In Galicia the orcs are hitting sailboats. And there is an unexpected reason why they are there: the octopus

In Galicia, at least in part of the Galicia Litoral, summers begin to be marked by something more than the escapes to the beach, the pilgrims, the arrival of Fodechinchos tourists and (unfortunately) forest fires. On its coasts They usually sneak spontaneous ones that attract more and more looks, both for their spectacular and ‘encounters’ that occasionally leave with the small boats that navigate near the estuaries: the orcs. The summer of 2025 is not an exception. And for now he has already left some discovery amazing. What happened? That in recent days the Galician coast has had peculiar protagonists: orcs. It is nothing new. A few years ago We talked to you Already of their incursions in part of the coast of Spain and Portugal and how sometimes they leave the occasional scare when they run into sailboats or small boats. That does not mean that your presence continues to generate expectation, both among the media (even The Times has echoed of sightings) as among the authorities. In fact they have already forced to mobilize Maritime rescue and the Civil Guard. Where did they see? The Atlantic Orca Working Group (GTOA) includes a tool on-line which allows to follow the latest interactions between ships and orcs. His map shows sightings in the surroundings of the Gulf of Cádiz, the Portuguese coast, part of the Cantabrian and especially on the Galician coast. On Saturday Maritime Rescue confirmed the existence of three different groups in the Galician Atlantic Strip and The regional press has confirmed the presence of specimens in The Baixas Ríasalthough Gtoa has also registered interactions further north. Why is it news? For several reasons. The main one, its ‘encounters’ with sailboats. On Saturday maritime rescue already asked the navigators of the region that extreme surveillance on the Galician Atlantic coast and warned that a sailboat had to be towed to the port and another escorted precisely by the presence of orcs. The Pontevedra Civil Account too He spoke A week ago in X of incidents In Costa da Vela, north of the Cíes Islands, with several sailboats involved, and how one of them ended with damage to the helm shovel. Europa Press assures that as a precaution a regatta and maritime rescue was suspended in charge of these days of remember To the navigators a series of basic guidelines in case of these animals, such as not approaching the bands of the boat or navigating to the coast in search of shallow waters. The normal thing is that the incidents (when there are) do not go beyond blows wave loss of the helm, although there are cases of sailboats that They have ended up anxiety. But … why do they act like this? The phenomenon It is not exclusive of Galicia and has given rise to multiple theories that explain the behavior of these cetaceans. Some point to food scarcity, the possibility that ORCAS consider vessels as competition or even an unexpected effect of pandemic and the break of nautical activities, resumed in recent years. Last year a working group of the International Whaling Commission He raised An explanation Much simpler … and curious: the orcas that ram ships are mostly specimens Young and boring They do it as a game, a fun that would not seek to cause intentional damage to the sailboats or the crews that are on board. “It is more playful than intentional,” summarize Alex Cerbino, from the CBI. If true could be a “temporary” behavior, as already Others have been seen. What exactly do Galicia? That is the other surprise they have left this summer in Galicia. Experts have long known that these animals move chasing the Atlantic red tuna, their favorite delicacy. In fact, the search for food is what explains summer migrations from the Strait of Gibraltar to the north, which in autumn look for deep waters and already in winter return to the narrow area, where they remain until spring, Remember Gtoawhich clarifies in any case that migrations of the Iberian orcs can be “diffuse” and it is not strange that they do not travel in block. Now experts have found out more than helps to understand the incursions of these cetaceans in the Galician estuaries. A recent investigation of the Institute for the Study of Mulas Vigo lighthouse either The voice of Galicia He has concluded that the Iberian Orcs arrive in Rías such as Aruouso in search of something more than atlantic red tuna. They also do it to capture other of their stars dishes, cephalopods. What are you looking for? The same as many Galicians and tourists in summer: in addition to squid, the great food of the gray calderones, the orcs look for a good ration of octopus. “They love it!” assures to Lighthouse Bruno Díaz López, director of the BDRI and Doctor of Ecology. “Thanks to the sightings made in recent years and during the weekend in the Ría de Aruous we have resolved a recurring enigma: the orcs penetrate the estuaries to feed on octopus.” Experts have appreciated “series of long and repeated vertical dives, direction changes, controlled promotions and brief ventilation pauses” that, in their opinion, correspond to the hunting methods used by the cephalopod predators. BDRI experts have even seen Orcas pull nasas for octopuses. In case there were doubts, they have also managed to “visually document specimens emerging with octopus in the mouth.” “This finding explains the repeated entrance of Orcas in the Ría de Arousa in the last three years,” they claim. Is it important? Yes. Although the orcs go behind the tuna, the finding gives us new information about their incursions in Galicia. “Beyond their main prey in the open sea, the orcs take advantage of coastal trophic opportunities linked to octopus in specific periods,” concludes The director of the BDRI, who remembers that the phenomenon does not fit only with the most recent observations, but also with the documentary records. “It agrees with historical testimonies of Aguiño … Read more

