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The million-dollar question in Cupertino is whether Apple can continue being Apple without Tim Cook: Crossover 1×45

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Tim Cook will stop being CEO of Apple after almost 15 years at the head of the company. It will do so next September 1, the date on which will pass the baton to John Ternusa man of the house with a different career. While Cook has proven to be a genius of logistics and efficiency, Ternus is a man of product and not so much of numbers. This makes us think about the impact that this movement can have from an Apple that in recent years many have criticized for having lost its innovative spirit. The company has shown great success in making the iPhone the absolute center of its strategy, but will that continue to be enough?

The Bernabéu can now hold concerts again. The question is whether anyone will want to do it.

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Real Madrid has not held concerts at the Bernabéu for more than a year and a half. This week, the Provincial Court of Madrid has filed the criminal case that weighed on the club due to the noise of the shows in the summer of 2024. But the stadium has been hosting events for months but not live music, and no one in the promotion industry has the intention of re-signing a contract that, from now on, has all the criminal responsibility for the matter. What is this about? In the spring of 2024, the newly renovated Bernabéu began hosting large-format concerts. From the first events with Taylor Swiftresidents of the Chamartín district complained about the noise levels, which sometimes exceeded 85 decibels, when the municipal ordinance sets the ceiling at 53. As the problems persisted, a few months later the club suspended its entire musical agenda to undertake acoustic improvement works. Experts already warned that soundproofing the stadium would be almost impossibleand in mid-2025, Real Madrid definitively canceled the concerts. Meanwhile, the Association of Neighbors Affected by the Bernabéu filed a complaint for environmental crime, alleging that the club rented the stadium to concert promoters even though it knew that the facility lacked the necessary acoustic insulation. What the car says. The 3rd Section of the Provincial Court upheld the appeals presented by the club and agreed to the free dismissal of the process (that is, the case is filed and reopening it is ruled out). According to the court, Real Madrid Estadio SL limited itself to renting the venue; he did not organize the concerts, manage the sound system or make decisions about volume or technical production. The Court concludes that those who “promote, organize, develop and execute each show” They are the promoter companies that are the transferees of the stadium.and that they are the ones obliged to respect the decibel limits set by the Municipal Ordinance for Protection against Noise Pollution of 2011. In other words, the owner of the stadium has no legal or contractual duty to monitor acoustic emissions once the venue has been transferred. What the neighbors say. The Association of Neighbors Affected by the Bernabéu affirms that the ruling “doesn’t change anything”in their opinion the concerts are still illegal, and they are going to file an appeal. The resolution, they claim, does not determine that the concerts are legal or that they can be held, it only exempts Real Madrid from criminal liability. The acoustic problem that gave rise to everything is still there. Besides, there is a parallel judicial path: The Superior Court of Justice of Madrid has another case open related to the licenses and authorizations of the events, considering an appeal by the neighborhood association against administrative decisions. In the hands of the promoters. The order clears of responsibilities, but it does not solve the problem: any promoter that signs a concert at the Bernabéu now assumes, alone, the criminal risk from which the club now escapes. And it is not an attractive panorama: during the 2024 concerts, The Madrid City Council imposed 24 sanction acts with a cumulative amount greater than 2.6 million euros. Real Madrid’s measures, first canceling the concert schedule and later acoustic improvement works, make it clear that the club is very aware of the difficulties of giving concerts. Which promoter is going to assume responsibility for the fines? And now what? And now nothing. Real Madrid celebrates the judicial victory in its statement, but it will be difficult for it to find promoters willing to organize concerts in a stadium with such a sanctioning record, assuming the criminal risk alone. Meanwhile, on the other side of Madrid, the Riyadh Air Metropolitano can boast an impeccable track record: since its inauguration in 2018, the Atlético stadium has held more than 50 concerts without a single acoustic violation or a neighborhood complaint. The secret: the Metropolitano was built in the San Blas-Canillejas district, but far from the residential fabric. Sometimes it is not about ambition, but rather respecting some ordinance or other. In Xataka | Real Madrid invested 1,000 million euros in the Bernabéu to host concerts: at the moment it has tennis

If the question is whether using ChatGPT or Claude in English is more efficient and saves tokens, the answer is: yes

