Rome Archives - usatoday24

Countries are trying to prevent the accumulation of wealth of technological millionaires. Ancient Rome tried it too

February 14, 2026 by usatoday24

The concentration of wealth in a few hands that we see today in technological billionaires is not a new phenomenon. More than two thousand years ago, the Ancient Rome faced exactly the same dilemma that worries today to governments around the world: a few rich people accumulated land and resources, while the majority of citizens became impoverished to the point of bordering on misery. A young politician named Tiberius Sempronius Graceither He thought he found a solution to redistribute the wealth accumulated by the Roman patricians: his idea cost him his life. In the middle of the second century BC, after destroying Carthage and Corinth, Rome had become the dominant power of the Mediterranean. However, this expansion it didn’t make everyone rich equally. For the humblest Roman peasants, it brought a devastating social crisis. The small landowners, who for centuries had cultivated their lands and served in the Roman legions, were displaced by large estates exploited with slave labor brought from the new conquered territories. The long military campaigns had prevented the soldiers peasants return in time to harvest their lands, which affected the economies of their families. Furthermore, upon their return they discovered that their lands had been expropriated by millionaire aristocrats from Rome. Tiberius Sempronius Gracchusgrandson of Scipio Africanus, the general that defeated to the Carthaginian Hannibaland heir to one of the most powerful families in Rome, was guaranteed a brilliant political future. However, in the year 133 BC, being elected tribune of the plebs, he decided to propose an agrarian reform with which he attempted to redistribute the enormous fortunes that Roman landowners had accumulated. Something similar to what is trying to make California and other countries all over the world. Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus With this measure, Gracchus was directly confronting his own people since he himself came from a wealthy family. Its law established that no citizen could own more than 500 iugera (about 125 hectares) of public land, the so-called ager publicus. The plots that exceed that limit will be expropriated and handed over to landless peasants. A measure that, de facto, ended with the large estates in the hands of the richest romans. The objective of the measure was twofold: to restore economic solvency to the Roman people and to ensure that Rome had enough citizens with assets to nourish its legions, since only the owners They could serve as soldiers. Making friends among the richest According to the ancient sources of Plutarch, written between the years 96 AD and 117 AD, Tiberius did not seek to start a revolution against the rich, but to restore old republican laws that had fallen into disuse. To defend his reform, Tiberius gave speeches in front of the impoverished people of Rome. In one of his most famous, which was collected by Plutarchthe young tribune declared: “Their generals deceive them when, in battle, they encourage them to fight for the temples of their gods and for the tombs of their fathers. This is because, of a large number of Romans, not one has his own domestic altar or family tomb. They fight and die to feed the opulence and luxury of others, and, when they claim to be masters of the entire world, they do not even own a piece of land.” The Senate, dominated by large landowners, tried to block the reform by all means. They persuaded another tribune named Octavius to veto the proposal, but Tiberius responded with a bold and unprecedented maneuver: he called for the assembly to remove Octavius from office for acting against the interests of the people. The reform was finally approved and applied by distributing the large estates of the landowners among the Roman peasants. However, when Tiberius attempted to run for a second term as tribune, a practice then considered contrary to Roman tradition, the aristocracy decided he had gone too far. According to the historical documentationduring the elections in the Capitol, a group of senators led by the maximum pontiff Scipio Násica, a relative of Tiberius himself, burst in with a group of followers armed with clubs and with the legs of chairs torn from the Curia. In the sacred place, where swords were not allowed, They beat Tiberius to death and about 300 of his followers. His body was thrown into the Tiber River without allowing his family to bury him. Death of Tiberius Gracchus Ten years later, in 123 BC, Tiberius’ brother, Gaius Sempronius Gracchustook up the cause started by his brother with an even more ambitious program. Caius approved the Lex Frumentariawhich forced the State to distribute wheat among the plebs at prices below the market, laying the foundations of the food subsidy system that would last for centuries. He also proposed extending Roman citizenship to the Italic peoples who fought in Rome’s wars but did not enjoy its benefits. The Senate used populist tactics, warning that Italian foreigners would reduce aid to Roman citizens, and when Caius lost popular supportwas pursued to the Aventine Hill near Rome, where he ordered his faithful slave Philocrates to assassinate him. Nearly 3,000 of his supporters died with him. The legacy that survived violence Although the Senate murdered both brothers, it could not erase their legacy. The reforms that the Gracchi had proposed would finally be implemented decades later by order of Julius Caesar, who had a powerful army that protected him from suffering the same fate. The historians Plutarch and Appian left record of what happened with the Gracchus brothers centuries later, both agreed to portray Tiberius as a politician with solid ideas who looked to Rome’s past to find solutions to the problems suffered by his people. Paradoxically, although the story of the Gracchus brothers happened more than 2,000 years ago, we could find very similar references today with just a quick glance at the news. In Xataka | Mark Zuckerberg is going to change the California sun for Miami. You have 11 billion reasons to do it. Image | Wikimedia Commons (Lodovico Pogliaghi, Guillaume … Read more