Starship ended as an orange after flight 10. Spacex has not explained the reason, but the Internet has its theories

Starship’s tenth test has been a resounding success. The highest rocket in history took up a lot of expectation after three failed pitches, but this time one by one fulfilled the objectives of the mission. What surprised many was the orange color that the ship had when it merited in the Indian Ocean, a tone that we had not seen so far. Extreme suffering. After displaying Starlink Satellites simulators for the first time, Starship 37 lit an engine in the exorbitant space. It was then that Spacex tested the structure of the ship. An especially hard reentry angle, a series of aggressive maneuvers with the ailerons and a deliberately incomplete thermal shield made the ship suffer, but never disintegrated or stop maneuvering. Unlike flights 7, 8 and 9, which did not have a controlled reentry, flight 10 has allowed Spacex to collect an incalculable amount of data to improve Starship’s most critical and green part: Your reusable thermal shield. And it is precisely the thermal shield in the rocket belly that seems to have acquired an orange color after 26,000 km/ha 12 km/h. But how did that rusty tone occur if the thermal tiles are ceramic? A buoy and a mystery. Although Spacex has not yet pronounced on the subject, the images of the Ship 37 issued live from a buoy in the Indian Ocean called the attention of fans and aerospace experts equally. While the ship’s belly seems to have churruscado, the main theories do not point to The tiles fall Or they were burned, but for something deposited on them. The location of the experimental metal tiles at the vertex of the orange cone A refrigerant leak. The hypothesis that has gained the most force is the one that points to one of the key experiments of this flight: a metal tile with active cooling In the upper part of the thermal shield. Unlike the usual ceramic tiles, which are passive insulators, this experimental piece leaves circular cohete refrigerant to dissipate heat. The theory, supported by Analysts like Scott Manleysuggests that the tile with active cooling could have suffered a leak. The refrigerant fluid (perhaps methane of the rocket itself), by escaping and coming into contact with the incandescent plasma of the reentry, would have been burned and deposited throughout the fuselage, creating that characteristic feature of orange -shaped cone color that is appreciated in the images. In fact, the location of the experimental tile It coincides perfectly with the vertex of the orange area. Other possibilities. A non -exclusive theory is that experimental metal tiles (there were others on board without active refrigeration) They will simply oxidize Due to the extreme temperatures of the reentry, leaving that trail of oxide color. What seems clear is that we are not seeing the result of a ablation. Starship silica tiles are reusable insulating, not ablative shields that disintegrate by design. If the tiles had worn up to the point of exposing the ablative material underneath, we would be talking about a catastrophic failure of the system. A torture laboratory. This visual result, far from being a failure, is the direct consequence of Spacex experiments for this flight. The Starship 37 has gone through an authentic test bench for the thermal shield, which Elon Musk himself has pointed out as The main technological stumbling block of the program. On this flight, Spacex withdrew tens of tiles in key areas to see how the lower structure endured. At the same time, he added metal tiles and with active cooling to look for more resistant alternatives in areas of maximum thermal stress. And softened the edges of some tiles to mitigate the hot points observed in previous flights. In summary, the orange color of the Starship does not seem to be a sign of a catastrophic failure, but the visible footprint of an experiment taken to the limit. Images | Spacex In Xataka | A astrophysicist calls Elon Musk: “Even in a nuclear apocalypse, the earth would be a paradise compared to Mars”

Coinbase is going from being “Remote First” to harden teleworking. The reason: North Korean hackers

