unknown

75% of the universe is made of unknown matter. Australia has gone to look for her 1 km underground

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More than a kilometer underground, in an old gold mine in a small Australian town, a group of scientists is building a laboratory that aims to look where no one has been able to look before. Its name is SABER South, and its mission sounds simple but borders on the impossible: detect the particles that make up dark matter, that mysterious component of which, until now, we only sense its existence. The search begins. To understand how we got here, we have to travel back to 1998. That year, an experiment in the underground laboratory of Gran Sasso, in Italy, registered a strange signal which some interpreted as a clue to dark matter. That observation, known as DAMA/NaI, ignited a scientific career that has not stopped since. Now, Australia enters that global race. According to ABC News AustraliaSABER South will be the first dark matter detector in the southern hemisphere and will begin collecting data next year. Its director, physicist Phillip Urquijo, explains that the objective is to reproduce the Italian observations and check whether these signals are real or the product of interference from the environment. Currently, three other teams—in Italy, Spain and South Korea— they are still trying to replicate the original experiment. However, the Australian project has a unique advantage: its location in the southern hemisphere will allow the data to be compared with those from the north and rule out seasonal or local effects. The enigma of the invisible universe. Powered by the University of Melbourne and the ARC Center of Excellence for Dark Matter Particle Physics, seeks to understand the nature of a substance that surrounds everything, but that no one has ever seen. The Standard Model of physics accurately describes the particles and forces we know, but it still leaves too many gaps unfilled. One of the biggest is this: why don’t galaxies disintegrate? What holds them together if everything we see—planets, stars, gas, dust—barely adds up to 5% of the universe? The rest is hidden from view. The physicists They estimate that around 27% would be dark matter and another 68% would be dark energy. Physicist Elisabetta Barberio, director of the ARC Center of Excellence for Dark Matter Particle Physics, puts it bluntly: “Between 75% and 80% of the universe is made of something we can’t see or touch. This experiment brings us closer to discovering what most of the cosmos is really made of.” Therefore, if SABER South detects WIMPs —those hypothetical massive particles that interact weakly—, we would be facing a new form of matter and, perhaps, facing a physics that goes beyond the Standard Model. Simply put: it would demonstrate that almost everything that exists has a tangible structure. And every time humanity has understood a new force or particle, technologies that previously seemed like science fiction have appeared: semiconductors, lasers or magnetic resonance. A mine converted into a cosmic laboratory. The experiment is carried out at the Stawell Underground Physics Laboratory (SUPL), excavated 1,025 meters deep a distance that is equivalent to a protection of almost three kilometers of water, enough to block cosmic rays and natural radiation that could interfere with the measurements. The laboratory is air-conditioned, has filtered air and has data connections linking to the University of Melbourne. At its heart, a room-sized detector houses ultrapure sodium iodide (NaI) crystals. When a WIMP particle collides with an atom in the crystal, it produces a tiny flash of light, so weak that it lasts just a few nanoseconds. These flashes are captured by photomultiplier tubes (PMT), devices capable of transforming light into measurable electrical pulses. The crystals they are submerged in a scintillating liquid—linear alkylbenzene (LAB)—that acts as a “veto”: if the LAB detects light at the same time as the crystal, the event is discarded as background noise. The entire system is sealed inside a low-radioactivity stainless steel tank, surrounded by alternating layers of steel and polyethylene, and monitored from above by a muon detector. A machine that listens to itself. SABER South will operate almost autonomously. According to the technical reports of the projectthe system records in real time the temperature, humidity, detector voltage, nitrogen gas flow and even mine vibrations. If something goes out of normal values, it generates an automatic alert. In addition, human presence will be minimal: scientists will monitor the data remotely and will only access the laboratory for specific maintenance tasks. Even before its construction, the operation of the detector was simulated with the GEANT4 software, a tool also used by NASA and CERN. These simulations allowed us to estimate the background radiation levels and optimize the sensitivity of the system. Each light pulse captured will be analyzed with programs designed to distinguish between noise and possible real signals. Some are not optimistic. In a study by the University of Ottawa, physicist Rajendra P. Gupta poses that what we think we see as dark matter could just be a mathematical effect. Their model suggests that the fundamental constants of the universe could vary with time, and that the so-called “tired light”—the loss of energy of photons as they travel through space—would explain the observations that until now we attribute to an invisible mass. Waiting for the flash. For years to come, SABER South’s crystals will remain in the shadows of the mine, waiting for a flash so faint it could barely illuminate a speck of dust. If that signal is confirmed, it would be the first direct trace of dark matter, the invisible glue that holds galaxies together. But if it doesn’t appear, it will also be an answer: a sign that perhaps the universe works in a way we don’t yet understand. As detailed theoretical physicist Nicole Bellfrom the University of Melbourne: “This project represents the definitive quest to understand the world in which we live.” And perhaps, in that tiny spark beneath the ground, humanity will find the answer to a question it has been pursuing for decades: what is the universe actually made of? Image | … Read more

