knew

We knew that the space spheres were at some point in the universe. We have a new theory about its origin

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The universe is full of spherical objects: stars, planets, black holes and a part of the satellites that we can find in our environment have more or less round shapes. However, there are other types of spheres (or rather other types), spheres that are not formed of compact matter but whose circular nature can be captured by our instruments. Teleios. A few days ago, an international team led by researchers at the Western Sydney University announced The discovery of a unique object spherical located in our own galaxy. Although the main hypothesis about the origin of this object is in the outbreak of an IA type supernova, the team admitted that some pieces did not fit. This leaves the door open to different possibilities. One of the details we know about this object is that it can be detected “almost exclusively” in radio frequencies, something not so conventional in this type of objects. This and other details of the discovery make the object an immense enigma. An enigma that does not even escape its location. The problem of distance. We know that this sphere is found at a not very large distance from our solar system, inside the Milky Way. The problem is that the team responsible for its study has only been able to delimit two possible distances to which the object could be found: either at around 7,175 years-years of us, or about 25,114 light years of our location. This has an obvious involvement and we don’t know what size this sphere is either. If we assume that it is located at the closest point, its size would be about 45.7 light years in diameter. However, it could also be further and be larger: it would be more than 156.6 light years of length if it was found in the farthest location contemplated. Unknown age. The size is in turn a temporary implication. Being an explosion, the object would have formed from inside out, as an expansive wave. That is, if the radius of this explosion is longer, we would be facing a burst occurred longer than if we were watching a shorter radius. The team’s estimates indicate that, if located at the closest point, the supernova that this remnant would have left would have been given less than one millennium; While if it was about the location, we would be talking about an event that occurred more than 10,000 years ago. The problem of X -rays. One of the enigmas that surrounds Teleios has to do with the X -rays or, rather, with the absence of these. The models used by the equipment suggest that the remnants of a supernova as the detected should emit radiation not only in radio frequencies but also in X -rays. IAX type supernovae. The fact that this is not the case has led the team to raise a somewhat different hypothesis: that it is not the remnants of a Ia supernova but of a IAX type. The IAX supernovas are a subtype of the former. The IA Supernovas occur in binary systems dominated by a white dwarf star that absorbs the subject of its companion star until reaching a critical mass that leads it to explode. The explosions of this type of supernovas are very predictable: as they always explode when reaching the same critical conditions, these supernovas shine with a predictable intensity. But not always: There are cases in which the outbreak is lower speed and luminosity. Something that makes these supernovae unique is that they leave behind a important remnanta “zombie star” that we cannot find in conventional supernovae. This hypothesis however poses another problem, and for this to be the case, Teleios would have to be much closer to our planet than the estimates of the team itself posed. As noted, none of the hypotheses raised can answer all the issues raised by this enigmatic object, so more observations will be necessary and determine exactly what we have in front. Askap. The finding of G305.4–2.2, another designation for teleIos, was made in the context of the creation of the evolutionary map of the universe or EMU (Evolutionary Map of the Universe), A work done by the Askap Observatory (Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder). The team recently sent an article to the magazine Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia detailing the details of the finding. The drafteven under review, it can be consulted through the repository Arxiv. ORCS. In recent years it has been done relatively common Topar with strange circular objects with a certain resemblance to teleIos. Some of these objects are usually classified as a strange circle of radio or orcs (Odd Radio Circles), A name that already accounts for the strangeness they generate in astronomers. These circles usually occur in the Intergalactic space So the scale in which they are given is different from that of Teleios. Initially cataloged as Supernovas, these circles still consider an important enigma for astronomers. In Xataka | We have a new explanation for dark matter. We have found it in superconductivity Image | SUPERNOVA TYCHO, NASA/CXC/SAO/JPL-CALTECH/MPIA/HIGH CALAR/O. Krause et al.