Coinbase, who was born as a digital native company and an defender of the work in a remote work, has reversed in the labor policy that he assumed mostly from the pandemic. Now require that all new employees travel to the United States for your face -to -face orientation. Those who access sensitive information must be American citizens and undergo fingerprints. Reason does not have so much to do with Teleworking setbacks that we have seen in other companies. It is rather a matter of survival: they have detected North Korean technological workers trying to systematically infiltrate the company To steal information and cryptocurrencies. The threat. The CEO, Brian Armstrong, explained that they have detected a constant flow of highly qualified North Korean candidates. “It’s as if 500 new each quarter graduated,” he said. And they are not simple amateur hackers: the FBI has confirmed that They operate with accomplices in US territory That they forward portable companies, attend virtual interviews posing as candidates and set up screen companies. It also occurs in Europe. For the Pyongyang regime, cryptocurrency theft is a more income source of financing whose income They also help the nuclear weapons program. Only this year they would have stolen $ 1.4 billion Exchange Bybit Between bambalins. Infiltrates are not the only problem. Coinbase has discovered bribes of hundreds of thousands of dollars to customer service workers to obtain account information. Some came to introduce mobiles in supposedly safe facilities to photograph screens with sensitive data. The company has responded with drastic measures: employees work in armored facilities with Chromebooks safe and limited access to information. “When we catch someone, we do not accompany him to the door; he goes to jail,” Armstrong said. Turning point. This security crisis marks a before and after in the debate on remote work. Coinbase has had to choose between what was its business culture and its survival. And he has done the second. In fact he has opened a new office in North Carolina to concentrate critical operations in US territory. The interviews now require keeping the camera on to verify that the candidate is the one who claims to be and is not being supplanted or directed. And now what. The Coinbase case can be just the tip of the iceberg. If a leading technology company with security as one of its pillars cannot keep remote work safe, what can others expect? Pandemia normalized teleworking, but security threats can reverse that trend. Especially in sensitive sectors such as finance, technology and defense. In Xataka | In 2011 a group of investors bought 80,000 bitcoins. They have been sold by 17,000,000% more expensive Outstanding image | Xataka

Work no longer prevents 30% of young people from being at risk of poverty and we have found the reason: housing

The existing gap between the cost of life and salaries in Spain calls into question that having a job (even when it is stable) is already a subsistence guarantee without falling at risk of poverty. According to him last report From the Emancipation Observatory of the Youth Council of Spain, around 30% of young people in Spain live at risk of poverty or social exclusion, even having a job. Work no longer guarantees to avoid poverty. Having a job has ceased to be synonym for security for children under 30 years. According to data from the Emancipation Observatory report, 18.8% of the young people working are at risk of poverty. This figure almost doubles the 2009 data and confirms the wear of the labor market as a protective shield. The report indicates that for Those who have no job The reality is even more severe: more than 52.1% of unemployed young people live under the threshold of poverty, twice the average of the total population. The salary goes up and lowers youth strike. The figures released by the report reveal that, although the Medium salary Juvenile rose 11.4% in 2024 reaching 14,046 euros per year, a good part of young people cannot guarantee sufficient quality of life With that salary. 53.6% of young people between 16 and 29 do not have their own income, and in 14.9% of young households none of its members have a job. The Observatory recognizes that youth unemployment figures have improved by lowering to 19.1%, their lowest value since 2007. However, it remains at a high 24.9% unemployment between children under 25 and 35.5% among those who combine work with the studies. In addition, 36.2% of occupied youth It is overwhelmed for employment What does it perform. The inequality of women and young people with less studies. Women and young people with fewer studies are the most exposed to the threshold of poverty even having a stable job. The risk of poverty affects 31.1% of young women compared to 28.9% among men, and the gap is extended when the educational level decreases. In addition, according to The published by Infobaeyoung men earn 1,929 euros more a year than their companions, a significant salary distance that equals more than one monthly payment. The vault key: housing. In the epicenter of this economic precariousness is the one who, According to the January 2025 barometer Prepared by the CIS, it is the main concern of the Spaniards: the exorbitant prices of housing. The difficulties for access a home own have aggravated the situation and Emancipation rate of young people(Data that represents the number of young people who can leave the family home to start their vital project) in Spain was just 14.8% during the first half of 2024, the lowest level recorded since you have registration. A wall for emancipation. Access to your own home has become Mission almost impossible For the young. As published in the report, The base rental It is around 1,080 euros per month, which means that a young person must dedicate 92.3% of their salary to housing if they want to live alone. The purchase option is not much more optimistic. The Observatory estimates the average sale price of housing in about 197,210 euros, which is equivalent to 14 years of a current average youth salary. Only the entrance for housing (estimated at 59,163 euros) is already about four years of salary, making youth emancipation more complicated. Given this real estate context, 57.9% of young people who manage to emancipate rent. Of these, almost a third share a flat to be able to assume the expenses. However, this is not an affordable alternative either. The average price of a room in shared floor It amounts to 375 euros per month, equivalent to 35.8% of the monthly net salary of a young man. These percentages exceed the spending threshold for the internationally recommended housing, set at 30%. In Xataka | Barcelona tested a basic income of 1,297 euros per month and the job search was reduced by 22%: the test was a success Image | Unspash (Gabor Szuhan)

