Portugal had to choose where to take its AVE first. And between Madrid and Galicia, it is very clear

It was October 2025 when the news broke. Then we learned that Madrid and Lisbon would be linked by a high-speed train in 2034. The objective set by Spain, Portugal and the European Commission is that both capitals are connected by a train that covers the journey in about three hours of travel. The first step to recover that connection is to have a line ready in 2030 with conventional trains that reopen traffic between both cities without having to change trains. The project rescues a line that It already existed in the 19th century but that time has erased. Furthermore, it follows the designs of a European Union that opts for the train over the plane and is that being able to cover this journey in 180 minutes would be a blow against air traffic, which is much more polluting. If the schedule is met, the AVE between both cities will be available almost three decades later than planned. The news, furthermore, seemed to indicate that Galicia was being relegated to the background. And the region has been fighting alongside Portugal for years to have a high-speed rail connection that structures the Atlantic axis. We now know that Portugal will prioritize Galicia over Madrid. First Galicia, then Madrid The confirmation came from the Portuguese Prime Minister, Luís Montenegro, during the XXXVI Spanish-Portuguese Summit held in La Rábida (Huelva) who has indicated that he trusts that the Lisbon-Oporto-Vigo line will be completed in 2033 and, therefore, the deadlines prior to the agreement are met with Europe and Spain on Madrid-Lisbon. The words were collected in The Newspaper and it is confirmation that between Madrid and Galicia, The first place Portugal looks to is Galicia. The latest agreements to carry out trains between both cities seemed to put this connection between the Galician city and the two large Portuguese cities at risk. It must be taken into account that the first objective was for Madrid and Lisbon to already have a high-speed connection ready by 2030, the year in which Spain and Portugal (along with Morocco) will organize the Soccer World Cup. However, given the impossibility of meeting the deadlines, a delay until 2034 was agreed upon. This delay has not put at risk the Atlantic corridor in which The European Union has already invested 250 million euros (more than 750 million euros of European funds have already been spent on Madrid-Lisbon) and up to 3,000 million euros delivered by the European Investment Bank (EIB) in the form of soft loans. In Portugal they defend that the connection between their cities and the north of Spain is much more important than the link with Madrid. The high-speed project between Lisbon, Porto and Vigo had already consumed 11,000 million euros as of 2023 and, in the words of Carlos Fernandes, vice president of Infrastructure in Portugal, collected by The reason “develops our country and the centrality of our cities, and not the centrality of other Iberian cities (in relation to Madrid).” For the project to go ahead, it is necessary for Portugal to comply with the plans but also for Spain to have a high-speed exit between Vigo and Tui. From the Portuguese side, they have never denied that they prefer to prioritize the corridor towards Galicia. Pedro Nuno Santos, then Minister of Infrastructure, criticized Renfe in 2022 in an interview with The Countryensuring that they had maintained the night train between Vigo and Portugal but that on the Spanish side no one towed the trains. Right now, the trip between Vigo and Porto takes two hours and 20 minutes. That is, 140 minutes that would become only 50 minutes once the high-speed connection between both cities is consolidated. In fact, those 140 minutes are what is expected to take between Vigo and Lisbon, a huge leap by current standards. The big loser of the dispute is Extremadura. The region has been hearing for years about a Madrid-Lisbon connection that never seems to come. After years where trains have been a real headache, everything indicates that high speed should be completely ready in the region by 2030 but the delay to 2034 has been marked by the deadlines on the Portuguese side. The step forward in high speed is also key in Extremaduran mobility because, for example, it will allow connecting Madrid with Cáceres in one hour (right now it takes more than three hours) and Madrid with Mérida or Badajoz in just over an hour and a half when to reach the latter from Madrid you have to spend more than four and a half hours. Photo | Pedro Correia, Joaoalves0217 and Mstyslav Chernov In Xataka | Madrid and Lisbon will be linked by the AVE. It will only arrive (if it arrives) 24 years late

Spanish cities are collapsed because they were not designed to go “from the periphery to the periphery”