We knew that LaLiga IPS blocks have been massive and indiscriminate. What we didn’t know was to what extent

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In the last three months There are many users and companies that have complained about indiscriminate blockages of IPS Sorted by LaLiga. Analysis had already appeared that these blockages They affected thousands of websitesbut in reality its dimension is much greater. 2.7 million affected domains. Jaume Pons (@jaumepons), Systems administrator, it has been monitoring how LaLiga IPS blocks have affected various domains and websites. In its last analysis, it highlights how on the last weekend league day it reveals that in total 2,699,517 .com, .net and .org domains have been affected. This expert has also published the listings with all the affected domains. Thousands of domains .es. The parallel analysis of this expert during the weekend revealed how only Saturday afternoon-even from the celebration of Barça-Madrid) on Sunday They affected 15,432 domains .esthat again they were inaccessible to Spanish Internet users. They are Digi data. We have been able to talk to Jaume Pons and explained that his analysis focuses on the blockages that end up being managed by the DIGI operator, which is the one he has hired. In other operators the situation may be different. A massive analysis. This systems administrator explained the analysis process, which begins with A petition to Icann of the DNS zones of the domains that this organism manages (.com, .net,, org, among the main ones). There are about 300 million, but Pons then focuses on those who point to the cloudflare DNS, which makes the list reduce about 16-17 million. Crossing data. From there it is possible to make a tracking by solving those DNS to know what IPS these domains point to. When doing Digi requests it is possible to detect if it appears The typical warning message which shows the temporary block warning or not. And in doing so the domains of the original list that have effectively have been blocked by DIGI during the emissions of the LaLiga matches are confirmed. The complete analysis process is completed in about two hours, and allows us to understand the enormous dimension of the problem. Very visited websites are inaccessible. Pons himself explains that the Builtwith platform creates a list with the million most important domains per traffic every month. Laliga IPS blockades affected this weekend 21,914 domains of those who integrate that list. Among the examples are many electronic commerce stores that may undoubtedly have suffered economic and reputational losses. Among those affected, Steam and X (Twitter). But there have also been platforms like Steam or X (Before Twitter) with which users have had problems. So much In that social network as In Reddit Messages appeared indicating how some games of games and even saved games disappeared from the Steam Deck. Incalculable economic and reputational damage. The damage to users and companies is perpetuated with these blockages. We already talked to several of those affected, and in one of the cases it was indicated how the blockages had caused that of the 70,000 euros per month they entered had come to enter about 40,000. A list of affected collects estimates of losses by these companies, and those who have signed up already claim to have lost More than a quarter of a million euros Because of these blockages. The season ends. The blockages will foreseeably end when LaLiga ends at the end of May, but until then users will continue to suffer those problems of access to hundreds of thousands of websites. The question, of course, is whether these blockages They will continue to be produced When you start next season. Damage to third parties continues. It doesn’t matter that affected web domains have greater or lesser traffic: Damage to third parties existsand we are always talking about legitimate domains and websites. At the moment justice still does not act, and in fact rejected the request for nullity of the sentence that allows LaLiga to continue ordering those blockages. Image | LaLiga In Xataka | LaLiga has found the best way to beat Cloudflare: ally with its competition

This hacker began to collaborate with the secret service after being arrested. What nobody knew is that he kept stealing big