Instagram and Tiktok advertising has become short videos of people talking to a microphone. There is a reason: clippers

You enter Tiktok and Instagram and you start seeing ads that (no longer) surprisingly have a great similarity to each other despite promoting a very different product: a startup, a podcast, an application or an event. The key, as the Wall Street Journalis the way to viralize content that these platforms have, which has resulted in the emergence of a figure to earn money working online, Clippers. Mom, I want to be older clipper. The Clippers They are editors who take the long contents of platforms such as YouTube, Twitch or Spotify and make them short viralizable content in Tiktok, Instagram Reels and YouTube shorts at the request (or not) of its creators. They also do the same with promotional videos of companies that want to increase the visibility of a specific product. Getting an attractive and effective video is not simple, but there is an ingredient that is almost always present, subtitles. There is Influencers farms and of clicksso there are also advertisements. You don’t have to have a big account. Nor generate videos to upload them to the corporate account of a client: companies pay in many cases because these editors upload videos to small accounts, but that also manage the contents thanks to FUncionation of algorithms. In addition, in the face of more advanced edition work, a clipper You can use online or free and powerful editing tools such as Capcut. There are even specialized platforms. WHOP is a platform for selling digital products and putting communities in contact. A kind of “app store for creators”. Before the rise of Tiktok, Shorts and Reels, the company identified that short clips were a bomb as viral advertising format, and created Whoop Clips, an ecosystem to contact brands and creators with Clippers. This activity is also promoted on websites such as Clipthis, YT Jobs or even In Reddit. There are also simple ads published as Tiktok videos. The explosion of these videos leads entrepreneurs as Pieter Levels (@levelsio) to offer video tools made with AI which generate subtitles using the Capcut subtitles API. In his day, Levels already said that All marketing around its apps and services would move to Tiktok After getting impressive results. Examples of 1x robot clips, Cluelly and the Smartphones nothing manufacturer The business model. According to the campaign, in whop between $ 0.50 and 5 dollars. He Wall Street Journal Speech reduces the maximum figure to about 2 dollars, dating examples such as Kanoah Cunningham, a former financial sector worker who now leads an eight team Clipperswith what generates monthly between $ 20,000 and $ 30,000 per month. Another case on the same line is that of Nathan Resnick, which pays $ 15,000 per month to about 50 clippers. Unlike what happens on platforms such as Fiver or Upwork, where a client pays an editor A fixed price for a final jobin whop there can be hundreds of Clippers making videos of the same ad and then upload it to small accounts. Only those who manage to obtain a considerable number of visits manage to make money. For others it will be lost time, so there is a strong incentive to optimize creations. The key to having a successful clip, according to Cunningham, is “building a story.” The numbers that explain the phenomenon. The brands, instead of paying an influencer for a video, manage to generate hundreds of clips and millions of low cost views. Roy Lee, founder of the Startup Cluely, states that “you are stupid if you are making a podcast of an hour and only public it in a channel.” His reasons to say it: 800,000 visits a day on Instagram and Tiktok. Max Peterson, who directs a clips market in Discord, directed a Tiktok campaign for the series’Adults‘which achieved 12 million visits in total. Peterson also says that a budget of $ 40,000, 1x technologies, the company after a Advanced humanoid robothe achieved 500 million total visits on the product on Tiktok. Yes, but. That the brands themselves want to see their video in hundreds of channels does not mean that Tiktok or Instagram will not mark it as stolen or copied content of others. So Clippers They have to work well how they cut their “creations” so that they do not eliminate their videos. Another problem of the practice of mass virality is that the veracity of the clips suffers at the will of the editor. According to Cunningham, it is often lie in the subtitles or a different meaning is given to the video looking for more visits. Image | EACH and Alpha film co In Xataka | A disturbing reality makes its way on social networks: we no longer use them to connect with friends

The hidden reason why Elon Musk Lanza Satellites of Archienemigos like Jeff Bezos: The radio spectrum

