Spain

The more you know about the blackout in Spain, the less guilty the lack of inertia seems to be renewable

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The historic blackout that paralyzed the Iberian Peninsula on April 28 It continues to generate questions waiting for an official report. The narrative that pointed at a low inertia of the system due to the high penetration of renewable energies as guilty of collapse has begun to make waters. The data suggest a concatenation of more complex failures, where inertia, although it played a significant role in its final phase, does not seem to be the trigger for the energy zero. Context. Until now, experts They placed in the center of the debate The inertia of the electrical system, the capacity of the large rotary machines of the traditional plants to resist sudden frequency changes. The inertia in the European interconnected system is provided by large turbines and synchronous generators that rotate at a speed of 50 cycles per second to maintain the frequency of 50 Hz. High penetration of renewable energy sources, such as photovoltaic or wind solar, which are coupled to the network by power electronicsthey do not contribute this inertia inherently, which from the beginning was indicated as the root of the problem. Inertia was correct. However, Vice President Third Sara Aagesen said in the Senate that, in the moments before the blackout, the peninsular electrical system had a level of inertia “according to the recommendations”, according to the data that Red Electrico shared with the government. In statements collected by Europa PressAagesen specified that this level was 2.3 seconds, exceeding the target of two seconds established by the Entso-E European Operators network. Joan Groizard, Secretary of State for Energy, reinforced this idea pointing out that “many European systems frequently operate with inertia lower than those that had the peninsular electrical system in the moments prior to zero of 28th.” These official statements deflate, in part, the theory that a critical lack of inertia was the root cause of the incident. A sequence of anomalous events. The investigations point to a series of disturbances that preceded the blackout. Both Aagesen and Groizard talk about the detection of oscillations in the European electrical system hours before the failure. A first “anomalous” oscillation of 0.6 Hz was recorded at 12:03, whose origin, detected in Spain, France and even Germany“It is still known,” according to the minister. A second “usual” oscillation of 0.2 Hz was perceived at 12:19, even in areas as far as Latvia, Groizard said. Next, the three generation loss events occurred: in just over twenty seconds 2.2 gigawatts were disconnected in the provinces of Granada, Badajoz and Sevilla, between 12:32:57 and 12:33:17. These events coincided with a “situation of overwhelming in the peninsular electrical system, whose cause and consequence are still to be specified.” A problem of surge. Groizard speaks of voltage peaks as the root of the blackout, clarifying that “the main shooting factor is associated with over -overdraft.” But the government has not been the first to divert the focus of inertia. Luis Badesa, professor at the Polytechnic University of Madrid, pointed in a previous analysis That “two failures are almost very unlikely and point to a common event”, raising as suspicious the “surge in 400 kV lines of the southwest, perhaps linked to the previous oscillations.” The non -return point came, according to Badesa, at 12:33:20, when “Iberia loses connection with France and becomes an electric island; immediately, the centrals are massively disconnected.” Then, with the electrically isolated Iberian Peninsula, it is when synchronism is lost with the European continent. At that moment, with 59% of electricity from solar and 11% wind, inertia is insufficient. Then, the lack of inertia did not help. It is at this time, with the disconnected peninsula, when the inertia of the system becomes crucial. According to Badesa: “With little inertia, the frequency began to go down and to change very quickly.” This rapid frequency variation would have caused the shot of the protection relays of numerous centrals, “finishing off the blackout.” The lack of inertia “aggravated the final problem because he made the Rocof jump, but the origin was in several almost simultaneous generation cuts” previously, Badesa explained, stressing that “no operator designs his network to support three groups out of the service when he is isolated.” In other words, “the low renewable inertia did not cause the initial ruling, but it yesterday accelerated the collapse once Iberia remained alone.” Waiting for the official report. The available information suggests that the April 28 blackout was not a direct consequence of the low inertia due to renewable penetration, but the result of a complex chain of anomalous oscillations in the European network, followed by multiple almost simultaneous generation losses, possibly linked to overcoming. The preliminary conclusion is that the stability of a network with increasing weight of renewables does not depend only on inertia, but on the general robustness of the system in the face of multiple contingencies, such as interarene oscillations. For the definitive conclusions, we will have to wait for the official report, the Government hopes to have “in less than three months.” Image | Diego Delso (CC By-sa 4.0) In Xataka | After the blackout, the government defended the nuclear closure because “in Spain there is no uranium.” Reality is more complicated

Spain has been an untouchable power of Mediterranean tourism for years. A country steps on your heels: Türkiye