Microsoft has just made the greatest investment in its history. And not in Openai, but in an unknown Dutch company

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Nebius Group, an unknown company based in Amsterdam, has signed a surprising multiannual agreement worth $ 19.4 billion with Microsoft. It is in fact the largest investment ever made by the firm of Redmond, and the question, of course, is why. What is Nebius Group. The company was founded in 1989 as Yandex NV, Yandex’s legal matrix, the well -known search engine that was a rival of Google in Russia. After the invasion of Ukraine by Russia, Nebius Group Yandex sold to a group of Russian investorschanged his name to the current one and focused on a key segment: that of artificial intelligence. Data centers to power. Specifically, in the field of servers and data centers. Since then Nebius Group has been dedicated to providing cloud infrastructure for companies that develop and run AI models. Your rivals They are companies such as Coreweave, Crusoe or Lambda Labs, which are a step below the “hyperscators”, Aws, Azure, Google Cloud or Oracle. The agreement. In it Document registered in the SEC The US indicates that Nebius will yield the computing capacity of the GPUS of its data centers in varisa phases this year and the one that comes, and that the total value of the contract will be 17.4 billion until 2031, with an option for Microsoft to extend those services worth 2,000 million additional dollars. Microsoft cloud reinforcement. The agreement will allow Microsoft to access the computing resources available to Nebius in its Vineland Data Center (New Jersey, USA). It is a movement clearly for solve the shortage of resources that is coming when managing AI workloads: more and more users make use of this type of technology and Microsoft current data centers have a limited capacity. More than OpenAi. The operation is even greater than the one that Redmond’s firm He did in Openai Estimated at $ 13,000. This alliance has allowed Microsoft to have exclusive access to OpenAi’s models and reuse them in the form of its Copilot platform. Meanwhile, Openai has been able to use the Microsoft infrastructure to train and serve those same models to the general public. Nebius rises to the beast in the stock market. The agreement has triggered the value of Nebius’s shares, which had already folded their value in what we had been, but after the news They have grown 60%. The effect is contagious, because one of its srival, Coreweave, has also risen 5% in the stock market without having made any announcement: it has simply become possible candidate for Microsoft or any other large company to invest in its services soon. European taste centers. Although it has roots in Russia, Nebius seems to want to leave that past behind to settle definitively in the European Union. The company current account with five data centers: three operations (Helsinki, New Jersey and Kansas City) and two in development (Keflavik, in Iceland, and Paris). The focus on the installation of data centers in European territory is clear, as these last two projects in full development demonstrate. Another great “European” unicorn. After the creation of its Data Center in Paris – which will presume to have N200 N200 chips – Nebius announced its intention to invest more than 1,000 million dollars in mid -2025 in its AI infrastructure in Europe. Its new data centers in Paris and Iceland demonstrate that vocation, and the company is managing to capitalize on that commitment to AI. It is undoubtedly one of the last protagonists of the European technological scene, which little by little begins to raise alternatives. Freepik did it in Spainthey have done it Mistral and ASML with its unique agreement This week, and now Nebius does. Image | Nebius In Xataka | The ASML-Mistral alliance reveals the European plan B: if we cannot manufacture chips, we will at least control how they are manufactured

In 2015, the US revealed the meeting of two fighters with an “unknown object”. China has just presented it to the world