On Monday morning, Spacex completed its 100th launch so far this year. But aboard the Falcon 9 rocket there were no new Starlink satellites, but a lot of 24 competition satellites. How have we reached a point where Elon Musk and Jeff Bezos, rivals on so many fronts, collaborate in space? A little context. Starlink has been growing without opposition for six years. At this time, Spacex has deployed More than 8,000 satellitesconsolidating an almost absolute domain of the satellite broadband Internet market. Now, a competitor with a comparable financial muscle has entered the scene: the Amazon Kuiper Project. The company founded by Jeff Bezos has begun to display its own megaconstellation to offer high -speed connections worldwide and compete directly with the Elon Musk service. Time against. The main challenge for Kuiper is time. The license granted by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) of the United States requires him to have half of his constellation in orbit (that is, 1,618 satellites of a total of 3,232) before July 2026. Unlike Spacex, which has a complete vertical integration, Amazon does not manufacture its own rockets. To fulfill the deadline, the technological giant made in 2022 the “greater commercial acquisition of history of history”, signing contracts with ULA to use its atlas V and Vulcan rockets, with Arianespace to use the European rocket Ariane 6, and with Blue Origin, the aerospace company of Jeff Bezos himself, to use the gigantic new Glenn rocket. The problem is that most of these pitchers are new and have suffered important delays. They are just business. Although Bezos tried to prevent Amazon from using Spacex services, the most honest option with shareholders was to hire several Falcon 9 rockets, which thanks to their unique reuse capacity usually offer the lower price per kilogram Put in orbit. Spacex has already shown that he is willing to launch satellites of his competitors. Between 2022 and 2024 he launched four lots of satellites for Eutelsat Oneweb, his European rival, after the Russian invasion of Ukraine took the Soyuz and proton rolling from the market. For Spacex, this is a round business because the money of its competitors is pocketed, which can reinvest in its own satellite constellation. But there is another reason. A strategic issue that goes beyond the launch business. The coin of covert change is the increasingly saturated radio spectrum. According to one Wall Street Journal ResearchSpacex has used its dominant position in the release market to press its rivals and obtain a crucial advantage for Starlink: spectrum rights. The radio spectrum is the electromagnetic wave set that are used for wireless communications. It is a resource finite, invisible and absolutely essential so that satellite constellations can send and receive data without interference. Governments around the world, through organizations such as FCC in the United States, are responsible for assigning rights to use it. Spacex needs more spectrum. And he needs it desperately to be able to serve the More than four million Starlink users As it continues to expand. According to the Journal, Musk’s company would have asked companies such as Oneweb and Kepler Communications to give him part of his spectrum rights as a condition for launching his satellites. Although Spacex denies it, the report details how Oneweb, after running out of the Russian rockets, reached an agreement with Spacex that included “spectrum concessions” to ensure the releases it needed. Elon Musk’s web. This strategy places Spacex competitors in an incredibly difficult situation. It is a dilemma that the analyst Tim Farrar Describe as “Carefully choose”. Companies such as Echostar or GlobalStar have had to decide between going through the Spacex ring, giving competitive advantages, or paying more for slower access to space with other rocket companies. If there are. Ast Spacemobile, who had opted for the New Glenn rocket of Blue Origin, found that Bezos’s rocket would not be ready on time And their satellites, much heavier than expected, will have to wait. Apple’s case. In 2022, Musk I had offered Apple exclusive access to Spacex For 5,000 million dollars, an offer that Apple rejected. Apple ended up closing an agreement with GlobalStar for its satellite emergency service, but later, the delay in the launch of GlobalStar’s satellites by Spacex seems to have benefited Starlink. The explanation of the delay and renegotiation of the launch contract seem to have to do with that Apple will end up reaching an agreement To offer Starlink Direct-to-Cell on the iPhone 13, a model that is not compatible with the GlobalStar service. This gave Starlink an advantage in the race for the cell connection at a time when Apple already debated internally if he could compete with the rhythm of Spacex. The giant Starlink. In the end, each launch of a competition or agreement satellite by the spectrum becomes a tactical victory for Elon Musk. Not only does it charge for the service, reinforcing the finances of a company whose income They are about to overcome NASA’s budgetbut it uses its domain to ensure the most vital resource for the future of global communications. Image | Spacex In Xataka | The Ukraine Army has an almost important problem as Russia: Starlink belongs to Elon Musk

For some reason, evolution does not stop creating antiques. 12 times different around the world has emerged