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With tourism recovering (and even overcoming) the pulse I had before the pandemic, Spain is not the only country that seeks break records and crowned at the top of the podium of international destinations. About 2,500 kilometers from the Iberian Peninsula there is another country, also bathed in the Mediterranean, with a powerful offer of beaches, culture, heritage and gastronomy that struggles for Get a hole in it World top 3 of tourism, a select club now basically reserved to France, Spain and the US. Which? Türkiye. All this accompanied, of course, of a powerful flow of billions of dollars in income for the sector. A for the Top 3. Türkiye is determined to increase at the top of the world tourism ranking. He left it Of course in April his minister of the branch, Mehmet Nuri Ersoyduring a forum organized in Eruzurum, northwest of the country: “In 2024 we managed to become one of the four largest tourist economies in the world, but we will not stop there. Our goal is to be among the first three countries in tourism.” Same message He movedThese days Mehmet İşler, vice president of the Turkish Hotel Federation (Türofed), insisting that the “objective” of the sector is to turn the nation into “one of the three main” powers in the sector. “We have gone from being an affordable holiday destination to be a recognized tourist center,” He claimed in statements collected by Hürriyet Daily Newsthe oldest newspaper in Türkiye. How many tourists do they receive? According to The data Disseminated by his Ministry of Tourism and Culture, in 2024 Türkiye received 62.3 million visitors who translated into income from value of 61.1 billion of dollars. The figure however has a “but”: those 62.3 million include both the 52.6 million of international tourists who passed through the country during the year as the nearly 10 million Turks residing abroad and visited their homeland. The nuance does not mean that the trend of international tourism has been clearly positive in Türkiye. Those 52.6 million foreign visitors suppose A historical record and Improve 9% The result of 2023. The rise also moved to the money generated by the sector: the 61.1 billion dollars registered by the Turkish Statistical Institute (Tüik) reflect an year -on -year increase of 8.3%. And how is 2025? The year has also started with the occasional joy for the Turkish industry, although with nuances. The income flow grew 5.6% during the first quarter to place in 9,450 million Of dollars, but the general balance of visitors was not so good: it stayed at 6.7 million foreign tourists, 5% less than last year. The objectives for this year are ambitious, according to Hürriyet Daily: reach 65 million visitors and shoot the billing at 64,000 million dollars. Expanding the photo. To appreciate the growth of Turkish tourism, however, to take perspective and follow its evolution over the last years. He Historical record De Türsab show that in 2017 the country received around 32.4 million foreign visitors. In 2024 they were 52.6 millionso the increase was 62% in less than a decade. In cash and sound money, that boom resulted in an increase even greater of income Climbing in the ranking. Thanks to this growth Türkiye sneaked first in the Top 10 of the great international destinations and climbed positions in that table. The World Population Review website places it in The sixth place In 2024, behind France, Spain, USA, China and Italy. In other classifications (2023) occupies the fifth. It would actually be various criteria When ordering destinations, such as the flow of international travelers, the weight of the tourism sector or the volume of income. During Your intervention In Erzurum, Ersoy claimed that Turkey managed World Tourism Organizationhe trusted to be fourth in 2024. Important how much … and where. The growth of Turkish tourism does not respond only to the attractiveness of Istanbul or Capadocia, its landscape and gastronomy or the government’s commitment to boost the sector. 2024 data show that it has managed to become strong in certain key markets, such as Russian or Iranian. The first, who now see their flights to Europe for The answer From the West to the war in Ukraine, they grew 6% to add 6.7 million of travelers, almost 13% of the total. Iran received about 3.2 million tourists, 31% more than the previous year. Other key markets were the German, the second main issuing market, with 6.6 millionthe British (4.4 million) or the Bulgarians (2.9), also of course from the Turkish citizens who live outside the country and fly to visit their nation. In 2024 they touched the 10 million. In the first three months of the year the demand punctured in the Russian, German and Iranian markets, so Türsab trusts in alleviating its fall with China, Germany or the United Kingdom. The figures import (all). Turkey tourist emerge is interesting because it has not only translated into more visitors. That trend has come accompanied by greater income flow in a country that, Recognize Ersoyit has been proposed to “prioritize quality over quantity”. “The objective is not only to increase the number of visitors, but go to tourists with high expenses not related to accommodation.” For now, 2025 would have started with an increase in almost 5% In the average spending per traveler. And how does Spain affect? Spain and Türkiye may be separated by thousands of kilometers, but in a way they point to the same markets thanks to their heritage offer, Sun and beach. Although their sector drinks largely from Russian and Iranian markets, Turkish hotels have attracted an intense flow of German and British travelers, very relevant markets for Spanish tourism. Only in 2024 both countries added 20% of foreign demand. Turkish growth in those key points could threaten that of Spain, which It goes now Towards the barrier of 100 million of foreign travelers. In his favor Türkiye has another great asset: prices. Although the fees of their hotels … Read more