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At the end of 2017 the New York Times launched One of that news that is remembered for what it could mean. A secret program of the Pentagon was revealed that was dedicated to investigating the threats raised by possible UFOs. And among all the information, the star news: the encounter of an unidentified object with two combat fighters (with video included). The origin of those strangers in the sky has never been confirmed. Until China has announced something. The echo of the “gimbal”. As we said, that object video called as “gimbal”, captured by A F/A-18 From the US Navy, he unleashed a global debate on inexplicable aerial phenomena and technologies beyond known military capacities. Today, almost a decade later, China, through the Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, has presented A tracing of what we saw in those images, an experimental take -off and vertical landing drone (Vtol) whose design, surprisingly, reminds that of that mysterious artifact: a fuselage With elliptical wing in closed ring -shaped, reinforced by vertical stabilizers and four rotors located at the binding points. One of the Chinese Experimental Drones in Test Flight in Zhengzhou, Henan Province The Chinese revolution in Vtol. At first glance it seems A flying spindle more than a conventional aircraft or quadcopter. However, in that unorthodox form an engineering is hidden that combines the best of multi -reliable and fixed -wing systems: maneuvering capacity and vertical support to operate from ships, irregular land or even aquatic surfaces, and at the same time aerodynamic efficiency in horizontal flight, thanks to a wing whose slope of support curve overcomes In more than 100% to that of a straight wing. Radical aerodynamics. Beijing researchers have that the annular wing channels high pressure flows and delays the loss, which allows stable to fly At low speeds or high attack angles, key conditions for military recognition missions in complex environments. The horizontal stabilizer mounted at the ends avoids internal turbulence and improves control. Plus: Tunnel tests and test flights confirmed that the device maintains the adhered flow even in extreme conditionsvalidating computational models that predicted a leap in benefits. A close look at DRON VTOL Chino Purposes. Its robust modular structure allows, on paper, integrate Optical sensors, thermal cameras, rescue equipment or supply capsules, which makes it a multipurpose platform for both military missions (battlefield supervision, maritime surveillance) and For civil applications (Environmental analysis, rescue in difficult access areas, light emergency transport). Limitations and margin of improvement. The great challenge is still The aerodynamic draginherent to the geometry of the closed wing. In that sense, researchers They have underlined that work to refine the profile to reduce pressure resistance and optimize the support/resistance ratio. Plus: They seek to perfect control algorithms to minimize unnecessary corrections that generate induced drag, and also study “more stylized variants designed to operate from war ships”, which would multiply its strategic value in naval operations. Of speculation to the battlefield. Thus, what for much of the world was A ufological unknowns A decade ago, China has now translated it into a tangible system, the result of the convergence of academic research and, of course, military pressure to reach the next generation of drones. If in the cold war the boldest experiments were on paper, today engineering (and China goes in the top positions) manages to validate designs that were just a few years ago as pure fantasy. The similarity with the “gimbal” is casual or intentional, but the truth is that the drone opens a different aerodynamic languageone in which the borders between science fiction and military development are blurred. Image | Handout, Pentagon, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics In Xataka | The Pentagon confirms the truth and shows for the first time three “secret” videos of alleged UFOs that had leaked In Xataka | The Pentagon has just published the study on the material found in 1947 from an alleged “extraterrestrial” ship

The science behind one of the AI pillars has an origin as unexpected as unknown: pigeons pecking for food