For decades, commuting to work in large Spanish cities had a clear logic: workers lived on the outskirts of large cities and They traveled every morning towards the center to their jobs. It was a fairly stable urban model, reinforced by transportation networks designed to take workers to the large office districts of the urban area. However, in recent years this pattern has been changing as the price of land in the center has skyrocketed and companies have also had to move to the periphery. As and as it portrays The Countrythe problem is that cities are not designed to move from periphery to periphery, and that movement has become in a daily mousetrap for millions of employees. In recent years, many companies have chosen to move your offices to peripheral areas where land is cheaper and there is space to build large office complexes. This movement has made it possible to build huge business campuses that would be unviable in the urban centers of large cities with high demand for land such as Madrid or Barcelona. In Madrid, the north of the city has become one of the main destinations for this type of projects. An example is the Telephone Districtlocated in Las Tablas, which occupies about 22 hectares and concentrates more than 12,000 workers in a single business complex. The records of the Residence-Work Mobility Atlas of the Community of Madrid show that districts such as Fuencarral-El Pardo (where the Telefónica District is located) are already among the areas with the highest concentration of employment in the region. Barcelona experienced a similar process with the development of 22@ technological district in Poblenou, where numerous technology companies and corporate headquarters have been setting up shop in the last two decades. The transformation of this old industrial neighborhood created a new employment center outside the historic center of the city. Employment is moving, but so are prices The problem with this migration of companies to the periphery of urban centers is that when thousands of workers begin to concentrate in a specific area, the real estate market usually reacts quickly. Proximity to work centers increases the value of neighborhoods nearby, which ends up raising rental and housing prices. This increase, in turn, forces employees to move to municipalities even further away from the city center and the offices where they work. The result is a constant increase in daily trips within the metropolitan area. In Madrid this phenomenon is reflected in the labor mobility figures. According to the recorded data According to the Mobility Atlas of the Community of Madrid, every day 1.2 million people enter the capital from other municipalities to work, compared to the 790,000 who did so in 2016. Something similar is happening in the city of Barcelona, which after the growth of 22@ has attracted workers from numerous municipalities in the metropolitan area, congesting the northern and southern access roads and the city’s ring roads due to the traffic generated by these employees at peak hours, such as and how collect traffic congestion report of Inrix of 2025. All these congestion problems have their origin in the fact that the large transport infrastructures (metros, trams, Cercanías, bus lines, etc.) of the large Spanish cities have been designed for decades with a radial structure. They were planned to connect the peripheral neighborhoods with the city center, which was where most of the employment was concentrated. When new business centers began to grow outside the center, that structure began to show its limitations. Many workers no longer need to go to the urban area, but rather travel between peripheral areas that are not directly connected by public transport. A very clear example of this is the demand of the residents of Tres Cantos for an axis that connects them with… The A-6, not with the center of Madrid. This requires long journeys or several transfers, something that often makes the car faster. Even if it means getting stuck every day on the way to work. Furthermore, public transportation in many cities has become a lottery with constant delays and breakdownswhich generates uncertainty when considering alternatives to the private car. The increase in long trips to work and dependence on the car is clearly reflected in traffic data. According to the TomTom Traffic IndexMadrid registered an average congestion level of 38% in 2025, which is 3.6 percentage points more than the previous year. That level of traffic means that traveling 10 kilometers during rush hour can take about 34 and a half minutes, at average speeds. close to 17.5 km/h. The report also estimates that Madrid drivers lose around 98 hours a year in traffic jams during rush hours. When daily journeys are long, the accumulated time can multiply and reach up to 500 hours per year per person lost in traffic jams. Barcelona faces a similar situationwith a level of congestion in its urban center and access roads of 41.1%, which is one of the highest figures in Europe. In Xataka | The worst traffic jam in history: two weeks, more than 100 kilometers and thousands of cars detained in China Image | Commons

