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A frantic race has begun between China and the US for Brazil’s rare earths. And Brazil only asks for one thing in return.

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After a diplomatic incident with Japan, China abruptly reduced its exports of rare earths, causing an immediate shock in industries around the world that depended on these materials to manufacture everything from magnets to advanced electronics. For weeks, companies and governments discovered the extent to which a seemingly invisible resource could become a lever of global power. A global race that is decided far from Washington and Beijing. This push for critical minerals has entered a new phase, with Brazil now converted on the board where the interests of the United States and China intersect. The reason? They both search ensure access to key rare earths for technology, defense and energy transition, but this time they are not negotiating on equal terms. Brazil, with one of the largest reserves in the world, has made it clear tons of common sense: that it does not want to repeat the historical role of simple exporter of raw materials, and is using that position to redefine the rules of the game. The US accelerates, but Brazil slows down. Washington has intensified its offensive with multi-million dollar investment proposalsbilateral agreements and formulas to guarantee direct supply to US companies. It has even started to secure rights on production through financing, trying to close the path to China in a supply chain that it considers strategic. However, this approach has been perceived in Brazil like too aggressivewhich has generated political resistance and has stopped agreements that, on paper, would benefit both parties. China is still in the game. Meanwhile, China has not disappeared from the board, but quite the opposite: is still the main global player in the processing of rare earths and maintains active commercial relations with Brazil. Exports to the Asian giant have grownand its industrial experience remains difficult to match in the short term. This puts Brazil in a unique position, where it can negotiate simultaneously with multiple powers without being forced to choose, at least for now. The Brazilian condition. This is where Brazil introduces its strategic turn: opening the door to foreign capital, there is no problem with that, but with a clear and unusual condition in this type of agreement. It is not enough to extract resources, but any partner must contribute to local technological development, processing within the country and job creation. In other words, Brazil demands to transform its mineral wealth in own industrial capacitybreaking with decades of dependence in which it exported raw materials and imported finished products. From exporter to industrial power. This change of focus is translating in concrete proposalssuch as the possible creation of a state company to manage critical minerals or a battery of laws aimed at strengthening national control over the sector. The idea is clear: go from selling resources to build the entire chain of value within the country, from extraction to manufacturing of key components. There is no doubt that it will not be a quick or easy process, but it marks an ambition that goes far beyond a simple commercial agreement. The real pulse: who accepts Brazil’s rules. In essence, the competition between the United States and China for Brazilian rare earths is no longer fought only in terms of investment or access, but in who is willing to accept the conditions that third parties imposein this case Brazil. Because the country is not saying “no” to anyone, but something more uncomfortable for the great powers: “yes, but on our terms.” And that introduces a new element in the geopolitics of resources, one where control no longer depends only on who needs the minerals and has the money, but on who has the capacity (and the will) to impose the rules of the game. For Brazil, a master move. Image | NZ Defense Force, YouTube In Xataka | China has just discovered the largest deposit of rare earths in the world. And he did it just when he needed it most. In Xataka | The world’s rare earth reserves, laid out in this graph showing the brutal dominance of a single country

France has begun to retire Windows from its administration. It is the beginning of his divorce from Microsoft, Google and Amazon

