oil

The countries with the greatest oil reserves, exposed in this graphic with a sad protagonist: Venezuela

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Humanity is still tied to oil. Although the rise of renewable energies He pointed to one revolutionrecently we have seen that, when things get ugly and We need energy peaksone has to Pull fossil fuels again. The oil companies themselves who got into the renewable car They unchecked a few months agoand that is why it is interesting to know What countries have that oil. And it is something that is illustrated perfectly in this graph. The rich. Prepared by Visual Capitalist With data from the EIAin it the production is not shown, but the reserves. They are two very different things and will make sense immediately. Before that, Venezuela’s reserves are imposing, with 303,000 million certified barrels. Secondly, Saudi Arabia with 267,000 million and, in third place, an Iran in which oil has been the protagonist in recent weeks due to the confrontation with Israel. A lot of distance from Venezuela we have Canada, Iraq, Eau, Kuwait, Russia, the United States or Libya. And, of these last names, the two American countries are those that are separated in the graph because they are not part of the OPEC. OPEC+ and the monopoly. In 1960, five heavy pesos on that list (Venezuela, Iran, Kuwait, Saudi IRK and Rabia formed the organization of oil export countries, OPEC. Its objective was to coordinate and unify oil policies to maintain stable prices, ensure supply and, above all, protect your interests. Over time other countries were added, forming the well -known OPEC+ (which has its own internal cohesion problems. Together, member countries concentrate about 80% of global oil reserves, but although Venezuela has imposing reserves, its production does not go to par due to political blockages and limitations. At its peak, they produced three million barrels per day. Today they are the twenty -first producing country with 770,000 barrels per day, behind countries with much lower reserves. One of the wells that China is operating China wants to sign up for the list. At the top, the United States, Saudi Russia and Arabia lead the ranking with 8-12 million barrels per day, but although it does not appear in the graph, there is a country that we should take into account: China. Currently, the Asian giant is the Greater World Oil Importerbut in recent years it has increased significantly Its internal production. Thanks to pharaonic works that include some of the deepest wells carried out by humanityin March of this year they got a record of 4.6 million barrels per day. It was the highest point in the history of the country and, although inequality was very high between production and import, apart from continuing excavating they have been made with record reserves in recent years. It is calculated that They tell With more than 1,180 million stored barrels that would shield them, for a while, of any cutting in the supply. The United States, for example, also has a reserve to respond to crises and the sources vary, but the updated figures point to about 400 million barrels. Pure and hard strategy. Beyond the obvious importance of oil on the economy of a producing country, we have the Strategic Facet. As oil continues moving the worldhaving large reservations allows countries to exercise their influence on international politics. As? Coordinating production to influence prices and economyFor example. And we have also seen how oil has been a protagonist agent in armed conflicts. The invasion of Iraq, for example, or the war between Iran and Israel that, without affecting the flow of crude oil, already caused that The market will panic. Images | Visual Capitalist, CNPC In Xataka | The oil market faces a triple coup and IEA is clear why: Iran, Opep+ and electric vehicles

There is a region in Latin America that has more oil than all Saudi Arabia. And yet it produces 12 times less