donations from their parents

Daniel and Claudia are in their thirties, they live in Madrid and for years they combined their status as tenants with the dream of (one day) becoming owners of their own home. Every month they saved a little. And each month they got closer to their goal. The problem, like explain to The Countryit’s not just his bank account that was growing. So did the price of housing. And his rent, which threatened to rise by 200 euros from one day to the next. To escape this impossible spiral, Daniel and Claudia talked to their families and got them to donate 30,000 euros. What is necessary for the entrance to an apartment. The statistics of Spanish notaries show that theirs is not an isolated case. On the contrary. Donations (especially cash) have become the lever that allows young people to access an impossible market. What has happened? Which Notaries Are Encountering Every Time more donations intergenerational, capital that passes from grandparents, parents and uncles to the youngest members of the family to facilitate their access to housing. The phenomenon is connected with the ‘Great Wealth Transfer’ and it’s not exactly new. The referees they have been around for a while perceiving it. Even so, the clarity with which it can be seen in the 2025 sectoral balance that has just been released is surprising. advance The Country. Its reading is resounding: in Spain, so many donations have never been processed as now, with housing on the rise. And what does the data say? That in 2025 the notaries processed 225,317 donations. Not only is it the highest figure since (at least) 2011, far exceeding the 85,300 donations a decade ago; It also reflects an undeniable upward trend. After several years of stagnation, the number of donations grew by 15.2% between 2023 and 2024 and rose again by another 13% in 2025. The data of the General Council of Notaries (CGN) include all donations, without specifying how many correspond to property and how many correspond to cash or other types of assets; But the members themselves do not hesitate to relate this upward trend to the situation of the real estate market. Are there more indicators? Yes. A few months ago the council already published a report in which he confirmed that intergenerational donations and inheritances were “boosting access to housing” for the youngest. To be more precise, the group recalled that housing donations skyrocketed by almost 68% between 2017 and 2024 (from 32,623 to 54,735), while inherited properties increased by 20% during the same period (from 335,888 to 403,854). Are they that frequent? Yes. If inherited and donated homes are added, they are equivalent to 64% of all sales transactions registered in 2024. Not only properties are transferred. A year ago the notaries they already confirmed an increase in cash donations, especially amounts between 30,000 and 40,000 euros, although the range ranges from 10,000 to 300,000. In fact María Teresa Barea, spokesperson for the CGN, recently recognized that the majority of living inheritances that one encounters are grants of liquidity, money that allows grandchildren, children and nephews to face the first payments required to buy a home and make the leap from tenant to owner. Why this increase? For several reasons. One of the main ones is how complicated it is to get your head into the real estate market. The case of Daniel and Claudia is illustrative: not only does the square meter become more expensive, so do rents, nullifying the savings capacity of young people. According to a study by Grupo Mutua de Propietarios, 40% claims to have difficulties accessing housing, which explains (among other things) that in Spain the age of emancipation exceed in several years the average of the European Union. It doesn’t matter that the mortgage market has softened, the rise in housing prices (of 13% year-on-year) makes down payments an insurmountable barrier for many aspiring homeowners. Especially the younger ones. Hence their grandparents and parents come to their aid with donations. “Many young people who could pay the mortgage payments are not able to afford the famous down payment and initial expenses” Barea agrees.. The latest statistics from the CGN also show that donations have grown (and at a good pace) in practically all the autonomous communities of Spain. Are there more factors? Yes. One, fundamental one, is the changes in the distribution of wealth between population cohorts. What does it show us? Basically, young people accumulate less and less money, tipping the balance in favor of the elderly. The data of the Bank of Spain are eloquent: if in 2002 the population under 35 years of age accumulated close to 9% of Spain’s wealth, in 2022 that percentage had been reduced to 2.1%. In the case of those over 65 years of age, the trend was the opposite: during the same period they went from 25.4 to 39.2%. Images | Febiyan (Unsplash) and General Council of Notaries In Xataka | If the question is whether house prices will rise forever, London has the answer. And it is a warning for Madrid

On March 19 and 20 we are waiting for you at this enormous event on technology and innovation in Seville