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Digital sovereignty in Europe has gone from being a theoretical concept to something increasingly tangible and desirable with respect to the technology we consume. It is no longer just a trend that is increasingly more individual people are tryingbut has also become an object of desire for administrations and companies. The path to becoming independent from big tech in the United States is not easy and while there are startups like Mistral who gets rich in the processthere is a state that has decided to take a brave step forward: France. In a global environment where data and infrastructure are geopolitical weapons, the French Government, through the Interministerial Directorate for Digital (DINUM), has launched an aggressive roadmap to regain control over their information systems, thus reducing the hegemony of non-EU technological solutions. And it has started with Windows. The decision. In a high-level inter-ministerial seminar, DINUM together with ANSSI, the State Purchasing Directorate and the DGE formalized the most ambitious commitment to digital sovereignty adopted to date by a Western European power. Or what is the same: France wants to exit the American technological ecosystem in a systematic, planned way and with specific deadlines. It is not an experiment, it is state policy. The guideline is clear: map and reduce dependence on technology suppliers from outside the EU. The measure is not a veto but rather a mandatory transition towards a model where public administration must prioritize local or open source solutions, especially in critical services and sensitive data processing. As has declared the Minister of Action and Public Accounts David Amiel: “ We can no longer accept that our data, our infrastructure and our strategic decisions depend on solutions whose rules, prices, evolution and risks we do not control.” Why is it important. From a systems engineering and cybersecurity point of view, the measure is vital for issues such as protecting against Cloud Act of the United States, the law that allows its authorities to access data stored in American companies regardless of where the servers are located. On the other hand, it guarantees that the state maintains its necessary technical capabilities to operate its own infrastructure without depending on proprietary “black boxes” and to heal itself in the event of a change in conditions or other external problems. But this phased migration is much more than an OS change: it involves dismantling the entire associated ecosystem, certificates and applications designed for Windows. It means rebuilding the digital foundations of the state from the roots so that they function with total autonomy and without foreign parts, without citizens noticing the change on the surface. Context. Our daily personal, professional and bureaucratic lives live in an ecosystem governed by hyperscalersthose technology companies like Microsoft, Google or Amazon that dominate storage and cloud computing. This mention is not random: they alone eat more than 60% of the cloud cake, as Statista collects. The increase in cyber threats and the US technological monopoly in the West and its increasingly invasive turn to the privacy of others have done the rest. France has been maturing the doctrine for years “Cloud au Center“. While the ANSSI audited the dependencies on critical infrastructures, its sovereign cloud was being forged as a real alternative. In addition, the European regulatory framework, with the NIS2 directive wave cyber resilience lawhas created the ideal breeding ground. With tools like TchapVisio, FranceTransfert and Socle Numérique (alternatives to WhatsApp, Teams, WeTransfer or Microsoft 365, respectively) France no longer only has a plan, but a real operational base on which to scale. The plan towards sovereignty. It is neither a toast to the sun nor does it have vague and diffuse measurements or distant dates, but concrete, tangible movements and which is either already being implemented or is scheduled to be completed before the end of the year: DINUM abandons Windows and migrates its jobs to Linux. It is the first central State agency to do so. Already underway. Migration of 80,000 agents from the Caisse Nationale d’Assurance Maladie (equivalent to Social Security) to sovereign tools: Tchap, Visio and FranceTransfert. Already underway. Migration of the health data platform to a reliable European solution. Scheduled for the end of 2026. Duties for each ministry: present a dependency reduction plan, which includes databases, antivirus, AI or collaborative tools. For this fall. Yes, but. France has a basic skeleton and a legal framework, as well as public-private coalitions to accelerate the transition through concrete and measurable public commitments. But it won’t be easy. Exiting Windows involves disassembling Active Directory and what is behind it, something that costs a lot of time and money. And migrating 80,000 agents to new tools is not so much a technology problem but rather a problem of implementing new management. Also, go out where. Many European solutions still do not reach the integration, ease of use and capacity (especially in AI) of American big tech, which implies a step backwards in terms of quality. But even if it were possible, moving from a proprietary infrastructure to a sovereign one implies an enormous investment in time, personnel training and data migration. Finally, maintaining and evolving our own infrastructure requires specialized and experienced personnel in a market where talent is scarce and expensive. In Xataka | The CEO of Mistral sends a message to Europe: the end of being the technological vassal of the United States In Xataka | Europe seeks to become independent from Microsoft Office. Your alternative is already here, but not without controversy Cover | Clint Patterson and Arno Senoner

The Artemis II countdown has already begun, but many critical points must still be overcome

