destroy

In the E3 of 1995, PlayStation only needed two seconds to destroy Sega. And changed video games forever

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On September 29, 1995, many Spanish buyers were made with a new console, the first of a company known for its camcorders, Walkman, Discman and TVs. 30 years ago, Sony launched the PlayStation In Europe, but before arriving he had already left a victim on the way: Sega with his Saturn. And everything was forged for two seconds in the First E3 in history With one of the oldest trolls of video games: that of “299”. From an audio chip to the PlayStation. Before reaching that point, we go with some context. Sony was not a video game company. In fact, within the Japanese giant, few believed they painted something in that segment. However, there was Ken Kutaragi, PlayStation’s “father”. He was watching his daughter play family, Our neswhen Kutaragi realized the potential of video games. He raised it, but Sony went on the subject. A few years later, Nintendo needed an audio chip for the Supernesand there was Kutaragi, secretly working on the design of the SPC700 which contributed so much to the history of video games and the audio of the Nintendo console. He did not end up fired from Milagro, since his bosses enraged when they found out. But well, little by little they were entering and Kutaragi had to be a heavy championship because he got Sony and Nintendo to collaborate in the development of the CD super nes, or the Nintendo PlayStation that today is a museum piece. Nintendo’s betrayal. The problem? Nintendo did not see with good eyes that a company like Sony won power in the world of video games and, just when the great association was going to make the world known, Nintendo hit a flying: he associated with Philips and gave them five of their franchises to do what they wanted. It was Nintendo’s biggest error. Not only Philips shattered ‘Mario’ and, above all, ‘Zelda’ With tremendously bad games for CD-Ibut it enraged Sony in an unimaginable way. If they were not fully convinced, they were now clear that they should humiliate Nintendo. They got to work and, from that betrayal, the PlayStation was born. Now we had to present it well, and the First E3 in historythat of 1995, was the ideal scenario. … at “299”. Nintendo went with the failure of Virtual Boy under the arm and with rumors of Nintendo 64 (Which had a few years of development), but there was another company that did new: Sega. The other Japanese video game giant would be a stone on the Sony road if things did not do well, and within “doing things well” comes to put an attractive price. It was the first console, I had to work. In fact, both were the ones that had to win the most and lose at the fair because they had already launched in Japan, but the price they would mark for the United States would be key. Sega crossed the puddle with his Saturn and announced that it would cost $ 399 (also 399 pounds in the United Kingdom and 79,990 pesetas in Spain). Sony needed a blow of effect, and that was when this moment happened: THE GREATER TROLLE OF THE VIDEOGUES. What you just saw is well known, but no less shocking 30 years later. After a long speech on the history of the company and about the benefits of both the machine and the CD, a new format at that time, Steve Race, president of Sony América took the stage and, of course, you will imagine that someone like that would rise to give another long monologue. But not. “Two Nine Nine”. 299. And got off the stage. Those two seconds, followed by applause and cheers, were enough for PlayStation to “win” that first E3. Already My partner Rafa Márquez commented in Vidaxtra: The best possible mixture between a troll and a masterful marketing. It was 100 dollars cheaper than Sega Saturn, had the favor of many developers, was a good CD player and there were not only Japanese games, but others very focused on the western public. In addition, it was the fact that everyone was going to highlight, the one who wanted the press and the players. The tip. It was a master play, but although the story has given a good weight when it came to make Sega stumbled, the truth is that Sega itself had made many merits to end as it ended. To start, Saturn was a face, but also very complicated. The 2D games and Arcade conversions were great, but to squeeze the machine you had to develop for the two processors it had. Besides, The launch in stores was disastrous when produced by surprise. It was a complication because the tools are not as simple and accessible as today, but on the other side you had a playstation for which it was much easier to develop, in addition to giving some other advantage in Royalties. And with Saturn, but above all with DreamcastSega lived an internal civil war between the divisions of the United States and Japan. That is, the “299” was a push that accelerated the fall of the company, but that Sega did not need anyone to stagger. History. In the end, the market put each in its place. For less than ten million Sega Saturn, Sony placed more than 100 million of that first playstation. Only ‘Gran Tourism‘He sold more than Saturn herself and, although Nintendo was better with the almost 33 million Nintendo 64 sold, she was late and with cartridges, losing the favor of companies such as Square Enix and many other developers who saw that the CD was a more favorable format. That “speech” of Race is medium history, but also of marketing and one of my favorite moments in these video game presentations. As a curiosity, as we are condemned to repeat history, in 2014 something similar happened with results, again, favorable for Sony. Microsoft announced that its Xbox One It would cost … Read more