China is eating the European car in front of our eyes. And Spain is serving as advanced

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China is flooding Europe with their cars. Electric, hybrid or combustion (one of the Weapons that Chinese companies have To skip them Tariffs imposed by the European Union), China’s arrival cars are making its way to elbow in the main European markets. But there are three in which the penetration is spectacular, so much that of the total of Chinese vehicles enrolled in Europe this year, three countries receive 70% of those registrations. They are the United Kingdom, Spain and Italy, and China knows that it must continue to tighten. Evolution. The Schmidt Automotive Research analysts has published a graph in which we can see the evolution of the car registration Chinese in those three markets. For 2024, six out of ten Chinese cars enrolled in Europe did it in those three countries. United Kingdom and Italy have been hesitant at some times, but in Spain quarter after quarter have grown. During the first period of 2025, however, enrollments grew in the three countries, touching the percentage of 70% of all Chinese cars in Europe. Regarding the total market share, according to Dataforcehave gone from 2.5% in April 2014 to 4.1% in April of this year. British connection. The British case is curious for several reasons. The first because Chinese companies must Adapt your cars with the right steering wheelsomething unique throughout the European territory. The second is the most important: as the United Kingdom is not part of the European Union, it does not share the tariffs imposed on the Chinese car that have implemented the rest of the countries of the Union. This allows a more comfortable entry for manufacturers, but from Schmidt they also point out that the British market is, traditionally, less loyal to brands and, therefore, consumers are more open to new brands. This was already seen when they adopted virgin marks in the territory, such as Daewoo or Chevrolet, in the early 2000s. Spearheads. The proper names are the already known. Byd is betting strongly on expand its vehicle porpholio in our land and wants to become One of the largest fish on the market. MG was one of the best -selling brands and Xpeng He has just landed in the United Kingdom and He already did it in 2024 in Spain. The company plans to be present in 60 countries by the end of 2025 and wants to have a powerful network of dealers to strengthen its positioning. The Chery group with Momoda and Jaecoo are opening concessionaires, but there are More examples of Chinese companies They are establishing or looking for home to sell their vehicles. But, beware, also to manufacture them. Strategy. Because that expansion goes beyond bringing vehicles directly from China: it goes to manufacture them on European soil. For several reasons. One is Understand the European uservery different from Chinese in tastes and preferences. Another is better to dodge tariffs. Spain is an example of how Chinese companies are looking to settle. Cherywhat was made After a long soap opera With the Nissan factory in Barcelona, already manufactures the Ebro S800 on Spanish soil. And they are not just cars factories. Spain is playing for free In the case of tariffs because something as important is played as Iberian pig exports to the Asian giant, and the fruits of that approach to China is the arrival of Investments such as Catl in Aragon to electrify Stellantis vehicles. Perspective. That in only three countries there are almost 70% of the registrations of all cars that Chinese companies bring to Europe is an extremely relevant fact because it implies that they are the most interested markets and where they can receive the bulk of the strategy for the next months. It is no longer just that China has huge ships prepared to continue flooding with their cars those territories, but can lead to more strategic alliances and a search for a search for Premium positioning as lever for expansion among other user groups. Image | Xiaomi EV Factory In Xataka | Byd broke the barrier of 100,000 million dollars of income in 2024. It is an unknown milestone for Tesla

