knew

We knew that Holy Week was going to be complicated. What we didn’t know is that a polar dough was going to complicate it even more

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That Holy Week was going to be complicated, we already knew it. What we did not suspect is that, taking advantage of the absence of high pressures, they were going to strain on the whole peninsula A series of polar masses That not only They are going to erase all trace from Borrasca Olivierbut the country’s temperatures will collapse. What comes from Greenland. As Victor Gonzalez explainedin the next few hours “a very cold air tongue in medium-high layers will take off from the immediate vicinity of Greenland” and “will cause a sharp change of time.” It is logical, the storm that now affected us (Olivier) came from the Canary Islands with a southern air upstage that contributed to soften temperatures. Polar mass It will move The storm (which will still leave showers and storms) and will knock the thermometers. So what can we expect from Holy Week? Aemet He has just published An update about the time of the week that begins. Monday 14: The models expect rainfall (locally strong and occasionally with a storm) in Galicia that “will be extended by the rest of the Atlantic aspect weak or moderate.” In the Mediterranean, we are likely to meet intense stormy showers and wind gusts. In addition, temperatures will fall throughout the country (except in the Cantabrian, where they will rise). Tuesday 15 and Wednesday 16: The rains of the Atlantic facade was a front that preceded the entrance of a polar mass that will collapse temperatures. The snow level, in fact, will remain between 900 and 1,200 in much of the northwest. Generalized rain is expected in much of the country. Thursday 17 and Saturday 19: PAt the end of the week, the situation will tend to stabilize. However, everything seems to indicate that a new storm in Galicia will begin to enter and gradually will spread through the northwestern third of the Peninsula. Sunday 20 and Monday 21: Although the uncertainty is high, it is “probable that rainfall continues throughout the northern part of the Peninsula, in the Balearic Islands and in part of the east. It is not ruled out that some of these showers can be very intense. There are no changes on the horizon? The truth is not. Atmospheric circulation does not show great changes and that not only guarantees us a few unusually fresh days, but also makes front and storms continue. It doesn’t hurt to remember that The monthly forecast of the ECMWF is bet “For an extremely rainy April in the southwest quadrant and peninsular downtown area, with wet anomalies of up to 50 l/m2 compared to the average in Western Andalusia, Sierra de Gredos and locally in the community of Madrid.” That is, although It is not clear what will happenwe better get used to the rains. Spring continues to delay. Image | ANDCMWF In Xataka | Time at Holy Week 2025: The best websites and apps to know what time you will have on your vacation

In 1643, Descartes created one of the most important theorems of geometry. We knew he was right, but we didn’t know why. Until now

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In 1643, René Descartes wrote a letter to Princess Isabel del Palatinado in which she simplified a classic problem of Western geometry and offered a solution: the so -called ‘Descartes theorem’; that, according to the famous problem that Frederick Soddy published in 1936 in Natureit can be summarized as “the sum of the squares of the four curvatures is half the square of its sum in figures.” Basically, he found a relationship between the radios of four mutually tangent circles. The problem is that the French philosopher did not explain the reasoning behind that relationship and, in fact, he never managed to find a general formula for more than four circles. His intuition is that this solution existed, but was not able to find it. That has brought mathematicians since then. A couple of years ago Daniel Mathews and Orion Zymaris, from the Australian University of Monash, They decided to try With a radically new approach. What if we use tools of theoretical physics? That was the question that was asked: As Héctor Farrés explainedinstead of pulling the tools of conventional geometry, they began to play with ‘thorn’ (a type of objects of theoretical physics that need a 720 degree turn to return to their natural position). “We use a version of thorn developed by Roger Penrose and Wolfgang Rindler, which applied to the theory of relativity,” The authors said. In this way they achieved ‘re-conceptualize’ circles as algebraic entities that can suffer from geometric transformations. That was the key to obtaining a general formula to be able to describe increasingly complex groups of mutually tangent circles. Why is it interesting? To start because it solves a historical problem of geometry. But, above all, because it does it again and with many ramifications. When Andrew Wiles He managed to demonstrate Fermat’s last theoremthere was some disappointment for the use of modern mathematical tools. In that case it was understandable: part of the grace of the problem was to find the demonstration that Fermat himself said he had discovered (but never wrote). With Descartes’s theorem is different. There was nothing to look for, just a solution to develop. And doing so shows all the potential of mathematics to destroy the limitations that lead us to grip for centuries. In the end, As Arthur C. Clarke said“When a distinguished but elderly scientist says that something is possible, it is almost certain that he is right. When he states that something is impossible, it is almost certain that he is wrong. Image | Frans Hals | Jacob Rus In Xataka | The “Matrix” fillet was always real: philosophical and metaphysical reflections on metovers