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Imagine a missile guided by a dove. It sounds absurd, but it happened in the middle of war: someone proposed to train them to Picute the target from a screen and thus redirect the projectile. The system was never usedbut left something more powerful than the anecdote: A way of learning based on proof, error and reward. The comparison helps to understand logic, but it is not literal: today there are no birds in algorithms; What is maintained is the idea of strengthening behaviors through signals. That logic, simple and direct, is the one that many artificial intelligence models follow. What was previously an answer conditioned by food, is now a score, a preference or human indication that the model learns to pursue. The test and reinforcement mechanism was not lost over time. In the 1940s and 1950s, the American psychologist Burrhus Frederic Skinner formalized that idea with his theory of “operant conditioning”: A behavior increases its probability of repeating itself if its consequences are positive. Although behaviorism was displaced by approaches focused on mental processes, its logic found a new field in computer science. Since the end of the seventies and, above all, in the eighties and ninety, Richard Sutton and Andrew Barto applied it to the design of artificial agents capable of acting, receiving a signal and adjust ‘Reinforcement Learning: An Introduction’. As Mit Technology Review points outthe idea of molding behaviors without resorting to fixed rules became a useful tool to teach machines. From the 1980s, reinforcement learning began to be implemented in algorithms that explore simulated environments, fail, receive feedback and try again. They do not follow human instructions step by step: learn based on the result. This approach proved to be especially effective in tasks with clear objectives, such as games. And it was there that he gave one of his most visible jumps. Alphago’s story marked a before and after in artificial intelligence. In March 2016, he beat South Korean Lee Sedol 4-1 in a series of Go games. He succeeded by combining supervised learning of human games and reinforcement learning. A year later, Deepmind was one step further with Alphago Zero. Instead of training with human data, he started from scratch and learned playing against himself: each victory reinforced his strategy, each defeat the corregía. In 40 days he surpassed not only the human championbut also to all the previous versions of Alphago himself. Today, reinforcement learning is not only used in games; It is also used to refine the models behind services such as Chatgpt. The OpenAI system incorporates a technique known as Reinforcement learning with human feedback (RLHF): people compare model responses and those preferences become a signal that guides their evolution. According to Openai, this phase seeks to align the behavior of the model with the user’s intention. It does not learn explicit rules, but patterns that maximize the reward, that is, what receives better assessments. Reinforcement works, but it doesn’t work for everything. Its effectiveness depends on the signal being well defined and represents the objective well. If it is confused or poorly designed, andThe system can adopt ineffective or even problematic strategies. This has fed a scientific debate. Some biologists have indicated the paradox: Association learning is considered limited to animals, but is celebrated in AI when it produces advanced results. It is no accident that great technology have adopted this approach. More than 80 years after that experiment with pigeons, their pecks are still present in the technology we use every day. Images | Nist Museum | Google | Xataka with Gemini 2.5 Pro In Xataka | The strange case of the diminutive AI: how tiny models are taking the colors to the mastodons of the AI

Connecting to unknown networks can be risky for your personal data. Protecting you don’t cost even 2 euros per month

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It is a reality: cyber attacks have become increasingly common. There is a lot of undesirable loose looking to get sensitive information, whether large companies or a user like us. If we work from home or we usually connect with our network we have a safety layer, but what if we use ourselves A network on which we don’t have any control? The good news is that there are several ways to protect our Internet traffic, wherever we are. The simplest, useful and effective way to do so is to use a VPN, and if we can afford it, better bet on one of payment. In fact, There are very cheap: Surfshark’s barely costs 1.99 euros a month. Protect your traffic and IP with a good VPN As we say, it exists A good variety of free VPNperfect if we need to use something at a timely moment. The problem they have is that, in addition to being little safe, They work limitedly in terms of traffic or speed volume. For this reason, the ideal is to bet on a payment like this Surfshark, which also has a great price. One of the advantages that this has is that We can install it in an unlimited number of devicesideal to take it in the laptop, on the mobile or on the tablet (or everywhere at the same time). With this, we can protect our Internet traffic, thus gaining a greater dose of privacy. Moreover, it also helps us hide our IP, information that is better to keep away from undesirable. Surfshark VPN is included in its Starter Plan, which also comes with another tool called ALTERNATIVE ID. With it, we can create a series of fictitious data to use them on web pages where we do not want to enter our real information. That way, we keep our personal data at a good collection. As we have commented before, for 1.99 euros A month we have a quality VPN. That means that its two -year plan comes out for a total price of 47.76 euros, a fairly affordable price to have this tool with us for a long season. There does not end the thing, because we will also receive three extra monthsin such a way that we will have surfshark for 27 months instead of 24. You may also interest you NORDVPN – Basic Plan (Monthly) * Some price may have changed from the last review Some of the links of this article are affiliated and can report a benefit to Xataka. In case of non -availability, offers may vary. Images | Chase Chappell in Unspash In Xataka | In Xataka |

Galileo Galilei of the 21st century is an unknown man who has discovered more moons than no one is going to discover