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If everything goes well, humans will return to the moon todayafter more than 50 years without manned trips to our satellite. The Artemis II mission has a two-hour launch window, which will begin at 6:24 p.m. local time in Florida (00:24 a.m. PST). Before that launch the countdown will take place. But not the typical 10-second countdown that comes to mind, but a much longer one that has, in fact, already started. During the 50 hours that the countdown lasts, each of the factors that could make it necessary to postpone the launch are analyzed point by point. Only if everything is fine or can be solved at the moment will we finally see this mission begin, which breaks records and barriers in many ways. Who. The crew of Artemis II They will be very different from those of the Apollo missions. Although all of them were crewed by three white American men, this time there will be more variety. The four astronauts who will go aboard the Orion capsule are Reid Wiseman, Victor Glover, Christina Koch and Jeremy Hansen. The last three will be the ones that will make the difference, since Glover and Koch will potentially be the first black person and the first woman to travel to the Moon and Hansen the first Canadian to leave Earth’s orbit. The Artemis II crew will be pioneers in many ways So that. Artemis II will not land on the lunar surface. That will be the goal of Artemis III. However, its 10-day trip will include a flyby to the Moon, in which key systems, such as life support, navigation and communications, will be tested. Photographs will also be taken of the hidden side of the Moon, in order to analyze its geology. and other data of scientific interest. Meanwhile, astronauts will carry sensors that will help verify the alterations that their biological parameters experience in space. The countdown. While it is true that the true countdown lasts 10 minutes, during the 50 hours prior to launch There is a very well established testing and preparation schedule. It all starts with preparing the fuel loading systems and powering up the ship. Other important key points are, for example, the ignition of the batteries, which occurs 33 hours before or the cooling and subsequent filling of the various fuel charging and propulsion systems. These steps are taken starting 10 hours before launch. Also very important is the flight crew’s weather briefing, which takes place 6 hours before the rocket is launched. The real countdown. During the last 10 minutes, very sensitive tasks for the launch are carried out. Above all, in this countdown the last checks are made to all the systems and the refueling of the fuel tanks is carried out. This means that the tank is refilled to the optimal level to replace the fuel that has evaporated during the filling stages. In these last minutes, the final pressurization of the tanks is also carried out and the rocket goes into internal energy mode. That is, it stops using energy from the terrestrial electrical system and uses only its batteries. What can go wrong. Any minor detail that does not work properly during the 50 hours before launch could cause the mission to be postponed. The most sensitive points are, without a doubt, those that have to do with fuel. For example, many missions have been canceled when leaks were detected in the tanks that could not be solved at the time. Adverse weather could also force the launch to be delayed. When. A launch cannot take place at any time. The Earth revolves around the Sun and the Moon orbits the Earth. In order for a rocket launched from Earth to follow a suitable trajectory towards the Moon, it is important that it be in a suitable orientation, taking into account their respective orbits. These specific moments are known as launch windows. Artemis II will have one of these windows today for two hours. If the launch could not be carried out due to any error, this month there will be several more opportunities, on April 2, 3, 6 and 30. After takeoff. The first 8 minutes after takeoff are critical. The engines are working at maximum power to leave the Earth’s atmosphere and arrive, now, slowly. Above all there will be two critical ignitions in the rocket’s upper stage, known as ICPS. The first serves to stabilize the orbit and the second to take the rocket to high Earth orbit. It is important that these go well so that the mission can move forward. Once those critical 8 minutes have been passed, the mission will have a lot of flight ahead of it, but at least the most complicated part will have passed. Even so, still We will have 10 days to closely follow the work of these 4 astronauts which, of course, have already gone down in history. Images | POT In Xataka | Spanish technology in the return to the Moon: the system designed in Madrid that NASA will use in Artemis II

In the middle of the war, Israel’s underground parking lots have begun to fill with something: tents

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On the fourth floor of the underground parking lot of the Dizengoff Centerone of the most popular shopping centers in Tel Aviv, the difficult thing these days is seeing cars. There are also not many motorcycles, vans or any other type of vehicle. What has occupied the squares painted on the ground for weeks are dozens of tents, the ‘home’ improvised by Israelis looking for a place to protect themselves from the attacks with which Iran has responded to ‘Operation Epic Fury’ that on February 28 ended the life of its leader, Ali Khamenei. While on the surface the sirens sound warning of the arrival of missiles, there, on the -4 floor, life goes on among removable tents. “Look where I am”. With that phrase I started a few days ago tiktoker Andrea Bisso (@Latinaenisrael96) a video in which it shows the parking lot of a shopping center in Israel. The curious thing is that as you walk through its corridors you don’t see cars or people with shopping carts, but rather tents, an improvised table on pallets where food is distributed, handwritten posters hanging from the columns, clothes hanging from cables… The landscape that marks the daily life of the dozens of families who take refuge there. “People are living here now, in times of war. This is where they have moved. It’s incredible how people started to live in a parking lot. These are people who have small children, can’t run to a shelter, don’t have one nearby or are elderly who can’t go down the stairs… They prefer to live here,” relates Andrea as she walks through the parking lot. “Alternate reality”. The tiktoker is not the only one that has shown how the war has transformed some unexpected places in Israel. A few days ago Zeb Stub also did it on an extensive report for The Times of Israel in which it affects the same idea. In fact, he talks about the “alternative reality” that has been created on the -4th floor of the Dizengoff Center parking lot, where “a city” basically made up of dozens of tents has been deployed. Curiously, life activates beneath the surface while it decays in commercial areas. Stub explains for example that in the Azrieli Centeralso in Tel Aviv, some businesses estimate that activity has fallen by 20% or even 50% in recent weeks. “Many people come simply to get out of the house,” they say from a shoe store. “The normal thing before Passover is that people come to buy new clothes, but this year they are not thinking about that.” Life goes on underground. Gal, a teacher who teaches remotely, explained to the Israeli newspaper that she decided to move to the Dixengoff shelter last week among other reasons because she had to constantly interrupt her work in her apartment. “I teach online classes and having to stop every time the siren sounds is making my work more complicated,” recognize the woman In the shelter you don’t just see people eating, sleeping, working or simply hanging out. a chronicle from the Associated Press (AP) talks about much more casual scenes, such as a bride posing with her family for a wedding photo session or young people dressed up for celebrate the holiday Purim Jewish… There are also spaces for attend to medical emergencieslike the improvised one in a parking lot under the Sheba Medical Center, in Ramant Gan. Are there no conventional shelters? Yes. Israel has public shelters. It is also not unusual to find private spaces designed precisely so that people can take shelter during emergencies. When the alarms sound, people barricade themselves in them, usually for fifteen minutes, half an hour… however long the alert lasts from when the sirens sound. However, there are those who, for one reason or another, choose to put their belongings in a suitcase and temporarily settle in spaces where they feel safer than in their homes, such as parking lots. The Dizengoff Center is an example, but there is more. Under the Tel Aviv bus station there are dozens of families, especially immigrants, who have settled in tents. Crossover attacks. Noah Efron, from the Tel Aviv-Jaffa municipal council, claimed these days that the underground shelters in Tel Aviv are designed to house families at times like the current one, when the Middle East is convulsed by the offensive launched by Israel itself and the US on Iran. Over the last few weeks, cities like Tel Aviv have received attacks of the Islamist regime, damaging buildings and causing injuries and even fatalities. Israel is not the only one living under the threat of missiles. His army has also been hitting Iran and Lebanon for weeks. In fact, in cities like Tehran or Kfar Rumman there are a significant balance of wounded and dead. Images | TikTok and Wikipedia In Xataka | Iran has just crossed the great energy red line: Türkiye is the first victim of a blackout that is already looking to Europe