In his obsession to end the noisy motorcycles, the EU has just knew the coup of grace

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The sound of motorcycles has no midpoint: either it puts your nerves or your hair bristles every time you hear it. The second group is quite a niche and, in general, noisy motorcycles are a problem within the urban environment, so the European Union has decided to end them forever. Changes. EC 92.03 regulations legalizes a historical change that will affect, and much, both to the motorcycle industry As to the auxiliary industry of its star complement, the exhaust pipes. From now on, any motorcycle manufactured with the new anti -antaminant regulations will not be able to extract the DB Killer. What is the DB Killer. The most changed accessory on motorcycles is the exhaust pipe. In some cases to earn an extra CV, and mostly to improve the sound of the motorcycle. As its name indicates, the DB Killer is the internal silencer of the exhaust tube, normally screwed. This causes escape gases to pass through a narrower and more perforated channel, reducing the volume. In most cases, the escapes of the auxiliary industry have a removable dB, allowing to increase the sound of the motorcycle in a very simple way in minutes. What the EU says about him. The new EC 92.03 regulation says goodbye completely to the DB Killer. Exhaust systems manufacturers must comply with this new legislation, and may not manufacture approved escapes that allow the silencer to be extracted. These measures apply to street motorcycles, so manufacturers who want to sell escapes that comply with Euro regulations will have to stick to restriction. The only sale scenario for the DB Killer will be the circuit use, with escapes that will continue for sale, but will not be approved for circulation in street. An obsession that comes from afar. Especially noisy motorcycles have been focusing on the European Union for a long time. The Euro 4 regulations, approved in 2016, limited the noise to 80 dB. Euro 5 began including moving tests and with the new Euro5+ and Futura EURO6 The controls are expected to remain increasingly restrictive. Beyond limitations in homologation, there are already European countries devising systems to avoid noise in its cities. The Noise radars They work in countries like France, capable of photographing every vehicle that overcomes the allowed noise in decibels. Precedents. In countries such as Austria it is not possible to circulate with motorcycles that They exceed 95db in stopa regulation that does not apply to cars. Others, such as Germany, restrict the circulation of motorcycles on weekends by certain routes, and have been enabling noise sensors that warn about whether the motorcycle is noisy. Image | BMW In Xataka | Barcelona is the city of Spain with more motorcycles. Now the Generalitat considers limiting its circulation

We knew that smell and memory are closely related. And that unlocks an advantage: detect the Alzheimer’s

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Alzheimer’s disease may be difficult to detect. The symptoms of this disorder usually become evident only after the progress of this dementia, which is a huge problem. And, in the absence of a definitive cure, our ability to stop the impact of the disease depends largely on early detection. Smell. One of the clues we have when detecting Alzheimer’s in its early stages is through smell. A study conducted by researchers from the University of Chicago analyzed the impact of the disease on our sensory capacity and detected that there is a rapid loss of smell when making us greater could predict with some accuracy The advent of Alzheimer’s disease. Smell of Magdalena. The relationship between memory and smell is very narrow. We know that the evocative capacity of smells It did not go unnoticedbut in recent decades science He has been confirmed This unique connection. The reason for this close relationship can be anatomical. The olfactory bulb is the region of the brain that processes in the first instance the smells and then send the signal to other areas of the brain. This signal crosses key areas of the limbic system, areas linked to emotions and memory. “The olfactory signals reach the limbic system very quickly,” Explain to The Harvard Gazette Venkatesh Murthy, head of the university’s cell and molecular biology department. 515 participants. The study of the University of Chicago had 515 participants, advanced adults, registered in the memory and aging project of the Rush University. These participants were examined annually, exams that test their cognitive abilities to detect signs of dementia. These tests also studied their ability to identify odors, in addition to other health -related parameters. More than memory loss. The team thus found a new link between smell and memory: a rapid loss of olfactory capacity prior to any cognitive loss could predict the arrival of various symptoms associated with Alzheimer’s. These symptoms included a lower volume of gray matter in the areas of the brain linked to smell and memory, cognitive loss and a greater risk of dementia. They also found a relationship between this olfactory loss and the presence of the APOE-E4 gene, a genetic variant considered risk factor in the advent of Alzheimer’s. The details of the study were published In an article In the magazine Alzheimers & Dementia. “This study provides another clue on how a rapid loss of the meaning of smell is a very good indicator of what will end structurally in specific regions of the brain,” ” explained in a press release Jayant M. Pinto, co -author of the study. Get ahead of the disease. Alzheimer’s is an incurable disease for now, but there are different treatments that allow us to delay the development of its symptoms. For that, we must get ahead of the disease as much as we can. Something difficult in a disorder that only shows its consequences once the disease is advanced. “If we could identify their 40, 50 or 60 people with greater risk, we could potentially have enough information to aim them in clinical trials and develop better medications,” also added in a press release Rachel Pacyna, work caoautora. Own initiative. The fact that the change in our smell is rapid and before the arrival of cognitive deterioration opens an important window, putting the patient itself in warning. And it is that most of the ways we have to detect the appearance of dementia is through external evaluations, for example when family members detect memory problems or In language. The loss of smell is something that, in principle, It can be striking to the patient himself and put it on guard or encourage him to seek medical advice. When the smell of the Magdalena stops bringing us memories, perhaps what we are playing is not only the evocation of a memory. In Xataka | We have a new “theory of all” to understand Alzheimer’s. Your key is in small granules Image | Cottonbro Studio