The Government of Spain, according to Techcrunch

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In the world of cyberspiege, there are quite known names: Lazarus In North Korea, APT28 in Russia or APT41 In China. They are groups that, according to cybersecurity reports, operate with state support. Now, a new actor could join that list, and its origin would be especially striking: Spain. His name is Canea group that for years remained in the shadows and that has returned to the radar, According to Techcrunch Based on exemployed testimonies of the Kaspersky security firm. This group It was discovered in 2014 by the Russian company, which baptized him as a mask after finding that term in the malware code. The word, a colloquial expression in Spanish that can be translated as “mask”, ended up nameing a campaign that, according to Kaspersky, stood out for its complexity and amplitude. The group would have deployed an arsenal of tools adapted to different platforms, including Windows, Macos and Linux, as well as indications of versions for Android and iOS, although the latter were not technically confirmed. One of the most sophisticated cyberspage groups discovered by Kaspersky Among the technical capabilities described by Kaspersky They appeared the theft of encrypted documents, SSH keys, VPN configurations, keyboard pulsations records, screenshots and interception of conversations by Skype (now extinct) and network traffic. Their attacks were distributed using mails Spear Phishingthat simulated pages of Spanish media like the country, the world or public. One of the most striking indications that analysts identified was the chain “Cagen1amar”, a deformation of the expression “I shit in the sea”, hides in the malware code. Although Kaspersky never publicly attributed the authorship of the group to any state, several former employees of the company consulted by Techcrunch affirm that, internally, it was concluded that Careto operated under the commission of the Spanish government. “There was no doubt about that, at least not a reasonable (doubtful),” said one of them, while three other researchers supported that same hypothesis. The decision not to make it public would have been related to the internal policy of the company, which imposes strict restrictions on the formal attribution of attacks. One of the starting points of the investigation was an attack on a government institution in Cuba, considered “zero patient”, according to the testimonies collected by Techcrunch. The presence of ETA members on the island at that time –According to information published by El País and mentioned in filtered diplomatic cables– I could have aroused the interest of the operation. The researchers also detected other objectives: there were victims in Brazil, in Morocco and in Gibraltar. Illustration shared by Kaspersky The global scope of the group was reflected in the Kaspersky Technical Report: infections were identified in at least 31 countries, with a total of 380 victims. The most affected were in Latin America, Europe and North Africa. Among the objectives, according to the same report, there were governments, embassies, diplomatic organisms, energy companies, research centers and activists. After the publication of the report in 2014, the mask operators would have dismantled all the discovered infrastructure, deleting activity records and closing control and control servers, an unusual movement that, according to the researchers, evidences a technical capacity of highly trained groups. The name was hidden in the code A decade later, Kaspersky again detected activity linked to mask. In May 2024, the company announced that he had identified New infections in a Latin American organization that had already been attacked by the group at least in 2022 and 2019. There was also a trace of activity in a second victim in central Africa. Georgy Kucherin and Marc Rivero, Kaspersky’s researchers signed by the new report, They assure that Current operations maintain the same degree of sophistication and caution that a decade ago. “His attacks are a masterpiece“Kucherin told Techcrunch, although he also clarified that, from a technical point of view, it is still impossible to confirm which government is really behind the group:” Most likely, it is a state actor, “he said, although he added that at a technical level it is impossible to know. Neither the Spanish Ministry of Defense nor the Cuban government wanted to rule to date, according to Techcrunch. From Xataka, we have contacted both Kaspersky and the Ministry of Interior to collect an official assessment about the possible link with the Careto group. Kaspersky has responded to us that they do not usually comment on information based on anonymous sources, nor attribute the origin of cyber attacks to countries. At the time of publishing this article, the Interior Ministry had not responded. Images | rawpixel.com | Layo Animals | Kaspersky In Xataka | How to change all our passwords according to three cybersecurity experts

Thirty years later, there is still an unbeatable television format in Spain: desktop soap operas