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In the summer of 2003, a routine investigation for a series of robberies in Manhattan led to unexpected finding. An undercover agent of the New York Police Department followed a young man who behaved suspiciously and observed him for several minutes in the lobby of an ATM. I was extracting money with one card after another, All of them falsifiedtaking advantage of the day change to overcome the daily limits of withdrawal. That scene was just the tip of the iceberg of a much more complex criminal network, as detailed years later The New York Times. That young man was called Albert Gonzalez, although on the Internet he preferred to hide After alias as “Soupnazi”. What he did was known in the criminal forums as “CASHING OUT“: Use cloned cards to get cash before banks could react. His detention opened the door to an unprecedented operation. The agents discovered that he stored millions of card numbers on their computer and that, in addition to executing fraud, it had detailed knowledge about cybercrime techniques. Gonzalez was not any criminal The role of this individual in the community of cyber criminals was highlighted: he exercised as a moderator in Shadowcrew, a forum that centralized the exchange of stolen banking data, tools for falsifying cards and advice to exploit vulnerabilities in the financial system. When it was arrested, As NPR points out, He chose to collaborate with the authoritieswhich allowed him to dodge an immediate conviction and become an informant of the Electronic Crimes Unit of the Secret Service. For months, he collaborated in an undercover operation within Shadowcrew and facilitated an international maneuver that culminated in October 2004 with 28 arrested in several countries. The operation, Baptized as Firewallbecame a reference for cybercrime investigations. But the story did not end there. While working for the Government, Gonzalez parallelly built a much more ambitious criminal network. Using various techniques, it accessed internal systems of large American clothing and distribution chains such as TJX (owner of TJ Maxx and Marshalls), Offemax (stationery and office material) or DSW (footwear). Justice data indicate that he and his collaborators stole more than 40 million numbers of credit and debit cards. These intrusions included the installation of “sniffer” programs capable of capturing in real time the data of the cards used in point of sale. The numbers were subsequently encoded on virgin cards and used to remove cash in ATMs. Arrested in the middle of the Firewall operation The final jump came with the use of the SQL injection technique, which allowed to remotely access databases from web forms. With her, Gonzalez and her team They managed to infiltrate Companies servers such as Heartland Payment Systems, one of the main payments processors in the United States. The attack committed the data of millions of transactionsaffecting more than 250 financial entities, and went down in history as the greatest robbery of cards recorded until then. This was detailed by the United States Department of Justice in an official statement issued in 2009. Chains such as 7-Eleven (convenience stores) and Hannaford Brothers (supermarkets) were also affected. Albert González While collaborating with the day authorities, at night he continued to send stolen databases through contacts in Eastern Europe. He used ghost companies, opaque transfer systems and mules to bleach millions. He even sold committed information to hackers who were being investigated, thus feeding new lines of accusation. Finally, after a series of key arrests and the tracking of an email account linked to their old alias, the agents closed the fence. He was arrested in 2008 at a Hotel in Miami. Shortly after, he led researchers to a bidon buried at their parents’ house With more than one million dollars in cash. American justice condemned in 2010 to 20 years and one day in prison for crimes of conspiracy, computer fraud, aggravated identity theft and money laundering. It also imposed two fines of $ 25,000 each, which total a total of $ 50,000, and three years of freedom guarded. The ruling grouped the causes presented in Massachusetts, New Jersey and New York. Albert Gonzalez, who, According to Podcast Malicious Life and The New York Timeshad come to hack NASA being a teenager and had caught the attention of the FBI, ended up becoming one of the greatest traitors of the hacker ecosystem and a key figure to understand the evolution of cybercrime in the era of electronic commerce. On September 19, 2023, he ceased to be in custody of the Federal Bureau of Prisons, As stated in the records of the American prison system with the number 25702-050. Since then, his trail has become discreet, as if he tried to definitely move away from his past. Images | Screen capture | Secret service (1, 2) In Xataka | Some users are using OPENAI O3 and O4-Mini to find out the location of photos: it is a nightmare for privacy

Apple had already lost the battle of alternative apps. Altstore just knew the last blow