In just one week, on Thursday March 19 and Friday March 20, the first edition of CTx Techa great event with technology, innovation and talent as the main protagonists of which Xataka is a Media Partner. The event, which has the support of the Junta de Andalucía and the Seville City Council, is not a typical meeting of talks, networking and panels. The organization has opted for an intelligent matchmaking system and personalized agendas, so that every attendee, whether individual or professional, can get the most out of it. For professionals, startups and technology enthusiasts Image | CTx Tech CTx will bring together at the Sevilla TechPark more than 15,000 visitors, more than 1,000 startups250 companies, 200 investment funds and more than 150 international speakers. It is a large-scale event whose content, estimated at more than 400 hours, will be distributed among 11 scenarios, 50 simultaneous events and 5 thematic spaces. Among the topics that will be addressed are the convergence of AI, biotechnology and neurotechnology; quantum computing, real applications of AI and its impact on the industry; cybersecurity and cyberdefense, smart cities, autonomous vehicles, drones, robotics… Whatever field of technology you are interested in, at CTx Tech you will be covered. Among the featured speakers are José Elías (CEO of Audax Renovables), David Carmona (VP of Microsoft), Christine Bjärkby (member of the board of directors of the European Network of Business Angels), Alba Lez (Chief Marketing Officer ofespacio_RES) and creators such as José Luis Crespo (Quantum Fracture) and Carlos Santana (DotCSV). The list of speakers can be found on their websiteas well as the agenda. Join us to record Loop Infinito live Among the many activities that will take place at the event, you can attend the recording of a special edition of Infinite Loop. Our usual presenter, Javier Lacort, will participate in it; and Antonio Ortiz, founder of Xataka and co-host of Monos Stochastics. The title of the podcast will be “AI without the hype” and will last about 30 minutes. During the recording the real state of AI will be addressed without empty promises or catastrophisms. Javier and Antonio will reveal to us what is happening now, what has a real probability of happening before 2029 and what is still science fiction. The coordinates are as follows: Where: ADA Auditorium in Seville TechPark. When: March 19. What time: from 8:40 p.m. to 9:40 p.m. How to participate sImage | CTx Tech Admission to the CTx-Boulevard and Aurora venue is completely free and can be obtained on the event website. The other options vary depending on your profile. You have all the information below and we invite you not to go too far, because Starting tomorrow we will raffle two VIP passes. If you want to attend the talks, the Innovation Hub (thematic areas of technology, entrepreneurship and innovation), the Social Hub (institutional content), the ADA Auditorium with the great speakers and general networking, the ticket you are interested in is CTx Experience. Its price is 20 euros. If you are looking to do business, investment opportunities, networking with more strategic profiles and access to the Investment Hub, it is best to opt for CTx Experience VIP. It is full access to the event, its areas and its possibilities. The price is 180 euros. If you have a startup or are an investor, there are also options for you in the Business and Startups categories. We are waiting for you in Seville and pay attention to Xataka for the ticket draw! More information and registration | CTx Tech

How to know where any Renfe train is in Spain in real time, and know if it has any delays

Let’s tell you how to know where any Renfe train is high speed, or long and medium distance. You will be able to do this with a website created by Renfe itself, where you can see all the Spanish railway traffic in real time. This is a particularly useful website when you want know where a specific train isso you can know the estimated time of arrival and if there are any delays. That’s why we are going to teach you how to use it. Watch Renfe trains in real time The first thing you have to know is that the website only monitors high-speed trains, or long and medium distance trains. This means that you will not find the Cercaníasbut the rest of the trains do, from the regional ones to the Euromed or the Ave. You can see them in motionand thus know where they are or if they have stopped. To access this website you have to go to the address real-time.longdistance.renfe.com. Inside you will see a map, where you will be able to see the railway network from all over the country, and zoom and navigate to see the area you want. When you zoom in you will be able to see the trains with different colors in the position they are in at all times. If you click on a train you will see all its information in a pop-up window. You will see your previous stop and next stop, your route and your identification number. You will also see the type of train it is and, most importantly, the expected time of your arrival. Next to this scheduled time you will see the time variation, which will show you the minutes of delay that the train is in, and the minutes of anticipation with respect to its initially scheduled arrival. You can also search for trains by their identification number. This way, if a family member is traveling to see you and gives you their train number, you will be able to monitor it in real time. When you search for a train, a column will also open on the right where you will see all its stops. In Xataka Basics | How to know if your train has canceled: where to look on Renfe, Iryo and Ouigo