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The afternoons of Spanish television have always meant a fierce combat between big names, apparently infallible formats and yes, experiments that go wrong. However, there is an immutable constant in recent years, regardless of fashion and trends: the undisputed success of the Spanish romantic series in the afternoon, which drag immune fidelity to the swings of audiences. Are The most seen of the afternoonsnext to ‘Pasapalabra’. The formula of success. The three queens of the afternoons are ‘Wild Valley’ and ‘The Promise’ in the 1 and ‘Dreams of Freedom’ in Antena 3. The first is broadcast around 17.10, the second about 18.00 and finally, dreams of freedom are broadcast at 15.45. All of them have elements in common: an era atmosphere, around the quitas of the rich and powerful, but with occasional eyes to conflicts between classes, in order to show contrasts between the different characters. And all with audiences that do not fall from 10-12% of Sharesometimes conquering 15%. The Belén Esteban debacle cannot with the series. The phenomenon that is taking place with ‘is curious and significantTV family ‘ and its abysmal audiences in the afternoons of the1. Divided the program into two halves of differentiated content (after a few days experimenting with the Mix of presenters and styles), the audience falls into those blocks, but shoots with ‘wild valley’ and, above all, ‘the promise’, which with audiences around 15% of Shareis at your best. Then, when Esteban and his own arrive, he plummeted again, generating a curious parenthesis of low audiences to wrap the two stars of the afternoon of the1: the series. The first queen of the afternoons. TVE was a pioneer, at the end of the eighties, of the success of the first snakes, the Venezuelan serials with ‘Crystal ‘as spearhead that in 1990 it came to give continuity to more moderate but very relevant successes, such as Brazilian ‘Dona Beija’, which broadcast the second chain. Its success is significant: it already pointed to the fetishism of the audiences with the afternoon strip (after the mornings had colonized them Soap Opeas North American as ‘Santa Barbara’ or Mexican serials like ‘The rich also cry’) In fact, TVE was buried in protest letters when he dared to move momentarily to ‘crystal’ at noon. He won a wave and his last episode was followed by 8,630,000 viewers. An overwhelming 85% of Share. Origins of the Spanish soap opera. Trying to ride the wave of unstoppable snake successtelevisions They began to replicate the phenomenon with series like ‘La Truth de Laura’ or ‘Black Moon’, which They began to introduce timidly Spanish cultural elements. The first success in that regard was ‘El Super’, in 1996, with costumbristas and realistic plots, which ended soon derived towards the introduction of historical elements, the authentic key to success (‘Valle Tavaje’ is set in 1763, ‘The promise’ at the beginning of the century and ‘dreams of freedom’, in Spain of 1958). Thus were born bombings such as ‘Loving in revolt times’, ‘bandit’ or ‘The Secret of Puente Viejo’. Why that time. The tabletical strip is the most precious by soap operas, perpetuating those beginnings of the genre in Spain with ‘crystal’, which later strengthened phenomena like those of Turkish soap operas. In the target audience of these series, female and medium ageThey fit the typical Spanish customs for desktop, and that is what has impatible the long -term continuity of the series. It is an audience that appreciates the sumptuousness of natural decorations and historical places that prevails in these productions, as well as the budget investment that gives them a luxurious finish and that, in fact, is what has made TVE pass from three to two series during the time. And now what. ‘Dreams of freedom’ in Antena 3, with audiences around 13%, certifies that the audiences want series, and that the1 lost an important asset when canceling the third of its afternoons, ‘the modern’, cut under a pattern very similar to the other two. Sergio Calderón, director of RTVE, counted in an interview that “the series of series audiences benefited from the expectation of the start of the chapter of ‘the promise”. However, “it was impossible to maintain, at emotional and also budgetary rhythm, three daily series in the afternoons.” Seen what has been seen, maybe they have to reconsider their strategy. Header | Atresmedia In Xataka | Netflix’s best Korean series (because not everything is ‘the squid game’)

We have been wondering for two months when the heat arrives in Spain. Aemet finally has an answer: already

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2025 has been a year anomally wetat least for the Iberian Peninsula. The month of April the rainfall was 11% higher To the usual in peninsular Spain, and in recent weeks we have also seen many days marked by rainfall. But perhaps what will mark the end of spring are temperatures. Summer arrives. Meteorologists glimpse on the horizon an increase in temperatures from next week. A change of trend that, according to Trend predictions In the medium term of the State Meteorology Agency (Aemet) could leave us an end of May and a first half of June and warm than usual. The 36º appear. Meteorologists expect that atmospheric stability will be taken over the skies throughout the weekend. This will be translated, they explain from Eltiempo.esin an increase in temperatures. According to these forecasts, temperatures are expected above the 27th Celsius in capitals such as Valladolid or Zaragoza, while cities such as Madrid and Badajoz would exceed 30º. However, maximum temperatures will be seen in the southwest, where the thermometers could be between 35º and 36º. Three warm and dry weeks ahead. If we add to this the Aemet predictionswe can intuit that we are in the advanced transition between spring and summer. The agency hopes that the remaining week of May will be marked by higher temperatures and lower rainfall than these dates would be expected. The thermal anomaly is expected to be between the degree and the three degrees above the average in much of the country, with the interior of the southern half reaching an anomaly between three and five degrees. The situation will be similar during the first half of the month of June, with almost all of the Peninsula watching thermal anomalies above the three degrees on average. Regarding rainfall, Aemet predictions for next week draw a scenario where dry anomaly is the standard, with up to 10 mm less than usual in practically the entire Iberian Peninsula and with dry anomalies of up to 30 mm in localized areas of the northern half. The first half of June will be similar, although uncertainty gains ground. What is happening? The main culprit of this is a phenomenon closely associated with summer: the Azores anticyclone. According to Explain the meteorologist Mario Picazothe trough of cold air that during this Week will continue to lead An unstable time and storms, especially on the Mediterranean coast, will be retiring at the same time that the anticyclone appears in the west. In Xataka | Japanese scientists have taken the lightning rod to the next level: with a drone that hunting lightning Image | ECMWF

Ozores was a day the most important person in Spain. To the point of delaying the premiere of ‘The Empire Contraataca’