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The war between Altstore and Apple is a story of victories for alternative stores. In April 2024 we tried ALTSTORE PALthe first alternative to App Store that reached iOS after the entry into force of the European DMA. Although the store had been available since 2019, being able to settle from a computer. The app developers have just tightened the forearm on this pulse against Apple. The application store now allows you to install something even more curious than a console emulator: an app store. The beginnings of Altstore. To understand Altstore’s victory, it is convenient to meet his recent past. In 2019 Altstore was publishedan alternative store for the iPhone. The objective was clear and completely outside what Apple considered in its terms of use: allowing users to download emulators. The installation method was simple, although it required a PC. We had to download a .dmg in the MAC that acted as an installation server for the apps store. Made the process, and notifying Apple that Altstore came from “a non -reliable developer”, the application could be installed. One of its main limitations had to do with the development environment of the emulators. In iOS, JIT is needed (a compiler that allows optimizing its drastic performance), a tool that Apple did not allow in this type of apps. Apple responded with forcefulness. Apple didn’t take too long in Block some of the emulators that Altstore brought to his operating system. The company, since its inception, has been against emulation, Eliminating even your application store Those who have been published. With the arrival of the new digital market regulations, Emulators were no longer prohibited in App Store. Because, downloading a copy of a non -lawful game is illegal, but playing your own copies in an emulator does not violate any law. It is a ball that remains on each user’s roof. The first great victory. In the middle of the storm, Altstore managed to get a font after the entry into force of the DMA. The app could be installed without major problem From the iPhone and its developers signed alliances with giants like Epic Games. The latter allowed Altstore to become completely free. The door opened not only to emulators, but also to clipboard apps, apps for download torrents, and even virtualization of classic operating systems such as Windows 95. A store … that is installed from the store. When euphoria seemed to be able to go anymore, Altstore has moved again. At the beginning of this piece we talked about JIT, the key compiler to execute the Altstore apps. The app developers have returned the classic Altstore to iOS. An alternative store that can be installed … from the alternative store itself. In other words: Altstore Classic can be installed from Altstore. Beyond tongue twisters, this is one of the biggest victories of an Apple apps store. The reason? The classic Altstore allows the same thing that allowed the original app in 2019: install the apps that Apple did not want. Image | Xataka In Xataka | Alternative stores in iOS have an overwhelming advantage over Android. One that changes everything

We knew that the olive trees were very old trees. What we did not imagine is that they arrived at 4,000 years of age

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The olive tree is undoubtedly one of the most iconic trees in the Mediterranean basin. The olive groves have populated the fields of southern Europe and the Levante since time immemorial, but such is the longevity of this species that the history of some of these trees also goes back, at least to antiquity. An example of this is the Vauves olivelocated on the Greek island of Crete. Conservative estimates throw this tree about 2,000 years. This would imply that in his life he could be a mute witness of events such as the division of the Roman Empire, the fall of Biscay and the Ottoman Empire and, of course, the birth of contemporary Greece. Broader estimates calculate that this tree could reach 4,000 years of age. This would not only do it contemporary of figures such as Pythagoras, Aristotle or Alexander the Great but also implied that this plant was born in the Crete Minoica and it was Witness of the collapse of the late bronze ageone of the most intriguing events that occurred at the dawn of history as and how we understand it. But perhaps the most surprising detail of all this is that the olive tree of Vouves continues to bear fruit. This has led many to wonder, how is it possible? What makes this specimen already its species in general so long? The olive tree (Olea Europea) has a life expectancy that, although it does not become ancient, does exceed several centuries. It is estimated that the life expectancy of the trees of this species Round the five centuriesalthough there is some debate about it. In this sense, A study published in 2021 In the magazine Dendrochronologyestimated that the majority of “monumental olive trees” had maximum ages that ranged between 300 and 500 years. Estimating the age of an olive tree is difficult. We indicated at the beginning that the estimates of the age of this millenary tree ranged between 2,000 and 4,000 years, a very wide fork precisely because of the difficulty that involves calculating the age of these trees. Dendrocronology is based on using the growth rings of tree trunks to estimate their age: how many rings, so many years. Counting rings in a carved copy is simple, but doing it in a living tree and doing it in an olive tree is already another song. The trunks of the olive trees grow irregularly, which implies a seemingly chaotic pattern in the rings inside, making the count especially difficult as pointed out A study published in 2013 In the magazine Plos One. His curious growth could be related to his longevity. According to Scott Travers, Biologist at Rutgers University, In an article for Forbesone of the “Secrets” behind longevity of these trees is in vegetative or clonal reproduction. That is, in the fact that this tree consists of various cuttings that start from the same root. This, adds Travers, allows this type of plants to survive extreme conditions, including similar fires, cuts and incidents. Another of the tricks for survival, Continue explaining traversIt is in the biochemistry of the tree, which offers mechanisms that allow repairing damaged tissues, as well as defending against pathogenic organisms. The same oil that humans take advantage of by the tree that gives us through its fruits. The elders of our environment Spain also has ancient olive trees, although we do want to find a tree that competes in age with the olive tree of vouves, we have to go to Portugal. It would be an olive tree located in Abrantesin the center of Portugal. According to a study conducted by the University of Trás-Montes and Alto Douro (Utad), Mouchão It would be the tree that would have this record with an age that would be around 3,350 years. Spain also has ancient olive trees and among all of them stands out The Arión Fargaa tree that we can find in the province of Tarragona. The estimated age of this olive tree is more than 1,700 years. This implies that this millenary tree would have been planted at the time of Emperor Constantine I. Olives are not the only millenary tree species in our environment. Cedros, Secuoyas and even Dragos Canarios can also reach ages that would pale the biblical matusalem. The olive trees are trees with a long life expectancy but do not usually fill the lists of the longest trees on the planet. The two longest -known non -cloned trees are two pines called Prometheus and Matusalemto which ages are estimated above 4,000 years. Both belong (or belonged in the case of Prometheus) to the species Pinus Longaevathe “long -lived pine” so it is not completely surprising this fact. When Prometheus was cut, the botanists who analyzed him told more than 4,800 rings, so he was estimated at an age of about 4,900 years. Estimates indicate that Matusalem has also surpassed for decades The 4800 -year -old brand. If we include clonal organisms we can find older trees. For example, the Pando forestconsidered the largest living organism on the planet, composed of thousands of cuttings of the same clonic tree, could have close to 80,000 years old According to some estimates. In Xataka | A retiree planted a tree in 2003 in one of the most dangerous areas of Sao Paulo. Today is an amazing “jungle” of the city Image | Eric Nagle, CC by-SA 4.0