whoever sells the shovels also wants to sell the map

NVIDIA prepares the launch of NemoClawits own open source platform for enterprise AI agents. The official announcement is expected for GTC 2026, the company’s annual conference, which starts on March 15 in San José. Why is it important. NVIDIA has built its dominance by being the neutral infrastructure provider: it sells shovels to anyone who wants to dig. NemoClaw changes that position. By entering the agent software layer, you begin to compete directly with Anthropic, Microsoft, Salesforce and the community itself open source which until now considered NVIDIA an ally, not a rival. The context. The obvious trigger has been OpenClawan open source AI agent that allows complex tasks to be executed locally without human intervention and that OpenAI acquired a few days ago. Its success showed that there is a huge demand for freelance agents, but it also exposed its risks: Meta even banned its use on business devices following an incident in which an agent accessed a computer without instructions and deleted emails en masse. Companies needed something more controlled and NVIDIA has seen the opportunity there. Between the lines. The platform will be hardware agnostic: it will run on chips from AMD, Intel and others, not just NVIDIA GPUs. It is an apparently generous movement that hides a clear expansionist logic. It’s the same move that Meta made with Llama: giving away the software to boost demand for the hardware that runs it. If NemoClaw ends up becoming the standard de facto For business players, NVIDIA will be able to maintain its influence on the ecosystem even if competition in chips intensifies. The big question. NVIDIA has reached out to Salesforce, Cisco, Google, Adobe and CrowdStrike to forge early partnerships, but none have confirmed any agreement. There are reasons for skepticism: Salesforce has Einstein, Google has Vertex AI Agent Builderand both have clear incentives not to give ground at the application layer. The fact that they contribute to NemoClaw’s open source does not prevent them from continuing to develop their own platforms in parallel. NVIDIA’s success will depend on whether NemoClaw brings something that no one else can, or if it is just another framework gathering dust on GitHub. Yes, but. Gartner estimates that more than four in ten agentic AI projects will have failed by 2027. The business agent market is promising, but still more promise than reality. Furthermore, NVIDIA is entering an area where its competitive advantage (raw silicon power) matters less than the ability to orchestrate complex workflows, manage agent memory, and ensure security in regulated environments. That’s something that chips don’t provide. In Xataka | If the question is how much OpenClaw is taking over, the answer is… in China they are lining up to install it Featured image | Xataka

Iran is planting sea mines in Hormuz. And what threatens to blow up is not ships: it is the world economy