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He has died Mariano Ozoresone of the best known and box office directors in the history of Spanish cinema. Although his cinema has always been despised by critics, his films were infallible blockbusters that put on his competitors on his competitors. Including ‘Star Wars’, whose first sequel had to give in to the overwhelming power of Pajares and Esteso. Long live ozores. Mariano Ozores was one of the main exponents of the Spanish popular comedy since the sixties. His ability to connect with the public was notable thanks to a style that balanced the accessible and the irreverent: as Bruguera of flesh and blood bruguerahis films were simple in the form, but corrosive in what was navigating below. The costumbrista typology, the Spanish scenarios, the explosive humor: key was its style, for example, to strengthen what was known as’Landism‘, pure Hispanic anthropology with the best comedy deals of the time. Great successes. In addition to the films with Alfredo Landa, without a doubt his greatest successes were the ones he signed at the service of Andrés Pajares and Fernando Esteso. With them he signed the legendary ‘Los Bingueros’, sociological phenomenon and more grossing film of that year in Spain, but also ‘The Energy’, ‘Los Liantes’ or ‘Father there are nothing more than two’, up to a total of nine. The 96 films of his vast filmography They were seen for about 90 million viewers. He was the authentic author of the Spanish commercial cinema, when those things made no sense in our industry. Fast, quickly. In 1980, Pajares, Esteso and Ozores had collaborated three times: ‘Los Bingueros’ took the cinema to million and a half spectators and their immediate continuation, ‘The Energy’, of that same year, also went from one million audiences. In both cases they were very short -term films, as usual in the cinema invoiced at infernal speed at the time: ‘Los Bingueros’ was shot taking advantage of the legalization of bingos in Spain; ‘The energy’ was inspired by A nuclear accident in Pennsylvania that horrified the world. The following, take advantage of the international success of ‘Rocky’ in 1976 and ‘Rocky II’ in 1979. Roque III, our Rocky. In just twenty days, Esteso, Pajares and Ozores have their parody, ‘I did Roque III’, where Pajares gives life to Roque Third, a sparrow who lives at a friend’s house, a former Jockey come less. To remove it from Enmedio, the friend decides to take advantage of Roque’s past as an amateur boxer and convinces him to face the national welter champion, Kid Botija. By the way, this boxer named Mortadeliano gives life nothing less than Dum Dum Pacheco, champion of the time whose life, between excesses, fame and prisons, gives for several chronicles and It is currently claiming. Darth Vader reculates. The journalist Juan Sanguino tells it in the documentary ‘Pajares & Cía‘: The power of Pajares and Esteso at a box office to Fox, who decide to delay the premiere of’ The Empire counterattack ‘on the planned date, so as not to coincide with’ I made Roque III ‘. This premieres on September 19, 1980 and the ‘Star Wars’ movie, October 3. “They were the real phenomenon, the real Blockbuster“Sanguino says. Ozores can boast of being the only Spanish filmmaker who has bent to the almighty franchise. In Xataka | The Spanish box office cling this year to a phenomenon: the safe and ‘father there is only one 4

The Granada particle accelerator is born today. Thanks to him Spain has the key to nuclear fusion