We knew that Holy Week was going to be complicated. What we didn’t know is that a polar dough was going to complicate it even more

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That Holy Week was going to be complicated, we already knew it. What we did not suspect is that, taking advantage of the absence of high pressures, they were going to strain on the whole peninsula A series of polar masses That not only They are going to erase all trace from Borrasca Olivierbut the country’s temperatures will collapse. What comes from Greenland. As Victor Gonzalez explainedin the next few hours “a very cold air tongue in medium-high layers will take off from the immediate vicinity of Greenland” and “will cause a sharp change of time.” It is logical, the storm that now affected us (Olivier) came from the Canary Islands with a southern air upstage that contributed to soften temperatures. Polar mass It will move The storm (which will still leave showers and storms) and will knock the thermometers. So what can we expect from Holy Week? Aemet He has just published An update about the time of the week that begins. Monday 14: The models expect rainfall (locally strong and occasionally with a storm) in Galicia that “will be extended by the rest of the Atlantic aspect weak or moderate.” In the Mediterranean, we are likely to meet intense stormy showers and wind gusts. In addition, temperatures will fall throughout the country (except in the Cantabrian, where they will rise). Tuesday 15 and Wednesday 16: The rains of the Atlantic facade was a front that preceded the entrance of a polar mass that will collapse temperatures. The snow level, in fact, will remain between 900 and 1,200 in much of the northwest. Generalized rain is expected in much of the country. Thursday 17 and Saturday 19: PAt the end of the week, the situation will tend to stabilize. However, everything seems to indicate that a new storm in Galicia will begin to enter and gradually will spread through the northwestern third of the Peninsula. Sunday 20 and Monday 21: Although the uncertainty is high, it is “probable that rainfall continues throughout the northern part of the Peninsula, in the Balearic Islands and in part of the east. It is not ruled out that some of these showers can be very intense. There are no changes on the horizon? The truth is not. Atmospheric circulation does not show great changes and that not only guarantees us a few unusually fresh days, but also makes front and storms continue. It doesn’t hurt to remember that The monthly forecast of the ECMWF is bet “For an extremely rainy April in the southwest quadrant and peninsular downtown area, with wet anomalies of up to 50 l/m2 compared to the average in Western Andalusia, Sierra de Gredos and locally in the community of Madrid.” That is, although It is not clear what will happenwe better get used to the rains. Spring continues to delay. Image | ANDCMWF In Xataka | Time at Holy Week 2025: The best websites and apps to know what time you will have on your vacation