destroy a key piece of engineering

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It is a scene that is repeated in homes throughout the country. A persistent headache, a more acute menstrual malaise than normal or muscle pain that does not yield. 400 mg ibuprofenthat usual ally of the first aid kit, does not seem to be enough, and the ‘version’ of 600 mg can only be achieved with a recipe Medical Then arises the idea of ​​leaving a tablet in two and taking 400 mg more than 200 mg that gives 600 mg. But it’s not that good idea. An idea that has had to deny a pharmacist. Through your Tiltok account, @farmaceuticofernandez, responded to a girl’s video which pointed to that an ibuprofen and a half had been taken. Its verdict is quite clear: mathematical logic is not correct. And is that the principle of the active of the medicine andStá mixed with other excipients And this is not equitably distributed in each half of the tablet, so we do not find 200 mg of medicine on each side of the pill. It is in the end a lottery. In addition, it suggests that some of these tablets have a protective film that covers it with the aim of Protect our stomach or to be absorbed in a specific place of our system. If it starts, this protection effect is lost and can generate more problem than benefit. The anatomy of a tablet. The fundamental assumption behind leaving a pill is that the medicine is distributed perfectly uniformly throughout its volume, such as dissolved sugar in coffee. The reality, however, is much more complex and looks more like a cookie with chocolate pepitas. The active substance (Ibuprofen, in this case) are the “Pepitas”, while the rest of the components, called excipients, are the “mass.” When the cookie starts in half, no one can ensure that each piece contains the same amount of chocolate. The science behind each pill. A tablet It is a pharmaceutical engineering work. In addition to the active substance, it contains a variety of excipients that are essential for its function: diluents To give volume, binders To keep it cohesive, disintegrating to dissolve in the body and lubricants such as Magnesium stearate so that the machinery does not stick during the manufacture. The most common manufacturing process, known as Wet granulationit implies mixing the API dust with the excipients and a liquid binder to form small granules. These granules dry and then compress at high pressure to form the final tablet. The ultimate goal is to ensure the uniformity of dosing units. What the box says. With this system, which is guaranteed only that each whole tablet of a lot contains the declared amount of active substance, within a margin of trust. However, this uniformity guarantee applies to tablet as a unit, and the homogeneous distribution of the active substance within each individual tablet is not ensured. And scientifically demonstrated. A study by pharmacy technicians In controlled conditions, 22 different brands of generic medicines fractioned. The results were surprising, since only 32% of the grooved tablets (designed to be games) and a little 27% of the non -grooved tablets met the uniformity criteria of the weight that are acceptable. In this way, if professionals with adequate tools cannot achieve precise division, the probability that a patient will do it at home with a kitchen knife is tiny. The slot is not decorative. If the internal structure of a tablet is a lottery, the presence or absence of a slot on its surface is the signal that indicates whether we can play or not. That small line is not a decorative element or a simple visual guide. It is a legal and scientific statement of the manufacturer that certifies that this tablet It has been designed to be split by that line To have more or less security we take a precise dose. In order for a tablet to carry a slot, the laboratory must demonstrate to the regulatory agencies that the halves meet the same standards of dose and dissolution uniformity as the entire tablet. The prospect is important to read it. This document, which we sometimes hate because once we open it you can no longer bend correctly, it indicates what we can do with the medication. If this report details that a tablet can be divided, it is because it has been demonstrated. For example, in the Paracetamol prospect From 1 gram, “the tablets are grooved, which allows to divide the tablet into equal doses.” But the same does not happen in a 400 mg ibuprofen leaflet of the Cinfa brand that is very common I even had 400 mg ibuprofen at home and I have been able to verify that I did not have any division to leave the pill in two. Something that obviously faces us to be inaccurate. The doctor has the ‘key’ to have 600 mg ibuprofen. The distinction between the 400 mg ibuprofen and the 600 mg is not just a matter of 200 mg more power; It is a regulatory and security border. In Spain, the presentation of 400 mg can be dispensed without a recipe (although often under the pharmaceutical council), while the 600 mg necessarily requires a medical prescription. This decision, taken by the AEMPS, is not arbitrary, but is based on a exhaustive analysis of the balance between benefit and risk. The issue in this case is that after comparing the effect of the 400 mg version with the 600 mg is almost the same. This phenomenon is known as analgesic “roof effect”, where major doses They do not produce additional pain in a significant way in mild cases. But what it does cause is that they increase the Side effects considerably. Something that also corroborates the pharmacist from the beginning. A suggestion effect. The problem we have in this case is the suggestion to which we are exposed. Obviously, a larger amount correlates with a greater analgesic effect according to our own logic. And this … Read more