Like the Chavo del Ocho when he did for the umpteenth time the joke to continue criticizing Professor Jirafales once the others had silenced, nature can have somewhat repetitive scripts. The point is that they work. Trend to eat ants and termites. It doesn’t matter if we are in America, Africa or Asia. Again and again, throughout the history of the earth, different mammalian lineages have reached the same evolutionary conclusion, developing a similar body plan to exploit one of the most abundant banquets on the planet. A recent study Posted in Evolution magazine It reveals that the specialization in eating ants and termites (a feature known as Mirmecophage) has emerged independently at least 12 times different since the extinction of dinosaurs 66 million years ago. Convergent evolution. When we think of an anthill, the iconic elongated snout animal of the Americas comes to mind. But the anthill is not alone. Pangolines and Aardvarks, who inhabit Africa and Asia, are distant relatives who have developed a surprisingly similar tools kit. Adaptations include long and sticky tongues, a reduced or non -existent teeth and powerful front legs armed with claws to dig in insect nests. This phenomenon, in which unrelated species They develop similar features To adapt to similar conditions, it is known as convergent evolution. The same strange design. “The specializations associated with Mirmecophage are among the strangest and most fascinating mammals,” says Laura Wilson, an evolutionary biologist, In Science magazine. “This study illuminates our understanding when, and how many times, these fascinating characteristics evolved and under what conditions.” To reach these conclusions, the also biologist Thomas Vida and his team collected and analyzed data on the diet of almost 4,100 species of mammals, mapping their eating habits in the great evolutionary tree. The resulting model left no doubt: the evolution has taken the path of mirmecophagy over and over again, and has done so in the three large branches of mammals, including marsupials and monretrems, which put eggs. The postdinosaurs world. There are several crustaceans that have evolved towards a body shape similar to that of a crab. This phenomenon has occurred at least five times, but over several hundred million years. Mirmecophagous mammals, on the other hand, have done it 12 times in just 66 million years. “For some reason, things continue to evolve until they become hormigueros,” says the author of the study. Why this rise of ants dining rooms just after the disappearance of dinosaurs? The answer, according to researchers, is in the history of social insects. After the great extinction of the Cretaceous-Paleogen, the ants and the termites experienced a demographic explosion. His presence in the fossil registry shot, and his biomass became an abundant ecological resource. A road without return. The study also reveals another fascinating fact: once a mammalian lineage specializes in eating ants and termites, it seems that there is no turning back. The researchers only found a reversal case: the musarañas elephant of short ears. Their ancestors were probably fed on ants and termites more than 13 million years ago, but today, these southern Africa creatures have a mixed diet that includes other insects and plant matter. This evolutionary dead end is probably due to the stability and abundance of the food source, or the difficulty of recovering the features of a generalist once the body has adapted to such a specific diet. The story, therefore, tells us that while there are ants and termites in abundance, the evolution will continue to threaten more mammals into relentless devouring machines of colonies. Image | Claudio Olivares Medina (CC BY-DC -nd 2.0) In Xataka | “This is not a penguin.”

For some reason, evolution does not stop creating antiques. 12 times different around the world has emerged

Like the Chavo del Ocho when he did for the umpteenth time the joke to continue criticizing Professor Jirafales once the others had silenced, nature can have somewhat repetitive scripts. The point is that they work. Trend to eat ants and termites. It doesn’t matter if we are in America, Africa or Asia. Again and again, throughout the history of the earth, different mammalian lineages have reached the same evolutionary conclusion, developing a similar body plan to exploit one of the most abundant banquets on the planet. A recent study Posted in Evolution magazine It reveals that the specialization in eating ants and termites (a feature known as Mirmecophage) has emerged independently at least 12 times different since the extinction of dinosaurs 66 million years ago. Convergent evolution. When we think of an anthill, the iconic elongated snout animal of the Americas comes to mind. But the anthill is not alone. Pangolines and Aardvarks, who inhabit Africa and Asia, are distant relatives who have developed a surprisingly similar tools kit. Adaptations include long and sticky tongues, a reduced or non -existent teeth and powerful front legs armed with claws to dig in insect nests. This phenomenon, in which unrelated species They develop similar features To adapt to similar conditions, it is known as convergent evolution. The same strange design. “The specializations associated with Mirmecophage are among the strangest and most fascinating mammals,” says Laura Wilson, an evolutionary biologist, In Science magazine. “This study illuminates our understanding when, and how many times, these fascinating characteristics evolved and under what conditions.” To reach these conclusions, the also biologist Thomas Vida and his team collected and analyzed data on the diet of almost 4,100 species of mammals, mapping their eating habits in the great evolutionary tree. The resulting model left no doubt: the evolution has taken the path of mirmecophagy over and over again, and has done so in the three large branches of mammals, including marsupials and monretrems, which put eggs. The postdinosaurs world. There are several crustaceans that have evolved towards a body shape similar to that of a crab. This phenomenon has occurred at least five times, but over several hundred million years. Mirmecophagous mammals, on the other hand, have done it 12 times in just 66 million years. “For some reason, things continue to evolve until they become hormigueros,” says the author of the study. Why this rise of ants dining rooms just after the disappearance of dinosaurs? The answer, according to researchers, is in the history of social insects. After the great extinction of the Cretaceous-Paleogen, the ants and the termites experienced a demographic explosion. His presence in the fossil registry shot, and his biomass became an abundant ecological resource. A road without return. The study also reveals another fascinating fact: once a mammalian lineage specializes in eating ants and termites, it seems that there is no turning back. The researchers only found a reversal case: the musarañas elephant of short ears. Their ancestors were probably fed on ants and termites more than 13 million years ago, but today, these southern Africa creatures have a mixed diet that includes other insects and plant matter. This evolutionary dead end is probably due to the stability and abundance of the food source, or the difficulty of recovering the features of a generalist once the body has adapted to such a specific diet. The story, therefore, tells us that while there are ants and termites in abundance, the evolution will continue to threaten more mammals into relentless devouring machines of colonies. Image | Claudio Olivares Medina (CC BY-DC -nd 2.0) In Xataka | “This is not a penguin.”