We knew that the Spaniards did not shut up or under water. Now a study has measured it: 6.9 seconds

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It has happened to us all. You get into An elevator With four other strangers to climb to the ninth floor of a building and when you go for the second you already feel how a leading silence takes over the cabin, of those who seem to be cut with a knife. Uncomfortable. Annoying. Almost, almost pasty. The same when they introduce you to someone and nobody knows what to say or you just reached a first date. The silent silence. But … does everyone bother equally? A study He has just revealed no. A figure: 6.8 seconds. Yeah You feel uncomfortable When you are surrounded by strangers in a closed and small space and suddenly the silence becomes quiet: you are not alone. A study Prepared by the Online Platform for Language Learning PREPY He has confirmed that this sense of irritation before silence is common, very common. It is so common, in fact, that the vast majority of the 26,700 people from 21 different countries that have surveyed PREPLY in Your study They recognize sharing it. And not just that. Its report concludes that this feeling of restlessness does not take long to generate. On average, it occurs when we have 6.8 seconds without pronouncing or listening to a single word. In the case of the Spaniards they are 6.9. A percentage: 77%. That is the percentage of Spaniards who claim to feel uncomfortable when a conversation dies and no one is able to resume it: 77%almost eight out of ten. There are many, but much less than in other societies even more ‘allergic’ to silence. The palm in that aspect is taken by Brazil, where 85% feel uneasiness to mutism. In Italy they are 75%, in Colombia, 80%, in the US 82%and our French and Portuguese neighbors move between a fork of approximately 70 and 75%. A country: Thailand. The survey De Preply shows that discomfort in the face of prolonged and unwanted silences is a universal feeling. Of course, the key is what we understand by “prolonged silence.” Depending on Culturehabits and customs of each country The span of mutism that we are able to tolerate varies considerably. Two data arrives to check it: in Brazil on average they feel uncomfortable after 5.5 seconds of silence, while in Japan that does not happen until past 8.1. It is not easy PREPLY STUDY It is that our relationship with him is complex. For example, Thailand is the country of the list that to tolerates the most seconds and secondly is also an Asian nation, Japan, with 7.8 seconds. But the third and fourth positions are for European countries: Netherlands, where the brand is 7.4; and Germany (7,3). If we cross the data to 6.2. City Second average before feeling uncomfortable Saragossa 5.79 Valladolid 5.95 Murcia 6.05 Barcelona 6.21 Valencia 6.28 Bilbao 6.29 Palma de Mallorca 6.5 A Coruña 6.55 Las Palmas 6.68 Gijón 6.75 Malaga 6.84 Cordova 6.86 Madrid 7.01 Seville 7.17 Alicante 7.32 Grenade 7.51 Vitoria 7.66 Santa Cruz de Tenerife 8.44 Vigo 8.64 San Sebastián 8.67 A city: San Sebastián. The report is not limited to analyzing countries. It also compares cities. And in the case of Spain it reveals some striking contrasts. According to the data collected by PREPLY, the most tolerant Spaniards to involuntary silences are donostiarras. In San Sebastián they do not feel uncomfortable until past 8.67 seconds, more or less like the vigueses (8,64) and Tenerife (8,44). In the opposite pole are the Zaragozanos, who worry at 5.79 seconds, and the Pucelanos (5.95). A place: the elevators. Not everyone reacts to mutism. And not all places awaken the same sensations. 79% of respondents recognized that the site where they have been found more commonly with pasty and heavy silences are closed spaces, such as elevators. Other situations in which that same sensation abounds are the breakups (73%) and when you maintain a first date with someone (72%). In the list there are other scenarios equally predictable, such as casual talks with strangers, funerals or conflict situations. A situation: the presentations. There is something that seems to be especially uncomfortable: the awkward silences during the Public presentations. 36% of respondents by PREPY recognized that this is the situation in which mutism fear the most, even more than in the first appointments, fights, elevator trips, couple discussions or family gatherings. Where we have more assumed are in the talks with co -workers or when we contact someone online. Images | Baruk Granda In Xataka | This is the most silent room in the world. No one is able to endure an hour in it