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You may not have stopped to think about it, but there is a striking reality in the world of chatbots: It is more expensive to speak in Spanish with AI than to do so in English. The reason is simple: AI does not understand words, it understands tokens. And when you talk to GPT, Gemini, Claude or any other LLM, you talk to him in a language, but to understand you he first “translates” what you are telling him and converts it into tokens. And the problem is precisely that: that not all languages ​​”cost” the same in terms of tokens. There is a very simple example that we can analyze thanks to tools like ClaudeTokenizer: the word “developer”, which in English is “developer” costs few or many tokens depending on the language in which we write it and also (importantly) the version of the AI ​​model used. In the image it is clearly seen, but just in case, we summarize: For ChatGPT (GPT-4o and GPT-5) the word “developer” has three tokens (des-developer-ador), but the word “developer” only costs one. For Claude (Opus 4.7) the word “developer” costs no less than 9 tokens (2 in Opus 4.6), but “developer” costs “only” 6 (1 in Opus 4.6). What is happening here? Well then each language model uses its own “tokenizer”your “translator” from a conventional language to the token language that the language model understands. And those tokenizers favor precisely the languages ​​in which these models are created. This is how AI understands how we speak. Each word is divided into tokens, and English is understood much better. “developer” only costs one token in GPT-5, but “developer” breaks down into three. Bad news for Spanish speakers. In fact, English has become the official language of artificial intelligence, whether we want it or not. The reason is not cultural, but architectural: 95% of the training data of the frontier models (GPT-5, Gemini 3.1, Claude Opus/Sonnet 4.7…) are in that language. That makes the rest of the languages ​​”foreign languages”, and that makes it necessary to pay extra when using them, an almost invisible toll on every interaction. In practical terms, what happens when we use Spanish to talk to an AI model is simple: we use more tokens, and therefore using Spanish is simply more expensive than using English when working with a large language model. If you want to save tokens, better use English The question, of course, is how much more does it cost us to speak in Spanish than in English with ChatGPT (GPT 5.x) or with Claude Opus 4.7? It is difficult to say because each word and each phrase is a world, but the truth is that English is almost always the most “economical”. We have used one of the first sentences in this article to compare that token consumption, and by translating the sentence into different languages ​​and querying that token consumption for different models, the data is clear. It is important to highlight that these results are not conclusive, but they do make the trend clear: English is the most efficient language in terms of token consumption, but be careful, because Spanish is not that bad, and is usually the second most efficient. It is even more efficient than English in Gemini, at least according to the tool consulted. But on average, it is normal that there is a significant extra cost when using different models. A conversation with Claude Opus 4.7 is already “expensive” because it is one of the most expensive models currently, but in Spanish it is almost 30% more expensive, not to mention in Arabic, 76.3% more expensive. In fact, according to this example, the difference between Claude or GPT-4o in terms of efficiency is clear: OpenAI tokenizer is “cheaper”and although there may be differences with GPT-5.x, what seems clear is that Anthropic has preferred to “spend more” to obtain better results (or that is the objective). Gemini is even more thrifty according to these tests, and that may also have a lot to do with the quality of the answers, although that question is for another topic. We have used one of the paragraphs of this article in Spanish and translated it with Deepl into English, Arabic, Norwegian, French and Chinese to find out how many tokens the phrase “cost” in each language. English is undoubtedly the most efficient Tokenizers advance and evolve. Sometimes they do it to save us tokens, as happened with the GPT-4o tokenizer: at that time OpenAI explained how that tool used 1.1 times fewer tokens when speaking to her in Spanish but up to 2.9 times fewer in Hindi or 3.5 times fewer in Telugu. With Claude Opus 4.7, just the opposite has happened: the tokenizer has been redesigned and consumes more tokens (up to 1.35 times more, they admitted) with the aim of better processing and understanding the text. Your chatbot thinks (and programs) in English Here we must also highlight something important: although we can talk to our favorite chatbot in any language and it will answer us in that language (unless we ask otherwise), AI models “think in English”. That is to say: when you talk to them what they do is translate what you tell them and then reason in English and finally they translate their response into the language in which you were speaking to them. This consumes additional reasoning tokens, but also has some impact on latency (how long it takes to start thinking or answer the model). In complex tasks, this can clearly influence response times for the simple reason that the AI ​​model does not stop translating from “its official language” (English) to our language. This preference for English is also noticeable in the benchmarks: in the Humanity’s Last Examin which the models are asked all kinds of general knowledge questions with several options to answer, it is reasonable to think that the models They answer better in English because that exam is designed in that language. … Read more

If the question is how the Egyptian pyramids were made, science has an idea: hydraulic systems

