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The bottle has been reigning for years as the great wine format. Now competitors have come out: the tap and cardboard

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When you step on a restaurant there are certain images you assume as normal. “Normal” is for example that if you ask for a cane the waiter goes to the tap in the bar and throws it with greater or lesser art. And “normal” is that if you want is a wine (Let’s put a river) That same waiter takes out a bottle and serves 150 ml in a glass. However in a time when the cane It is falling cape Things also change in viticulture. Although the bottle remains the queen is increasingly “normal” that this wine is served with a tap, cardboard or kite. And it makes sense. Of bottles and boxes. That we carry years decades associating good wine and category restaurants to good bottles does not mean that the bottle, as such, is the only way to keep it. Not even serving the client. Hoteliers have other options, such as Bag-in-Box either Keykegsthat basically rethink the way of packing and handling the broths. Instead of doing it in the lifelong bottles that close with a cork use cardboard boxes provided with a valve and with a polyethylene bag inside. Or a system of metal bariletes and taps similar to the one used for decades to serve beer reeds. Click on the image to go to Tweet. Image question. The system is not new. As explained already in 2016 Fernando Marinas, from Finca La Estacada, The Grific Wine (Wine on Tap) exists for a long time and stainless steel barrels and Disposable PET type Nor are they a novelty for companies in the sector. In the US, its use can be in fact traced to the 80s. The novelty is how they are expanding through the bars and shops in Spain and (the really curious) how that formula tries to shake the stigma that often associates cardboard packaging to poor quality wine. A tap wine, please! Although the bottle is still the undisputed queen of the sector and it will be difficult for the cards to replace them in homes, in the hospitality it is increasingly easy to meet tap wine. In a context marked by A remarkable increase In bulk wine imports, hoteliers have decided to give a chance to the Bag-in-Box and the taps. It can be checked with a rapid review of the Spanish press, but also the foreigner. In recent years, coinciding with his popularity during confinement have dedicated articles The Guardian either The Telegraph. Recently The country published Also a report in which he cited as a half example dozen premises spread over Spain in which they serve as if they were beer. And the list is only that: a small sample. There are companies Betting on bottling in keg And bars that when they are asked for a wine already give the option to serve it in different formats (glass, half jug or jug) directly from the tap. “A new language in the world of wine”, summed up a year ago Iago Pazos, of Abastos 2.0, in The voice of Galicia. “It doesn’t mean they are worth less”. The pending tap wine does not have so much to do with the product itself, logistics, transport or distribution to hoteliers as with their image. To expand, the wine packaged in Bag-in-Box and served just like the reeds must shake the prejudices that for years associate the format to the low quality broths. “They are careful wines. That they are in a box does not mean that they are worth less. On the contrary: they reach places where they were not before,” claims in The country Maite Sánchez, from the Arrayán winery. So that this idea can producers have a complex and nothing simple task: break with decades of hegemony of the bottle and its success among the clientele. He recognizes it The Galician host Juan Fernández, owner of a place with 10 taps. “We take the wines already served, in a glass or jar and there are people who look at it suspicion. Then they try it, they find that the wine is the same or better than the bottling and they already accept it. We have a work of promotion and didactics.” But … why? The million dollar question. One thing is that the wine can be transported in cardboard and served with taps, just like beer; But … Why resort to that format if the bars lead a lifetime working with bottles? For format promoters the answer is easy: the plus they provide. “Everything is advantages”, Fernández emphasizes About his wine. “It has no contact with oxygen or light and therefore the wine does not evolve and retains all its properties. And there are no risks, such as damaging the cork.” Marine too stands out Format strengths, both for warehouses, which save the expenses of the bottling, and for hoteliers or consumers, who end up being favored by that same cut. “Stainless steel does not generate product flavor migration such as other materials, which ensures that the product will maintain its organoleptic properties throughout the distribution chain,” duck. In the case of Keykeg Marinas points the same qualities, although “unlike the steel barrel does not last so much in stock.” The footprint outside the wineries and bars. In his analysis he also recalls the “ecological savings” that allows the format. “Each 20 -liter barrel equals 26.6 bottles, corks and less labels,” List Before listing other “practical advantages”, such as ease when inventoring and transporting barrels, the speed of the service or the generation of less waste in the premises itself. Of course, it clarifies that not all wines are equally suitable for the format. The most appropriate in their opinion are young people with a few months in barrel. There are producers who They claim In addition, the wine carbon footprint in bags and cardboard format is (much) less than the traditional packaging, with its bottle and cork. How much? According to Oliver Leaby The Bib Wine Company, about … Read more

Ten years later, Xiaomi has recovered the smartphone crown in China. And he has done it more huawei than ever