In the cemeteries of Galicia, the Christs have begun to disappear from the tombstones. There is a suspect: “red gold”

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The surprise was capital. And sad. Mostly sad. A few days ago, when she went to the pantheon where her relatives are buried, a neighbor from Celanova (Galicia) found that the figure of crucified Christ that decorated the tomb was missing. The curious thing is that not only was his own missing. Taking a look at the rest of the cemetery he found that the same thing was happening in five other tombs. In one, in fact, the Christ had been torn off and only preserved part of one arm, as if someone had burst it by using force with a lever. The case would not have made it out of the local press if it were not for the fact that it was not the only cemetery in Ourense in which the neighbors found that image. What has happened? That in the rural cemeteries of Galicia, more specifically in Ourense, dozens and dozens of Christs are disappearing. It takes a look at the regional press to see that it is more than a simple anecdote: March 16 Vigo Lighthouse informed of the disappearance of figures in two cemeteries in Celanova, days after The Voice of Galicia spoke already of 40 Christs torn from graves and Europa Press raised the total count to more than 50 crucifixes. One of the last media outlets to take stock has been Galicia Press, which on Wednesday the 18th reported the lack of more than 70 Christs in at least five different cemeteries. But… And why is that? Cemeteries are spaces of mourning and meditation, so it is not common (at least not in Spain of the 21st century) encounter cases of missing Christs like the one that shakes rural Ourense. There are a few theories to explain it. It could be acts of vandalism. Or some practice related to esoteric rituals. The Galician authorities are not inclined towards one or the other. For them the mystery is much simpler: the Civil Guard is investigating it like robberies, beatings carried out by criminals who are not interested in crucifixes and their artistic or spiritual value, but in something much more prosaic. What interests them is brass, stainless steel and above all copper with which these pieces were manufactured, a metal that recently reached a record price. ‘Red gold’ thieves? Exact. Recently the Civil Guard recognized to Europa Press who works “without ruling out” any possibility, but the starting hypothesis is quite simple: criminals sneak into cemeteries at night, especially in winter, steal figures that are often made of metal and then melt them down and sell them. Its objective focuses above all on copper, ‘red gold’whose price has been shot after the revaluation of recent years. The idea is that the material reaches the scrap market without raising suspicions and is reused in the industry. The Region even talks about the “band of the christs” and slips that they could be traveling professional criminals. Where have they stolen? The thefts seem to focus on a specific area, in the province of Ourense. Galicia Press point basically to rural cemeteries in the Celanova region and nearby towns, which includes cemeteries such as Santa María de Pontefechas, San Xoán de Viveiro, San Breixo de Celanova or Santo Eusebio de A Peroxa. There are those who expand the affected area in the province and speaks of assaults in cemeteries in the towns of Maside, Verea or Allariz. Thieves do not hesitate either take rings or resorting to force to extract the metal pieces, which has already led them to break crosses or some Christ, as in Pontefechas, where in one of the attacked tombs only part of an arm remained fixed to the stone head. Some parish priests of the archpriest have put on alert to their parishioners to be alert to theft. Why copper? For its value. It’s nothing new. Although its price has fallen slightly in recent days, the price of ‘red gold’ has escalated notably during the last year, reaching spikes historic at the beginning of 2026. The Region specifies that a kilo of this metal can be sold at between eight and ten euroswhich explains why it has been on the bands’ radar for some time now. The interest of criminals is not limited to cemeteries. Not long ago the Civil Guard dismantled a group that was dedicated to stealing copper cables in part of Asturias and the province of Lugo. The authorities estimate that a total of 24,000 kilos valued at 115,000 euros. In 2025 it has already fallen a similar band in Ourense and at the end of 2023 the arrest of other criminals dedicated to the same activity in the border area with Portugal. Does it only happen in Galicia? No. A quick Google search arrives to find news about copper theft in other communities in Spain. Since the bands are interested in the material, it is worth as much wind farm wiring and industrial coils as telephone infrastructure, rail transport either lighting. Proof of how juicy the business is is that at the end of 2025, the Interior reported the arrest of 18 people accused of more than thirty copper thefts worth 1.7 million euros. And what happens in cemeteries? Galicia is not the only place where cemeteries (and their metallic decoration) have whetted the appetite of criminal gangs. Last fall the National Police counted around 200 tombstones from the Torrero de Zaragoza cemetery that had suffered damage. Most for the same reason: tearing off bronze figures and other ornaments. More or less similar episodes have been experienced in the Community of Madrid, Castile and León or the Region of Murcia, where in 2023 the authorities arrested several people for allegedly carrying out more than 80 robberies in a municipal cemetery. The objective is the same: to loot copper, bronze and brass for resale. Images | M. Peinado (Flickr) and Home Office In Xataka | Twenty years ago, 45% of Galician families saved money thanks to the garden: … Read more