China has no rival in batteries and solar panels. It is already ready to also destroy Western pharmacists

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China’s quota in the world photovoltaic cell market Broken 80%and for the moment only India seems to have the ability to disturb him in the long term. Its manufacturing capacity is 17 times greater than the rest of the planet togetherwhich has encouraged the Chinese administration to support the manufacture of More than 1,000 GW in N -type cell capacity As the other countries fulfill their net emission commitments. On the other hand, China is also a world leader in The production of lithium batteries. If we stick to electric cars the country led by Xi Jinping Fabrica 57% of batteries that these vehicles use. Catl and Byd are the largest lithium batteries manufacturers on the planet with A market share in 2023 34% and 16% respectively. Its absolute leadership in these two sectors is the result of a strategy that prioritizes investment in R&D and large -scale production to shoot competitiveness. Now Chinese biotechnological companies plan to apply this successful formula to medicines. China has the ability to drastically reduce the cost of medical care “We can reduce the costs of medical care and benefit more people through technological innovation and the improvement of efficiency (…) the recent achievements of China in the field of biotechnology show that it is possible to do it,” says Da Liuthe CR-CP Managing Director Life Science Fund, a risk capital investment group created by the Chinese state and the Thai chain Pokphand Group conglomerate with the purpose of investing in biotechnology companies. “We can reduce medical care costs and benefit more people through technological innovation and efficiency improvement” Chinese pharmaceuticals and biotechnology are living a “Deepseek”. This means simply that the medications they develop are every time most demanded by multinational corporations. What the latter pursue is to obtain the necessary licenses to market, produce or distribute the medications developed in China without elaborating them from scratch. Just three weeks ago the American investment bank Jefferies published a report in which he argues that Chinese companies and assets are extraordinarily competitive thanks to “their efficiency in costs, their small deadlines and the quality of the resulting product.” Interestingly, in seven of the ten main agreements carried out by the global pharmaceutical industry during the first semester of 2025, Chinese licenses were involved, According to the Pharmcube consultant. The success of the Chinese pharmaceutical industry is supported by a strategy very similar to that which has led this Asian country to lead the markets of solar panels and lithium batteries. However, China does not have it as easy as it seems. And it is that the geopolitical tensions that mainly support the countries led by Donald Trump and Xi Jinping are very difficult for Chinese biotechnological companies their international expansion through mergers with foreign companies. According to Liu What they need to transform into great multinational actors in the pharmaceutical industry is to achieve a dominant position in at least one or two fields of biotechnology. Image | Edward Jenner More information | SCMP In Xataka | The comfort of swallowing a pill against the power of an injection: the dilemma that will mark the future of the drugs to lose weight

destroy their competitors in performance

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NVIDIA engineers have been working on a new GPU for several months to artificial intelligence (AI) expressly designed for the Chinese market. Reuters He has confirmed that he will be called B30A, and on his shoulders he will rest, neither more nor less, The future of the company led by Jensen Huang in China. This chip must necessarily meet two conditions. On the one hand it has to be more powerful than The H20 GPUwhich is the last solution that Nvidia has placed in China. And, in addition, it must meet the restrictions imposed by the US Department of Commerce. Otherwise Nvidia will not get the export license you need to be able to sell this chip in this Asian country. The current situation complicates a lot The future of this company in China. Its main obstacle is the investigation that the administration of cyberspace has initiated, usually known as CAC for its English denomination (Cyberspace Administration of China). As we have explained in other articles, the problem that Nvidia faces is that The CAC has decided to investigate it Because he suspects that the H20 chip could incorporate a rear door of difficult location by Chinese experts. If so, the possibility of China to use this GPU could be possible. At the moment the CAC has limited himself to questioning those responsible for NVIDIA in China and ask them to demonstrate that the H20 Chip does not represent a threat to the interests and security of the country led by Xi Jinping. The B30A chip responds to the need to lead in performance in China Chinese companies that are dedicated to the development of large AI models are trapped. On the one hand they are being forced to deal with the export restrictions of the GPU imposed by the US government. And, in addition, they are subject to their own dependence on American technology. A priori the optimal solution for them would be to stop buying Nvidia and other US companies their chips for AI, and getting “comparable” GPUs proposed by Huawei, Change either Moore Threadsamong other Chinese companies. Chinese companies prefer GPUs for NVIDIA because their performance is greater However, as explained in your article to Foreign Policy The American analyst Kyle Chan, the scenario they face is more complicated than it seems. And it is that abandoning Nvidia in practice is very difficult. According to ChanTencent, Bytedance, Alibaba and other Chinese companies They prefer GPUs for Nvidia Because its performance is greater, especially when facing the training processes of their AI models. However, they especially opt for the chips of this American company thanks to CUDA (Compute Unified Device Architecture). Most of the AI projects that are currently being developed are implemented on CUDA. This technology brings together the compiler and development tools used by programmers to develop their software for NVIDIA GPUs, and replace it with another option in the projects that are already underway it is a problem. Huawei, who aspires to an important portion From this market in China, it has Cann (Compute Architecture for Neural Networks), which is its alternative to CUDA, but for the moment CUDA dominates the market. In these circumstances, the B30A chip that is putting to point Nvidia has all the meaning of the world. Presumably It will be half powerful that the most advanced GPU this company currently has, The B300 chipbut, even so, it is reasonable to assume that will overcome performance of all the chips for the developed in China, especially when facing the training processes of the AI models. This is the best asset that Nvidia has. And it’s going to play it very soon. In fact, plan deliver the first samples From the GPU B30A to its Chinese clients before it ends next September. Image | Nvidia | Zhang Kaiyv More information | Reuters In Xataka | The US gives Huawei a great opportunity: to get its new chip for AI with the Nvidia market in China