Rome turned North Africa into its great oil fountain. And we have found the mega-oil mills of the Empire

December 20, 2025 by usatoday24

He Roman empire He founded the foundations of Western civilization both socially and in the most functional part: the infrastructure. Its roads are famousbut wherever they passed, They also founded industry. And an international group of archaeologists has found one of the most significant discoveries related to the roman industry. The second largest oil pressing complex in the entire Empire. Mega-oil mill. In the Tunisian region of Kasserine is the archaeological site identified as ‘Henchir el Begar’. Specifically, there are two settlements found to the north and west of Kasserine (the ancient Roman Cillium), and archaeologists are clear that they are part of the same industry dedicated to oil. They estimate that both were operational between the 3rd and 6th centuries AD, demonstrating that they were incredibly valuable to the Empire, and the data reflects the productive ambition of the area: The settlement has 33 hectares with two main sectors: Hr Begar 1 and Hr Begar 2. Hr Begar 1 has twelve beam presses, being the largest mill in Tunisia and the second largest in the entire Roman world. We are talking about beams and counterweights capable of exerting tons of pressure. It has cisterns and a water collection basin. HR Begar 2 has another eight presses of the same type, as well as another water collection basin and cisterns. Context. In addition to the two “oil mills”, georadar has identified a network of settling tanks for oil, warehouses, a dense fabric of housing for workers and the site’s population, and road tracks for the ‘trucks’ of the erato, trains that transported the amphoraethey will reach the coast and places of distribution. Apart from making it clear that the site was an oil megafactory, they have also found stone mills. They estimate that production was mixed: oil and also cereals, which points to the strategic importance of this region around Kasserine. Strategic good. In it releasearchaeologists highlight that the territory is characterized by high steppes and a continental climate with modest rainfall that would have been collected in wells, all of this favoring ideal conditions for the cultivation of olive trees. This border area of Africa would have been a point of exchange between cultures, but a discovery of these dimensions shows that this Proconsular province of Africa would have been the great supplier of oil to the Roman Empire both for consumption (the highest quality oil) and for fuel and other consumables (oil for lighting, bases for medical ointments and cosmetics). Perspectives. That powerful Henchir el Begar oil industry is not the only thing the team has found. They have also found pieces such as a bracelet decorated in copper or brass, a stone projectile and some architectural elements that had later been reused in a Byzantine wall. The mission in Kasserine began in 2023 as a project co-led by the Ca’Foscari University of Venice, the University of La Manouba in Tunisia and the Complutense University of Madrid and, according to Professor Luigi Sperti, one of the project coordinators, it allows “an unprecedented perspective on the agrarian and socioeconomic organization of the border regions of Roman Africa.” We will see what they find in future prospecting, but the investigations of this third campaign have borne fruit in understanding the importance of the region in issues such as the production, marketing and transportation of oil on a scale not seen until now in that area. Images | UCM, Unive In Xataka | Modern tunnel boring machines are real monsters compared to those of 1950. The paradox is that they are just as slow

Bathing in Rome was not a priority. Until the elites of the empire discovered the luxury of the Termas de Trajan