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Ten years later, Xiaomi has recovered a crown that had been taken away: that of his native country. The company has just exceeded Huawei and is, at least in this first quarter of 2025, The first mobile brand in China. The key to get it, curiously, is increasingly Huawei. An overwhelming annual growth. Regarding the same quarter of 2023, Xiaomi has grown no less than 40%. Huawei does it in 12%, and I live in 2%. In total, the company sent 13.3 million phones in its native country, very close to 13 million Huawei. These figures make Xiaomi recover a first position he did not enjoy for a decade. Its scenario is favorable: Chinese brands They are the only ones that grow in their native country, and if this Xiaomi trend will be easy to strengthen its position. The reasons for success. According to Canals, the growth of Xiaomi is helped by national subsidy policies and a rebound of the Chinese consumer consuming even more national company in full tariff war. Beyond the support of your country, analyzing Xiaomi’s strategy helps to understand its success. A quite similar to that of the rival that follows more closely: Huawei. Xiaomi has a price of price very consistent in China through the different distributors, and a product diversification that drives you to continue growing as a brand. Its product portfolio has long stopped focusing only on the mobile: they are introduced into the electric carthe Aiot world, and especially in China they have a very interconnected portfolio with Hyperos. Xiaomi is stop selling only product: Sell ​​ecosystem. Boom (for a long time) of national brands, solid product strategy, Pricing aggressive and a strong ecosystem. It is no accident: the two brands that grow the most in China and lead this market bet on these pillars. The importance of AI. Deepseek is having a fundamental role in Chinese mobile sales. While in Europe we bet on Gemini and Chatgpt on Android, in China the integration with Depseek is quite deep. From Canalys they point out that the arrival of this model of AI is reviving the interest of consumers, and that mobile phones already represent 22% of shipments in continental China. In the case of Xiaomi, Depseek is integrated into Hyperos to enhance its Super Xiaoai assistant, integrating the functions of deep thinking (R1) within the operating system itself. The current Chinese podium. After Xiaomi’s victory, photography in China is the following, at least in the first quarter of the year. Xiaomi, 19% market share Huawei, 18% market share Oppo, 15% market share LIVE, 10.4 MARKET FEE Apple, 9.2% market share In full tariff war, Apple will have it difficult to grow in China. In fact, in this first period of the year, its fall is 8%. On the side of Chinese brands, Oppo is the only one that does not grow. Xiaomi, Huawei and Vivo start the year in positive. An independent market. The presence of Chinese mobiles in Europe is remarkable. So much that Xiaomi, Vivo and Oppo occupy the third, fourth and fifth position of the podium in the first quarter of 2025, Behind Samsung and Apple. But the Chinese market is different. It’s a Market with special weight of national technology, and a hyperdigitized retail channel that allows it to be even more competitive in price. The context of tariff crisis will only push national brands, throwing the doubt what will happen with Apple that has been losing ground in China for years. Image | Xataka In Xataka | The new Chinese tariffs are a mosquadilla for Apple. It is just what Huawei needed to dominate Asia

How to continue using Windows 10 for 7 years after the end of support with this Microsoft version with IoT Enterprise LTSC

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Let’s explain How can you keep using Windows 10 For another additional 7 years. He Windows 10 support end It culminates in October of this 2025, which means that it will cease to have maintenance with security updates and will become very dangerous to use it. Many cybercriminals may have detected vulnerabilities and are waiting to exploit them until Microsoft abandons it, so that there is no solution. When the end of support comes, the operating system dies. However, There is a very little known version of Windows 10 call IoT Enterprise LTSCthat it will have a more widespread support, although it is not for everyone. However, we are going to talk about her to know this option a little more. What is Windows 10 IoT Enterprise LTSC Windows 10 has two versions aimed at all users, which are the Home and the Pro. However, there are Other versions aimed at specific sectorssuch as Enterprise for companies and LTSC channels (Long-Term Servicing Channel), aimed at critical environments that need an increased support. Long-Term Servicing Channel means long-term service channel. And this is the context of Windows 10 IoT Enterprise LTSC. It’s about A version designed for systems such as ATMspoint of sale or medical devices. As the name implies, it is aimed at IoT companies, the Internet of Things. One may think that this is a version of Windows far removed from the conventional for users, although It looks like any other of Windows 10. It has specific characteristics, that is true, but these seem even positive for users. Microsoft does not actively promote this version In front of the general public, since its model is designed and oriented to large companies and hardware manufacturers. This means that no licenses are directly sold by Microsoft, although we will tell you how to get them. Windows 10 IoT Enterprise LTSC features Then we leave you The main differentiating characteristics of Windows 10 IoT Enterprise LTSC, those that make this version very different from the “normal” of Windows 10. Support until 2032: Windows 10 Home and Pro will die and run out of support in 2025, and some business versions will expand it in exchange for paying. However, the security updates of this version will remain until January 13, 2032. Optimized performance: This version has no pre -installed applications or additional components of Microsoft. You do not have the Microsoft Store, neither One Drive nor Cortana, nor widgets or other programs. It is like a much cleaner version designed to consume less RAM and less resources, so it works faster and in older computers. Greater stability: This version of Windows 10 does not receive updates with new functions, but simply security patches and critical corrections. This is so to minimize the risk of errors, so they are much more stable versions. Less requirements: As we have said, this Windows is designed for smaller and less powerful devices, so almost any device will be able to install it, and do not need additional or specific hardware as it happens with Windows 11. You don’t need Microsoft account: One of the characteristics of modern Windows versions is that you need to log in with your Microsoft account when installing the operating system. However, this version allows you to operate with a local account, and you don’t even need to connect to the Internet to use it. Get Windows 1o IoT LTSC As we have told you a little higher, Microsoft does not publicly sell licenses of Windows 1o Iot LTSC, since it is a version aimed at companies. This means that you will not be able to buy them directly from Microsoft anywhere. However, There may be legitimate resellers offered by keys in a valid way, and in many cases for domestic use. Here, you will need to be patient and search in stores where Windows activation codes are revealed to search for this specifically. There are other more risky methods, such as using activation applications or cracks such as Massgravewhich allow the activation of Windows LTSC versions for free. However, these methods infringing the terms of the licenses and may leave your computer out of service, so it is not recommended to install it. To install this Windowsyou can download a free evaluation ISO from the Microsoft Evaluation Centerwhich will allow you to use it for 90 days. Once this time has passed, you will need an activation key. In Xataka Basics | The best free applications and tools to clean Windows 10 without format

