances in artificial intelligence (AI) and supercomputing, the goal is still far away. Why is it so difficult? Because the brain is not only an information processor, but an ultra -efficient system of just 1.4 kg with more than 86,000 million interconnected neurons. Imitating their cognitive, emotional and linguistic abilities remains a border that we have not yet crossed, although some believe we are close. INAIT simulation technology and Microsoft’s computational power Inait, a Swiss startup founded in 2018 under the premise that “the only proven form of intelligence is in the brain”, has closed an alliance with Microsoft to develop models of the capable of simulating The reasoning of mammals. Their objective is to apply them in sectors such as finance, risk management and personalized advice. In theory, everything fits perfectly. Inait says having a simulation technology based on decades of research financed by the Swiss government, and Microsoft puts on the table the infrastructure and the business model necessary to transform this commitment into products ready to reach millions of customers worldwide. But the idea is not to develop human brains simulations with all its faculties overnight. Inait is training Digital models of different sizesdesigned to address specific challenges. For example, for advanced trading or the development of industrial machines capable of adapting to complex and dynamic environments. Digital visualization of a region of the Neocortex and the thalamus, including its network of blood vessels. Here the advantage is clear: take advantage of one of the most amazing faculties of the brain, which is its ability to face completely new scenarios and adapt quickly and continuously using previous knowledge. Even when it comes to sensory, emotional or social stimuli never before experienced. According to Financial TimesAdir Ron, director of AI and Cloud of Microsoft for emerging companies, highlighted the approach of the Swiss startup: “Inait is a pioneer in a new AI paradigm: it goes beyond traditional models based on data towards digital brains capable of a True cognition” For his part, Henry Markram, co -founder of INAIT, said that AI models based on brain simulations could not only learn much faster than current deep reinforcement systems, but also have significantly lower energy consumption. This would mean a key advantage in terms of efficiency and sustainability. Now we only have to wait to see if this vision translates into tangible advances or if, like so many other technological promises, You can’t advance enough. The possibility of building AI models that imitate the learning and adaptability of the human brain is a monumental challenge, but also an extremely interesting goal. Images | Milad Fakurian In Xataka | We already know at what speed our brain processes: just 10 bits per second In Xataka | Figure creates a system to make large -scale humanoid robots. And of course, there will be robots manufacturing robots

In full struggle with the US for world supremacy, China has hit the 55,000 million table

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The effort that Chinese lithography equipment is making to develop their own avant -garde machines is titanic. And, as expected, the Xi Jinping government is supporting these companies with multimillionaire subsidies. In fact, at the beginning of September 2023 he approved a game of no less than 41,000 million dollars Destined precisely to the companies that produce the equipment involved in the manufacture of integrated circuits. The achievements are already arriving, and are notable. SMIC and HUAWEI have opted, at least for now, for refining their lithographic processes and optimizing UVP lithography machines (deep ultraviolet) manufactured by ASML that they already have in their possession. Other companies, however, have chosen to develop their integration technologies relying on the new teams that Naura Technology, Amec (Advanced Micro-Fabrication Equipment Inc. China) or Piotech Inc. have taken to point. This is the path that You are following Yangtze Memory Technologies Co. (YMTC), the largest memory chips manufacturer in China. For China it is not a priority only the manufacture of integrated circuits China’s Ministry of Finance has confirmed that the general budgets of the country led by Xi Jinping for 2025 allocate approximately 55,000 million dollars to research in the field of science and technology, which represents a 10% increase compared to 2024. China only spends more money in the defense industry and the payment of interest generated by its debt. During 2024 this budget item was mainly allocated to the development of semiconductors, the artificial intelligence (AI) and space exploration. China needs to have its own UVE lithography equipment as soon as possible to produce avant -garde chips in an autonomous way The 2025 departure will essentially stop the same sectors that received a strong economic impulse of the State last year, but there is an important difference that is not overlooking. The integrated circuit industry received the support of the administration in 2024 and will receive it again in 2025. It is understandable that it is so. There is a lot at play. And it is that China needs to have its own extreme ultraviolet lithography equipment as soon as possible to produce avant -garde chips in a completely autonomous way and without US sanctions and their allies have any margin of maneuver. The other two sectors to which this budget item will go are the AI ​​and the Quantum computersso the industry that will presumably lose some economic support will be that of space exploration. The development of AI and quantum computers is crucial in full struggle with the US by world supremacy. In the country governed by Donald Trump he still carries the singing voice, although Deepseek It is greatly reinforcing China’s position. And as regards quantum technologies the latest milestones that this Asian country has achieved They allow you to look at you to the US. It will be interesting to verify how these strategic sectors evolve for 2025. Image | IBM More information | China Ministry of Finance In Xataka | China prepares the mate to the US: it will have its own UVE lithography team to make chips in 2025