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Today is a crucial day for IFMIF-DONES (International Fusion materials irradicion facility demo-eraned neutron source). This very important scientific project is closely linked to ITER (International Thermonuclear Experctor reactor), The experimental reactor of nuclear fusion that An international consortium led by Europe He is building in the French town of Cadarache. Ifmif-Dones, however, resides in listening to, a town in the province of Granada. The construction works of this last installation began in mid -September 2022, but today it is a very important day for both Granada and all of Spain. And it is because the Council of Ministers will approve today the investment of almost 200 million euros required by the start of the construction of the IFMIF-DONES linear particle accelerator. This machine is the authentic heart of this scientific installation, and, therefore, the ingenuity that will place Spain in The nuclear fusion map. The tuning of this linear particle accelerator will cost approximately 450 million euros, although the Andalusian Board will contribute half of this money. However, this is the cost of the accelerator; The IFMIF-Dones project will completely cost about 700 million euros. Spain will contribute half of this capital. To this figure we must add another 50 million to carry out its implementation. In addition, the operation of this avant -garde research center will have an annual cost of about 60 million euros, of which Spain will assume 10%. It may seem a lot of money, but we must not forget that those responsible for the project are convinced that The economic and scientific return Ifmif-Dones will far exceed your cost. What is Ifmif-Dones and why it is crucial for the future of nuclear fusion Ifmif-Dones is one of the three fundamental pillars of the nuclear fusion building in whose construction the European Union is involved. The other two are iter and demo. The experimental nuclear fusion reactor that is currently being built in the French town of Cadarache seeks to demonstrate that the merger at the scale that man can handle works, and also that it is profitable from an energy point of view. However, Iter does not aspire to produce electricity. That will be demo’s task (Demonstration Power Plant), an installation that will take the technological advances that will have shown to function correctly in Iter and take them one step further to establish themselves as The authentic precursor of commercial nuclear fusion reactors. However, without Ifmif-Dones there will be no demo, so Granada is now the center of attention. The fusion of a deuterium core and another tritium triggers the production of a helium core and a neutron that is fired with an energy of about 14 MEV To understand in all its extension what is the role of the IFMIF-DONES project, it is necessary that we briefly review the foundations of nuclear fusion. One of the biggest challenges facing the technicians who are involved in the tuning of nuclear fusion reactors by means of magnetic confinement, such as Iter, consists of recreating inside the vacuum chamber of these sophisticated machines the necessary conditions so that the deuterium and tritium nuclei are merged. However, this is not everything. When this reaction takes place the fusion of a deuterium nucleus and another of tritium triggers the production of a helium core and a neutron that is fired with An energy of about 14 MEV (Megaelectronvolts). The problem is that the neutron lacks net electric charge, so it cannot be confined inside the magnetic field that, however, does retain the deuterium and tritium nuclei, which have positive electric charge. This is the reason why when it originates as a result of the nuclear fusion reaction, this neutron is fired towards the walls of the vacuum chamber with enormous energy. This particle is very important because in practice it will be closely linked to the production of electrical energy in nuclear fusion reactors, but, at the same time, it represents a very aggressive form of radiation that can significantly degrade the materials used in the reactor. The components that will be most affected by the direct impact of high energy neutrons and the most intense heat flow are the internal wall of the vacuum chamber and the Blanketthat it is a mantle that covers it and that has as its purpose Regenerate the tritium that it is necessary to use as fuel in the nuclear fusion reaction. This is the reason why it is crucial to develop new materials that are able to support the flow of neutrons and guarantee, therefore, that the reactor will have a prolonged operational life. IFMIF-DONES linear accelerator will produce high energy neutrons with the intensity and volume of irradiation necessary to test candidate materials This is, neither more nor less, the purpose of Ifmif-Dones. And to carry it out it is necessary to put ready -to -set facilities to allow the technicians involved in the project to evaluate the properties of candidate materials to intervene not only in demo, but also in future commercial nuclear fusion commercial reactors. The task of this project invites us to intuit what the heart of Ifmif-Dones is: a source capable of producing high energy neutrons with the intensity and volume of irradiation necessary for Test candidate materials. And this source of neutrons will be nothing other than a linear particle accelerator that will help IFMIF-DONES scientists to try, validate and qualify the materials that in the medium term should reach future electric power production plants through fusion. Image | IFMIF-DONES In Xataka | Iter has faced one of the great challenges of nuclear fusion: prevent plasma from 150 million ºC to destroy the reactor

Wallbox was the Milmillonaria hope of Spain to conquer electric loaders. Now it is sunk

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Wallbox was born with – loved – unicorn aspirations: an industrial technological, with Spanish capital, quoting in New York, and selling loaders for electric cars to the world. Today is less than its debt, it has fired a third of its template and struggle not to be expelled from the parquet. He is desperately looking for financial oxygen and industrial credibility, but he has not yet found either one or the other. What has happened. Wallbox 3,000 million dollars came to asserttoday its capitalization is around 95 million. The reasons: Constant losses. 112 million in 2023, 152 million in 2024. Stock market collapse. Your action It has fallen more than 95% since its debut. The NYSE Warning. It has been quoting below the dollar. Cuts. Mass layoffsplant closures and cost reduction. Key directors output. A few days ago, Justin Mirro and Paolo Campinoti They presented their resignation. Between bambalins. Wallbox has not stopped capturing money in recent years. Since 2021 he has accumulated more than 370 million in rounds, with Members such as Iberdrola, Generac, Riberas or the Puig family in capital. But your business model is still unburgated. Now has hired Houlihan Lokey to restructure debt and capital to avoid collapse. It is not yet known if that will sell assets, incorporate a new investor or more drastic movement. Yes, but. Although Wallbox has improved margins, reduced operational losses And it has grown in the United States, still without a clear profitability horizon. Says that it is close to Break Even (match income and expenses) in adjusted Ebitda, but has also admitted that the losses will continue. And the most worrying: You will need more capitalbut he has already burned a lot. In figures. In 2024 … 164 million in revenues. 152 million in losses. 300 dismissed employees (35% of the workforce). Almost 200 million of living debt. 95 million in stock capitalization dollar. $ 0.30 is the current price of your share. The context. With the sales of the electric car growing somewhat slower than expected, the startups of the sector have run out of the fundamental ingredient of their road map. And many have stayed on the road. Arrival, Proterraeither Lordstown Motors They are broken or suspended. Nikola continues to operate with a value 99% lower than that of its peak. All have something in common: promising products and a powerful narrative, but hardly sustainable business models if their environment does not grow rapidly. Between the lines. The problem is not electrification, but the calendar. The startups bet everything at “when” and not “yes.” And that “when” has been delayed. Wallbox had deployed factories in Texas, Germany and China with the expectation of a demand that has not yet arrived. And this not only affects Wallbox. The Spanish case is representative of a kind of industrial bubble: public and private investment aligned, but based on projections that are not consolidated. In Xataka | Selling a second -hand electric car is a very bad idea. Unless your car is an xiaomi su7 Outstanding image | Wallbox