This map shows how the land will be within 250 million years. If fulfilled, Spain will be very lucky

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About 200 million years ago, the last supercontinent began to fragment. THE PANGEA DIVISION He gave way, very little by little, to the current geological composition. But that which separated will join again. The continents continue to movecolliding with each other, and a theory points out that it will be in 250 million years when another supercontinent arises. We have baptized it as PANGEA Ultimaand the truth is that it will give exactly the same what countries we have as neighbors. PANGEA Ultima. Plate tectonics It is curious because they continue to move under each other, and that is what has led to the theory of Continental derives. These movements are studied to understand the past, as well as to decipher the future, and one of those scholars is Christopher Scotese. This American geographer is the creator of the Paleomap Projectwhich seeks to show not only how the elements have moved these last 1,000 million years, but the prediction of that supercontinent future. And Scote elaborated This map: Who is the one who has inspired The one that opens this article: Curious neighbors. According to this, within 50 million years North America would have turned so much that Alaska would be in a subtropical latitude and Eurasia would also turn, but in the opposite direction, making Great Britain be closer to the North Pole. Africa will get closer to Europe and Arabia, disappearing both the Red and Mediterranean Sea and, within 100 million years, the Atlantic will start diminishing. It will be 150 million years when the Atlantic disappears as a result of being sucked by the American continent, bringing much more America and that block composed of Eurasia and Africa. And the culmination will occur within 200 million years how much that new supercontinent is formed, with the Indian as central sea and a curious neighborhood mixture. According to this model, Latin America would be more or less the same, but with African neighbors in the east. Cuba would be stuck to the United States, Greenland would be next to Canada (bad luck, Trump) and Spain would continue to bordered France and Portugal, but also with Italy, Morocco, Tunisia and Algeria. England would also have stuck to France and Korea would be in a curious sandwich between Japan and China. It will give exactly the same. But the truth is that it doesn’t matter what your new neighbors seem, not because, obviously, you will not be there to suffer them, but because it is possible that humanity has become extinguished by then. Not because we sometimes strive in it, but because conditions will not be the most suitable for the life of mammals. In a study Published in Nature, the researchers predicted that 92% of the land would be Inhabitable for mammals. The reason is that, in a simulation of the climate of this new supercontinent, it is estimated that the temperatures of much of Pangea Ultima will be more than 40ºC, but also the amounts of CO₂ will make the life of the mammals … complicated. Due to the number of shocks between plaques, there will be a great volcanic activity that will increase the CO₂ EMISSIONS TO THE ATMOSPHERA, heating not only the planet, but promoting that the levels of that co₂ bend to the current ones. In addition, the Sun will be 2.5% luminous at that time because its nuclear fusion rhythm will have increased and is something that will contribute to the planet, in addition, to be drier. Spain or so bad. It is not a panorama too encouraging, the truth, since plant life will also experience a massive extinction, but researchers point out that conditions may not be so bad in all parts of the New World. Thus, those closest to the upper part of the North Pole, could have cooler conditions that will facilitate a better adaptation to life. And Spain, Portugal, Morocco or England are in that stage. There is also the possibility that we become specialists in desert environments, becoming night animals in something similar to what is seen in ‘Dune‘. Alexander Farnsworth, one of the researchers who have simulated the climatic conditions of that future, also analyzed From the most serious point of view how life makes its way in Arrakis’s climate and points to that parallelism with the land within 250 million years. One more. Is it this how the land of within 250 million years will be seen? Namely, but there are several hypotheses formulated these last decades that, in one way or another, point to the existence of that supercontinent. One is Novopangeawhere the Pacific will close. Another is Auricawith the closure of both Atlantic and the Pacific. And another model is Amasiawith the union between Asia and America. And the model does not care, they are still similar to the Last Pangea And, after that new supercontinent, the estimate is that the Atlantic will open again, separating the countries and starting a new cycle of rupture. What will happen to life? Well, it will make its way, as the great Jeff Goldblum already said in ‘Jurassic Park‘, because mass extinctions … There have been several. Image | Caffete In Xataka | The land has moons that we do not know: exploring them is key to revealing the secrets of our solar system