Korea has a problem with celebrity suicides. The last one has caused an earthquake and sunk to a star

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He February 16 They found in their house in Seoul the lifeless body of Kim Sae-Rona 24 -year -old interpreter who had become famous for his papers for Netflix and Disney+. It was a friend who discovered the body and alerted the police. Kim was alone. There were no clues to suggest murder. No signs of violence. Nor were health problems. What did drag were dark years, claims of payments, harassment in the networks and the shadow of a scandal that sank his career. From A first moment Police handled the case as a suicide. The tragic death of Kim Sae-Ron has however raised a huge dust that touches several sensitive issues in South Korea: Suicideonline harassment to celebrities, Hypercompetivitygender inequality and relationships marked by the age difference, something that is now taking its toll (in the literal sense) To one of the greatest celebrities of South Korea, the actor Kim Soo-Hyun. A tragedy … and an earthquake Around what happened in the apartment of Kim Sae-Ron before one of his friends found it, a month ago, there are few doubts. “We believe it made an extreme decision and planned to handle it as suicide,” I recognized Shortly after the body lifting the Seoul Police. Without great doubts about that particular, the great question that remained throwing was, why? What led an actress of only 24 years to take “An extreme decision”? For Kim’s father there are few doubts. The same day of funeral He pointed to a YouTuber with more than 620,000 subscribers that basically dedicate gossip on celebrities. In one of the many incisive pieces that he dedicated to Kim, the influencer He made fun for example that the actress had been forced to work in a cafeteria. Moreover, he even accused her of being a paripé to get attention. “His videos caused him a deep anguish,” remember The father of the actress. After suicide, the Youtuber just eliminated the contents. In the case of Kim there are however much (a lot) more cloth than cut. Throughout the last month it has transcended more information that helps to understand how its last years of life passed. Some was already public domain. Another not so much. Among the first, what was already known, is The incident He starred several years ago for driving under the influence of alcohol. In 2022, in an episode that soon attracted the attention of the media, Kim crashed into a railing and an electric transformer for drunk driving. The consequence: a small blackout, A fine of 13,000 euros… And something else, a irreparable damage In his image that seemed to precipitate the end of his career. That same year the Gold Medalist and Kim agency They did not renew his contract and It is counted That the producers came to edit (or directly eliminate) scenes in which the young woman appeared, such as ‘Bloodhounds’, released in 2023. Whether or not, the truth is that Kim, who debuted as a model being still a baby and achieved her first leading role with only eight years, saw how her career was truncated from night to morning. Just a year ago he tried to return to the stage with a role in a theater play, but he retired claiming “Health problems”. The 2022 accident with alcohol in between, satirical videos and the withdrawal in extremis of 2024 were made known; But they are just a part of the chronicle of Jim Sae-Ron. Another circumstance that has aroused much more interest in South Korea is its relationship with Kim Soo-Hyun, A 37 year old actor Famous in the country (and outside) for its papers in ‘Queen of Tears’ or ‘One Ordinary Day’. Around the alleged romance there are many shadows among other reasons for how the controversial actor himself and the agency that represents him has managed, the same one that worked in his day with Kim Sae-Ron. According to India todayIn 2024 the company denied that such a relationship existed for amending shortly after. The truth is that I know They have disseminated photos in which you can supposedly see both young people In affectionate attitude and about him Affair The YouTube channel have been spoken Garosero Resarch Institute and (more importantly) the Sae-Ron family. The Korean press has not escaped a detail that lends itself to different interpretations: Sae-Ron decided to take his life on the same day of Soo-Hyun’s birthday, although the relationship between the two would have ended long ago. Click on the image to go to Tweet. And why is it important? For several reasons. The main is that, As he has denounced The aunt of the deceased actress, the relationship between Sae-Ron and Kim Soo-Hyun began when she was 15 years old and he 27. Until 2023 the age of legal consent in Korea It was 13 yearsalthough later he rose at 16. The age of majority is in any case in the 19th. The perspective between a famous 27-year-old actor and a 15-year-old teenager has generated an intense stir in South Korea, shaking the debate and placing in the eye of the hurricane to Soo-Hyun. Kim Sae-Ron’s family has greatly influenced the subject and has even apologized to the actor. “We ask Kim Soo-Hyun who admits to have left with SAE-Ron when he was a minor and It apologizes publicly. We also demand an apology from your agency, which has denied the relationship for the past three years and even reiterated this denial just three days ago, ” demand. Around the case there is also another key and it is the role of the Gold Medalist agency, whose link with SAE-Ron was cut years ago but still linked to Soo-Hyun. The reason is simple: in recent weeks the support he gave to the actress has been questioned, after the 2022 scandal, and the pressure he exerted for demand reimbursement of 700 million wones, equivalent to about 440,000 euros. The agency He has already responded Speaking of “invented and unacceptable accusations … Read more