Abu Dabi’s Disney Park will not look like any other. For a hot reason

The next Disney park, which will be built in Abu Dhabi is going to be a bargain for the company, and that is that He will not cost him a cent. La Razón: The Arab Grupo Miral will give life to the park with Disney’s licenses, and these will only be dedicated to collecting money. Goodbye to the usual Disney. The park’s approach will not arrive free of problems: after months of speculation, Mohamed al Zaabi, CEO of the Miral, has gone out to stop the rumors: Outdoor park would never work. If almost completely interior, it is a change of paradigm: all of the six parks that Disney has active have closed spaces, but most of its attractions are outdoors. Because. A theme park in Abu Dabi sounds very good until The average temperature of the place It comes into play: it exceeds 30 degrees from May to September and 35 in July and August. And what is worse, has maxims of 40 degrees or more than June to September, which makes the enjoyment to the outdoor. According to Al Zaabi, what Miral now raises is a hybrid Disney park. This means that it will have external areas and interior areas. The leader states that it is still early to decide, but believes that “a good percentage will be on a roof.” In Orlando, headquarters of one of the Disney Worldthe National Meteorological Service Extreme heat alert when 45 degrees are exceeded. In Abu Dhabi, the temperature exceeds 43 degrees. The problem is the thermal sensation at that temperature: more than 54 degrees. This is the mastodontic Ferrari World who will be a neighbor of Abu Dhabi’s Disney, almost completely covered. The model to follow. In Miral they know the land well and how to ensure that the experience in the parks is pleasant. On the island of Yas, a place that houses the Formula 1 circuit, and it is planned to build the new park, they already have SeaWorld, Ferrari World and Warner Bros. World. The latter are striking and known for their mastodontic size, but above all for hosting almost all their attractions inside, with a great ally, the air conditioning. According to The Question and Answers website From Ferrari Park: “Ferrari World Abu Dhabi is a theme park covered with air conditioning. (…) which makes it an ideal world destination regardless of season or weather” Other historical changes for petrodollars. In a publication a month ago to Zaabi already mentioned that “everything we do here, we do it differently.” And the reality is that yes, bringing large events to the countries in the area has forced draft changes. As a great example is Catar 2022the first soccer World Cup that had to be held in November for high temperatures. It is so hot in the country that the government had to Install air conditioning on the street. Speaking of differences, we can not forget those of workers’ conditions. The high temperatures were also the key reason that Formula 1 began to be held at night in circuits such as Abu Dhabi. In Baréin in April, whose grand prize was held during diurnal hours of 2004 to 2014the ambient temperature during the race often exceeds 35 degrees. And what is worse, the asphalt temperature of the circuit, built in the middle of the desert, oscillated between 48 and 56 degrees. The minimum value was 13 degrees higher than that of the asphalt of the Montmeló circuit, for choosing an event that is held near dates. Images Bastien NVS and Kevin JD In Unspash, Visit Abu Dhabi In Xataka | We have known how to eliminate the tails of the attraction parks. Disney keeps them for something

In the Middle Ages the Child Jesus was represented as an “old baby.” The reason still fascinates experts