We already knew that Spanish wine was on its way to collapse. What we didn’t know was that drought was going to accelerate it so much

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At this point of 2025, say that Spanish wine is on its way to disaster It cannot surprise Nobody. However, it is inevitable that, reading phrases like that, let’s think it is exaggerating. Soon we examine the data, we see that the coup can become huge. Two news that is better understood together. The first is from July 25, 2024: The earliest harvest Within Jerez’s framework since there are historical records. That is to say, For more than 130 years. As the winemakers themselves said, They saw that “In July the grape was already at its optimal point (the 10.5º Baumé demanded) and that if we expected more I was going to lose weight and deteriorate.” The second news is a couple of months later: the production of wine from the United Kingdom has doubled in a very short time and, in fact, the surface planted with vines has increased 75% in the last five years. This is very rare in a place where (despite have vineyards from Roman times and produce commercially since the 60s) the vines have never been good for cold and bad weather. Both news are the beam and the underside of a huge problem: the huge impact that climate change in the main wine regions of Europe has. And, especially, in Spain. A global problem that affects us especially. Traditionally, there are two planetary areas indicated for the cultivation of the vine: the one between the 30th and 50th parallels of the northern hemisphere and that located between the 30th and 40th in the south. The problem is that, like The National Institute for Agronomic Research predicted In France, around 2100 those areas will be completely blurred with the double “very warm” days of the historical average. According to a study published in Nature Reviews Earth & Environment In March 2024up to 70% of the current wine -producing regions could face a substantial risk to lose their suitability for viticulture. In that drawer we are. In Spain, as defends happiness in Herralde, researcher at the Institute for Agrifood Research and Technology of Catalonia, towards the end of the century “the water deficit could reach 200 liters per square meter.” That is, in many wine areas “half of the rainwater that is now available in a year may be missing.” Things are changing. “I have gone from harvesting to do it in a short sleeve and always looking at the sky. My father does not remember in all his youth or a hail storm and now they come to us in September shattering the harvest and even in spring, sweeping that of that year And the next one, because it takes all the yolks “, explained in Rioja2 Berta Valgañónfarmer and producer of the denomination of qualified origin Rioja. And when we say that “time is crazy” we are not entirely aware of what it implies. As Olivia García pointed out “In winter it does not snow, (…) in February it is hot and the plants begin to sprout before but the risk of frosts extends to May (…). In spring it hardly rains and summer is totally dry.” The result is that, when “the harvest arrives so hot that the level of sugar and acidity becomes totally unbalanced.” It is not uncommon. “In a reference period from 1972 to 2005 we have found that, for example, in the Penedès region the increase in average annual temperatures has already reached two and a half degrees,” explained of Herralde in the country. Estimates are terrifying. At the end of 2022, the Reading University published a report where it was concluded that “a fifth of the United Kingdom could have adequate climatic conditions to cultivate Chardonnay grapes in 2050”. But instead, “according to A study conducted over 15 years In vineyards from different areas of the world, 90% of current cultivation areas will not be suitable within a few years. “ To this we must add the problem of water. Not only is water missing at very important specific moments, but As Jordi Pastor defendedmost winemakers already grow with an amount of water lower than optimal. As with the olive tree, the agricultural strategy is to migrate production towards irrigation and, in fact, while 20 years ago the percentages of irrigated vine Today I already touched 50%. And yet, the situation is very complicated … With the available data of the denominations of Catalan origin, we can say that sprouting and flowering are being advanced around 11 days compared to half a century ago. But in addition, “the main cycles of the vineyard (sprouting, flowering, curd, envre and harvest) are faster, those phases are shorter.” Is What we saw too Within the framework of Jerez and In the rest of wine areas from Spain, Greece, Italy or southern California. France, much less affected, too He has seen him The ears to the wolf. … that goes beyond the future. This April, Freixenet presented an ERTE for 615 workers for drought. As they explainedit was an “exercise of responsibility” to “guarantee the operability of the business” in the face of grapes due to the lack of rain. Regardless of the details of that specific case, the truth is that the labor, financial and industrial ramifications The problem is here. And he will not go anywhere. How do we do the wine? “Spain will be a little suitable place to make wine, which means that wine production will not become impossible, but it will be increasingly difficult according to the degree of global warming,” defended Sébastien Zitoresearcher at the Institute of Vineyard Sciences and Burgundy Wine. He is right. Therefore, the world of wine Work already in a hurry for looking for solutions. And the truth is that the struggle to maintain profitability is not the only problem. After all, this environmental pressure also attacks the personality itself of the wines. Can Spanish wines survive while being themselves on the way? Image | Trent Erwin | Climate Resanalyzer In … Read more