Spaniards, the price war at gas stations has begun. And Repsol is the first to launch its attack

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The price of gasoline has skyrocketed. Diesel is through the roof. It has already been dropped that The Government has studied discounts on purchases of fuel as it already did in 2022. And while the Spanish are looking for the cheapest gas stations to refuel, service stations have just opened a war to continue attracting customers. through the clouds. If we talk about average prices, we are still far from the figures that we end up paying for gasoline and diesel in 2022. In the days that followed the first stages of the Ukrainian War, gasoline came to reflect an average price in Spain of 2.152 euros/liter and diesel 2.106 euros/liter, according to the portal dieselgasolina.com which monitors the price of all service stations in the country. Today, March 19, gasoline reflects an average price of 1,784 euros/liter on average. 98 gasoline already scales at 1,938 euros/liter. The basic diesel is already paid at 1,906 euros/liter and the “premium” at 1,988 euros/liter. With these data, gasoline is about 40 cents/liter of what was paid in 2022 but diesel is already at 20 cents/liter. Not only that. If we look back we find a brutal increase in prices. On March 1, the average price of gasoline was 1.495 euros/liter. That is, in 19 days the average price has increased by almost 30 cents/liter. Diesel is even more worrying, rising almost 50 cents/liter from the 1,447 that it reflected on average on March 1. A relief to the pocket. At least cosmetically. That is what happened in 2022 when the Government applied a fuel reduction of 20 cents/liter. It was a flat rate for all drivers which partially alleviated the effect of rising fuel prices, without taking into account if the client was doing it for recreational useto go to work or because he was a professional who needed it to provide his services. However, prices continued to rise and just a few days after the aid began to be applied, which arrived when gasoline was 1.84 euros/liter, we were already paying the same than before the subsidy. Did the marketers take advantage to continue raising prices and increase their business? The CNMC suspected so. Repsol tightens. Although rumors point to a possible subsidy again, oil companies have already begun to take positions in the face of a new price war. The most ambitious has been Repsol, which has in its Waylet program the best tool to build customer loyalty. The company has announced that double your discounts with Waylet. That is, now they deduct 10 cents/liter for each refueling. But Repsol has turned Waylet into its own ecosystem from which it is difficult to get out. If you have electricity contracted with Repsol, the savings double and go from 10 cents/liter to 20 cents/liter. And if you have other contracted services, such as car or home insurance, the discount is 40 cents/liter. Added to this are the discounts with every electric car recharge and domestic rates or subscriptions outside the home, which is why they have managed to position themselves as a very attractive option for those who have both technologies at home, combustion and electricity. A price war. Repsol, yes, is the company that has the highest prices on the market, according to dieselgasolina.com. On average, gasoline at Repsol costs 1,763 euros/liter and diesel 1,861 euros/liter. Moeve, the second most expensive supplier, is very far away, with an average price of 1,693 euros/liter and 1,760 euros/liter for gasoline and diesel respectively. The gap with low cost is gigantic. Alcampo currently sells gasoline at 1,594 euros/liter and diesel at 1,706 euros/liter. However, Repsol has a reason to push: low cost. They explain in Expansion that these service stations are more sensitive to price increases because the volume of each purchase is smaller. They do not have the storage capacity of large companies, which forces them to buy more often and, therefore, increasingly more expensive when the price skyrockets. This reduces your profit margins. And although in the middle they assure that the low cost ones continue to be cheaper, the truth is that the margin is narrowing. When the difference is small, it is easier for Repsol to gain followers and build customer loyalty with large discounts since “cheap gasoline” loses much of its appeal. This loss of competitiveness translates into the results of dieselgasolina.com that collects that Ballenoil has, right now, gasoline more expensive than Moeve, just one step below Repsol. under the magnifying glass. The aggressive discounts on gasoline have fueled the debate about the extent to which oil companies are taking advantage of the situation. In 2022, Repsol has already taken the opportunity to make aggressive discounts. Those, according to the CNMCthey took advantage to try to take smaller gas stations out of the market. Those days, low-cost service stations already assured that the Government subsidy was suffocating them due to the particularities of their business model. Just a few days ago, The OCU has already filed a complaint with the CNMC that the increases that were occurring in the price of fuel were being abusive. They noted that according to the Official Gazette of the European Union, Spain was the third country in which prices had increased the most and that the cost of diesel was higher than the European average. As in the case of Expansion According to his calculations, the low cost ones were the ones that reflected the most striking increases. It remains to be seen what the response of the rest of the service stations is. Repsol has already shown that it has room for maneuver. In 2022, the oil companies that entered the game did so in the same way, with wide discounts within their loyalty plans. And that has some clear losers: the low cost ones. Photo | Juanedc In Xataka | Fear of gasoline at 2 euros per liter: the sector is already preparing for the worst after the start of the war in Iran