October 3, 2025 by usatoday24

At present, daily hygiene is (or it should beat least) something we assume with total normality. But in the times of the Republic of Rome, the bathroom was not considered as A priority. The Personal hygiene It consisted of little more than washing your arms once a day and the rest of the body every nine or ten days. At the end of the 1st century, a new trend inspired by classical Greece was gaining importance among the privileged classes of Rome, which began to build spaces dedicated to the pleasures of the bathroom in its lavish villas. The ones were born Balnea that worshiped to the Salutem per Aquam or health through water. Submerging in water bathtubs at different temperature went from being a mere practical requirement to wash, something more playful that fit as a glove with the enjoyment of the patricians and other wealthy class. The challenge: get the greatest and most luxurious hot springs of the empire Marco Vipsanio Agrippa was the first ruler of Rome to which it occurred to build a huge Balneum in the Mars field as a meeting and entertainment place for the citizens of Rome. However, unlike Balneumwhich were deprived, these public water baths will receive the name of Themaereaching Our days like Termas. Agrippa, without knowing it, had started a career with its predecessors in which each new ruler wanted to leave their mark with some larger, more luxurious and most ostentatious hot springs than those of his predecessor. Trajan, as a good Sevillianhe knew the benefits of a good bath to cool off the heats and relax at the end of the day, so he entered the rag in the competition by building an authentic architectural and technological wonder of the ancient world. Ruins of the Termas de Trajan If we could Travel in time to ancient Romewe would meet the sumptuous Trajan Termas. Considered as An architectural wonder delivered to the luxury and well -being of those who visited it. These places offered numerous attractions for the entertainment and health of citizens: saunas, bath pools, Palestras, libraries, porches and gardens decorated with everything luxury of detail. However, although in most cases the cost of the entrance was available to the majority of citizens of Rome, only the wealthiest and powerful could pay all the pleasures and luxury offered by these facilities. The hot springs were inaugurated in the Oppio hill in 109 AD covering the void of public bathrooms left by the fire of the Domus Aureaof Emperor Nero. The Trajan Termas They were a real display of architectural innovation that Integrated the latest in Roman air conditioning technology and opulence in the decorations and mosaics. Mosaic with sandals in hot springs. “Salvom Lavisse”, a bath is good for you In the structure of its construction it was innovated with the development of lighter materials to achieve a equally resistant concretebut much lighter and permissive with heat based on volcanic rock either Tufo Giallo. The wooden structures, which served as fuel for the previous hot springs, were replaced by slender advocated ceilings and large interior spaces. The whole occupied the triple of the surface that its predecessor with some 111,000 square meters of luxury dedicated to body cult. The water supply was guaranteed by a complex aqueduct that brought the water from different sources of the Bracciano lake located 40 km from Rome, and was stored in huge deposits near the theater enclosure with a capacity of eight million liters of water. Trajan thermal complex plant Enjoy a bath in that sumptuous temple dedicated to hygiene and health was A luxurious and relaxing experience. The thermal complex was designed with an impressive architecture and offered a wide range of services and comforts to enjoy. The operation Upon entering, he passed by the NATATIO A large pool with which the first visual contact with the water was had, but that was visited until the end. Before, it should be passed through the APODYTERIA or common dressing rooms. From that point, the visitor passed to the Palestra Fully naked or smeared in essential oils to worship the body exercising the muscles or participating in ball games. Moment that many used to achieve political favors or influences between high society. Columns on which the ground rested. Eustolian house. Cyprus Then, the Thermal circuit It continued through heated rooms with an elaborate system in which the exposure of the sun’s rays was combined through large double windows, and a system of “radiant soil” raised on a series of columns that was heated by the circulation of hot air under the ground, the walls and the vaults. The wealthiest could enjoy massage services with scented oils and ointments and even body hair removal executed by slaves Hot water pools (Caldolarium) and temperate (Tepidarium) were conditioned using the same underground boilers with which the air that acclimatized the entire enclosure was heated. These boilers warmed a large bronze container with inverted turtle shell that came into contact with the base of the bathtub Caldolarium and circulated hot water by convection until The whole pool had the same temperature. Maximum resources optimization, with the same fire air and water heated. The thermal circuit ended with a bathroom in the four cold water pools of the huge central basilica of the Termas de Trajan. In them you could share the bathroom, the conversation (or what arises) with the rest of the hot springs, it was already allowed entry of both men and women. The route ended in the NATATIO who welcomed the visitor. This was one outdoor pool With an approximate depth of one meter, with which the visitor left his luxury and well -being reverie to return to his routine, which Rome did not do in one day. Unfortunately, fate wanted all this wonder of ancient Rome to succumb under a fire. An even greater project emerged from its ashes: the hot springs of Emperor Caracalla … but that is another story. In Xataka … Read more

If the question is “how ancient Rome smelled” the answer is “yes”