In 1643, Descartes created one of the most important theorems of geometry. We knew he was right, but we didn’t know why. Until now

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In 1643, René Descartes wrote a letter to Princess Isabel del Palatinado in which she simplified a classic problem of Western geometry and offered a solution: the so -called ‘Descartes theorem’; that, according to the famous problem that Frederick Soddy published in 1936 in Natureit can be summarized as “the sum of the squares of the four curvatures is half the square of its sum in figures.” Basically, he found a relationship between the radios of four mutually tangent circles. The problem is that the French philosopher did not explain the reasoning behind that relationship and, in fact, he never managed to find a general formula for more than four circles. His intuition is that this solution existed, but was not able to find it. That has brought mathematicians since then. A couple of years ago Daniel Mathews and Orion Zymaris, from the Australian University of Monash, They decided to try With a radically new approach. What if we use tools of theoretical physics? That was the question that was asked: As Héctor Farrés explainedinstead of pulling the tools of conventional geometry, they began to play with ‘thorn’ (a type of objects of theoretical physics that need a 720 degree turn to return to their natural position). “We use a version of thorn developed by Roger Penrose and Wolfgang Rindler, which applied to the theory of relativity,” The authors said. In this way they achieved ‘re-conceptualize’ circles as algebraic entities that can suffer from geometric transformations. That was the key to obtaining a general formula to be able to describe increasingly complex groups of mutually tangent circles. Why is it interesting? To start because it solves a historical problem of geometry. But, above all, because it does it again and with many ramifications. When Andrew Wiles He managed to demonstrate Fermat’s last theoremthere was some disappointment for the use of modern mathematical tools. In that case it was understandable: part of the grace of the problem was to find the demonstration that Fermat himself said he had discovered (but never wrote). With Descartes’s theorem is different. There was nothing to look for, just a solution to develop. And doing so shows all the potential of mathematics to destroy the limitations that lead us to grip for centuries. In the end, As Arthur C. Clarke said“When a distinguished but elderly scientist says that something is possible, it is almost certain that he is right. When he states that something is impossible, it is almost certain that he is wrong. Image | Frans Hals | Jacob Rus In Xataka | The “Matrix” fillet was always real: philosophical and metaphysical reflections on metovers

In his obsession to end the noisy motorcycles, the EU has just knew the coup of grace

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The sound of motorcycles has no midpoint: either it puts your nerves or your hair bristles every time you hear it. The second group is quite a niche and, in general, noisy motorcycles are a problem within the urban environment, so the European Union has decided to end them forever. Changes. EC 92.03 regulations legalizes a historical change that will affect, and much, both to the motorcycle industry As to the auxiliary industry of its star complement, the exhaust pipes. From now on, any motorcycle manufactured with the new anti -antaminant regulations will not be able to extract the DB Killer. What is the DB Killer. The most changed accessory on motorcycles is the exhaust pipe. In some cases to earn an extra CV, and mostly to improve the sound of the motorcycle. As its name indicates, the DB Killer is the internal silencer of the exhaust tube, normally screwed. This causes escape gases to pass through a narrower and more perforated channel, reducing the volume. In most cases, the escapes of the auxiliary industry have a removable dB, allowing to increase the sound of the motorcycle in a very simple way in minutes. What the EU says about him. The new EC 92.03 regulation says goodbye completely to the DB Killer. Exhaust systems manufacturers must comply with this new legislation, and may not manufacture approved escapes that allow the silencer to be extracted. These measures apply to street motorcycles, so manufacturers who want to sell escapes that comply with Euro regulations will have to stick to restriction. The only sale scenario for the DB Killer will be the circuit use, with escapes that will continue for sale, but will not be approved for circulation in street. An obsession that comes from afar. Especially noisy motorcycles have been focusing on the European Union for a long time. The Euro 4 regulations, approved in 2016, limited the noise to 80 dB. Euro 5 began including moving tests and with the new Euro5+ and Futura EURO6 The controls are expected to remain increasingly restrictive. Beyond limitations in homologation, there are already European countries devising systems to avoid noise in its cities. The Noise radars They work in countries like France, capable of photographing every vehicle that overcomes the allowed noise in decibels. Precedents. In countries such as Austria it is not possible to circulate with motorcycles that They exceed 95db in stopa regulation that does not apply to cars. Others, such as Germany, restrict the circulation of motorcycles on weekends by certain routes, and have been enabling noise sensors that warn about whether the motorcycle is noisy. Image | BMW In Xataka | Barcelona is the city of Spain with more motorcycles. Now the Generalitat considers limiting its circulation