ASML’s “invisible monopoly” is indisputable. Although without the technology of these companies would not have reached the top

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“In 1997, Jos Benschop, the leader of the Investigation Department of ASMLreassess whether extreme ultraviolet technology (UVE) was a viable option. After the first tests he realized that Zeiss was able to develop extraordinarily sophisticated mirrors that would be necessary to transport ultraviolet light. Everything began to change: The puzzle pieces began to fit in their holes and that impossible machine was acquiring little by little. ” These lines come from the chapter entitled “An invisible monopoly” from the very interesting trial book “Focus: The Asml Way” written by Dutch journalist Marc Hijink. We have resorted to them to open this text for a weight reason: they perfectly condense the complexity of the lithography machine that has allowed ASML to lead the industry of the manufacturing equipment of chips alone. And it is that Europe has a voice in the integrated circuit industry thanks to this company of the Netherlands. ASML has no competition since its first UVE photolithography team placed on the market. Japanese Canon and Nikon companies, their natural competitors, also tried to develop this machine, but failed in the attempt. The technical and economic resources that were necessary to make it possible were so numerous that They decided to retire from the struggle with Asml. Free road. Today the most advanced semiconductor manufacturing machines that we can find in the TSMC, Intel, Samsung or SK Hynix plants produce ASML. Currently his reign seems imperturbable. Canon has developed a team of nano -impression lithography that it seeks to compete from you to you with the UVE machines of ASML, but for the moment it is not clear that this technology will be able to rival the most advanced team of the Dutch company: the machine of High Opening Photolithography (UVE). Intel is already testing it, and it is expected that TSMC and Samsung do so for the next few months. Presumably thanks to it they can produce chips of less than 1 nm before this decade expires. ASML does not walk alone UVE photolithography equipment is extraordinarily sophisticated. The GPUs for artificial intelligence more advanced from Nvidia; The most powerful soc that Apple or the CPUs with the highest AMD performance are possible thanks to them. Of course, none of these companies make their own chips. They design them, but they are produced by the Taiwanese company TSMC using ASML UVE lithography machines. However, this European Corporation has not developed solo all innovations that have made its most advanced integrated circuit production equipment possible. One of its most important allies is the American company Cymer. This company founded in 1986 specializes in the manufacture of lasers and deep ultraviolet light sources (UVP) and extreme (UVE). It has a very close relationship with ASML for many years; In fact, the role that Cymer manufactures in lithography machines is so relevant than in 2013 ASML bought this San Diego company with the purpose of investing in it to accelerate the development of the technologies involved in UVE lithography. The ultraviolet light transports the geometric pattern described by the mask to the surface of the Silicio wafer Somehow Cymer gives ASML the raw material that their photolithography machines need. And that raw material is none other than the ultraviolet light that is responsible for transporting the geometric pattern described by the mask so that it can be transferred with great precision to the surface of the Silicon wafer. Understanding what is the mask is simple: it is nothing other than a physical template that contains the design of the integrated circuit that is necessary to transfer to the Silicon wafer. During this transfer process a fine sheet of a substance sensitive to ultraviolet light is placed on the wafer and exposes the latter. The mask blocks or allows the passage of light in concrete regions of the wafer, thus transferring the chip pattern. Then the development, engraving and deposition processes follow each other whose purpose is, in broad strokes, transfer the different layers of the circuit integrated to the wafer and consolidate the transistors and interconnections that shape the chip. Interestingly, as we have just seen, the photolithography process is very similar to the chemical development of photographs. Of course, it is much more complex and requires working with resolutions that until a few years ago were unimaginable. Precisely thanks to the very high resolution with which it is possible to transfer the geometric pattern that describes the circuit integrated to the wafer today we enjoy Integrated 3 Nm circuits. And for 2025 they will be available The first 2 Nm semiconductors. Since we are involved in flour, it is worth investigating a little more in the characteristics of the light used by UVE lithography equipment. And its most striking property is that it belongs to the most energy portion of the ultraviolet region of the electromagnetic spectrum. In fact, its wavelength extends in the range that goes From 10 to 100 nanometers (NM). The problem is that it is not easy to generate and deal with this form of electromagnetic radiation. And it is not, among other reasons, because it is so energetic that it alters the structure of the physical elements with which it interacts inside the lithography machine. In addition, the UVE light must travel from the source to the silicon wafer without interacting with the slightest dust particle, so it is necessary that the entire chips production process be carried out inside a camera designed to provide a very quality vacuum. Anyway, the transport of ultraviolet light from the fountain that produces it to the wafer is only possible thanks to the intervention of the mirrors that the other great ally of ASML designs and manufactures: the German company Zeiss. If the mirrors involved in the propagation of the UVE light are not manufactured with enormous precision the geometric pattern defined by the mask will be altered The role of Zeiss’s optical elements in these lithography equipment is crucial. And it is because they are responsible, … Read more