Xiaomi was not enough to destroy the reserves of his electric Berlina. Now we know that, too, he is the king of resale

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Xiaomi is achieving the unthinkable with his electric car: compete with the main ones with the great manufacturers of the sector with vehicles that have just a year of life. He Su7 razed reservationshe Yu7 He is doing even better and, in case this success in sales was not enough. But the Electric Berlina He is not demonstrating his muscle only in reserves and sales. He is showing it a posteriori. The data. Xiaomi cars preserve almost 90% of their resale value. Next to nothing. According to the last report of China Automobile Dealers Association (each) in which, among others, the resale value of the main electric cars in the market is published after a year, the undisputed leader is the Xiaomi Su7. The company’s electrical bellina retains up to 88.91% in its resale value, followed by the Aito M9 with 84.45% and a Li Mega (Li Auto) that collapses to 79.58%. What about Tesla. The Tesla Model x and Model 3 They occupy the fourth and fifth position, with 77.81% and 76.04%, respectively. The best selling SUV of China does not run the same fate: the Tesla Model and. The Electric de Tesla occupies the 11th position on the list, lowering to 71.28%. Below, Byd and Xpeng models. Because. There are several key points for the Xiaomi Su7 to become an object of worship even after a year of use. Long delivery times and limited calendar Clear attack focus not only for Model 3, but more premium models In just one year, he has managed to offer a feeling of quality and confidence to the Chinese consumer The initial success was such that There were those who were reversing the used car A for Tesla. The Xiaomi Su7 has already achieved Overcome Sales to its main rival: The Tesla Model 3. A first model that reaped successes and opened an even bigger door: that of going to each of the Model and with the Yu7. Data on resale value can further push interest in an Xiaomi that aims to take the market with Your ecosystem productsin which the car plays a central role. It’s just the beginning. Xiaomi’s rivals should not worry only about SU7 and Yu7: the worrying thing is all that is to come. The company works to create its own chipshe is demonstrating engineering knowledge superior to those of their rivalsand just throw the doubt when it will end up arriving in Europe to take part in the cake. Image | Xiaomi In Xataka | Everything blew in favor of Xiaomi with its first electric car. Until his clients began to see the qualities of SU7

Israel’s great goal in his war against Iran is to destroy Fordow. And you can only get it with a bomb that has USA