MásOrange has begun to completely dismantle its 3G network. Not good news for elevators

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If you are one of those who usually browse even on a 3G connection, we have a curious fact: you are from the club of 1.82% of global traffic. The operators carry years saying goodbye to this networkand MásOrange has been the last to take the step. The operator is going to say goodbye to its 3G network for good reason. Hello to 5G. MasOrange has been the last of the large operators to start with the shutdown of 3G. Vodafone finished turning off its networks two years ago, and Telefónica is about to finish the process. With the release of the spectrum used by 2G and 3G connectivity, operators have additional bands to reinforce 5G technology. Specifically, the 900 and 2,100 MHz bands allow expanding coverage in areas with lower population density without the need to build new towers. A progressive plan. Although 2G and 3G connections sound completely obsolete, they are still necessary to connect a good number of day-to-day technologies. Elevators Cars with eCall system with 2G modules Telecare services security cameras Home alarms Old dataphones For this reason, the plan to dismantle the Spanish 3G network is being carried out progressively, giving time for a good part of these devices to update their connection modules. Although 3G was scheduled to say goodbye forever between 2025 and 2026, current plans keep it alive until 2030. A great challenge ahead. The 3G network continues to be a great ally, both for older devices and for times when 5G coverage does not have range. The challenge now is, precisely, that the deployment of 5G is even greater. For three decades, 3G invaded every corner of Spain, and some of the networks it uses (900 MHz) are especially good at passing through walls and operating in rural areas. Therefore, in complicated areas your mobile still connects to 3G. The end. Maintaining 2G and 3G networks is unsustainable. The radio space they occupy is especially valuable and, although there are devices that still use old technology, their dismantling is necessary. Cover image | Baatcheet Films In Xataka | How to request an eSIM from each operator in Spain: in which cases it is free and application methods