Elon Musk fired 6,000 employees two weeks ago. Now the US faces the massive entry of invasive species

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Elon Musk had several weeks ago that his efficiency department (Doge) has an advantage over the rest: they work 120 hours a week. Incredible that their words are, the facts seem to be proved, because the strenuous working days have led more than an alarming calculation error between mass dismissals and dismantling key programs. Latest: release To so many people that the country’s health controls have weakened. Administrative errors. It Wired counted in a report where he took stock since the creation of the Doge office. In just a few weeks, their actions had included the publication of classified information by accidentthe desperate dismissal and recontraction of Nuclear Safety Expertsor the erroneous inflation of governmental “savings” In 7,992 million dollars. For the medium, the failures They reflect a combination of technological arrogance and absolute ignorance of the government’s functioning, with potentially catastrophic consequences. Risks in food safety. Doge has implemented an unprecedented purge within several government agencies, but few dismissals reflect the climate of chaos such as the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) such an excessive scissors that has triggered a Crisis in Food Safety and trade, leaving the country vulnerable to invasive species and the increase in food. The reason? With the elimination of 6,000 jobs in Februarythe USDA lost a significant part of its highly trained personnel, including inspectors, biologists and coaches of detector dogs that protected American agriculture of pest and zoonotic diseases. In fact, Derek Copeland, former National Dog Detection Training Center coach, warned that the reduction Personnel affects the ability to detect threats such as the giant African snail or the Asian beetle of long horns, which could have devastating consequences for local crops and ecosystems. Blow to inspection and biosafety. There are more. The protection and quarantine units have been of the most affectedwith the loss of hundreds of inspectors, which has significantly reduced controls on agricultural imports. According to experts, this lack of personnel has converted inspections into A chaotic and disorganized processespecially in key ports such as Los Angeles and Miami, who have seen 35% reductions in their quarantine staff and up to 60% in their smuggling detection team. This, in turn, has generated delays in merchandise processing, which could translate into a price increase in supermarkets and a massive waste of foods that are spoiled while waiting to be inspected. Impact on economy and commerce. The damage is not limited to agricultural security. Mike Lahar, regulatory affairs manager at the Deringer customs broken National Security. It’s not A trivial theme. A single error in the detection of a plague I could tithe whole cropswhich would affect not only farmers but the entire food supply chain. In addition, the accumulation of containers without inspection is affecting other industrial sectors, as shipments are being stranded, reducing the availability of essential goods and raising costs for consumers and companies. Legal uncertainty. Trump’s government has defended cuts as An efficiency measurebut the repercussions have generated alarm. Republican senators, like Joni Ernst, previously They supported the program Of pest detection with dogs, but they have avoided ruling on the dismissals. Two federal judges have ordered reinstallation Of dismissed employees, but the White House has described these decisions as “absurd and unconstitutional,” leaving thousands of workers in uncertainty. Meanwhile, the USDA has announced a 45 -day break in the dismissals, but without guarantees of rectation for those affected. Collapse in agri -food security. If the crisis persists, experts warn about a possible scenario similar to that of pandemic, with a shortage of certain products and a Food inflation driven by lack of control in the ports. In this regard, Joe Hudicka, veteran of the supply chain industry, anticipates that large cities and supermarkets can better absorb the impact, but rural communities and small businesses will be the most affected. For his part, Kit Johnson, director of Commercial Compliance at John S. James, warns that the reduction of inspections could lead to An agricultural catastrophe If invasive species manage to establish themselves without being detected. Undecatization? Wired counted that experts slide two hypotheses to try to explain the disaster caused by Doge. The first is that the initiative never intended to make the government more efficient, but simply dismantle agencies to pave the path to privatization and obtain access to sensitive government data. Under this logic, the elimination of regulations and administrative chaos would favor the intervention of private companies in key sectors such as defense, agriculture and security. The second hypothesis is that Musk and his team really believe in their mission, but they completely lack the skills to execute it, replicating that arrogance that is presupposed to Silicon Valley by assuming that the ability to build software translates into competition to handle the government apparatus. In other words: Musk can be a genius in certain areas, but his performance as a “de facto CEO” of the government is increasingly close to a failure. Consequences. Thus, the destruction caused by Doge not only affects government efficiency, but can have economic and geopolitical implications In the long term. The purge of thousands of employees has triggered unemployment and generated instability in key sectors, which could have recessive effects on the economy. The decision to dismantle critical areas such as those of the USDA have weakened key plots such as Food security and agricultural protection of the nation at a time when the supply chain already faces challenges such as The aviar flu and the Commercial disputes with China. Meanwhile, as ports begin to feel the effects of the lack of inspections, concern grows between farmers, merchants and consumers. If the situation is not reversed, the country could face an unprecedented agricultural crisis. Image | Gage Skidmore, US Department In Xataka | In his eagerness to attack the public sector, Elon Musk has crossed a line: distorting the story of Hitler and Stalin In Xataka | Elon Musk has revealed the formula of his team’s success. The problem is that they barely have time to sleep and … Read more