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It happened a few hours ago and American media They are taking it on their covers. Trump and Israeli prime minister, Benjamin Netanyahu, spoke on the phone. It is not clear what they said, but the call occurred while the president has been considering a distant option: that the United States intervenes directly in the Israel’s efforts for damaging the nuclear capacity From Iran. In the background, an idea that was intuited from the beginning of the conflict: the only way to reach Fordow was Through Washington. A key decision. On a day that could define the rest of its presidency, Trump faces one of the decisions more transcendental Of his mandate: or not to the Israel War against Iran. After returning from the G7 summit in Canada, the president held a high -level meeting and talked directly with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu. While, In your social networks He proclaimed that the United States had “total control of Iranian airspace,” warned Supreme Leader Ali Jameneí who was an “easy white” and demanded an “unconditional surrender”, without defining the terms. Although until recently Trump had advocated a diplomatic solution to the Iranian nuclear program, his rhetoric and his most recent military movements (such as the deployment of bombers and Naval destroyers) suggest that this direct intervention is seriously considering. The change of posture. Had the New York Times In an extensive report how that turn to action in Washington’s position has been brewing. Throughout the last weeks, Trump has traveled from diplomatic containment to a growing acceptance of the military road to the Iranian challenge, largely pushed by the constant pressure of the Israeli prime minister, Netanyahu. While Trump tried to keep negotiations with Tehran (even sending A personal letter Ayatolá Jamenei and presenting nuclear cooperation proposals with regional participation), American intelligence began to warn that Israel He planned an attack Imminent against the Iranian nuclear program, with or without the support of Washington. Israel and pressure. The Times explained That Netanyahu, tired of years of containment by successive US presidents, seemed willing to launch a large offensive, not only on nuclear facilities, but potentially on the Iranian regime itself. This direct threat, added to the growing Trump skepticism Regarding the Iranian will to reach a real agreement, it caused an inflection: although at the beginning it rejected deliver the antibunker bombs requested by Netanyahu, the president ended up offering support in intelligence and now even values ​​the use of b-2 bombers and heavy armament against Fordowhe heart Underground Iranian nuclear enrichment. Symbolic weight. It is the other leg that explains the turn of events. It is not only a product of intelligence reports or impatience to stagnant negotiations, but also symbolic and media weight of the Israeli attacks and the role that Trump You want to project before its base: that of a strong, decisive and protective leader of Israel’s interests. Gathered with their advisors at Camp David, the media have counted that the President debated various optionsfrom passivity to total implication, and opted for a Intermediate strategy that would allow him to maintain a certain political distance while offering operational support. However, as Israel He obtained tactical victories (Including the murder of Iranian military leaders and the possible penetration in Natanz’s facilities), Trump began to change his public position, hinting at a more active role in the United States in the campaign. The goal. Because the key, againis in Fordow, the Iranian uranium enrichment center excavated under a mountain, a fortress that could only be destroyed by a name: the gigantic GBU-57 pumpsthat only B-2 can launch. The possibility of attacking with this arsenal, added to the perception that Israel cannot destroy underground installation without US support, feeds the sensation of imminence. MOP underground at White Sands Missile Range before his first explosion test in 2007 The bomb that drills mountains. Thus, and in the midst of a conflict that does nothing but grow, the potential role of the United States in an air operation against Iranian nuclear facilities brings to stage one of the most feared and less used artifacts of the US arsenal: the GBU-57A/B. Massive Ordnance Penetrator (MOP), a 13,600 kilos bomb Designed to do precisely what its name indicates: to penetrate deeply into the earth and destroy underground fortifications. Unlike conventional mass dispersion pumps, MOP is a precision weapon, not saturation. Its forged steel structure and its guide by GPS allow it excavate up to 60 meters in solid rock (or even more, after years of improvements not revealed) before detonating in the heart of bunkers, tunnels or underground laboratories designed to resist the apocalypse. It is not the volume. Although it is the explosive non -nuclearly heavy of the US military inventory, its effectiveness does not depend on the destructive volume, but on its surgical capacity to eliminate what is beyond the reach of any other pump. Despite its devastating potential, it has never been used in combat, but its deployment is contemplated only for missions that alter the global strategic balance. B-2’s first public flight in 1989 19 B-2. And here appears the other fundamental leg of the strategy of this deterrent pump. The MOP cannot be launched from any aircraft. Only the B-2 Spiritthe stealthy strategic bomber of the United States Air Force has the structural and technological capacity to load it and deliver it in the target. With just 19 operational units (a good part parked On Diego García Island), The B-2 is not a bomber: it is a platform designed to go far, avoid radars and attack in depth, literally. In the past, these devices have flown round trip missions of more than 30 hours From Misuri until Libya or Kosovowithout scales except reposses in the air. Plus: the Recent updates to the MOP system they have sought to perfect the Integration between bomb and planein addition to improving the capacity of the intelligent spolet to detect structural “empty” (floors, cameras, tunnels) and exploit exactly at the most … Read more

OpenAI has cut the price of O3 80%. And as a gift to the sector has sent a price war that will destroy margins