The north of Spain has been complaining about mass tourism for years. Asturias has discovered the bitter consequences of losing it

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The formula of nature, calm and good kitchen that for years promoted Rural tourism In Asturias It seems to lose bellows. AND clearly. Although the photo of recent years is distorted by COVID, the housing of the principality specialized in this type of tourism have seen how His activity descended until they were driving before the pandemic. At least according to INE data. It is not so much a “puncture” in the flow of travelers and in that of the rooms (They last less) and the loss of interest in the national market. The phenomenon is interesting because it coincides with another or even more media: complaints in a large part of the peninsular northern ( Galicia to Cantabria or in your own Asturias) For precisely the opposite, the effects of tourist massification. While in Cantabria they cry for not being “The North Ibiza” And Galicia complains about The “fodechinchos”inside and the Asturian mountain the hoteliers cry out for measures that avoid the slow decline of rural tourism. An icon in low hours. A quick search arrives on Google to verify that rural tourism does not go through its best moment in Asturias. TO The news of the Regional Press about The fall of activity those in the sector claiming are added “Specific aids” and those of the Principality trying to reassure him. In fact, in January Adrián Barbón He promised to “rethink” rural tourism of the region “to recover thrust.” Shortly after its executive announced a Bond program With discounts designed to encourage demand. That the situation of the sector arouses so much interest in the Principality is more than understandable. In the mid -80s, and thanks largely to your campaign “Asturias Paraíso Natural”the community managed to make a place in a sector in which until then the tourism of Sun and beach prevailed. Today Asturias adds hundreds of establishments with thousands of places (in August the INE computed almost 1,400 and 14,800respectively) and stands out for its volume of rural houses per capita. What do the data say? That the sector has known better times. The INE shows that last year the Rural Accommodations of Asturias received some 304,000 travelers who paid for 924,400 overnight stays. The first data is not exactly bad. It is a slight increase of 1.7% compared to 2023 and is online of 2019. The second worries. In a Growth scenario The number of hired nights fell 3.2% year -on -year and remains away from the almost 975,000 overnight stays that the sector managed in 2019. The 2025 start has not been especially good. During the first quarter the volume of travelers and overnight stays fell with respect to last year, although the data should be handled cautiously. First because in 2024 Holy Week, a period of strong tourist demand, fell in March and this year did so in April. Second because There may be variations important from one month to another. In fact the Principality He has checked already for the growth of February. “Very black winter”. The truth is that the sector is far from satisfied. Recently the president of the EO-Porcia association implied in An interview with eldiario.es that the balance has been of everything but good in recent months. “50% of the peoples that are still inhabited today are for rural tourism. Fixed population and allows you I recognized. In its own accommodations, three apartments and a house, it did not register any reserve between the Bridge of the Constitution and last Holy Week. Looking for the causes. The big question is … What are you due to these data from the sector, especially overnight stays? Why if in August 2001 the average stay In rural accommodations, was 6.13 days passed to 4.76 in 2019 and 4.24 last year? For Ana Llanoof the Fuentes del Narcea Association, one of the keys is the change in demand. Tourists are looking for different things today during their vacations. Or rather, it does so at a different rhythm and way. “Before people came to spend the summer, to spend a few days in nature, to enjoy the house themselves. Now people want regrets In eldiario.es. His comment is in tune with the data on the duration of the rooms and another key indicator: the overnight stays fall in the rural one, but grow in the set of Asturias. “They end rural tourism”. To that challenge others are added: the de -stationalization, the need to enrich the offer with packages or the competition of other types of accommodation, such as Tourist housing (VUT) or the “illegal establishments” that (precisely by acting outside the administration) also blur the balance of the sector. There are those who speak of tens only between Vegadeo and Navia and who focuses the focus on the VUT. “They are ending rural tourism,” they said recently From the sector to The voice. Foreign lifeguard. The general photo leaves another interesting nuance. Asturian rural accommodations may be invoiced today less overnight than before pandemic, but that fall is mainly due to domestic demand. The nights hired by Spaniards fall, but those reserved by tourists from outside the country have grown considerably. With that backdrop last autumn the Principality launched A campaign aimed above all to the Asturian themselves. His slogan: “Are you sure you know Asturias?” When tourism does not arrive. The case of Asturias is interesting for something else. Between record tourism data and with the open debate on the effect of the sector on the real estate market, over the last years in much of Spain they have happened The protests against tourist. Especially in points such as the Canary Islands or Balearic Islands, but also in areas of the North, including Galicia or Cantabria, where the saturation of certain points has become a matter of debate. The Asturian rural and interior situation leaves a key question: what happens when tourism stops arriving or comes less? What if the Fodechinchos Do they stop traveling or areas that have developed … Read more