On the maps it looks like just a gap of water between deserts, but it passes through that narrow corridor every day. a gigantic portion of the energy that moves the planet. So narrow that in some sections the ships navigate in maritime lanes of just a few kilometers, constantly monitored by radars, drones and military fleets. For decades, any tension at that point in the Persian Gulf has been capable of shake up prices of oil in a matter of minutes. Imagine if will plant mines. A war also at sea. As bombings and missiles focus attention on the conflict between the United States, Israel and Iran, a parallel battle has begun to unfold in the Persian Gulf. From the start of the warUS intelligence services They detected signs that Tehran could try to disrupt maritime traffic in the Strait of Hormuz by deploying naval mines and small fast boats. The threat is serious enough to have triggered public warnings of Washington and preventive military operations against Iranian ships suspected of participating in these maneuvers. In this context, the control of this narrow maritime corridor has become one of the strategic points more delicate of the conflict, because any disturbance there has immediate repercussions on the global energy supply. The strait, the global energy artery. There is no doubt, the tension is explained by the central role that Hormuz plays in the global energy system. Approximately a fifth of the oil consumed by the planet circulates through this strait of just a few dozen kilometers, in addition to a similar proportion of the international trade in liquefied natural gas. Every day they go through it in normal conditions about twenty million of barrels of crude oil from the producing countries of the Gulf heading to Asia, Europe and America. Powers like China, India, Japan or South Korea depend largely of this step to secure its energy supply, which turns any threat in these waters into an immediate global problem. It is no coincidence that even rumors or minor incidents in the area provoke immediate reactions in the oil markets. The new war. In that scenario it has begun a new phase of the conflict: that of oil tankers navigating between the risk of mines capable of shaking the planet’s economies. American intelligence reports indicate that Iran has begun deploying dozens of these explosives in the strait and keeps intact most of its fleet of small boats capable of planting hundreds more in a short time. The Revolutionary Guard controls much of the area next to the Iranian navy and has a combination of speedboats, minelayer boats, drones and coastal missile batteries that can turn the sea passage into a navigation trap. The goal would not necessarily be to sink large numbers of ships, that too, but to create enough uncertainty enough to paralyze global energy traffic, raise transportation costs and trigger a shock in international markets. In other words, a well-placed mine in these waters can have an economic impact that goes much further of the ship that hits it. First shocks. Faced with this threat, Washington has chosen for acting before mine deployment reaches a larger scale. The US military has confirmed (with videos included) a few hours ago the destruction of at least sixteen Iranian vessels involved in mining operations near the strait, in what US officials describe as pre-emptive strikes based on intelligence about Tehran’s operational plans. These actions seek to prevent Iran from turning the strait into a practically closed area to navigation before the deployment of explosives multiplies. At the same time, the White House has warned that any attempt to block the flow of oil will provoke a much more forceful military response than the operations carried out so far. Trapped oil and markets in panic. The economic consequences are already beginning to become visible. Since the start of the war, oil transit from the Gulf has seriously upsetwith millions of barrels per day that cannot leave the region normally. Countries like Iraq or Kuwait depend almost exclusively of this route to export its crude, which amplifies the potential impact of any interruption. Energy companies have started diverting ships or to look for alternative routeswhile Saudi Arabia tries to compensate for part of the problem by increasing the use of its oil pipeline to the Red Sea. In parallel, the International Energy Agency studies a massive liberation of strategic reserves to contain the impact of the energy crisis. A few kilometers to shake the world. The fragility of the situation is also explained by the geography of the enclave itself. At its narrowest point it barely has 34 kilometers wide and the navigation lanes through which the ships circulate barely exceed three kilometers in each direction. This narrowness makes the place extremely vulnerable to mines, drone attacks or coastal missiles. It is not the first time this has happened, in fact, since how do we countduring the so-called “tanker war” in the eighties, Iran already used mines in these same waters to pressure its adversaries during the conflict with Iraq. History, therefore, suggests that these types of tactics can be surprisingly effective in destabilizing global trade. A planetary blow. The extreme sensitivity of the energy markets to any news coming from Hormuz was fully demonstrated very recently, when a wrong message on social media suggested that the US Navy had successfully escorted a tanker through the strait. The simple rumor caused an immediate collapse of crude oil prices and a shake-up in financial markets before authorities clarified that no such operation had occurred. The episode illustrates the extent to which the world watches every movement in these waters with nervousness. In a global energy system so dependent on a few strategic corridors, the mine threat in the Strait of Hormuz has opened a new dimension of war: one in which fate of the world economy it may depend on a maritime corridor just a few kilometers wide. Image | nara, Picryl, naraNZ … Read more

Madrid was going to ban cars without a label forever. Now they will be able to circulate (almost) always