August 24, 2025 by usatoday24

Smelling a colony, a room or a plate of food causes our mind to jump and travel over time. It is something tremendously powerful And that has led to investigate ways to smell video games, The cinema either to the Internet. These systems existed And, although it would be the definitive immersive experience, None finished curdlingPerhaps the problem is that we don’t want to sniff certain things. And, definitely, something we would not want to experience is the smell of ancient Rome. It smelled strong. Thomas Derrick, a doctor at Macquarie University in Australia, believes that ancient Rome would have been extremely smelly for Anyone of today. In statements a RNZthe researcher specialized in people’s daily lives during that historical period in Rome believes that “it probably smelled quite bad.” Ok, but … to what extent? “You would smell human waste mixed with smoke resulting from the burning of firewood, animal droppings and other things rotting and decomposing.” And the sewers? The problem is that there was not a single source of those bad smells, being the result of a stinky combination not particularly pleasant. Rome had a sewer system (the ‘Maximum sewer‘It is an example), but not some sewers like the ones we can imagine to carry the waste of the latrines to a black well or something like that, but something more similar to a river drain to evacuate the stagnant water of the public areas. Derrick says in an article to The conversation that “we can assume, with enough security, that the owners did not have latrines connected to the sewers in the big cities, perhaps by fear of the entrance of rodents or the bad odors.” In addition, they did not have valves such as those that currently prevent things from the sewer, so the gases that originated from the waste, such as methane, could enter the houses. And considering that lamps with a flame were used, The danger of explosion was there. Nothing was wasted. Most likely, the most humble had a nearby black well. And, in addition to the feces, it must be taken into account that the garbage could also be thrown into the same place … or directly to the street, as was the case with urine, thrown from the windows of the buildings of several floors. Apart from human waste, there were work animals that were used regularly in cities that They did their things in the streetsas well as decomposition corpses of both these animals and people. And what is garbage for the vast majority, for others it is a “treasure.” There were professionals who collected stool to use them as fertilizers, but urine could also be used to wash clothes. That urine is still rich in ammonia, so could be used to disinfect. Patches for poop. If the streets were up of excrement (and what are not excrements, another question that arises is how they could walk through them without ending up to the stool knees. The answer they found was the placement of large stones in the streets to dodge both the mud and the waste. Pompeya is one of the places where you can see these “stones to cross”, a cobblestone that also allowed a simpler step for animals that were used to load or for tasks such as moving the large stone mills that were used in the bakeries. Again, more animals … and more waste. Humanity. Derrick says that this nausebound smell of the big Roman cities was not only due to the feces of each other. “Roman settlements would have strongly smelled of body sweat,” he says. Also demystify that Image of Roman public bathsaffirming that they were not as hygienic as we can think if we visited the ruins of some of them. And yes, although they were places where you could carry out hygienic activities, especially were meeting points in which it defined and ate, pulling the remains to the ground. In addition, although the Romans knew the soap, they preferred to scratch the skin with a bronze curved tool called strígile and use perfumed olive oil for personal hygiene. And the mixture of oil and dead skin was thrown (again) to the ground or water. And since water and oil are not mixed, when the water disappeared, only that greasy mejunje remained. The author comments that the bathrooms, “were surely quite dirty places.” That tool would be strígile There were always classes. The elites could have more refined customs and even use perfumes that, yes, existed in ancient Rome. To elaborate them, they mixed animal and plant fats and they were impregnated with aromas such as roses, cinnamon, lilies, incense or saffron. They could bring spices to India thanks to the vast Commercial networks of the Empireand if these perfumes were applied in the human body, they mixed with body smell to work for something … different. Where they were used with more olfactory success it was in the statues, since they sought to enhance that aroma of the gods and goddesses with perfumes that exalted the cult of deities. What is clear is that what for us would be something nauseabundo, for the ancient Romans was everyday, the smell of the home. Do you remember the Maximum sewer? That class difference was also there: while the popular classes had blind wells, some Domus rich did have direct connection with the sewerage system. And now I can’t stop imagining how to smell some lentils reminds me of winter afternoons when I was little … and how for a Roman legionary away from home, smelling a swamp could make him think “as at home, nowhere.” Images | Pinterest (Peter Connolly), Featuredpics In Xataka | While modern concrete cracks within a few decades, the Pantheon of Agrippa has been standing for 2,000 years: myths and realities of Roman concrete