The search for the greatest threat to the US has begun

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In 1999, during the Kosovo wara single American stealth bomber was able to traverse one of the most defended airspaces in Europe and attack strategic targets without being detected until after impact. Since then, every time one of these devices takes off for a real mission, experts assume that the target is not so much on the surface, but hidden where almost nothing else can reach it. A conflict over missiles. The war between United States, Israel and Iran has entered a phase in which the prominence is not given to fighters or frigates, but to long-range projectiles. Tehran has one of the largest ballistic arsenals from the Middle East, with thousands of missiles capable of reaching Israel and a good part of the Gulf, in addition to drones and cruise missiles that complement its offensive capacity. Although it lacks modern aviation and its air defenses have been weakened, its missile muscle It compensates for these shortcomings and has become the axis of its response strategy. This dynamic fits into what many analysts describe as a “war of salvos”where the objective is not to conquer territory, but to neutralize the volume of fire of the adversary before it manages to overwhelm one’s own defenses. The underground cities. To protect that arsenal, Iran has for years built underground complexes excavated in mountains at great depth, authentic missile cities capable of storing, protecting and in some cases launching projectiles directly from the inside. These facilities, scattered throughout the country and even located hundreds of meters underground, house models such as the Shahab-3he Sejil or the Khorramshahrwith ranges of up to 2,000 kilometers. Their compartmentalized tunnelsreinforced entrances and hidden launch systems are designed to resist conventional bombing and preserve firing capability even under attack. That is, as long as these bases remain operational, Iran retains the possibility of maintaining the exchange of salvos and maintaining pressure on Israel and US bases in the region. The arrival of the B-2s. The entry into combat of stealth bombers B-2 Spirit changes the nature of the air campaign. These platforms, capable of flying from the US mainland and penetrating contested airspace thanks to their low detectability, are designed to attack targets that no other aircraft can destroy with the same probability of success. Its ability to transport multiple penetration bombsincluding specialized ammunition against bunkers, makes them ideal tools for hitting buried infrastructure. Therefore, the arrival of the B-2s can only mean that the systematic search for Tehran’s greatest threat, those cities underground filled with missiles. It is not about punishing visible targets, but about disabling the core that sustains Iran’s missile capacity. Seal instead of raze. They counted the TWZ analysts that completely destroying these enclaves would be extremely complex for Washington due to their compartmentalized design, but there is another way: seal their access and neutralize their launching points. Collapsing entrances, disabling openings in the ceiling where missiles are fired, or destroying internal ramps can turn these bases into useless traps. From the air, this requires precision, detailed intelligence, and munitions capable of penetrating rock and concrete before detonating. That is where the figure of the B-2 appears, which with its combination of stealth and massive load of guided and penetrating bombs aims to be the appropriate instrument for the task. Between intelligence and resistance. If you will also, the success of this phase will possibly depend less on the volume of bombs dropped and more on the quality of the information. Accurately locating entrances, galleries and drop zones requires real-time intelligence and constant surveillance to prevent Iranian forces from reopening damaged access points. While some facilities already show signs of collapse in satellite images, Tehran’s ability to keep firing indicates that part of its underground network remains intact. The war has moved underground: the outcome will depend on whether stealth bombers manage to turn those missile cities into sealed caverns or whether Iran manages to keep the heart of its arsenal open long enough to sustain the all-out war. Image | Kate T., Planet Lab In Xataka | The US and Israel are attacking Iranian military sites. Iran is attacking something more delicate: the international image of the UAE In Xataka | 80 million barrels of crude oil paralyzed in the sea: this is the Hormuz “swarm” that threatens to break the $100 barrier

has already begun to show signs of reactivation

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In 1982, the Chichón volcano, popularly known as ‘El Chichonal’, starred in one of the most violent eruptive episodes in modern history of Mexico, even altering the global climate. Four decades later, the sleeping giant of Chiapas draws the attention of science again and not because it has begun to release lava down its slopes, but rather something more subtle and geochemical. New signs. Recent data presented by the UNAM Institute of Geophysics It is showing quite notable physical-chemical variations, from temperatures that exceed the boiling point at the bottom to the appearance of sulfur spheres. And this is something that is causing geologists to call for more surveillance and exhaustive control of people who approach the crater. From algae to sulfates. For years, Chichón Crater Lake has been a visually striking tourist attraction, often characterized by shades of green due to the presence of algae. However, Patricia Jácome Paz, researcher at the UNAM IGf, has revealed at the Volcanology Seminar that the lake’s ecosystem has been transformed. Monitoring has detected a fairly aggressive transition: algae have given way to sulfates and silica. And this is something that informs us about what is happening at the bottom of the volcano, highlighting above all the great gas activity that is evidenced by the appearance of sulfur spheres. Other factors. Beyond sulfates, extreme temperatures are also making an appearance at the bottom of the lake where up to 118 °C have been recorded. Additionally, there is an increase in chloride concentration, suggesting greater interaction between magmatic gases and groundwater. The invisible danger. Beyond water chemistry, the biggest current risk to visitors and locals is not an imminent explosion, but what is not seen. Primary sources from the UNAM and Civil Protection reports warn about the emission of toxic gases that can end up in the airways. The 2025 analysis highlights in this case the presence of a large amount of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide. Their big problem is that, having a density greater than that of air, they tend to accumulate in the lower areas of the crater, creating deadly “traps” for those who descend without protective equipment. Inhaling it can cause dizziness or serious respiratory damage and that is why access to the crater is restricted. Eruption imminent? Without a doubt the million dollar question, and the short answer is no. In these cases it is necessary to differentiate between magmatic activity and hydrothermal activity, that is, water heated by the residual heat of the volcano. In this volcano, at the moment no deformation of the terrain has been detected that indicates that the dreaded lava is emerging, but a very active hydrothermal system has been seen that can generate phreatic events. These are nothing more than minor explosions caused by water vapor pressure, not lava, but they are still very dangerous in the immediate radius of the crater. Listening to the volcano. So that these changes do not take anyone by surprise, science has deployed a reinforced monitoring protocol which includes additional stations installed from June 2025 to detect the increase in local seismicity. In addition, it is decided to make a millimeter measurement of the terrain to rule out swelling and have constant water sampling. A great impact. And the truth is that all these measures are not nonsense, since they would affect a 30 km radius where approximately 100,000 people live. But the most important thing is undoubtedly the newspaper library, keeping in mind the year 1982, which determines that the population is already trained with the steps to follow in the event that this situation arises. In Xataka | The Virgin appeared inside a volcano in La Garrotxa. So they built one of the most special hermitages in the world