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If they asked you about an astronomer, you would probably think of Copernicus or Galileo Galilei. Maybe Carl Sagan came to mind. If they add “to be alive,” you might answer Neil Degrasse Tyson or, in the event that you are a fan of Queen, Brian May. The name that would hardly come out in the conversation is Scott S. Sheppard, an astronomer as prolific as unknown. The number 1 in yours. Yeah Cristiano Ronaldo He is the greatest scorer in the history of professional football, Scott S. Sheppard is the CR7 to discover objects in our solar system. In total, he has put his name in more than 200 planetary moons: 78 of Jupiter, 119 of Saturn, three from Uranus and three of Neptune. Practically half of all known planetary moons. A record that, as points out Iflscienceprobably will never be overcome, and he has continued to swell it in recent months. The true king of Jupiter. In April, the International Astronomical Union (IAU) confirmed the discovery of two new moons in Jupiter, raising the official total giant to 97. Their provisional names are S/2017 J 11 and S/2017 J 10. Both are small moons and with retrograde orbits, that is, they revolve in the opposite direction to the rotation of the planet, something common in the outer and smaller satellites of Jupiter. And yes, he has discovered them Scott S. Sheppardthat with these two new findings, he adds almost 80 moons of Jupiter to his credit. To put it in perspective: Galileo discovered the first and largest moons of Jupiter in 1610. Since 2000, Sheppard has overwhelmingly dominated the search for Jovian satellites. What is resisting: Planet 9. He extensive curriculum Sheppard looks more like the index of an astronomical atlas than to the discoveries of a single person. In addition to natural satellites in Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptunethis astronomer of the Carnegie Institution for Science in Washington DC has also discovered 23 minor planets, six candidates for dwarf planets, three comets that bear their name (Sheppard – Trujillo, Sheppard – Tholen and Trujillo – Sheppard) and The most distant object ever observed In the Solar System: 2018 Ag37 “Farfarout”, about 130 times the distance between Earth and the Sun. This is where your work becomes even more fascinating. Many of his discoveries are transneptunian objects such as 541132 Leleākūhonua “The Goblin”. And it is no accident. Sheppard and his colleague Chadwick Trujillo found them while looking for something much bigger: The hypothetical planet nine. Themselves proposed in 2014 The existence of a superstraier -type distant planet to explain the strange orbits grouped from objects such as the Minor Sedna planet. Image | Carnegie Science In Xataka | What types of satellites exist: guide not to get lost in a gigantic network of which we are increasingly dependent

Not even the greatest US attack has achieved its goal in Iran. Nobody knows where is the great unknown of 400 kg