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Ancient Egypt is recognized for being one of the first hydraulic civilizations in history: they had control over irrigation canals, dams and transportation that was essential for erect and maintain a centralized kingdom for more than three thousand years in a fertile strip surrounded by desert. In the Old Kingdom period (c. 2700–2200 BC), the Egyptians built seven enormous pyramids representing approximately 25 million tons of rock cut, transported and fitted in less than 150 years. How they did it remains a mystery. In that period the pharaohs they ordered stone blocks to be moved at a rate equivalent to 50 tons per hour sustained for decades. There are several hypothesesbut none are satisfactory enough to explain that performance, especially at the beginning. The origin of everything is in Saqqara: the Step Pyramid of Pharaoh Djoser It is the oldest of the great pyramids and the first built entirely of carved stone. This is precisely where a multidisciplinary team proposes for the first time that water was the driving force of its construction. The hydraulic hypothesis. What the research team led by Xavier Landreau proposes is a kind of hydraulic elevator formed by three large structures from the Zoser complex. The Gisr el-Mudir functioned as a retention dam, the southern Dry Trench was the settling tank and the twin shafts (connected by a 200 meter underground tunnel) constituted the lifting mechanism: a huge float that would have raised the blocks from inside the pyramid in cycles of filling and emptying. Water from the desert wadis was channeled and filtered before reaching the vertical wells. When filled, the water buoyantly raised a platform on which the blocks rested, allowing them to be deposited on the upper levels without the need for external ramps and with less labor effort. Why is it important. Firstly, because it provides a coherent functional explanation for three structures at Saqqara whose purpose was not entirely clear. The analysis brings together hydrology, archeology and civil engineering to integrate all these elements into a unified and logical system, possibly making the Saqqara complex the oldest hydraulic infrastructure in history. If the hypothesis is confirmed, it would leave behind the hegemonic belief of ramps and a large amount of labor as a universal solution for building pyramids. A hydraulic lifting system implies efficient management of resources, energy and logistics, by significantly reducing labor. Additionally, it involves even more advanced knowledge of hydraulics. The next question is clear: are there more pyramids in Egypt built like this? Context. Saqqara is on a limestone plateau west of the Nile. How the research team mappedto the west of the complex there was a potential watershed of 400 square kilometers linked to the wadi Taflah, an ancient tributary of the Nile already documented on 18th century maps. This point is important because although today it is a desert plateau, studies of sediments from the complex itself show that during the reign of Djoser the area received intense seasonal runoffwith enough kinetic energy to deposit sediments of water origin inside the structures. In short, there was water available and in quantity. Other historical hypotheses. The most consolidated theories about the construction of the pyramids point to ramps with different geometries combined with levers and sleds. For Giza for example, Jean-Pierre Houdin proposed an interior spiral ramp. For Saqqara, studies collected in the paper itself suggest that the Dry Pit was the main limestone quarry, with short ramps on each side as a supply mechanism. As for the twin wells, the dominant interpretation until now was funerary: the royal tomb of Djoser and the abode of his ka. As for the dry grave, it was considered a quarry or had a ritual function. How have they done it. This research team has not excavated anything: it has combined satellite images of Airbus Pléiadeselevation models from the French IGN and the QGIS GIS to reconstruct the paleohydrology of the environment. From here, they generated 3D models of the complex’s internal architecture with quite popular commercial software such as SolidWorks or SketchUp. Regarding the hydraulic mechanism, they developed their own deliberately simple numerical model to estimate the water consumption and carrying capacity of the system. Yes, but. Using existing data has been both its greatest strength and also its greatest virtue, as the team recognizes. That is, although their study integrates basin topography, hydraulics and internal architecture, they have not accessed the wells or dated the sediments directly. On the other hand, from the perspective of the study of Egypt, stating that the wells are not funerary contradicts decades of consolidated interpretation. On the other hand, it raises a structural question: if those who made the first pyramids in Egypt mastered this hydraulic technology, why are the pyramids after Giza increasingly smaller and poorer? In Xataka | China’s first pipeline network is 4,000 years old and something revolutionary: it was built without the need for kings or nobles In Xataka | What we see in Petra is a city “carved in stone”: what it really hides is an amazing water system Cover | Charles J Sharp

If the question is how long do we have to use AI to become lazy, the answer is: a sigh