Starlink has been growing without competition for six years. Now an ambitious competitor has started throwing satellites: Amazon

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In the early hours First 27 operational satellites of the Kuiper constellation of Amazon. Starlink is at last company. An ambitious competitor. Project Kuiper was born in 2018, a year before Spacex launched the first 60 satellites of its Starlink constellation, which offers broadband satellite Internet. However, waiting for the vulcan rockets of ULA and New Glenn de Blue Origin to be available, Amazon only He had launched two test satellites… until now. The technological giant has finally began to deploy its initial constellation of 3,232 satellites in the low terrestrial orbit (between 590 and 630 km of altitude) to offer low latency connections in places where terrestrial networks do not arrive or are insufficient. When available, The service will have plans of 100 Mbps, 400 Mbps and up to 1 GBPS speed. Curves come. Although this launch marks Kuiper’s operational start, Amazon is still exposed to several challenges. The main is the time: the project has been delayed about its calendar and its FCC license for approximately one year have half of the constellation (1,618 satellites) In orbit for July 2026, a date that seems difficult to meet without an extension, since the company does not manufacture its own rockets like Spacex. Kuiper’s rockets. While Blue Origin is a company by Jeff Bezos and there is, say, certain synergies between both companies (in addition to a well -known enmity with Elon Musk), His New Glenn orbital rocket has only flown onceand has not yet managed to demonstrate its ability to land. Reuse has been fundamental in Starlink’s success: the Falcon 9 rocket, which Spacex partially recovers, has launched more than 8,000 Starlink satellites in six years. Amazon’s constellation depends to such a third party that Amazon made the “major Commercial acquisition of launch vehicles of the story “in 2022. Only with ULA has contracts to launch another seven atlas and up to 38 Vulcan. It has also reached agreements with Arianegroup to use the European rocket Ariane 6 and, of course, with Blue Origin to use the New Glenn; the only one with the capacity to land of the four pitchers. China and Europe go to their roll. Despite the difficulties, Kuiper is the first Starlink competitor who has a financial muscle at Spacex, provided that Amazon is willing to play in the long term. In Europe we have an already quite advanced commercial constellation, but that plays in another league. Oneweb of Eutelsat operates a constellation of about 630 Leo satellites, but its approach is mainly B2B and government, and its satellite density is much less than that of Starlink. China also goes to its roll, but it is deploying megaconstellations that could harm Starlink and Amazon. Spacesail already has satellites in orbit and plans to display 648 by 2025, with the aim of growing up to 15,000 satellites by 2030, with which could offer services up to 30% cheaper than Starlink in markets like Brazil. To this price war are added to others Chinese projects like Honguhu 3 either Guowangadding tens of thousands of satellites who will begin to cross the night sky without stopping. Image | ULA, Amazon In Xataka | Spacex has launched 8,000 Starlink satellites in five years, but they are not enough. And we are beginning to understand why

We have been looking for the definitive cure of allergies for years and we have not yet solved the big problem: understand them