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To the east of Venezuela, the Orinoco oil strip wants to return to its golden age, but faces political, economic and technical challenges. Venezuela has the largest proven oil reserve in the world: 300,878 million barrels. To put it in perspective, Saudi Arabia has in its territory a reserve of 267,000 million barrels. A Treasury. The Venezuelan crude is concentrated in the Orinoco oil strip, a region of 55,314 square kilometers east of the country that extends over the Orinoco River basin. The Orinoco oil girdle It is rich in heavy and extrapeted oil, a type of dense and viscous crude that requires more expensive and challenging refining processes to transform into usable products, such as gasoline and diesel. The twenty -first country in oil production. The Orinoco oil strip has been known since January 1936, when the American company Standard Oil of New Jersey did the first well: “La Canoa-1”, in the state of Anzoátegui. But gigantic. Despite its age, the Orinoco oil strip remains the largest crude oil reserve. And yet, he has been unable to lift his head for years due to the political and technical and economic sanctions that surround it. In its oil peak, Venezuela produced three million barrels per day. Today is the Twenty -first country in the world In oil production with 770,000 barrels a day, from behind even neighboring Colombia. The United States, Saudi Russia and Arabia lead the ranking with 8-12 million barrels per day. A challenge and an opportunity. The sanctions on Venezuelan oil, led by the United States government, rose for six months in October 2023, which allowed a shy return of foreign companies to the Orinoco oil strip. The moratorium evidenced that the Venezuelan oil sector has problems beyond the political; structural problems. After years of negligence, corruption and economic crisis, Venezuelan oil needs foreign investment to modernize the expensive infrastructure with which it extracts and processes heavy crude. Although the sanctions were activated last year as a pressure measure of the Biden administration against the government of Nicolás Maduro, now foreign companies have the opportunity to obtain individual licenses to mitigate their effect, which shows some sprout of hope for a country in which oil remains an economic engine. The Petroleum Momentum of Latin America. The modernization of infrastructure, the attraction of foreign investment and the stabilization of the economy are crucial steps, but we do not know if enough to recover all the economic potential of the Orinoco oil strip. The context seems flattering. Latin American countries are involved in A “gold fever” of oil in which the most extreme case is that of the also Guyana neighbor, which has seen a growth of 33% of GDP thanks to the reserves discovered in its coasts in 2015. Meanwhile, Brazil has climbed to the 8th place in the world production of oil and Mexico is in the 11th place. What if falling? The question that floats in the air is the same for all these countries, what will happen to their investments when the expected drop in oil demand By effect of energy transition? For now, much of the world moves as if we were going to continue burning oil for many years. Maybe that is the answer. Images | EFOFAC, Wilfredor In Xataka | The Falkland Islands rest over 500 million barrels of oil. Now the United Kingdom wants to authorize its extraction *An earlier version of this article was published in July 2024

China’s “Peak Oil”

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In the middle of the war escalation between Iran and Israel, a scene attracted all global attention: China ordered his oil tankers Leave the Ormuz Strait, the artery where a fifth of global oil travels. It was a cautious reaction, yes, but revealing. More than 80% of the Iranian crude is destined for Chinese refineries, and yet Beijing opted for diplomatic silence rather than confrontation. The urgent yielded to the strategic. And maybe there is the true story. Because while moving away from tensions in the Middle East, China is approaching – step to a pace – to an energy milestone that reconfigures the global board: its oil demand is about to reach the peak. Or maybe he has already done it. From global leader to consumer in pause. For more than two decades, China promoted a good part of the global oil growth. From YOUR INCOME TO THE WTO In 2001, each stretch of highway built, each inaugurated refinery, each expanded city or megaproject launched added pressure on the world’s world demand. According to the Financial TimesChina has been responsible for more than 50 % of the increase in global demand since 2000. Its economic expansion was also an energy expansion. However, that trajectory begins to be invested. The International Energy Agency estimates that the demand peak It will be reached in 2027while key actors in the sector in China advance it considerably: Sinopec foresee which could happen before 2027 and CNPC claims that it has already surpassed in 2023. An accelerated paradigm shift. China’s energy turn does not occur in a vacuum. It is part of a much deeper technological, social and economic transformation, which manifests itself at all levels of daily life. Just see how tourist videos have been viralized by paying with the palm of the hand In supermarkets either Metro stations. What until recently seemed science fiction, in China it is already routine. That same vertiginous rhythm is happening in the energy system. On the one hand, an internal technological revolution: electric vehicles, heavy transport electrification, trucks that work with natural gas and high -speed trains. On the other, a structural change: the real estate crisis has reduced the demand for heavy machinery, construction materials and petrochemicals, sectors historically linked to oil consumption. The consequence is clear. Crude imports fell in 2024 for the first time in two decades – exchanging the pandemic -, According to Financial Times data. An unequivocal sign that oil is ceasing to be the growth engine that was for more than 20 years. But there is a production record. Paradoxically, China is producing more oil than ever. In March 2025, it reached a historical maximum: 4.6 million barrels per day, According to Global Times. Besides, He has just completed The drilling of the deepest vertical oil well in Asia, with 10,910 meters deep. Contradiction? Not exactly, since China drills when there is need. The point is that 72% of the oil it consumes is imported. For Beijing, that dependence is a weakness. Therefore, for years, more than 80,000 million dollars investigate annually to revitalize old deposits. The objective is not to grow without brake, but to guarantee a stable domestic supply. CNOOC has assured in Reuters Having reached a replacement ratio of 167%reserves, which allows to maintain internal production for at least a decade. In other words, less oil to consume, but more own oil to control. The end of an era. According to Bloomberg analystsis finishing the oil supercycle that defined the markets for more than 20 years. As China decoupled from intensive raw growth, pressure on OPEC, large oil companies and exporting countries – as Saudi Arabia, Iraq or Russia – becomes stronger and louder. Morgan Stanley lo has clearly summarized for the Financial Times: “The world we knew, where oil rose every time China grew, is disappearing.” To begin: an electro -speaking. China is not only slowing its crude oil consumption, it is building an economy driven by electrons. Since Xi Jinping assumed power in 2013, the country launched a “Energy Revolution” based on electrification, technological innovation and energy sovereignty. Today, 10% of your GDP It is linked To clean industries: electric vehicles, batteries, solar panels, intelligent networks, wind turbines. Today, the Asian giant is the world’s largest producer of electric cars, and its two great champions —Byd and Catl – reinvote about 5% of their revenues in R&D. Also, like have detailed in Bloomberghas already deployed 40 tension ultraalt transmission lines, which connect the mega west solar plants with the east industrial centers. The country plans to invest another 800,000 million dollars in the next five years to consolidate its electricity network. The goal? Reduce oil dependence without compromising growth. After the peak. With China outside the center of demand, India and other emerging countries will absorb part of the growth, but without reaching the scale of the Asian giant. According to the IEAthe global oil demand will reach its maximum in 2029, but without China, the market will lose its main engine. “Even if other economies continue to grow, the Chinese decrease marks the beginning of a structural decline in world demand for crude oil,” He explained Ciaran Healy, an IEA analyst. While their ships turn around in Ormuz, their economy accelerates in another direction. Not towards a price war. But towards a model where power is not measured only by fossil reserves, but by transformation capacity. The oil era does not end, but its dominant role in the world economic model is retreating. The rules of the game are changing. Image | Unspash Xataka | The hope against the increasingly extreme heat waves comes from China: a material that lowers the temperature automatically