The millions of tourists receiving Rome are uploading the price of the carbonara. And the neighbors have tired

April 18, 2025 by usatoday24

In Italy La Carbonara it’s a Gastronomic emblem. Now also a symbol against Tourist massification. Before the perspective that Rome is filled this year of millions of visitors attracted to the 2025 jubilee and that this avalanche triggers (even more) the prices of certain services, such as the menus of the treatments, An association of consumers has proposed to institutions and hoteliers to seal a ‘carbonara pact’ that guarantees that they will apply “fair” rates To the dishes. And they have a figure in mind: 12 euros. A figure: 35 million. Rome is a enormous gigantic tourist destination. Probably one of the largest on the planet. That is no novelty. Your City Council Calculate that last year he received 51.4 million visitors, a historical record that leads local authorities to refer to its city as “the capital of tourism” (capital letters are yours). A new element will be added to that interest in the eternal city: the 2025 jubilee, an appointment that according to the Italian Ministry of Tourism will attract More than 35 million of visitors. And how will it affect prices? That is the question that was asked A few months ago Consumerismo no Profit, an association of consumer -based consumer. In An open letter Its president, Luigi Gabriele, recalls the forecasts of visitors to the jubilee and shows his concern to the perspective that this tide of tourists and pilgrims raises prices in the shops and restaurants of the capital. It is not a minor issue if one takes into account that in March the Year -on -year IPC of non -alcoholic foods and drinks was in Italy of 2.6%. “It is undeniable that the increase in demand for goods and services determined by the jubilee runs the risk of provoking deep changes in current price lists, some of which are already underway, taking companies in the area to maximize their profits in 2025,” says Gabriele in Your letterin which he warns of the damage to the image of Rome and the impact for the pockets of both foreign visitors and residents. Objective: Dishes at “righteous” prices. To avoid the association proposed to late 2024 Address the issue at a round table in which both administrations and consumers and businessmen participated. The objective: set a “controlled” or “fair” price for certain typical dishes that have become an emblem of Italian cuisine. Which is it? Gabriele quotes the pasta to the Amatrician and the Carbonara, which “are among the most consumed by tourists.” For that reason, insiststhey are the ones that run the greatest risk of becoming more expensive in 2025. “Our proposal is to define a ‘fair price’ for those dishes, shared with trade associations, recognizing with a special seal or logo those premises who decide to join the initiative,” raises Consumerism not profit. The idea was well received by the City Council, As needed The repubblicaand resulted in what is now known as ‘Carbonara Pact’a “voluntary agreement” for which certain establishments undertake to charge their clients reasonable rates. But … What is reasonable? That is the key. Consumerism does not go into details or Your letter nor in The section of its website dedicated to the ‘Patto della Carbonara’, but over the last months of the Italian press and Foreign It has repeated a figure: 12 euros, a sum for which carbonara pasta dishes could be found in restaurants in the center at the end of 2024, remember Corriere della will. It is not sought that the price drops. But he wants to avoid being shot. “Overcome 11 or 12 euros is not fair for the client. It loses the identity of what Roman cuisine is, which is the dish itself and what it wants to represent,” Explain to The country The owner of a place in Rome. The reasoning is very simple. The defenders of the measure They estimate That preparing a carbonara paste dish is relatively cheap, so taking into account raw materials could be charged for 6.5 euros. To that amount add other extra costs until reaching 12 euros, a price that in its opinion already includes the “margins”. And has it served? One thing is the theory. Another very different facts. Although consumerismo is He has committed To identify the businesses that have been assigned to the ‘Carbonara Pact’ and invites customers has denounced those who do not respect it, there are those who look at the initiative with skepticism. Marina García, journalist and correspondent in Rome, I recently recognized to The country that the pact has not worked too much. “It serves more to open a tourism debate than to have a real impact,” he adds. There are those who, after probe the city’s businesses, He found himself A few months ago, prices already ranged between 12.5 and 19 euros. Or even who speaks that in just a few years the dish has shot from eight to 16 euros. For now, what the agreement has helped is to influence the effect that massive tourism has on a day -to -day basis (And the pocket) of the population, a debate that has occurred in other parts from Italy (Venice, for example) and whom Spain It is not foreign. Images | Sarah (Flickr) and Pinar Kucuk (UNSPLASH) In Xataka | Japan is suffering a bankruptcy record from Ramen. And in part it is the result of the “1,000 yen barrier”