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Openai has moved token: the same day as presented O3 pro The price of O3 cut 80 %. It may only be segmentation, but very possibly it is also an advance of the price war that starts when the rivals already touch their performance and internal efficiency allows us to serve Tokens for cents. The new step is like this (prices per million Tokens): ENTRANCE EXIT OpenAi O3 $ 2 (before $ 10) $ 8 (before $ 40) OPENAI O3 PRO $ 20 $ 80 Gemini 2.5 Pro $ 1.25 $ 10 Claude 3.7 Sonnet $ 3 $ 15 Deepseek R.1-0528 $ 0.55 $ 2.19 That price narrowing comes because quality already converges in practice: almost all models “reason” comparable in common tasks, and hardware and inference efficiency improvements (on the side of OpenAi and the rest) reduce the marginal cost of serving each Token. The result is manual: The price becomes the main lever and segmentation appears as a containment dike —How the creation of O3 Pro, designed for customers willing to pay a lot due to low latencies, huge contexts or formal audits. For developers this is fertile land. 2 dollars a million tokens, AI ceases to be a luxury expense and looks like a CDN: Payment for use, without permanence contract. Yes tomorrow Gemini either Deepseek They offer better value for money, change is reasonably simple in infrastructure and Prompts. The blocking effect is transferred to the layer that surrounds the model (tools, data, user experience), not the model itself. At the contrary end of the cost spectrum, Apple has integrated its foundational models directly into operating systems. Any app can be invoked at home, free and without counters from Tokens No invoices at the end of the month: AI becomes as invisible as GPS or camera. It is another function. The play Remember the emergence of WordPress in the early 2000s. At that time, publishing online required or a lot of knowledge or a lot of money to pay someone to have it. WordPress loaded that barrier and democratized the publication. Twenty years later we gave the xataka legend to its creator precisely because of that. And now what? Possibly, an adjustment downward the margins in the base models and a migration of the business towards higher level services: observability, management of the management Fine Tuningprivate data accommodation, vertical agents … exactly what happened with the cloud when the price of the gigabyte sank and the value moved to the management layers. The “magic” of AI is blurred, but its usefulness – now much more affordable – opens the door to a much wider market. Just what Openai needs. In Xataka | O4-mini is much more than another model of AI. It is the Tesla Model 3 of OpenAI Outstanding image | Ilgmyzin in Unspash

prevent plasma at 150 million ºC to destroy the reactor

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The adjective “titanic” fits as a glove if our intention is to describe the reactor of nuclear fusion experimental ITER (International Thermonuclear Experctor reactor), The machine that an international consortium led by Europe He is building in the French town of Cadarache. This ingenuity is titanic for its dimensions. Also by The size of the challenges that raises. Even for its ambition. Inside His huge vacuum chamber 29 x 29 meters stainless steel, with a weight of 3,850 tons and a volume of 16,000 m³ an extremely powerful magnetic field a gas that is at a temperature of at least 150 million degrees Celsius. It is necessary that this plasma reaches this temperature because in these conditions the deuterium and tritium nuclei that contains acquire the kinetic energy they need to overcome their natural electrical repulsion. Almost without realizing we have repaired in one of the great challenges that the nuclear fusion entails: it is necessary that the plasma reaches that extreme temperature because on the earth we do not have the intense gravitational field that helps the stars to keep on “the nuclear oven”. And less pressure implies more temperature if our purpose is to recreate the necessary conditions so that the fusion reactions between the deuterium and tritium nuclei take place. To monitor the temperature, a lot has needed to develop a lot of technology The most exposed components not only at the extreme temperature of the plasma, but also to the action of high energy neutrons that it is not possible to confine inside the magnetic field are Tungsten shields that cover the inner mantle of the vacuum chamber and the diving. These components must withstand the bombardment of plasma high energy neutrons, transforming their kinetic heat into heat. To release this thermal energy and refrigerate the diving is responsible for the water that circulates inside. The diving is responsible for purifying plasma, allowing the extraction of the ashes and impurities resulting from the nuclear fusion reaction The tungsten has been chosen to put the shields exposed to plasma because this is the metal that has the highest melting point: nothing less than 3,422 degrees Celsius. In addition, the diving is responsible for purifying plasma, allowing The extraction of ashes and impurities resulting from the nuclear fusion reaction and plasma interaction with the most exposed layer of the mantle. In any case during the reactor operation, it is necessary to monitor the temperature that the components most exposed to the plasma action reaches. If the tungsten shields, the diving or any other component of the vacuum chamber exceeds its maximum temperature threshold could be irremediably damaged. And changing one of these pieces in a 23,000 tons machine is not at all pathered bread. Fortunately, engineers who participate in Iter have resolved this challenge. In the cover photography of this article we can see the machine used to carry out the thermal cycles tests to which the prototype of a mirror has been subjected to the National Institute of Aerospace Technique of Spain, which is one of the research institutions that have participated in the project. And is that precisely to measure the temperature of the components most exposed to the plasma, the engineers of Iter will use A great angle vision system which uses several mirrors manufactured with great precision to collect the visible and infrared light from the diversion and the main wall of the camera. This architecture will allow to measure the temperature of all surfaces in real time, so that the reactor operators can identify if a component is overheat and prevent damage in time. This system brings together no less than 15 independent lines of vision that will be housed in four different locations of the vacuum chamber with the purpose of covering 80% of the internal surfaces. Spectacular. Image | Fusion for Energy More information | Fusion for Energy In Xataka | China is unstoppable in nuclear fusion: the construction of its own iter is aimed at beating all records