China did not intervene in the war to protect Iranian oil. Because your plan is longer than the conflict

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For years, the relationship between China and Iran has been underpinned by a constant oil flow. However, the recent conflict between Iran and Israel caused Beijing He ordered his ships to turn in the Ormuz Strait. A seemingly technical gesture revealed something deeper: the limits of Chinese energy diplomacy. From partner to spectator. The recent climb between Iran and Israel, which included direct attacks and cross reprisalshe tested the link between China and the Islamic Republic. Although a truce promoted by Washington was declared, these weeks the gaze was set on this part of the planet. In that context, the international community looked towards Beijing, waiting for a clear gesture of support or at least mediation. But China opted for a prudent position: verbal sentences, called to dialogue, routine statements in the UN, According to Apnews. No military support, technical assistance, or real involvement. And that caught the attention, especially for what is at stake: between 80% and 90% of the oil that will export ends in Chinese refineries, which represents approximately 1.2 million barrels per day, According to France 24. Even so, Beijing chose diplomatic silence before the conflict. China is not the United States. And it does not intend to be either. While the United States maintains a network of military basesnaval fleets and strategic alliances in the Middle East, China has no comparable presence. Your only regional base It is in Yibutiand his attempts to expand to Oman or the Arab Emirates have been stopped, in part, by Washington’s pressure. As He explained The Interpreter, China has opted for a non -intervention policy. Its diplomacy in the region is pragmatic, transactional, guided by commercial interests rather than ideological affinities. “China’s footprint in the Gulf is commercial, it is not ready for combat,” said Craig Singleton, of the Foundation for the Defense of Democracies. For his part, William Figueroa, expert in China-Iran of the University of Groningen, It has been overwhelming In The Washington Post: “China has no capacity to militarily influence this conflict. Nor does it benefit from a broader war.” Although it is a matter of pragmatism. From Beijing, Zhu Feng, Dean of International Relations at Nanjing University, He has remarked In AP News that volatility in the Middle East “directly affects China’s economic security.” However, that does not mean that it will be absent. His greater diplomatic letter In the region was the 2023 agreement between Iran and Saudi Arabia, negotiated in Beijing. Although he was read as a Chinese geopolitical triumph, The Interpretter He has nuanced: “The distension had already been brewing with the help of Kuwait, Iraq and Oman. China simply gave him the final touch.” That discreet presence in the diplomatic field contrasts with its constancy in another key front: the energy. China has continued buying Iranian raw at reduced prices, Taking advantage of Tehran isolation For US sanctions. As has reported on their networks The journalist, Bachar el Halabi after the recent US bombings against Iranian nuclear facilities, oil exports to China did not stop, and in fact, they reached record levels. However, the relationship is fragile. In 2020, Iranian president Mahmud Ahmadineyad criticized the agreement of 25 -year cooperation between the two countries for considering it opaque and suspicious. Rumors about alleged Chinese military bases in Iran They circulated in the local pressfeeding distrust. When there is a dependency. This week, Reuters He has revealed that Washington has authorized that ethane cargoes – a key natural gas for the petrochemical industry – are loaded in US ports to China, as long as they do not end in Iranian territory. The operation, according to the letter released by the Office of Industry and Security of the Department of Commerce, is approved under the condition that the product is not discharged or redirected towards Iran. It may seem a bureaucratic technicalism, but it really says much more. This type of movements exposes how the United States continues to set the rules of the global energy game, even when it comes to exchanges between its two main strategic rivals. For China, the message is clear: its energy trade with Iran is still under surveillance. And for Iran, the warning is even more evident: Any attempt to avoid economic isolation, even indirectly, can be blocked from afar. The dragon rhetoric. Beijing wants to be a global referee, but he is behaving as a spectator. A recent example is the Defense Summit of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (OCS), held in Qingdao, where Chinese Minister Dong Jun spoke of a world in “chaos and instability,” According to Deutsche Welle. The meeting was attended by their counterparts from Russia, Iran, Pakistan and Belarus. China projected symbolic power, but did not offer concrete solutions. In fact, even when they will threatened to close the Ormuz Strait – where 20% of the world crude, vital for China – pekin transits only the diplomatic tone, without major consequences. And, as multiple analysts explain, China has little appetite for risk. It is not yet willing to “risk the neck” in others. As It has concluded Craig Singleton in AP News, “When missiles fly, the so promoted ‘Strategic Association’ of China with Iran is reduced to communications. Beijing wants Iranian Iranian oil and headlines as a peacemaker, but let Washington load with the risks of hard power.” A strategic patience. China remains a key actor of the global economic order, but its energy diplomacy does not obey improvisation or shyness. On the contrary, its caution in the Middle East can be a symptom of a deeper strategy: observe, resist external pressure and prepare the terrain before intervening seriously. Beijing is not dragged by the logic of immediate power. He knows that in regions as volatile as Middle East, the cost of acting too soon may be greater than waiting. His silence, far from being absence, can be part of a longer play. Because oil unites, yes, but it also marks the rhythm of a power that is not in a hurry, … Read more