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Ten minutes. It is the time it takes for AI to have a negative effect on our ability to reason and solve problems, or at least that is what they have concluded in a new study in which they have measured how the use of AI assistants not only improves immediate performance, but also reduces persistence and worsens performance when we do not have access to AI. The study. Researchers from Carnegie Mellon, MIT, UCLA, and Oxford have published a randomized, controlled experiment that measures the impact of using AI on the ability to solve problems independently. In total, more than 1,200 people participated in three different experiments. The researchers’ conclusion goes in the direction of what we have seen in other previous studies: using AI enhances our productivity, but It has a cognitive cost. The experiment. A first experiment was carried out with 354 participants in which they had to solve twelve simple fractions. Some of the participants had a side panel with an AI assistant (GPT 5) that they could use to solve the operations. The curious thing came when their access to the chatbot was removed and they had to answer three more questions without the help of the AI. The result was that people who had used AI made more mistakes in their answers than the control group. The gray part of the graph was when the AI ​​assistant was retired. Fountain: AI Project Confirming results. The researchers did a second experiment in which they duplicated the participants (667) and did a pretest to measure the level. In addition, they added a “placebo” side panel (without AI) to the control group participants, so that there were no interface differences. The results again showed that people who used AI failed more than the control group. There was a third experiment in which reading comprehension problems were asked with 201 participants and the same thing happened again: when AI was removed, that group performed the worst. The key nuance. There is an important detail of the study and that is that they measured how the participants used AI. 61% used it to give them answers directly, while others used it to give them clues or clarifications. The results of this second group were more similar to those of the control group. On the other hand, those who asked for AI solutions as they were failed much more when it was withdrawn. This suggests what we have said above: the negative effect of AI on our cognition. It depends largely on how we use it. Copying answers without questioning is not the same as using them as support in the cognitive process. The new silly box. The fear that technology makes us stupid is not something that has arisen with AI, it happened with the calculator, it has happened with television, with video games and it is happening with cell phones. Although there are studies that point in that direction, there is no clear evidence that technology damages our cognition. However, it is also true that until now we had not had access to technology to which we could delegate all our thinking. Cover image | Xataka In Xataka | Young programmers no longer know how to program: AI is now causing the same thing that the calculator did half a century ago

In 2020, the Government quarantined millions of people. The question is whether he will be able to do it with the 14 Spaniards of the MV Hondius