It is not necessary to be a scholar, or have an eye trained in the study of medieval art. Soon you are familiar with the Christian iconography of the thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth centuries or have seen any of the Religious altarpieces That they painted themselves in Europe at that time, you are likely to ask yourself a question: why do they show the Child Jesus like this, ugly, aged, touched? And ugly, aged and touched are three adjectives that probably fall short for not a few of the medieval portraits that represent Jesus in their early years, in Mary’s arms. Where there should be a child in his most tender childhood we find a creature with wrinkles, incipient baldness and the expression of a philosopher submerged in brave reflections. The most curious thing is that they are not due to lack of expertise of artists. They are anything but childish because that is what was sought. Portraits of the child? Jesus. There are examples to bore. Paolo Veneziano, Duccio di Buoninasegna, Massaccio, Giotto… If something has in common their representations of the Virgin and the Child Jesus, beyond having painted them between the thirteenth and fifteenth centuries and always represent the same religious characters, it is how they did. They were supposed to represent a young woman with her newborn son or only a few years, but what came out of her brushes was very different: “old children”, creatures not very healthy who seem sexagenarians about to sign retirement. Instead of angelic faces, they created incipient baldness heads, wrinkles and expressions that evoke anything except the idea of childhood. And to show a button. Or several. Arrives with a look at the child Jesus of ‘Crevole Madonna’ (1283-1284), by Duccio Di Buoninasegna who looks at you from the right side of the cover image. Or this other painted by Giotto At the beginning of the fourteenth century and observes you with an equally intense expression under these lines. Detail of ‘Maestà di Ognissanti’, by Giotto, the beginning of the fourteenth century. Lack of expertise? That is the first explanation that comes to mind: if they painted the Child Jesus of that guise, maybe it was because of the ability of those who handled the brushes. The reality is much more complex … and fascinating. “These ugly babies were very intentional,” Phil Edwards explains in Vox Magazine. They were more or less skilled, when drawing the face of Jesus the painters were guided by conventions, an assimilated and shared code and a cultural background that in this case affected both the idea of childhood and especially that of the Child Jesus himself. In fact, one of the keys that help us understand these pieces is that medieval artists did not seek to faithfully capture reality. If their babies are not realistic it is because they were not interested in realism. The message matters, not fidelity. “The strangeness we see in medieval art is due to the lack of interest in naturalism. They were more inclined to expressionist conventions,” Matthew Averett recountsProfessor at Creighton. Each painter handled their own brushes and paintings, true; But in a context that influenced his works. They were the creators, but they resorted to a language and clear conventions. “The idea of artistic freedom to represent these people as one would have been new,” he adds. “Art was not interested in naturalism, but rather in the theological expression,” emphasize in The conversation Angela McCarthy, from the University of Notre Dame Australia. And that does not notice only in the aspect with which the Child Jesus was portrayed. In Western art theology also influenced COMPOSITIONS: Jesus usually appears sitting with a mature or diaper posture. “The latter was an attempt to represent the biblical references to a child wrapped in diapers or the shroud placed on Jesus after his death,” Apostille McCarthy. Detail of a representation of the Child Jesus of the mid -14th century of Paolo Veneziano. Do not say a child, give better “homunculus”. If there is a word that helps to understand those disturbing “children-man” who rest in Maria’s lap and look at us from the medieval tables is that: homunculus, which means “Little Man”. The Child Jesus was after all a child, but not anyone. McCarthy recalls that his artistic representation with Mary began to expand after the Council of Ephesus, in 431, and not much later, in 451, another council was held in Chalcedon that would be key to the representations of the Child Jesus: “Part of the interpretation that the Church made of the Council was that Jesus was fully human and divine. Some theologians interpreted that this meant that this meant that this was fully formed. with knowledge of his divinity “, reveals The expert of the University of Notre Dame Australia: “This was difficult to represent in art and hence the name of the child.” “Perfectly formed”. What we observe in the Middle Ages altarpieces is therefore not a simple (more or less realistic) representation of a child with his mother. No. The message is more complex … and rich. It shows us an idea of the Jesus Child influenced by Christian theology and certain conventions. And in which that concept, the “homunculus.” “There is the idea that Jesus was perfectly formed and unchanged”, Remember Averett“And if you combine that with Byzantine painting, it became a standard form to represent Jesus. In some of these images it seems that he had baldness with an adult pattern.” Good example is the child who observes you from the left side of the composition that opens this report. The image is taken from ‘Madonna Della Pace’an icon that, as they remember from the Santi Giovanni E Paolo Basilica, was donated to the Dominicans by a senator who took him from Constantinople in the mid -fourteenth. “In the eastern orthodox tradition, from approximately the sixth century to the present, the child Jesus looks like a little man,” McCarthy abounds. Detail of ‘Virgen … Read more

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