The longest Greek papyrus found was not what it seemed. His translation has revealed an unknown story of Rome

January 30, 2025 by usatoday24

The tablets and papyri of antiquity are time capsules that show us a specific moment of the past fascinously, sometimes even in the first person. There is everything from The oldest trigonometric systemor from applied geometry a thousand years before Pythagoraseven stories or anecdotes that reveal us How was life thousands of years ago. Therefore, when the longest Greek papyrus was found, the world was expectant. It turns out that it was something else. A papyrus in Israel, a Roman case. An unprecedented discovery has thrown New light on the functioning of the Roman judicial system and the fight against financial crime in the eastern provinces of the Empire. An international team of researchers from the Academy of Sciences of Austria, the University of Vienna and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, has published The study of a Greek papyrus of more than 133 linesthe most extensive ever found, found in the Judea desert. The document, unknown until rediscovery in 2014offers a direct testimony of a trial for fiscal fraud and falsification of documents in the Roman provinces of Judea and Arabia, a region shaken by Jewish uprisings against Rome in the I and II DC centuries As we will see, life then was not as different from what it is today. A legal testimony of imperial Rome. The papyrus, initially Erroneous classified as Nebateoshe remained forgotten for decades until Professor Hannah Cotton Paltiel realized something. When examining it in the Parchment Laboratory of the Israel Antiques Authority, it identified its true nature. That finding motivated the formation of a specialized team to analyze its content, later confirming that it was actually, of notes of prosecutors in a trial against Roman officials on the eve of the Kokhba Bar Revolt (132-136 AD). Not just that. The document of the document is surprisingly dynamic, showing procedural strategies and discussions among prosecutors on the strength of evidence. An exceptionally well documented case within the judicial context of the province of Judea, comparable in importance, for example, to the process of Jesus, especially in terms of written evidence of Roman procedures in the region. A fiscal fraud scandal. As for the pure content of the same, the judicial case documented in the papyrus involves two defendants, Gadalias and Sauloswho operated a network of fraud based on fictitious sale and fraudulent slave manumission without paying taxes required by Rome. Gadalias, son of a notary and possibly Roman citizen, had a criminal history of violence, extortion and falsification of documents. For his part, Saulos, his accomplice, designed the scheme to avoid Roman taxes, using counterfeit documents to register non -existent transactions. The punishment. Under Roman law, falsification and fiscal fraud were serious crimes, punished with forced labor or even the death penalty. The arrest of Gadalias and Saulos not only responded to its criminal history, but also happened in a context of growing political tension. His case, in fact, developed between two great Jewish revolts: The diaspora revolt (115-117 AD) and The Kokhba Bar Revolt (132-136 AD)which led the Roman authorities to suspect that their activities were linked to a conspiracy against the Empire. By the way, the papyrus mentions TO TINEIUS RUFUSthe governor of Judea when the revolt of Bar Kokhba exploded, and places the activity of the defendants in the context of the visit of the Adriano Emperor to the region in 129-130 AD said connection suggests that The Romans saw any illegal activity in the area suspiciousespecially those that could be interpreted as acts of challenge to imperial authority. Economic and social implications. One of the most intriguing aspects of the case is the lack of an obvious economic benefit in the fraudulent liberation of slaves, which raises questions about the motivations of the accused. Among the hypotheses that are considered is the possibility that the case was linked to the traffic of people or the Jewish tradition of redeeming Jewish slavespractice based on biblical precepts. Not just that. The document also provides valuable information about the Roman legal administration in the Eastern Mediterranean, Confirming the application of institutions such as the judicial tours of the governor of Judea and the mandatory jurors in the provincial courts. These structures, widely documented in Egypt, can now be confirmed in other regions of the Empire, which reinforces the image of Rome as that highly organized state with a legal supervision system that even reached the most remote areas. The enigma of the papyrus. He Papiro P. Cotton was found in Judea’s desert, possibly in a cave used as a refuge During the Kokhba bar revolt. It happens that its conservation is a mystery, since judicial documents rarely survive outside the Roman archives. According to historians, it is possible that the trial will never reach its outcome due to the outbreak of the conflictwhich would have led the defendants to hide and carry that document with them. Be that as it may, we are facing one of those findings that occur very occasionally, an extraordinary discovery that provides us with an unprecedented look at the administration of justice in the Roman provinces of Judea and Arabia and that gives us an idea, not Only of the legal mechanisms of the empire, but also of the political and social tensions that marked the time, especially in a region where resistance to Rome was constant. Power, yesterday and today. If you want also, the writing says a lot about how the political elites of Rome worked, demonstrating how the empire regulated the economy and fought fraud even in their further territories, in addition to suggesting that the Romans saw with suspicion any illegal activity in contexts of political agitation, interpreting it as a potential threat to its domain. Politics and power, after all, have not changed so much since then. Image | Israel Authority Antiquities In Xataka | This clay tablet can be the oldest applied geometry example that is known: a thousand years before Pythagoras In Xataka | We have discovered Plato’s tomb in carbonized papiros … Read more