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The end of the rains and the arrival of good weather have, for many, a dark back: The allergies. Spring, and especially the months of May and June, brings us the pollen proliferationone of the most important allergens, the main cause of sneezing at this time of year. The most common way of treating this type of allergies is through antihistaminesdrugs aimed at blocking the effects of histaminea neurotransmitter that also plays an important role in immune system. Recall that allergies are nothing other than a reaction of our immune system to external substances that understands as dangerous and that are not really, allergens. Antihistamines are very useful when treating allergic symptoms. But one thing is that, and another thing is to definitively cure these disorders. Today we do not have A cure for allergiesbut at least there are some routes open to hope. So close we are to achieve it. Perhaps one of the first treatments that come to mind when talking about healing the allergy are vaccines. What we understand today as vaccines against allergy are immunotherapy -based injections, and its logic is not far from conventional vaccines: it is about administering a small amount of what causes us allergy capable of alerting the immune system without unleashing an allergic reaction. While they are a useful treatment in many cases, they do not finish solving the problem, so we will need periodic injections that will improve the response capacity of our immune system. What ways are there open? Almost ten years ago, We commented on some of the open research lines in the search for a cure for allergies. These ways included, for example, the “biological therapies.” These are therapies that focus on antibodiesthe proteins that our body produces when it detects substances that it understands as harmful. This type of treatments They are still One of our great hopes. An example of this is omalizumab, a drug in principle aimed at combating asthma and approved two decades ago in the United States. In recent years, science has been validating this therapeutua option. A recent example is in A study Posted in 2022 in the magazine Clinical and Translational Allergy. In this analysis, the team observed that the drug was effective when preventing spring allergic rhinitis. Understand the problem To understand how our knowledge has evolved in recent years, we must first understand why it is so difficult to find a definitive cure. The background problem is simple: We do not understand the allergies well enough to find a solution. We still do not understand why certain people suffer from a certain allergy while others suffer from another type of reaction, at the same time that others do not seem to have such problems. We don’t know either Why allergies are permanent despite the fact that the antibody that we generally associate with them does not usually remain in our body for long periods of time. Two studies Published last year in the magazine Translational Medicine Science They can help us understand this situation a little better, explaining at least this last point. The answer could be in an antibody that we usually do not associate with allergies, immunoglobulin G (IgG), and the cells that produce it. What the teams responsible for these studies discovered is that some cells responsible for producing IgG produce immunoglobulin E, which is associated with allergies, when they run into an allergen. The key to allergic “memory” could therefore be in these cells. Before going better, everything seems to indicate that the allergies problem will go worse. And is that every time More people suffer This type of disorders. There are several factors that could be, independently or together, behind rapid ascent in the number of allergic people in the world. One of these hypotheses is that of hygiene. Since our immune system is “trains” through exposure to external agents, the absence of these agents in early stages can imply that our system does not perceive them as normal and, exposed in later stages, ends up reacting disproportionately. s From the environmental point of view, we must also consider the presence of pollutants in the atmospherelike particular matter. These pollutants can also affect our airways, combining their effect with that of conventional allergens and aggravating the situation. In Xataka | The time of the year in Japan has arrived where everyone has a mask. The fault is World War II Image | Cottonbro Studio

The “computer” of 2,000 years ago fascinates us for decades. A new study points out that it might have not served at all

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125 years ago, divers who were collecting sponges in the Aegean Sea, in front of the island of Anticitera, They gave with remains of an old shipwreck. Among jewels, coins and ceramic remains, there was something that caught the attention: a copper fragment of something that seemed to be a gear. It was a compendium of gears that seemed to be part of something much bigger and was baptized as’Anticitera mechanism‘. For decades it was an ignored curiosity in the archives of the National Archaeological Museum of Athens, until the researcher Derek de Solla He recovered it, studied and determined that it was an advanced Greek “computer” built at some point between 200 and 100 AC after many theories, a group of Argentine researchers have put the anti -life mechanism to see how the first computer in history behaves .. And the conclusion is that … it was nothing more than an ingenious toy. The main piece First computer For decades, this mechanism fascinated us due not only to its antiquity, but because ignorance about its function allowed the elaboration of all kinds of hypothesis. However, it was Solla who studied more in depth at the beginning, creating physical simulations about the complete state of the mechanism. Thus, and according to the researcher, the anticitera mechanism was a piece corresponding to a more complex object, composed of at least thirty bronze gears placed strategically in a wooden box with approximate dimensions of 340 x 180 x 90 millimeters. It was activated by a crank that allowed to move the gears and perform its function. Which? Well … predict astronomical positions. According to Derek’s studies, the anticitera mechanism was a planetary computer, a very cool name to describe a “computer” that allowed predicting astronomical positions, lunar phases, eclipses and, therefore, calculating cycles of the 354 -day lunar calendar or dates for sports games, among others The pieces found Through different discs, it showed the astronomical data and, supposedly, was designed to reproduce the irregular movement of the moon in its rotation thanks to specialized gears that compensated the anomalies in its trajectory. And, after that first finding, we found more and more pieces of the mechanism, which has allowed us to get an idea of ​​how it was. It was evident that it was A very advanced machine for its timebut it is also clear that it had a number of limitations. The first: however advanced Greek astronomers were, the mechanism embodied knowledge to date, so comparing it with subsequent techniques and tools is meaningless. The position of some planets is very diverted with respect to modern measurements, for example. This is logical and It does not remove merit To the device, but there were two factors that limited their precision: the mechanics itself and the manufacture of the gears. Due to wear, copper teeth could be increasingly inaccurate and, in addition, as they were manufactured by hand and not in series in a assembly chain, any deviation in the gears would affect their accuracy in the calculations. And that is what previous studies reported, such as those of Mike Edmundsbeing one of the few who has been able to directly investigate the device and lead the equipment that is responsible for your analysis. For what supposedly served Another representation of the Anticitera mechanism Testing Now, some Argentine researchers from the National University of Mar de Plata, have simulated by computer the anti -litera mechanism and their conclusion is … that it was useless. Esteban Guillermo Szigeth and Gustavo Francisco Arenas are those researchers, and have shared their conclusions in Arxiv. For their simulation, they were based on previous studies that already took into account the influence of irregular triangular teeth and the consequences of physical inaccuracies in its construction. When performing it, they realized that the triangular teeth did not seem to have a negative impact on the functioning of the mechanism, but of traffic jams in the gears when turning the crank. That, they point out, would have made it very not very practical in scientific use, practically impracticable, reducing the mechanism to an “ingenious toy.” Now, they also claim that it is the result of a simulation about what they know about the device that It was found in 1900 And that it is possible that, taking into account the necessary skill for its construction, the irregular space between the gears could be a fruit of corrosion, and not something deliberate in its design. The researchers propose that the wheels, given the slightest mismatch, would be stuck as it is extremely pointed, when we wear out or not being well balanced by the manufacturing of the time The researchers propose a series of improvements for the gears that would avoid this defect found, but also comment that it must be “cautious to assume that the measurements perfectly reflect their original values” due to what is commented: someone took too many discomfort to build that and it is unlikely that there would be something so complex, but not functional. That is why they also point out that more must be investigatedeven developing more refined techniques, to better understand the real precision and functionality of an anti -litera mechanism that still has room to fascinate us. On the fact that it was found among the remains of a wreck, the answer is much simpler: surely It was part of the loot for some Roman emperor, probably Julio César. Therefore, the anticitera mechanism remains a source of speculation and fascination due to the tremendous merit of its construction more than 2,000 years ago, but study after study, the conclusion is that the easiest thing is that it served little. Even so, researchers point out that its construction was a technological milestone. And that is something that nobody has questioned. Images | GRB16, Zde, Tony Freeth, David Higgon, Aris Dacanalis, Lindsay Macdonald, Myrto Georgakopoulou, Adam Wojcik, Mike Peel, GTS-TG In Xataka | The myth of the creative genius or why most … Read more