We knew that US Big Tech had a problem with the costs of their AI. DeepSeek has just shown to what extent

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DeepSeek is the new darling of AI. This family of models, developed by a Chinese R&D laboratory of the same name, has achieved what seemed impossible: compete with the OpenAI or Meta models and do so, according to them, at a much lower cost. Is that true? A development 18 times cheaper than GPT-4. The Chinese startup released DeepSeek V3 671B at the end of December 2024. Its gigantic model was trained in just two months with a budget of 5.58 million dollars according to SCMP and analysts cited in Financial Times. Its performance is comparable to OpenAI’s GPT-4, but the latter cost about $100 million to develop according to Sam Altman. That’s almost 18 times more if we take into account both the data revealed by SCMP and Altman’s estimates. Comparative cost of the main chat and reasoning models today. DeepSeek’s price is incredibly lower than its competitors. Data: DeepSeek, OpenAI, Anthropic, Meta. Amazingly cheap. The cost of DeepSeek’s API is incredibly low when compared to its competitors. If we take the data from DeepSeek, Goal, OpenAI, Google and Anthropic It seems to be clear that the cost of using DeepSeek through its API is much lower than that proposed by its rivals. We have included the cost of GPT-4o mini which seems to be the only one comparable, but its performance is much lower than DeepSeek V3. DeepSeek V3 is superior to most of its competitors, although it is true that Meta has released for example Llama 3.3 in recent days and that comparison varies frequently. And it is (theoretically) superior to all. As they point out on RedditDeepSeek V3 prices are promotional: starting February 8 they will be $0.27 per million input tokens (almost double) and $1.10 per million output tokens (almost four times more) . This makes the comparison somewhat better for the competitors, especially for Llama, the only one that can compete in cost although the Chinese model is superior to that of Meta (and almost also to the rest in many metrics) according to the benchmarks carried out in DeepSeek. DeepSeek also “thinks” cheaper. The cost comparison is not only in favor of DeepSeek in the area of ​​traditional chatbots, but also in the area of ​​reasoning models. According to its internal benchmarks, the spectacular DeepSeek R1 It is significantly superior to OpenAI’s o1, but using the o1 API costs 27 times more than that of DeepSeek R1. Hallucinatory. Price drop in sight. As expert Ethan Mollick points out, the market will adjust to these DeepSeek-driven price drops fairly quickly. According to their estimates, the cost of a GPT-4 level AI was reduced 1000 times in 18 months, and a 95% drop in the price of the reasoning models, which right now are clearly higher than the AI models behind ChatGPT, for example. a chinese tsunami. The launch of the DeepSeek models is a great little revolution for all types of developers of AI-based solutions: they now have access to much cheaper models that are comparatively equal to or superior to those of the competition. This puts their rivals in a lot of trouble, and we will see how they react. Good news for users. The truth is that for us, the users, as well as for the developers, this is great news, especially because these prices make access to these functions incredibly cheaper. The market has been following this trend clearly, but DeepSeek has made the jump in cost reduction suddenly drastic. Image | Xataka with Freepik Pikasso In Xataka | OpenAI prepares a PhD-level AI. It is so promising that he will first show it to the US Government

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