We knew that smell and memory are closely related. And that unlocks an advantage: detect the Alzheimer’s

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Alzheimer’s disease may be difficult to detect. The symptoms of this disorder usually become evident only after the progress of this dementia, which is a huge problem. And, in the absence of a definitive cure, our ability to stop the impact of the disease depends largely on early detection. Smell. One of the clues we have when detecting Alzheimer’s in its early stages is through smell. A study conducted by researchers from the University of Chicago analyzed the impact of the disease on our sensory capacity and detected that there is a rapid loss of smell when making us greater could predict with some accuracy The advent of Alzheimer’s disease. Smell of Magdalena. The relationship between memory and smell is very narrow. We know that the evocative capacity of smells It did not go unnoticedbut in recent decades science He has been confirmed This unique connection. The reason for this close relationship can be anatomical. The olfactory bulb is the region of the brain that processes in the first instance the smells and then send the signal to other areas of the brain. This signal crosses key areas of the limbic system, areas linked to emotions and memory. “The olfactory signals reach the limbic system very quickly,” Explain to The Harvard Gazette Venkatesh Murthy, head of the university’s cell and molecular biology department. 515 participants. The study of the University of Chicago had 515 participants, advanced adults, registered in the memory and aging project of the Rush University. These participants were examined annually, exams that test their cognitive abilities to detect signs of dementia. These tests also studied their ability to identify odors, in addition to other health -related parameters. More than memory loss. The team thus found a new link between smell and memory: a rapid loss of olfactory capacity prior to any cognitive loss could predict the arrival of various symptoms associated with Alzheimer’s. These symptoms included a lower volume of gray matter in the areas of the brain linked to smell and memory, cognitive loss and a greater risk of dementia. They also found a relationship between this olfactory loss and the presence of the APOE-E4 gene, a genetic variant considered risk factor in the advent of Alzheimer’s. The details of the study were published In an article In the magazine Alzheimers & Dementia. “This study provides another clue on how a rapid loss of the meaning of smell is a very good indicator of what will end structurally in specific regions of the brain,” ” explained in a press release Jayant M. Pinto, co -author of the study. Get ahead of the disease. Alzheimer’s is an incurable disease for now, but there are different treatments that allow us to delay the development of its symptoms. For that, we must get ahead of the disease as much as we can. Something difficult in a disorder that only shows its consequences once the disease is advanced. “If we could identify their 40, 50 or 60 people with greater risk, we could potentially have enough information to aim them in clinical trials and develop better medications,” also added in a press release Rachel Pacyna, work caoautora. Own initiative. The fact that the change in our smell is rapid and before the arrival of cognitive deterioration opens an important window, putting the patient itself in warning. And it is that most of the ways we have to detect the appearance of dementia is through external evaluations, for example when family members detect memory problems or In language. The loss of smell is something that, in principle, It can be striking to the patient himself and put it on guard or encourage him to seek medical advice. When the smell of the Magdalena stops bringing us memories, perhaps what we are playing is not only the evocation of a memory. In Xataka | We have a new “theory of all” to understand Alzheimer’s. Your key is in small granules Image | Cottonbro Studio

We knew that the Spaniards did not shut up or under water. Now a study has measured it: 6.9 seconds