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If Spain learned anything during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is that when it comes to dealing with crises related to diseases, the borders between health, politics and law become blurred. With the hantavirus outbreak detected aboard the MV Hondius something similar happens. As the ship moves towards the Canary Islands, what began as a health alert turns into something more: reason for political dispute and a legal debate on how to treat the 14 Spaniards (asymptomatic) who travel on the ship. In the background there is a key question: What to do if the time comes, one of them refuses to undergo a quarantine? One word: hantavirus. Until a few days ago, the vast majority of Spaniards (Europeans, in general) did not know what hantavirus. And it’s normal. As remember According to the Ministry of Health, infections due to this virus are usually generated by contact with excrement or saliva of sick rodents and are “relatively uncommon worldwide.” In 2025 in America ‘only’ 229 cases in eight countries. The number of deaths rose to 59 due to the so-called “hantavirus pulmonary syndrome” (HPS). A bumpy ride. Things changed a few days ago, when the outbreak of a serious respiratory illness was reported on board the MV Hondius, a passenger ship that sailed on April 1 from Ushuaia (Argentina) to make a voyage through the South Atlantic with stops at points such as Nightingale Island, Santa Elena or Ascension Island, heading to Cape Verde. Just a few days after starting the voyage, one of the passengers, a Dutch septuagenarian, began to feel fever, diarrhea and headache. His health worsened alarmingly until he died after five days. The body remained on board the ship until April 24, when it disembarked in Saint Helena for repatriation. His wife, also Dutch and 69 years old, did it with him, who after showing similar symptoms ended up dying in a hospital in South Africa. A PCR confirmed the cause: hantavirus infection. Since then other passengers have shown similar discomfort. At the moment the outbreak has left, as far as is known, three deceased and at least another half dozen infected. On Sunday the ship arrived in Cape Verde, which “public safety”refused to moor in the capital. Next stop: Canary Islands. Now the ship continues its voyage towards where it was your final destination: Canary Islands. the ship sailed yesterday of Cape Verde after two key news events occurred. The first came around noon, when Tedros Ahdhanom, director general of the WHO, confirmed via X that the authorities had evacuated the three patients from the ship suspected of suffering from the disease. Their destination is Holland, where they will receive medical assistance. The second arrived from La Moncloawhich has confirmed Spain’s willingness to “meet the WHO’s request” to host the liner in the Canary Islands “once the evacuation of all symptomatic people is completed.” The Dutch shipping company Oceanwide Expeditions, responsible for the MV Hondius, assures that keeps monitored the situation on board the ship and in its last part, published this morning, it guarantees that “there are no people with symptoms on board.” And the controversy broke out. The announcement that the ship is sailing towards the Canary Islands, where it will probably arrive on sundaygenerated considerable debate. Moncloa’s initial plans called for the ship to arrive at the port of Granadilla de Abona, in Tenerife, where the workers soon arrived. threaten a blockade of the terminal. The reason? The staff denounced the lack of information and clear protocols on how they should act in the face of the viral outbreak. In the archipelago he also jumped the debate on whether the region has legal (or at least political) margin to reject the scale. With that backdrop, Health has confirmed today to the Canarian president, Fernando Clavijo, that the MV Hondius will not dock, “it will only anchor” so that passengers can evacuate with the help of boats. The idea is that they will be transferred to the airport, from where they will be repatriated to their respective countries. When the ship left Patagonia it had some 147 travelers of 23 nationalities. Who travels on board? That’s the key. The idea is that, once in the Canary Islands, the passengers are repatriated to their countries; but there are 14 who will not need that operation. The reason? They are Spanish. Specifically, there are 13 passengers and a crew member of Spanish nationality on board the MV Hondius who have opened another debate just as interesting. Once on land the plan goes through transport them on a plane military to the Torrejón de Ardoz air base and, from there, to the Gómez Ulla Defense Hospital. The idea is that they spend a quarantine period in individual rooms. How much exactly? Today it is difficult to know. It is known that the incubation period of the virus is around 45 days, but the question remains as to what day it should start counting. The outbreak probably arose between the 6th and the 28th. “They will remain cared for and will remain in quarantine for as long as the clinical protocols require,” guaranteed on Wednesday the Minister of Health, Mónica García. His department insists that, even if some of the Spanish passengers presented symptoms or had to attend to other patients, the risk for the population “it is considered very low”. The big question. The question that flies over In recent days the ministries of Health and Defense have been… What would happen if any of those 14 Spaniards are reluctant to undergo quarantine? Could they refuse? And in that case, would the State have tools to demand that period of controlled isolation from them, something reminiscent of what happened during the State of alarm of COVID-19? It is not a whimsical question if one takes into account that the Government already has recognized that the will of the patients will be key. In fact Mónica García has appealed directly to “common sense and responsibility” of Spanish … Read more

In two years, pork became 29% cheaper on farms and 7% more expensive in supermarkets. The question is obvious