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After the first hours, and with them the Trump statements That the Iranian nuclear program had been “complete and totally annihilated”, senior US officials have recognized that, in reality, they do not know where the most sensitive Iranian element is, an unknown of 400 kilograms of reserve. A latent bomb. After the overwhelming offensive American Aeria on the main Nuclear facilities From Iran (Fordow, Natanz and Isfahán), the attention of intelligence agencies does not focus solely on craters, but on an invisible but crucial element: the, a priori, just over 400 kg of enriched uranium at 60%, very close to the military threshold, whose whereabouts remains uncertain. As we said, despite the Trump’s proclamations On Iranian nuclear capabilities, experts and officials recognize that the true unknown is whether the material was destroyed, transferred (they have had plenty of time since the conflict broke out) or disseminated in clandestine facilities. The difference between a neutralized nuclear and latent program It depends on the destination of that vital stock. The Shadow of Fordow. He counted In the Financial Times The former American official Richard Nephew, that the destruction of the visible facilities It might not have affected the most sensitive material, stored in dust Inside metal cylinders in deeply excavated tunnels. Fordowbeing hidden under a mountain, would have offered limited but not zero protection. However, there is a growing suspicion that they will move their uranium Before bombingwhich would represent an early strategic play. An informant of the Iranian regime declared that it would have been “very naive” to leave uranium in the attacked sites, and assured that the material It is still intact. Moreover, figures such as the director of the OIEA, Rafael Grossi, They take for granted After reviewing satellite images and logistic movements records near underground tunnels in Fordow, which Iran could have evacuated uranium days before of attacks. Silent withdrawal. Explained The New York Times that those evidence suggest that they will go displaced part of the uranium From Isfahán, its main storage center, towards still unknown sites. Although the centrifuging (key pieces of the enrichment process) could not be evacuated due to their size and complexity, the stored fuel would have been mobile enough as to be extracted in discrete vehicles. Satellite images showed At least 16 trucks Near the accesses to Fordow days before the attack, which reinforces the theory of a preventive evacuation. Natanz’s installation, on the other hand, It was devastated by Israel, which disabled the superficial enrichment center and caused a blackout that probably destroyed the centrifugators. However, Iran had already begun the construction of a deeper underground installation to the south of the city, although it ensures that it still It is not operational. Between deterrence and clandestine activity. Although Iran insists that his program It has civil endsthe partial destruction of its infrastructure and the selective murder of at least eleven nuclear scientists have fed voices within the regime they suggest Check the doctrine nuclear. International analysts fear that the coup catalogs a turn towards hidingwith the installation of new advanced centrifugers and the restart of activities in unstalled facilities. To the big question about those 408 kg of 60%uranium, Iran could in a matter of days refine it until reaching the necessary purity For nuclear weapons (90%) if you have the necessary technical team, although the miniaturization and assembly process would still take months or even a year. Precedents The cases of India, Pakistan and North Korea show that, even under international surveillance, it is possible to build a hidden nuclear capacity. Sima Shine, Mossad’s intelligence formerist, He affirmed in FT Being convinced that Iran has already relocated both their enriched uranium and part of their technical infrastructure, which would allow a quick reload if the political decision is made. In other words: despite the military coup, political will, scientific knowledge and industrial experience remain intact. Collapse of international control. We have counted before. The inspections of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) are They have suspended Due to Israeli attacks, which has left a critical void in the verification of the Iranian program. Even before the offensive, Iranian cooperation with the agency had drastically decreasedand Tehran had already secretly built a third unstalled enrichment installation. Israel managed to damage Natanz and Isfahán, but acknowledged that he had no capacity to destroy Fordow without the help of the United States, which contributed His antibunker artillery more powerful inside its B-2. The big doubt. Thus, nobody knows exactly if we are facing an end point or A phase change. The emerging consensus between analysts is that the Iranian nuclear program has not been destroyed, but Your known form. If you survive, It will be transformed: either in a clandestine program aimed at obtaining weapons, or (in case of successful negotiations) in a purely civil version, devoid of the complete fuel cycle. Advisor Ali Shamkhani summed up with coldness: “Although the facilities are destroyed, the game is not over.” The capacities, material and determination are still there. Hence, the real outcome may not depend on visible craters, but on the dust stored in Some hidden place of the Iranian subsoil. And until you know where that uranium is, the “unknown” has only become more difficult to track. Image | Maxar In Xataka | For 125 airplanes and 14 bombs to reach Iran, the US used one of the oldest tactics of war: perfidy In Xataka | Russia recalled a threat that appears in the war between Iran and Israel: the possibility of a nuclear disaster

The “Ozempic effect” that is filling the mirrors with unknown faces

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Thanks to Ozempic, many people have managed to fulfill a goal that had been chasing for years: losing weight faster. What was not expected is that it came with a collateral effect that was not on the prospect: an alien face. In the mirror there is another person. Fallen cheeks, loss of volume, sagging … and no, it is not natural aging. In social networks it has been baptized as “face Ozempic ”, a consequence of accelerated success in weight loss. According to Cleveland Clinicthese effects are not directly caused by the medication, but by the rapid loss of facial fat that accompanies weight loss. The trend. The conversation has gained strength especially after the testimonies of celebrities who have decided to talk about the physical changes they have experienced after using this type of medicines. One of the most popular voices has been that of Sharon Osbourne, British presenter, who has recognized having lost more than 15 kilos with Ozempic, but not without consequences. “I wouldn’t use it again. I look very thin and older, I regret it,” has declared In an interview with The Daily Mail. On the other hand, in social networks, many people are showing change with pride. On platforms like Tiktok, images of the before and afterhighlighting the physical transformation achieved with the use of Ozempic and similar medications. Science behind. From the medical point of view, the explanation is simple: if you lose very fast fat, you also lose it on your face. And not all the skin returns to its place. As detailed by Dr. Nyla Raja, Dermatologist with Clinic in Mayfair, In statements to the Evening Standard“When the thinning process is so accelerated, the skin does not have time to fall, which leads to sagging and a more aging appearance.” This loss of support in key areas such as cheekbones or jaw can cause the face to look more tired or aged than expected. It is not irreversible. Although the effects can be worrisome, there are solutions. Some dermatologists and nutritionists have agreed that the best way to avoid these consequences is to plan a gradual weight loss. According to Forbes has collectedmaintaining a rhythm of moderate weight loss, following a feed rich in protein and collagen, and practicing strength training can help preserve the facial structure. In some cases, aesthetic treatments such as radiofrequency, dermal fillings or even facial lifting are also resorted to correct the offalter. But… There are more effects. However, other unexpected ones are added to this phenomenon. According to The Independentthere are other secondary symptoms that are increasingly being documented. One of the most striking is “Ozempic language”, which is caused by oral dryness, which generates an alteration in taste. For its part, like has reported the same mediumDr. Tim Bradstock-Smith has pointed out that some patients experience “dry mouth, dental hypersensitivity and loss of volume on lips and cheeks, which compromises both aesthetics and oral health.” Besides, I know They have reported cases Blurred vision and, in rare situations, loss of vision associated with the use of semaglutida. The debate is no longer limited to the medical field. Ozempic, like other medicines to lose weight, has become a mirror of collective priorities: a culture of immediacy where the ideal body seems to be an injection of distance. But it is also true that, for many people, represents a real opportunity of recovering health, taking control over your weight and improving your quality of life. Reducing this conversation to aesthetic changes would be to simplify a deeply personal decision. Behind each treatment there are different stories, emotions and contexts. We live in a society every time more crossed by obsessions and trends that are born – and they are amplified – on social networks, where the ideal body is repeated with Filters and algorithms. At that cross, the direction that takes health, self -esteem and beauty is quite complex and dangerous. Image | Unspash and Instagram Xataka | Losing weight without losing muscle is the great challenge of drugs such as Ozempic. A protein keeps the key to face it