A few months ago Ryanair raised her salary to her employees in Spain. Now he is claiming that they return it

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Collective bargaining is a delicate issue in which it is not always easy to satisfy all the parties involved and stay within the legislation. The last example is the negotiation of the I Collective Agreement for Ryanair cabin crew, which brought salary increases Immediate to these workers, but that resulted in their cancellation by the National Court. According to The published by El Confidencial, Now Ryanair asks his workers to return those increases. However, such and as they denounce From the air-sectors union, the airline has imposed a condition for workers not to have to return these salary ups: join CCOO. The beginning of the mess: a unilateral collective agreement. In October 2022, the Irish airline and the CCOO union signed the I Collective Agreement for cabin crew. As collected The economistThe agreement contemplated regular annual salary increases for three years until April 2025 for these employees, as well as a change in the fixed and variable remuneration structure. The problem is that, according to the Air-Sector-Sector union, which represents 22.9% of the Ryanair template, the agreement was prepared at a negotiating table that left out the representatives of much of the staff. That caused the union to present an appeal for nullity that the National Court has confirmed canceling The validity of the agreement signed. Ryanair applied an unsigned agreement. The regulations establish that all collective agreements They must register in the General Directorate of Labor before starting to be applied. Since the use union presented an appeal for nullity before justice, the General Directorate of Labor did not process the agreement until justice was pronounced in this regard. However, and despite not having fulfilled that regulatory process, Ryanair applied the salary increases agreed in the agreement that signed unilaterally with CCOO from October 2024. Now, given the recognition of nullity of the National Court, Ryanair claims to his cabin crew members of the return of between 1,000 and 4,000 euros that, according to the case, according to the case, according to the case, according to the case, according to the case, according to the case of salary increase. According to the representatives of air-sectors “the agreement” The agreement was signed without prior consultation to the workfor Ryanair’s claim. According to sources mentioned by The confidentialand confirmed For the air user, the airline is sending letters to its cabin crew claiming the immediate return of the salary increase that was paid between October 2024 and April 2025. In its letter, the company offers to recognize the debt and claims to be “willing to offer you a payment plan in 12 monthly installments, with deductions that will begin on the payroll of June”. The amount varies according to each case, but moves between 1,000 euros and more than 4,000 euros per employee, for undue salary increases. If you join CCOO there is no debt. Another alternative proposed by the Irish company to solve the problem is to join the CCOO union, automatically cond by this salary “debt”. “To minimize the impact of the annulment of the collective agreement by use, this agreement is applicable to CCOO affiliates,” they point out from use. In a statement signed by Lisa McCormack, Ryanair Human Resources Director, to which It has had access The confidentialthe person in charge indicated that: “If any worker is not affiliated with CCOO since the previous limited agreement ended and the collective agreement was annulled, but wishes to take advantage of this limited field agreement, you must directly contact CCOO. We have agreed with CCOO that those who are afraid can now maintain their current working conditions (…) This limited range agreement is the only feasible way to protect your salary.” The company has chosen its union. In its statement, air-user, it qualifies as a “harassment and demolition to which Ryanair is subjecting to the cabin crew non-affiliates to CCOO to affil Organic Law on Freedom“ Raquel Bautista, head of Use-Ryanair, pointed out that the condition of “forgiving” the alleged debt to CCOO affiliates is “a master play they want to use to erase Ryanair’s union map after years of sentences won, and only stay with their trust union.” Neither CCOO nor Ryanair have responded to Xataka’s information requests on this subject, but we will update this article if they do. In Xataka | The great secret of Ryanair’s success is that he does not earn money to fly: he does so squeezing you in everything else Image | Ryanair

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