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When we go to the supermarket for fruit, meat, fish or any other food we find labels that inform us of their prices, but that figure is only the last in a long (and complex) chain of costs in which not all the links move at the same pace. That is the idea that they wanted to emphasize the farmers on account of pork: according to their calculations, they charge 29% less today than in 2024 while the supermarkets sell it to us 7% more expensive. The question is obvious: where is this differential, which according to industry estimates has given a jump of 179%? What has happened? That the Coordinator of Farmers and Ranchers Organizations (COAG) just report “the growing gap” between what farms charge for pork and the prices that end customers end up paying in supermarkets. After analyzing the market for two years (from April 2024 to the same month of 2026) and calculate what is called the Price Index at Origin and Destination (IPOD), the agricultural organization has detected two trends that move in opposite directions in the production chain: while ranchers charge less for their product today than two years ago, supermarkets sell it at a higher price. How much more expensive? COAG assures that in April 2024, farmers received 1.83 euros for each kilo of pork. In April 2026 (latest data available) this indicator had dropped to €1.3/kg. The striking thing is that (always according to COAG data) the “destination price”which the consumer pays in the supermarket, evolved in the opposite direction. From €6.45/kg in 2024, it went to €6.9/kg. What does that mean? Basically, while producers saw the price of their goods decline by 28.9%, the rates at which meat is sold in supermarkets grew by 6.9%. Are there more indicators? Yes. The organization not only records the rates that are charged at one time or another. It also calculates the “farm-supermarket differential,” an indicator that basically shows how wide the margin is that separates both ends of the production chain. Their conclusion is even more revealing: while in 2024 the differential was 252%, last month it rose to 431%. The COAG speaks already of “a growing and unjustified gap between what the rancher charges and what the final consumer pays” in the supermarket. “The data show that the drop in the price at origin has not been passed on to the consumer at any time. Quite the opposite: while the rancher was suffering a continued drop in income throughout 2025 and early 2026, the price in the supermarket not only remained stable, but continued to grow,” argues the coordinator, who denounces the effect of this double trend: “A net transfer of income from the producer to the distribution chain and the meat industry.” What do the supermarkets say? Coincidence or not, the COAG report It comes just a few days after Asedas, the Spanish Association of Distributors, Self-service and Supermarkets, publicly complained of the “systematic distortions” and “simplistic approaches” that are often used when analyzing the prices that govern the different phases of the production chain. A speech that “generates confusion” and leads to thinking about “hidden intermediaries.” “There are no abusive margins, the price of the final product is fully justified by real costs, risks assumed and investments made,” they argue from the association, which has presented a study precisely on how to “precisely” compare origin-destination prices. In the analysis, prepared by Manuel Hidalgo, professor of Economics at the Pablo de Olavide University, it is appointment among others the IPOD made by COAG. “It constitutes the most paradigmatic example of how a methodologically deficient approach can generate distorted perceptions about the real functioning of the agri-food chain.” What do they argue? The study signed by Hidalgo warns that the IPOD, “far from providing clarity to the debate, introduces significant distortions” and is based on “a conceptually erroneous premise: the idea that the agri-food chain can be analyzed through a simple binary comparison between two points.” The economist warns of “value creation processes” and remember that more actors than farms and supermarkets participate in the chain that brings food from the fields to the tables. Throughout the report, Hidalgo denounces other errors, such as comparing the lowest prices at origin with “the highest observed” on the shelves, that there are comparisons based on unrepresentative samples or that gross margin and net profit are wrongly equated. And what do they propose then? Alternatively, the economist poses a calculation formula that exemplifies with several products. One of them is olive oil, which is tracked from its price at origin (€2.35/l) to that applied in stores (€7.5/l). In between, it indicates the transformation and distribution phases, during which the oil incorporates an “added value” of €5.15 and a commercial margin. “This increase is not speculation, but the sum of necessary services,” concludes the analysis, presented by Asedas and Caea. What’s happening with the market? Beyond the interpretations of some and others about where the margin of money that separates what is paid on farms and in supermarkets ends, one thing is clear: the Spanish pork market is going through a complex moment. Farmers have been greatly affected by the cases of African swine fever detected at the end of last year in Catalonia, which made China ban the entry gender from Barcelona. In general, the data from the Interporc employer association show that in 2025 exports generally fell by 3.4% annually, dragging down turnover, which contracted by 300 million euros. The impact of swine fever it didn’t take long in letting yourself feel with price drops and the search for new markets. A complex scenario that, months later, was followed by the hangover from the Iran war, which, as in many other sectors (including agricultural ones) was felt with an increase in price of fuels. With this backdrop, and for the sake of a more precise ‘photo’ of what is happening with prices, COAG demands something else from the Government: that it publish updated … Read more

If the question is how much an employee would have to work to earn the same as a manager, we have the answer: a century