For years, historians wondered if the fights between gladiators and lions were real. They already have the test

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One can go to posterity for many reasons. For writing a great novel, composing a symphony, being an influential politician, A pioneer or even commit some misdeed or error to forget. In the former Roman Britain, however, a young man lived, from no more than 35 yearswhich will be remembered for something very different: a bite. To be more precise the denttellada of a lion in the middle of the pelvis. It may seem an extravagant motive to move on to the annals, but that bite tells us a lot about the Roman shows. The reason? The man in question It was probably a gladiator And that old dentontellada constitutes “The first physical evidence” of the fighting between humans and beasts on the Roman sand. Historians already knew about them, but through tracks such as mosaics, ceramics or written documents. There wasn’t evidence. In a place in Britania … The origin of history (or at least that of The investigation who have just presented a group of experts from the Maynooth University and the King’s College London) is in a Roman cemetery of 1,800 years old Located in Driffield Terrace, on the outskirts of York. There, near the old EBORACUMon the main road between what is now York and London, a deposit with dozens of burials was discovered in 2004. Some very peculiar. In 70% of cases Experts appreciated that the bodies had been beheaded, a well -known practice in Britania and that it is usually considered a funeral ritual Post Mortenalthough it is also related to executions. In addition, except for a woman and some young people, the vast majority of those buried were corpulent men Between 18 and 45, men with different origins and with marks of brutal trauma cured before they die, which leads to think that they often participated in fighting. A very special bone. All those details and the similarities between York’s bones and those found in another former excavated cemetery years ago In Ephesushas led some experts to a fascinating conclusion: what they found in Driffield is neither more nor less than A burial with remains of gladiators. Among all his remains there was one, however, that caught the attention of the archaeologists: a pelvis, part of the skeleton of a man of between 26 and 35 years which was buried with two other people and covered with horse bones. What was special? A brand. Deep Sharp Enigmatic An incision that experts soon associated with the bite of an animal. What animal? And when did he bit him? Identified the dentellada was the task of finding out its origin. And to achieve this, archaeologists did the most logical: They contacted British Zoos And they were asked to be given samples of horse bones biting by cheese, tigers, leopards and lions and then compared the marks. When they finished they took a capital surprise. The puncture found in York’s pelvis coincided with everyone’s greatest feline. Thus, the other big question was pending: in what circumstances could a lion bite a fighter? How were both in the sand? The question is interesting because, to begin with, the big cats often kill their prey by biting them in the neck or head, like Remember The Guardian Tim Thompson, Professor of Anthropology at Maynooth. “The pelvis is unusual. That wound can be survived. It is not deadly. We believe that the individual had been incapacitated and that these marks are evidence that the animal dragged the body.” The bones thus counting a fascinating story. What if it is a Venatore? Few figures are more emblematic (and versioned) of Roman history than gladiators. However, not all fighters and specialists trained to entertain the people fighting with other men in melee fighting. There were aurigas, acrobats and Venators (either Bestiarii), people who fought on the sand with wild beasts. “The Roman amphitheats also organized ‘Beast Cacerías’ (Venation), who faced people against animals, a show that lasted from the republican period to late antiquity, “the researchers collect in The article in which they collect their findings, published in the magazine Plos One. Gladiator vs. great felines. During the shows the Venatore They were dedicated to hunting and measuring their forces before the public with tigers, leopards, bears, elephants, wild boars, deer, bulls … and also lions. Animals served for fighting and were also used for “spectacular mutilations” or executing criminals during bloody Damnatio Ad Beasts (“condemns beasts”). With all those data, the teacher Thomspon explains that he and his colleagues reached a fascinating conclusion about York’s nibble skeleton: “We believe that it is the remains of a gladiator who faced the feline in a combat sand as part of a Roman show.” Why is it important? Because as they underline so much The King´s College London and Maynooth UniversityYork’s bone is “the first physical evidence of a combat of gladiators between humans and animals in the Roman period.” Historians had seen images of fighters bitten by lions in mosaics and ceramics and knew about fighting with beasts thanks to written records, but the pelvis unearthed in ancient Britain has allowed them to go further and shed new light on the shows of Rome. “Although images of gladiators have appeared fighting lions in ancient mosaics and ceramics, this is the only convincing skeletal evidence of the Roman world of bite marks produced by the teeth of a great feline,” Celebrate John Pearcearcheology professor at King’s College. If York’s bone and the study he has inspired is relevant, insists The London institution is because it throws a “convincing skeletal evidence.” “The bite marks represent the first osteological confirmation of violent encounters between humans and great carnivores in a combat or training environment in the Roman world,” ditch The institution. From the clues to the tests. Archaeologists knew about the existence of shows with animals, but in a way until now they had clues, signs distributed by mosaics, ceramics and chronic. York has just yielded a test. And one that has been studied … Read more