YouTube has begun to fill with AI-generated content. Spain appears in an unexpected position

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Something has noticeably changed in the YouTube experience. A recent analysis points to a notable change in the type of videos that make their way into the feed, with a high presence of content generated with artificial intelligence and with Spain standing out within that context. We are not talking about a passing fad or experimental creativity, but rather a pattern that responds to how attention is rewarded today. To understand what we are talking about, it is worth clarifying the terms that are repeated in the studies. “AI slop“is used to describe automatically generated videos, with very low standards and designed to be mass produced, prioritizing quantity over content.”brainrot” expands that idea and encompasses pieces that, with or without artificial intelligence, seek to retain the viewer based on repetitive stimuli and without a clear narrative. They are disputed labels, but useful to describe a type of content designed above all to capture attention. How the phenomenon has been measured. To put figures to this trend, Kapwing reviewed the 100 YouTube channels considered “trend” in each country through Playboard and isolated those he identified as AI slop. From there, he collected public data on views, subscribers, and estimated revenue with Social Blade and added them by country. Additionally, the team created a new YouTube account and reviewed the first 500 Shorts in the feed to see what a user with no previous history finds. What exactly does the data say about Spain. When breaking down the results by country, Spain stands out for a very specific reason. Channels of this type that fall into the “trend” category accumulate more than 20 million subscribers, more than any other country analyzed. However, the number of channels is small. The study itself indicates that this combination reveals a strong concentration of audience in few profiles, a key factor to understand why Spain appears so high in the ranking. The comparative analysis shows that there is no single global pattern. There are countries that stand out for the number of channels identified, others for the total number of views and others for the loyalty of their audiences. South Korea, for example, has a much higher number of views than the rest, while the United States is among the first in terms of aggregate volume of followers. This diversity reinforces a central idea of ​​the report: the impact of this type of content depends both on the local ecosystem and how algorithms respond in each market. Patterns that repeat in the videos. When reviewing this content, very recognizable formulas appear: animals with human features and cartoon aesthetics, with an almost photographic finish, placed in “story” mini-scenes that can be understood in seconds. Examples usually include baby monkeys that star in emotional or exaggerated situations, animals that “save” people in impossible accidents, or everyday scenes turned into fables, such as a cat shopping in a market. The Guardian highlights that many pieces dispense with a clear narrative and work by immediate impact, repetition and familiarity, three ingredients that fit well with the logic of the feed. Why this model is attractive. According to The Guardianmany creators approach this type of content not out of creative affinity, but out of pure profitability. Automated tools reduce costs and allow you to test ideas almost unlimitedly, while monetization programs promise income that is difficult to match in other local jobs. The result is a constant trial logic, where what works is replicated and what doesn’t is discarded, in an environment in which the algorithm decides more than the author. Regardless of who produces these videos, the impact is clearly perceived from the other side of the screen. Kapwing created a new account and counted the first 500 Shorts in the feed: 104 were AI-generated content, 21%, and 165 fit into “brainrot”, 33%. The Guardian summarizes that finding as “more than 20%” of AI slop in a new user experience. The data does not allow us to describe all of YouTube, but it does suggest that this material is part of the initial menu offered by the algorithm. The official response and its limits. YouTube maintained in statements to the aforementioned newspaper that videos generated with AI must meet the same standards as any other content and that it acts when its policies are violated. However, the platform does not offer public figures that allow us to know how many views correspond to this type of materials or how they influence the total. This opacity forces us to rely on external studies and leaves open the question of whether the algorithm prioritizes these videos or simply reflects their proliferation. Images | Ganes AI official 5286 | Lily Video AI | Dipto Fun Tv | Sparks Adventures (YouTube) | Kapwing In Xataka | We believed that Stack Overflow was essential for programming. AI is proving the opposite

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