China’s future in the chips industry is in the hands of a single company almost unknown: Sicarrier

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Sicarrier is not a Chinese company. When we repair the country’s semiconductor industry led by Xi Jinping probably many of us think of companies like Huawei, SMICHua Hong semiconductor or Naura Technologyamong others. But not in Sicarrier. Until just a few weeks this company It was a real unknown Beyond China’s borders, but in a record time it has attracted the attention of the global industry of integrated circuits. And he has done it for a weight reason: it is the authentic responsible for China currently having the ability to produce avant -garde chips. Although it was founded in 2021, during the last four years Sicarrier has maintained a very low profile. Its origin is not entirely clear, but The most reliable sources They collect that this company is probably a huawei split. What we know for sure is that it is a state company administered by the Shenzhen government. Sicarrier’s soul are veteran engineers of ASML and Applyed Materials I will not prolong the mystery more: Sicarrier is dedicated to designing and manufacturing photolithography equipment and wafering processing machines. In fact, the more than 30 products that it has presented just a few weeks ago in SemiCon China 2025 competes with the solutions of the Dutch company ASMLthe Japanese Tokyo Electron or the American Apply materials. It is shocking that a company with just four years already has proposals capable of competing in the market of chips manufacturing equipment. But it seems to have earned it. Whatever this presumable success is not the result of chance. And is that his main team is led by engineers with more than two decades of experience in the ranks of ASML and Applyed Materials. In fact, these technicians are surely responsible for the milestone for which Sicarrier is probably in the spotlight of the US administration: the technology used by Huawei and SMIC for MANUFACT 7 NM INTEGRATED CIRCUITS derives from a patent that seeks to make the production of 5 Nm chips possible using equipment from deep ultraviolet lithography (UVP). The technology used by Huawei and SMIC to make 7 Nm chips derives from a patent from Sicarrier The most ambicious lithography equipment by Chinese integrated circuit manufacturers is the extreme ultraviolet lithography machine (UVE). ASML is the only company that produces them, but THE SANCTIONS TO CHINA DE USA They prevent you from giving it to your Chinese clients. The problem is that this equipment is necessary to produce on a large scale and with a competitive price semiconductors of 7 Nm or with even more advanced integration technologies. Sicarrier has not presented a UVE photolithography team in China 2025. It is very unlikely to have it, but, at the same time, it is reasonable to anticipate that their engineers will be working on a machine of these characteristics. The teams that this company has already made known, or, at least, has officialized, are A 28 Nm immersion lithography machinean engraving equipment for advanced nodes below 7 Nm, diffusion machines for rapid thermal processing, chemical vapor deposition equipment for nodes of 28 to 5 Nm, verification machines and test for advanced integrated circuits, etc. The retahíla of lithography and wafering processing that Sicarrier has presented in Semi -Con China 2025 is long. As I mentioned a few lines above, these products compete with the proposals of ASML, Applied Materials or Tokyo Electron, although the authentic Sicarrier fire test will be the tuning of a UVE lithography machine. Du liqun, the president of this company, has declared that its strategy requires betting on the development of avant -garde lithography equipment, selective deposition machines and latest generation transist technologieslike ga (Gate-alall-around), which is already part of the Porfolio of TSMC, Intel and Samsung. It is still early to identify if Sicarrier will live up to the expectations it has generated, but there is no doubt: there is a new actor in the integrated circuit industry. And it is worth following the track very closely. Image | Sicarrier More information | Nomad semi In Xataka | This is China’s big problem with chips: Huawei will manufacture its Kirin X90 for PC using the 7 Nm of SMIC