Starship flight 9 includes such a risky maneuver that will be tested at sea, not to destroy the tower

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After Two consecutive flights in which the Starship ship exploded shortly from separating from the propeller, a conservative approach could be expected by Spacex for the ninth launch. Nothing is further from reality. Double Tirabuzón without a network for the Super Heavy. Elon Musk’s company knows how to maintain emotion for flight 9, and the riskiest plans focus on The largest part of the rocket: The Super Heavy propeller. Spacex will not only reuse for the first time one of the three super heavy who have successfully landed in the arms of the launch tower. At the same time, plan to test With only two available engines For braking and landing maneuver. It is a deliberate resistance test to verify what would happen if a propellant engine fails during the reentry. Straight to the Gulf of Mexico. In this case, Spacex will not try to catch the propeller for the second time. The landing maneuver is so extreme (first super heavy used, with only two lit engines and without failure tolerance) that the rocket will discard. Instead of returning to the tower, he will make an essay of the maneuver in the Atlantic Ocean, finishing his mission with a shocking. Spacex already has a second Mechazilla tower in Starbase Able to catch rockets with his robotic armsbut he needs both for when, in addition to the 70 -meter Super Heavy propeller, the 50 -meter Starship ship begins to land in the other tower. Something that Spacex would have tried for the first time on this flight 9 if it had not been for the catastrophic failures of flights 7 and 8, which have delayed those plans. Even so, we are going to have fun. 29 used engines. Spacex has already done a proof of the propeller which will launch the Starship in this ninth launch: the Booster 14. He took off for the first time on January 16 and was successfully captured by the tower a few minutes later, while the starship lost control. The first time Spacex reused a falcon 9 propeller A year had passed Since its launch. With the Super Heavy just three months have passed. In addition, there is no trap or cardboard: 29 of the 33 engines that wears the booster 14 are used. Of course, Spacex is still far from rapid reuse type “Zero-Touch reflight“(land, load propellants and take off again) to which he aspires. Especially with the ship and its thermal shield. All eyes put on the ship. To land a used rocket of 70 meters high with a less engine is impressive, but the super heavy will not be the protagonist of this flight. It must necessarily be the Starship 35 because it is the third ship of version 2 that will launch Spacex. His two predecessors had an abrupt ending for excessive vibrations near the engineswhich led to leaks, fires and explosions. The S35 ship completed its cryogenic tests in mid -March, but has not made a long ignition like the S34, and there are doubts about how Spacex will face its launch, because the flight profile has not yet been published. Nor the results of the investigation on flight 8, nor the flight license of the Federal Aviation Administration, so it seems unlikely that Spacex takes off at the date initially scheduled (April 18). Mars does not expect. Yes, on the other hand, the investigation of flight 7 is closed, whose 11 corrective actions were implemented before flight 8. Without much success, since it failed again. Flight 9 is not expected to require a modification of the flight license, but the approval of the FAA is indispensable to schedule the launch. Spacex needs to accelerate the step to meet Elon Musk’s goal of an unmanned mission to Mars (with Robots Tesla Optimus) By the end of next year. The earth-marte transfer windows occur every two years, and Musk does not want to waste time. But Starship is already pushing the limits of technology and the last thing he needs is a third explosion about the Caribbean. Image | Spacex In Xataka | Elon Musk has revealed the plan after Starship explosions: v3 earlier than expected, but with half a capacity

The dollar has been the world economy for 80 years. The US tariffs are starting to destroy it