After two years extending a measure that had been scheduled for 2022, the Madrid City Council has confirmed that cars without a label that pay their taxes in the city will be able to circulate throughout (almost) the entire city. In these moments, They can do it under certain conditions but it is nothing more than an extension in the application of a measure that should have been activated in 2024. Now they want this to be forever. What has happened? Borja Carabante, head of the mobility area of ​​the Madrid City Council, has confirmed that the city will allow cars without a label to circulate in the city. In a press release that can be read at Europa Pressthe Popular Group of Madrid points out that the measure has to be approved with a modification of the Mobility Ordinance in which an amendment from this political group will be included. The modification has to be supported by more political groups but Vox’s support seems guaranteed. With this change, cars without a label that pay the circulation tax in the city will be able to move without restrictions except in the special protection zones, applied in Plaza Elíptica and the most central part of the city, what was once Madrid Central. But does this already apply? Yes and no. Right now, cars without a label cannot circulate in Madrid unless they are registered and pay their taxes in the city. Since 2024, cameras monitor all entrances to the city and only cars with DGT A badges (without label) those who pay the tax in Madrid can circulate. This measure should have been extended to all vehicles, without exception, without DGT labeling in 2024. That is, regardless of where their owners lived or where taxes were paid, these cars would be prohibited from circulating. What we want now is to give them free rein without the need for extensions. Extensions? Yes, extensions. December 12, 2024the Madrid City Council confirmed that the total ban on cars without a label was not going to apply. He then assured that the measure had a great impact on citizens and that since the air quality limits had been met, one more year unlabeled cars could circulate in Madrid as long as they paid their taxes in the capital. Therefore, in 2025 there was a free pass for these cars and 2026 should be the year in which the ban was confirmed. But as happened last year, On December 11, 2025, the message was repeated: Cars without a label will be able to circulate for another year. This time, however, it was pointed out that the impact of these cars was minimal because they were only counted about 14,000 vehicles who found themselves in this situation. From 1.2 million to a few. The controversy over the extensions has flown over the months of December 2024 and 2025. In August 2024, Associated European Motorists (AEA) had been warning that the measure left 1.2 million cars outside the city. As we tell you in Xatakathe figure was inaccurate and was due to errors in the vehicle count. In reality, we were talking about 246,000 cars. Last year, the doubt was raised again in the last days of the year and on December 11 it was confirmed: a new extension until 2026. This time the excuse was that the affected cars had a minimal impact on the city’s air quality. Now the mobility area amounts to just over 11,000 cars those that do not have a DGT label. This means that, in anticipation of the ban, tens of thousands of drivers had sold their cars to get one with at least a B label. Those same drivers have seen that those who did not sell and keep the car have ended up getting away with it. a detail. That is, if you want driving around Madrid with a car without a labelright now you can if the car pays its taxes in Madrid. But, yes, it has to be in your name and you must pay this tax in the city from 2022, an exceptional measure that was included so that thousands of drivers did not register their car in the city and circulated normally despite living outside of it. In the press release sent by the city’s mobility area this detail is not mentioned. In Xataka We have tried to contact this working group to confirm whether this restriction will remain in place or not but, at the time of writing, we have not received a response. Yes, but. In addition, there are two other vicissitudes to take into account. The first is that the information sent states that vehicles without a label will only be able to park in the regulated parking zones (Zona SER) of the neighborhoods where their owner lives. Therefore, if you want to travel to another neighborhood with Zona SER you will have to park in a public or private parking lot but off the streets. The other detail to take into account is that the passage will be allowed as long as the stations that monitor air quality levels do not exceed the maximum allowed of 40 micrograms per cubic meter of NOx that would activate the anti-pollution protocol that begins to restrict the circulation of vehicles and that with Manuela Carmena at the helm came to limit circulation by license plate number. Madrid has been complying with the established air quality limits for four years and with Martínez-Almeida at the helm, this protocol has never been activated, so its activation, if it occurs, would be exceptional. Photo | NuKi Chikhladze and Quique Olivar In Xataka | The icing on the cake for Madrid’s works: the city has become a gymkhana of reforms, cuts and annoyances