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The wealth gap between the richest and the poorest is skyrocketing around the world. There are people whose salary in a single year far exceeds what any other average job could earn by working their entire life. It’s not an exaggeration: it’s what the numbers show. A report of Oxfam Intermón and the International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC), analyzes the salary data of 1,500 large companies in 33 countries and quantifies the difference between what an average worker earns and what he earns a senior manager in Spain: That gap is no longer measured in years of salary, it is measured in centuries. A century of work to earn the same. According to data from the Oxfam report, in Spain, the general directors of the 12 largest companies in the country earned an equivalent average remuneration in 2025 98 times the national average salary. That means that an employee in Spain with an average gross salary in Spain of between 27,300 and 31,600 euros would have to work almost an entire century to accumulate what one of those senior managers earns in a single year. The data in the report is in line with what was included in the fourteenth edition of the remuneration report that published The Countrywhich stated that the annual salary received by the managers of Ibex 35 companies was 103 times higher than that of their employees. A gap that has become an abyss. The problem is that the gap is not only enormous, but it is widening every year and risks becoming an unbridgeable abyss. The average compensation of CEOs grew by 16% in the last year, while the average salary of workers in Spain it only increased 3.6% in 2025. At a global level the figure is not much better, since the real salary of workers globally fell by 12% between 2019 and 2025 due to inflation and wage stagnation. What happens in the rest of the world. The data from the report shows that, on a global scale, the situation is not very different, and the 1,500 highest-paid CEOs in the world earned an average of 8.4 million dollars in 2025, compared to 7.6 million the previous year. That represents an increase of 11% in real terms. For an average worker to accumulate that same salary, they would need to work 490 years non-stop. Meanwhile, the real salary what the worker receives average taking inflation into account, barely rose 0.5% between 2024 and 2025. That means that the highest paid executives improved their income 20 times faster than your employees. Real salaries, in free fall since 2019. The data on workers is worrying in itself, regardless of any comparison. Since 2019, workers’ real salaries have fallen by 12% worldwide, which is equivalent to having worked 108 days without pay between 2019 and 2025, 31 of them in the last year alone. Although the study shows that productivity per worker has grown by 51% since 2004, the part of GDP that goes to salaries has been reduced by 2 percentage points in that same period. Miguel Alba, head of Inequality and the Private Sector at Oxfam Intermón, pointed out that: “The remuneration of senior managers in large companies reaches exorbitant dimensions, very far from what ordinary people earn to cover living expenses.” Extreme wealth and a demand for change. The report also points to the growth of large fortunes as part of the same phenomenon. In Spain, the billionaire wealth It increased by 29.5% in the last year, representing 13.8% of GDP, distributed among 44 billionaires. In contrast, the average net wealth of Spanish households only grew by 3% between the end of 2022 and the end of 2024, according to data from the Bank of Spain collected in the report. On a global scale, among the largest beneficiaries of dividends in 2025 are Bernard Arnault, owner of LVMH, with $3.8 billion, and Amancio Ortega with 3.7 billion dollars (3,234 million euros). Faced with this scenario of extreme differences, Oxfam Intermón and the ITUC call on governments to limit the remuneration of senior managers, to tax the richest more fairly and to guarantee that minimum salaries are updated in line with inflation to ensure that employees do not lose purchasing power. In Xataka | Low salaries have ruined the job satisfaction of Spaniards: only 28.7% are satisfied with their job Image | Unsplash (Muhammad Sultan Ali, Ruthson Zimmerman)

If the question is how to stop the bleeding of emptied Spain, in Cantabria they are clear: subsidizing festivals with bulls

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If you have learned anything ‘Spain emptied’ At this point there are no magic recipes against depopulation. In recent years, the administrations of that rural Spain that is gradually emptying have tried everything, often without success: from offering free employment and housing to assume the management of basic services, such as gas stations and stores. Now in Cantabria they have decided to add a new strategy against rural exodus to that list: subsidize bullfighting celebrations. At the moment the measure does not seem to have served to attract new neighbors. What it is generating is controversy. A cape for bullfighting. To understand the controversy we must go back to April 28, when the Official Gazette of Cantabria (BOC) published a call of subsidies from the Ministry of the Presidency. It basically announces a sum of 41,000 euros to “promote bullfighting in rural areas.” For this purpose, the Government offers to cover up to 90% of the expenses of the festivals that revolve around the bull, with amounts that range between 2,000 and 14,500 euros, depending on whether they are bullfights, bullfights, bullfights or other “popular celebrations.” It matters what… and it matters where. So far nothing exceptional. Spain has been immersed for years in a debate (sometimes bronco) on bullfighting and whether or not it should be supported with public funds, but the Cantabrian initiative does not stand out precisely for its budget. In 2025, without going any further, the Community of Madrid approved a game of 1.7 million of euros to support the Bull Festival. What is striking about the Cantabrian case is that its objective is not only to support the ‘national holiday’. In fact, that is not even the main argument made in the call of the BOC. Its purpose is another: to fight against depopulation. The subsidies are specifically directed at the 41 municipalities of the community at “risk of depopulation” and their objective appears clearly described in the official bulletin: “Encourage the aforementioned local entities to have resources that energize their social and economic life, such as bullfighting shows.” In short, use the bullfights, bullfights, bullfights, bullfights and other shows with bulls to revitalize the economy and establish population. “Put them on the map”. In case there were any doubts, the counselor of the Presidency, Isabel Urrutia, recalled a few days ago that last year the Cantabrian Government financed bullfighting celebrations in four small municipalities of Cantabria, which in his opinion allowed “to put them in the focus of the bullfighting world.” “We help with small aid to fight against depopulation and put these municipalities on the map, many of them with a great tradition of bullfighting. The aid is fulfilling its objective,” argues the counselor after remembering the case of Pesaguero: the town has 400 inhabitants, but in 2025 1,800 fans attended its bullfighting show. What exactly do they subsidize? Low the argument that bullfighting can become a “stimulator of social and economic life”, the Cantabrian Government offers to assume up to 90% of the expenses of organizing the festivities, as long as they do not exceed certain limits: 14,500 euros in the case of bullfights or bullfighting, 10,000 if we are talking about bullfights with picadors or bullfighting of bulls, 6,000 for bullfights without picadors, calves or festivals and 2,000 for similar shows. “To award aid, the Government will take into account the classification of the municipality as being at serious risk of depopulation or special and differentiating treatment for this reason, and also the type of show or celebration,” duck the regional executive. Although it recognizes that there are 41 municipalities that meet the depopulation requirements to qualify for aid, in 2025 only bullfighting shows were subsidized in four town halls of the region: Pesaguero, Tudanca, Rasines and Bárcena de Pie de Concha. In 2024 there was one more, Molledo. This would be the third consecutive year in which subsidies have been announced that, they insist From the regional government, they are fulfilling the objective with which they were set. Opinion division. Not everyone thinks the same. The Franz Weber Foundation has questioned that the initiative really serves to strengthen the economy of those localities or combat rural exodus, and provides data as proof: the number of residents who have won the subsidized town councils can be counted on the fingers of one hand. Literally. “Four inhabitants in three years”, resume the organization, which estimates the funds mobilized between all the calls at 132,000 euros. The tables from the INE confirm that Bárcena de Pie de Concha only gained one neighbor between 2023 and 2025 and Rasines another five. Pesaguero and Tudanca lost population. “They neither fix population nor suppose a real dynamic activity,” ditch the foundation. “The autonomous Executive has dedicated around 132,000 euros since 2024 under this excuse, but the population reality in the municipalities awarded in different calls shows an evident inability to have a positive impact.” In your opinionthe real purpose of the Cantabrian Government is another: “Support bullfighting using subterfuges such as depopulation.” Images | Alex-David Baldi (Flickr) and Arild Andersen (Flickr) In Xataka | The great debate about the future of bullfighting is not in Spain, but in an unexpected country: South Korea