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It has happened to us all. You get into An elevator With four other strangers to climb to the ninth floor of a building and when you go for the second you already feel how a leading silence takes over the cabin, of those who seem to be cut with a knife. Uncomfortable. Annoying. Almost, almost pasty. The same when they introduce you to someone and nobody knows what to say or you just reached a first date. The silent silence. But … does everyone bother equally? A study He has just revealed no. A figure: 6.8 seconds. Yeah You feel uncomfortable When you are surrounded by strangers in a closed and small space and suddenly the silence becomes quiet: you are not alone. A study Prepared by the Online Platform for Language Learning PREPY He has confirmed that this sense of irritation before silence is common, very common. It is so common, in fact, that the vast majority of the 26,700 people from 21 different countries that have surveyed PREPLY in Your study They recognize sharing it. And not just that. Its report concludes that this feeling of restlessness does not take long to generate. On average, it occurs when we have 6.8 seconds without pronouncing or listening to a single word. In the case of the Spaniards they are 6.9. A percentage: 77%. That is the percentage of Spaniards who claim to feel uncomfortable when a conversation dies and no one is able to resume it: 77%almost eight out of ten. There are many, but much less than in other societies even more ‘allergic’ to silence. The palm in that aspect is taken by Brazil, where 85% feel uneasiness to mutism. In Italy they are 75%, in Colombia, 80%, in the US 82%and our French and Portuguese neighbors move between a fork of approximately 70 and 75%. A country: Thailand. The survey De Preply shows that discomfort in the face of prolonged and unwanted silences is a universal feeling. Of course, the key is what we understand by “prolonged silence.” Depending on Culturehabits and customs of each country The span of mutism that we are able to tolerate varies considerably. Two data arrives to check it: in Brazil on average they feel uncomfortable after 5.5 seconds of silence, while in Japan that does not happen until past 8.1. It is not easy PREPLY STUDY It is that our relationship with him is complex. For example, Thailand is the country of the list that to tolerates the most seconds and secondly is also an Asian nation, Japan, with 7.8 seconds. But the third and fourth positions are for European countries: Netherlands, where the brand is 7.4; and Germany (7,3). If we cross the data to 6.2. City Second average before feeling uncomfortable Saragossa 5.79 Valladolid 5.95 Murcia 6.05 Barcelona 6.21 Valencia 6.28 Bilbao 6.29 Palma de Mallorca 6.5 A Coruña 6.55 Las Palmas 6.68 Gijón 6.75 Malaga 6.84 Cordova 6.86 Madrid 7.01 Seville 7.17 Alicante 7.32 Grenade 7.51 Vitoria 7.66 Santa Cruz de Tenerife 8.44 Vigo 8.64 San Sebastián 8.67 A city: San Sebastián. The report is not limited to analyzing countries. It also compares cities. And in the case of Spain it reveals some striking contrasts. According to the data collected by PREPLY, the most tolerant Spaniards to involuntary silences are donostiarras. In San Sebastián they do not feel uncomfortable until past 8.67 seconds, more or less like the vigueses (8,64) and Tenerife (8,44). In the opposite pole are the Zaragozanos, who worry at 5.79 seconds, and the Pucelanos (5.95). A place: the elevators. Not everyone reacts to mutism. And not all places awaken the same sensations. 79% of respondents recognized that the site where they have been found more commonly with pasty and heavy silences are closed spaces, such as elevators. Other situations in which that same sensation abounds are the breakups (73%) and when you maintain a first date with someone (72%). In the list there are other scenarios equally predictable, such as casual talks with strangers, funerals or conflict situations. A situation: the presentations. There is something that seems to be especially uncomfortable: the awkward silences during the Public presentations. 36% of respondents by PREPY recognized that this is the situation in which mutism fear the most, even more than in the first appointments, fights, elevator trips, couple discussions or family gatherings. Where we have more assumed are in the talks with co -workers or when we contact someone online. Images | Baruk Granda In Xataka | This is the most silent room in the world. No one is able to endure an hour in it

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