We have just discovered that 20% of our DNA comes from an unknown hominid population: population B

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Perhaps at this point on remembering that human evolution is more like the branched structure of trees than to the linear image that we often use to illustrate it, that image in which our ancestors are irrigating and pertrechating tools. However, the bifurcations of these tree branches fail to illustrate some evolutionary changes. Because sometimes species not only diverge, they also converge. A recent genetic study has detected The trail in the human DNA of an old population that separated from our main lineage approximately 1.5 million years ago to converge some time later. The study has estimated that the genetic legacy of this second population (or population b) represents approximately 20% of our DNA today. The study responsible for the study also raises the possibility that this legacy has been positive for our species. According to the hypothesis raised, these genes would have been contributed to improve our cognitive capacity. “The question about where we come is one of those that has fascinated humans for centuries,” explained in a press release Trevor Cousins, co -author of the study. “For a long time, it had been assumed that we evolved from An ancestral continuous lineagebut the exact details of our origins are uncertain. “ The separation of these two evolutionary branches would have given rise to an evolution in parallel of the Populations A and B. The evolution of the population to correspond approximately what we already know, although the new work allows us to know in more detail its evolutionary history. As explained by the team responsible for the study, after the separation of the two populations, the population A would have suffered a “Bottleneck”: While the population B prospered, the A had to cross a period in which its numbers were very scarce, a situation that also implied a drastic reduction in genetic diversity. From the population A would have emerged the main human species of the past, including not only our species but also the “bifurcation” that would give rise to the arrival of Neanderthals and Denisovanosanother human species (or subspecies) that would have inhabited Central Asia hundreds of thousands of years ago. Reunion between species The history of population B is still enigmatic. The study has not recorded events such as population bottlenecks. We know that the core of this population disappeared but that at some point their roads crossed with the population A, giving rise to genetic exchange. He “Reunion” between populations It would have given more than one million years after separation, about 300,000 years ago, according to the estimates of the study responsible for the study. After this reunion, population B would fade without leaving another trace. The genetic inheritance that each population would have left in modern humans would be unequal. While we should about 80% From our genetic material, to population B we could owe the remaining 20%. The study detected that these genes of population B would concentrate sections of the population’s own genes A. Scheme that represents the evolution of the two populations and their relationship with Neanderthals, Denisovanos and ‘Homo Sapiens’ contemporaries. Cousins, Aylwyn Scally & Richard Durbin (2025). This suggests, explains the team, that both populations would have been little compatible. The uncompatibilities would have been purified over the years through the process known as purification selection, a process in which natural selection is eliminating harmful mutations. On this legacy, the team also indicates that these are genes closely linked to the functioning of the brain and the Information processing. This could imply that this small genetic inheritance could have had a great impact on the evolution of human intelligence and in the Evolution of our species. The analysis focused on the study of contemporary humans and not on the bone remains of prehistoric populations. The team resorted to the 1000 Genomes Project initiative, thanks to which it had a large genetic database with information about inhabitants of Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Americas. The details of the study were published In an article In the magazine Nature Genetics. The history of evolutionary convergence is long. Perhaps the best known case is that of the Neanderthals (Homo Neanderthalensis). This already extinct species occupied Europe and Asia tens of thousands of years before our species left Africa but, once they found themselves They coexisted in various areas of Eurasia. Thanks to its genetic legacy (which varies according to populations but usually around 1% or 2% among non -Afro -descendant), we know that the coexistence of sapiens and Neanderthals gave a lot of: The union of these species engendered hybrids whose lineages ended up merging with those who gave rise to contemporary humanity. In Xataka | North Africa was outside the bronze age map. A metallic waste has been put in the center of history Image | Pixabay / Pxhere

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