If the question is how many websites has AI generated, the answer begins to explain the new internet

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Creating a website has never been just one thing. For years, for many users it meant choosing between fighting with tools like FrontPage, hiring someone who knew how to design, or settling for other types of solutions. Later, templates and visual editors began to gain ground, lowering the barrier to entry. Now we are witnessing a new change thanks to tools such as Lovable either Vercel v0which promise to turn a description into something publishable in just a few minutes. The AI ​​leap. The intuition that AI is gaining weight in the new web already has a concrete figure on the table. This is what the study points out “The impact of AI-generated text on the Internet“, signed by researchers from Stanford, Imperial College London and Internet Archive. The work places the percentage of new websites analyzed classified as generated or assisted by AI at around 35% by mid-2025. Before the launch of ChatGPTat the end of 2022, that percentage was zero in the study sample. The speed of change, rather than the isolated data, is what makes it relevant. How they measured it. To arrive at that figure, researchers worked with the Internet Archive and analyzed monthly samples of sites between August 2022 and May 2025. In each case they searched for the oldest archived copy available on the Wayback Machine, downloaded the HTML, and extracted the text for processing separately. They then tested several detection tools and chose Pangram v3which was the one that offered the highest detection rate in its tests. Some of the pages published by the Lovable community The result. The research found a website with “a decrease in semantic diversity and an increase in positive sentiment.” Do you mean that all this is positive? You can depend on the angle at which you look at it. The same text warns that “as AI text becomes more common on the Internet, the range of unique ideas and diverse points of view is reduced.” An expanding industry. What the study shows has not appeared out of nowhere. An industry of its own is being consolidated around this promise of creating a website with less friction, with tools designed for very different users: from those who need a simple page for a business to those who want to prototype an idea quickly. Wise Guy Reports Data They place the market for tools to create websites with AI at 3.1 billion dollars in 2024 and project it to reach 25 billion in 2035. The direction of travel seems clear: publishing is becoming increasingly accessible. What’s coming. In web creation, AI is already moving pieces, and professional design does not seem to be immune to that change. That doesn’t mean it’s going to put an end to web designers or that all projects can be solved with generative tools. There are products, brands, stores and services that will continue to need criteria, architecture, design, maintenance that is less semantically diverse and more positive overall, and a technical layer that is not so easily resolved. However, it makes sense to think that professionals will also end up relying on these AI tools to speed up parts of the process. Images | campaign In Xataka | Kimi Code is eight times cheaper than Claude Code and does 75% of your work. The question is whether it is enough

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