the muscle still comes from outside

The United States has embarked on a journey: that of technological sovereignty. It is something that others share powers like Europe and China in search of a scenario in which they do not depend on foreign countries to develop their industry. The American country is investing huge amounts of money pursuing that goal, but it is running into a problem: although its industry is growing, it is doing so thanks to foreign muscle. And that means that the usual ones continue to dominate, but now on American soil. In short. Applied Materials is an American company that supplies semiconductor manufacturing services, software, and equipment. It is the second largest supplier of semiconductor equipment in the world, only behind ASML -the European who dominates the conversation-. The US wants to change that and is investing to achieve it. To this end, they have just signed a research alliance with Micron and SK Hynix, two of the giants in the memory market and, although no amounts have been detailed, it represents another high-profile acquisition for the EPIC Center. EPIC. That modest name comes from ‘Equipment and Process Innovation and Commercialization’, and is the spearhead of American investment in semiconductors. It is a $5 billion facility in the heart of Silicon Valley and it is expected that it can begin operating sooner rather than later. It is the country’s largest investment in research and development of advanced semiconductor equipment and, with an impressive 16,700 m2 clean room, the idea is accelerate development of equipment and processes to create advanced memory chips. EPIC still does not want to eat ASML’s toast, but the foundations are definitely being laid for the US to achieve that technological independence that it does not have right now. Even Intel, the great american foundrydepends on advanced ASML machines, for example. The ‘Galacticos’ of AI. For now, EPIC will focus on researching and developing machines that allow advanced memory chips to be created in a shorter cycle than what they currently require, which is between 10 and 15 years. And there SK Hynix and Micron have a lot to contribute. They are two of the largest advanced memory companies for artificial intelligence and, as pointed out Reutersentering as founding partners in the EPIC Center will accelerate the development of next-generation memory chips that seem crucial to keep pace with the demands of artificial intelligence. But… do you know What other company has Applied Materials signed? to be part of EPIC? To Samsung, the company that, together with SK Hynix and Micron, leads the baton of memory High bandwidth for AI. It is a very interesting strategic move because Samsung and SK Hynix are already manufacturing the HBM4 memory for the NVIDIA Vera Rubin platformbut by combining efforts in a center like EPIC, they will be able to shorten deadlines for future generations. YoSouth Korean invasion. Obviously, each company will continue to wage war on its own and invest in R&D to be able to win the race in the sector, but as members of the EPIC Center, they will also contribute their grain of sand and experience to accelerate the development of future technologies. Micron, for example, focusing on high-bandwidth memories, NAND and DRAM. And SK Hynix researching materials for memory chips and advanced 3D packaging for next-generation DRAM and HBM. But there is a “little problem”: two of the three are foreigners. One of Donald Trump’s objectives to recover the American industrial fabric was for American companies with American workers to take the lead. It was one of the reasons for ‘rescue’ with 2 billion dollars to an Intel that was somewhat misplaced and that is reborn from its ashes, pointing out ways to be the great american foundry. But with the search for solutions for AI and to stop depending so much on the European ASML, the US is finding that foreign companies are the ones that are arriving with muscle and money. Samsung and SK Hynix are South Korean, but they are not the only ones gaining ground in the country. And Taiwanese. TSMC It is the other proper name. The Taiwanese giant is looking to expand in case things get ugly between China and Taiwan. They have been for years analyzing a project in Germany and in Japanbut they already have a plant in the United States and are making more land to expand its facilities. So… yes, the United States is reindustrializing and taking steps to be an important entity in the semiconductor manufacturing industry. But, curiously, much of that muscle to promote technological sovereignty continues to come from outside. Images | TSMCIntel In Xataka | The collapse of software companies on the stock market has a counterpart: hardware companies are doing great

How to have your own specialized AI with the data and knowledge that you give it using NotebookLM

Let’s explain to you how to have an AI trained with your own dataso that you can then ask questions related to them. For this we are going to use NotebookLMwhich is slowly becoming the artificial intelligence more useful and productive. What we are going to do is explain to you in a very simple way the main function of this tool, which is to create a notebook and upload your own sources of knowledgeso that all the questions you ask are based on this information you have uploaded. To process the information and generate the answers, the model will be used Gemini. It will maintain features such as understanding what you write and generating text, but the answers will be based solely on the sources you have added. An AI specialized in what you tell it The first thing you have to do is enter notebooklm.google.comand create a new notebook. NotebookLM is a tool that you can use for free, although with a limit of 50 free fonts. If you want your notebook to have more, then you will have to pay. When you’re creating your first notebook, you’ll be able to upload your first font. You can upload fonts in several waysusing a website whose data you want to use, uploading files that can be PDFs, images, documents or audios, YouTube videos, Drive folders or copied text. When you upload the first source, your notebook will be created. In it, at the top you can give it a specific name to differentiate it. You will have a tab of Sources where you can upload new elements as sources, and activate or deactivate the ones you want whenever you want. If you enter the tab Chatthen you will go to a Gemini type chat. In it, you can ask him questions about whatever you want, and will respond to you with the data from the sources that you have uploaded. If the answer to your question is not in the sourcesthen Gemini within your NotebookLM will respond clearly with a message. In this message he will tell you that the documents provided do not have mentions of what you have asked him. You have a configuration button in the section Chatwhere you will be able to define both the role of AI and its objectives in conversations and the length of the responses it gives you. This way, you can adapt it to what you need. You also have a tab Studiowhere you have different types of elements that you can create based on the sources or documents you have uploaded. So, if you are looking for more than textual answers, you can also create other elements such as audio summaries to listen to whenever you want, presentations or flashcards. In Xataka Basics | The best prompts to save hours of work and do your tasks with ChatGPT, Gemini, Copilot or other artificial intelligence

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