Radical fans staged violent fight in Rome (VIDEO)

January 24, 2025 by usatoday24

A violent pitched battle that is now viral on social networks. That was what happened on Wednesday night in Rome, Italy. Radical fans of the Royal Society and lazio They met and fought in the capital. At least nine fans were injured and two were stabbed and admitted to a hospital. According to information from the news agency EFEnine supporters of the Spanish team were attacked with sharp weapons by about 80 fans of the lazio. In total, the fight involved around 150 fans. The pitched battle took place in one of the streets in the center of Rome prior to this Thursday’s meeting Europa League in it Olympic Stadium. According to EFEthe incident occurred around 11 at night in an area called Leonine. At least 70 fans of the Royal Society They were in a place when 80 supporters of the lazio They approached them and began to attack them with blunt and sharp objects. In the different videos circulating on social networks you can see how a red flare cloud illuminates the entire panorama while fans threw chairs at each other and distributed goals. Even in the recordings made by local residents you can see some Italian fans with knives in hand. The brutal fight left six people injured and taken to a hospital. Two of them remain hospitalized. One with a reserved prognosis and another with recovery periods of up to 30 days. Both were dangerous. The other four fans were discharged, but the wounds resulting from the conflict can heal between five and 12 days, depending on the case. Three other injured people refused to receive medical attention, EFE indicated. At the moment, the Police managed to confiscate numerous rudimentary weapons and knives. Several fans of the radical wing of the lazio They were arrested after the conflict. Now, the Italian authorities are investigating with the aim of arresting more responsible for this incident. This is not the first time that this type of incident occurs in Europe. In fact, in September 2024, radical fans dedicated the Rome they robbed fans of the Athletic Club of Bilbao in the run-up to a match Europa League. Keep reading:· Philadelphia Eagles fan lost manager job for insulting Green Bay Packers fan· Luca De La Torre leaves Europe and joins San Diego FC for 12 months· Driver rams police car outside stadium during Playoffs between Philadelphia Eagles and Los Angeles Rams

Pitched battle between the Lazio and Real Sociedad ultras in the streets of Rome with several injured by stabbing

January 23, 2025 by usatoday24

Hundreds of ‘ultra’ followers of Real Sociedad and Lazio, two teams that will be measured in the Europa Leaguetook part in a massive fight in the streets of Rome, with flares, sticks, sharp objects and chairs as attack objects. Those known as ‘Ultras Lazio’, belonging to the so-called ‘Curva Nord’, and the ‘RS Firm’, from Real Sociedad, met in the streets of the Italian capital and staged a massive fight that lasted several minutes. In the images, which immediately went viral on social networks, you can see how chairs flew among the crowd and flares were thrown from one side to the other constantly until, after several minutes of fighting, the ‘RS Firm’ They leave the place pursued by the ‘Ultras Lazio’, who even attacked some straggling Basque fans. Some information even suggests that there have been several stabbings on the Real Sociedad side in this dispute between radical followers. The match between Lazio and Real Sociedad takes place this Thursday at 9:00 p.m. and corresponds to matchday 7 of the group stage of the Europa League. The San Sebastian team, twelfth in the standings, seeks victory to get among the eight best teams in the competition. The Italians, for their part, are the leaders of this new qualification format and have almost assured their direct passage to the round of 16. In September, ‘ultra’ fans of the Rome, the other team in the city, assaulted several fans of the Athletic Club who also traveled for a Europa League match.

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