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In the two long months he has in the Oval Office, Donald Trump has demonstrated that he did not joke when he said that his favorite word is “tariff.” The Commercial War in which it has been engaged, with ads and against ads, attacks and backgrounds that now focus the focus In China, it is however affecting what could well be the second header word for the Republican leader: the dollar, which faces its own historical chapter, in full depreciation against other assets such as The euro or the Swiss Franco. In the background, there are voices that already speak of a trusted crisis In the American currency, a weakening of its global position as a safe shelter or even They wonder If we go at the end of the golden era of the green ticket. Dollar slopes. In full tariff war and between recession drums In the US and loss of investor confidence, the US dollar does not go through its best moment. Although The partial truce 90 days decreed on Wednesday by Trump has paid the falls in the stock market, the trend is different if we talk about public debt and especially dollars. Green tickets They have deflated in front of currencies such as the euro or the Swiss Franco. And quite clear, besides. Click on the image to go to Tweet. What do the figures say? After the dollar suffered yesterday its worse day In about a decade, the Euro is already 1.14 dollars. You have to go back several years ago to find it in such low levels in front of the community currency. As for the Swiss currency, another key reference, Reuters remembers That the green ticket has fallen 1.2%, to 0.814 francs, for the first time since the beginning of 2015. All this with him and reaching his Maximum of several months and with gold moving in Historical maximums While investors are looking for safe shelters, precisely what (until not so ago) offered green tickets. “There has been a marked tendency to sell US dollars flowing through the general markets and towards classical shelter assets, with the dollar losing that position,” Confirms Reuters recently Chris Weston, from Pepperstone. Why is it important? Because the dollar is more than the currency with which the Americans make their purchases. Is behind the vast majority of transactions, acts world reference and has allowed the US to be financed at low types. “Half the world is stunned looking and the other horror about what will happen to the dollar as a universally accepted currency and vault key of the global financial system,” Explain to The country Juan Ignacio Crespo. “It is very unusual in the US”. The dollar situation has caught the attention of other experts, such as Nick Timiraos, economic correspondent for The Wall Street Journal And who yesterday shared In X some reflections on the drift of the yields of the treasure bonds at 30 years and the weakening of the dollar. “Rises in yields and low in currencies are common in emerging markets. We saw it in the United Kingdom during the debacle of Truss. But it is very unusual in the US. There are only four other episodes in the last 30 years in which the dollar depreciated more than 1.5% with an increase in return to more than 10 basic points, ” Timiraos collects citing the Evercore ISI firm. Its conclusion: the data suggests the end of ‘exceptionalism’ of American growth and a loss of attractiveness of dollars. Click on the image to go to Tweet. Crisis of trust in the dollar? That is the idea that appears for some time among some analysts, such as Francesco Pesole, of ING, which after the fall of the dollar to a minimum of three years in front of the euro, It was pronounced with roundness in Financial Times: “The question of a possible crisis of trust in the dollar has definitely been resolved: we are experiencing it with all its force.” It is not the first to point in that direction. Monday Reuters warned that there were investors and analysts concerned with the perspective that Trump’s protectionist policies, changes in the current global economic order in the last decades and the growing debt The US ended up undermining the attractiveness of the dollar, with even risk of a crisis of trust in the green ticket. End of the ‘golden age’ of the green ticket? That is the question he launched to Benjamin Dubois, head of Edmond’s coverage management of Rothschild, in An analysis collected by The economist. It slides that the fall of the currency “could be the beginning of a deeper underlying trend.” “Trump’s second mandate could make the dollar lose the dominant status he has enjoyed during the last decade,” Point out The expert before citing factors such as the depreciation of Trump’s currency or commercial war. The answer does not seem clear. For Per Jansson, vice governor of the Central Bank of Sweden, It is not predictable However, the US reaches the point that the status of the dollar changes. And he warns: “It would be a great change for the world economy … and basically create chaos.” The truth is that Trump has spoken against attempts to weaken the currency, which still has in his favor the support of the strong economy of the United States, the markets and the lack of a short -term alternative. Reindustrialization. One of The wishes of Trump, which already connects with his first presidential mandate, is to enhance The manufacturing industry of the US. And in that effort the currency and its strength also play a key role. After remembering the restructuring of the global financial system raised by S. Miran, Donald Trump advisor, Dubois remembers: “It is based on the conviction that the dollar must be depreciated to allow US reindustrialization.” The Republican himself has pointed out that a weaker dollar would also benefit exports. Images | Timis Alexandra (UNSPLASH) and Gage … Read more

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