Xiaomi has lost 800 million dollars in its first year selling electric cars. It is excellent news for your future

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Nine months in the market have been enough to show that Lei Jun was not wrong when he decided to bet on electric cars. The company announced the Xiaomi Su7 in December 2023. In April 2024 the first deliveries arrived. In December I already touched with the fingers Strain its only electric car as one of the 10 new energy models (plug and electrical hybrids) in China. Now, the company has submitted results and has updated its upward forecasts. 2025 will be the first full year in which, at least, one of its electric cars is on the street. In 2023 they did not sell a single electric car. In 2025 they aspire to place in the market 350,000 units. With the data collected by Clean Technicait is very likely that the Xiaomi Su7 will be placed among the 10 best -selling cars of new energy in the Chinese market, despite competing with settled brands that offer much cheaper vehicles such as the Byd Seagull or the Wuling Hongguang Mini. The 2024 results have been a definitive support for the strategy. Results that take away the hypo Until now, Xiaomi had announced that I hoped to deliver 300,000 electric cars in 2025. However, the presentation of 2024 results has served to update those figures in another 50,000 additional units. In addition, of the Xiaomi Su7, the company is expected to launch the market Xiaomi Yu7an electric SUV that points directly to Tesla Model and as the great rival. It is no accident that Elon Musk’s are valuing the launch of a cut version of your SUV best -selling electric in the Asian country. But what has really been a support for the company has been Xiaomi Su7 Ultra. The most capable electric car sells dream benefits at a ridiculous price. On paper, it improves the performance of a Porsche Taycan but is sold to a third of its price. The announcement, as expected, has ended up unleashing madness. Lei Jun confirmed That in three days they have sold all the production they had scheduled for 2025, confirming more than 10,000 sales. In those three days there were a total of 19,000 reservations, so the demand of the car almost doubled the annual production in 72 hours. Xiaomi first year data selling electric cars All this has had a brutal impact on your accounts: Xiaomi has already delivered more than 200,000 cars. The net profit of the company has increased by 41% (3,760 million dollars) compared to 2023. Total sales of the company have grown by 35%. Their cars already suppose 10% of the company’s income. Between 2021 and 2025 it has spent 3.3 billion dollars on the development of the electric vehicle and its entire ecosystem. He plans to continue spending another 4.2 billion dollars in investigation in 2025. They lost around 800 million dollars in their car division. That loss of 800 million of dollars should not be a big problem for the company. Keep in mind that only in 2025 will almost double the cars that it has put in the market so far. In addition, the performance of the Xiaomi Su7 Ultra and the arrival of the Xiaomi Yu7 should help them make the investments already made. And not just that. From Fortune They emphasize that the company values ​​its performance in the automobile market because the company helps to comply with its brand image and raise it. Competing from you to you with Porsche and Tesla gives the company a value that until now did not. In addition, from Xiaomi they already assure that In 2027 They hope to export their first cars outside their borders, which should give a new push to its portfolio and continue to press so that the electric car becomes a fundamental pillar in the company’s strategy. If it is not anymore. Photo | Lei Jun in X In Xataka | The Xiaomi Su7 also expires in autonomy: the first tests under real conditions place him above Tesla or Byd

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