In the last 20 years, colorectal cancer has doubled among young people and we didn’t know why. Now we have a track

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In the last 20 years, the incidence of colorectal cancer has doubled in young adults and that has fired all alarms. Above all, because while this type of tumor shoots, we have no idea why. Now, a study headed by Spanish researchers has found a suspect: it is called colibactin and a bacterial toxin produced by some strains of Escherichia coli. The colorectal epidemic. The term is “epidemic”, yes. As Manuel Anse explainedthe alarm jumped in the US in the late 2000s: while colorectal cancer decreased in people over 70, growth rates in children under 50 grew at a rate of 1.5%. In Europe, the data suggests that it has arrived to grow to the rhythm of 8% Between twenty -year -old. It was a huge public health problem. But, above all, it was a mystery. What could be behind all this? The first track. In 2020, a research team from the Netherlands discovered that certain strains of Escherichia coli They produced colibactin and that toxin could produce cancer mutations In the children’s DNA. It was an interesting, promising way; But there were too many conditional in the idea. Those conditionals are those who have tried to eliminate the investigation that It has just been published in Nature. What have they done? They have analyzed the DNA of almost a thousand tumors of this type of 11 different countries (and three continents). Not only that: they have examined varieties, typologies and demographic features. And what they have found is more than interesting. To begin with, there are two genetic brands related to the toxin in question that are 3.3 times more common in tumors of young people (compared to those of people over 70 years old). To continue, “they are especially prevalent in countries with a high incidence of colorectal cancer in young people.” What does this mean? “Mutational firms are a kind of historical record in the genome; they point out that exposure to colibactin in early stages of life promotes colorectal cancer of early appearance,” Ludmil Alexandrov explainedfrom the University of California in San Diego. Everything seems to indicate that the harmful effects of this toxin begin soon (in the first 10 years of life). That is, “if someone acquires one of these driving mutations at 10 years, decades could be advanced in the development of colorectal cancer and suffering from age 40 instead of 60, “explained Alexandrov. It is great news. No, it’s excellent news. Insufficient, preliminary and still precarious: but if we are clear, it is that to contain the epidemic we must understand where it comes from. And, for now, it seems that it comes from the modern world. “In the most industrialized countries there is an increase in cases of infection with this strain of Escherichia coliwhich leads us to think about changes in lifestyle “, Díaz Gay says in the country. How can we use it in our favor? We do not know, but we will discover it. Image | JC Gellidon | National Cancer Institute In Xataka | We have found a cure for more aggressive colon cancer: this is how the drug is referred to

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