The United States has threatened reprisals to Spain if it does not put 5% of GDP in defense. Olive oil trembles

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They do not run easy times for Spanish olive oil. Still Broken marketthe turbulence in prices and suspicion of the “speculation”now an unexpected threat is added: Donald Trump’s anger. Yesterday, after the disagreement between Washington and Madrid during the NATO Summit, the Republican said he will “pay” Spain for his refusal to dedicate 5% of GDP to military spending. He did not go into details, but it was enough to stir the ghost of the tariffs. Especially for a sector, that of olive oil, with a key weight in the US. “They pay double”. It is not the first time that Donald Trump shows Your anger For the reluctance of Spain to dedicate 5% of GDP to defense, but never before had it done so round. On Wednesday, after Sánchez insisted on his refusal to reach the same expense commitment as the rest of NATO allies, the Republican warned Spain that would have to pay yes or yes. “It is terrible what Spain is doing and we will make it pay,” Trump started After the NATO summit held in The Hague. “It is the only country that refuses to pay. We are going to make them pay twice, but otherwise (…). The Spanish economy is going very well, but it could be razed if something happens.” Have I heard tariffs? The US president did not stay there. He said he would look for a way to “compensate him” and launched a notice: “We are negotiating with Spain a commercial agreement and we will make them pay double.” The experts They recognize that it is difficult for the US in less than two weeks The deadline agreed by Washington and Brussels expires to avoid a tariff war, his words have raised blisters. “It takes us out of the market”. The restlessness is greater among the sectors with the greatest presence on the other side of the Atlantic and that, therefore, more harmed would be seen if Trump uses its tariffs to ‘punish’ Spain. In 2024 our country exported goods worth more than more than 21.200 million of dollars, with a prominent weight of certain sectors, such as machinery, pharmacist or agri -food. And in the latter there are those who already recognize their concern. “It seems tremendously serious. It gives us panic and of course (if fulfilled) it completely takes us out of the market,” Recognize to the Efe Rafael Sánchez de Puerta agency, president of the Agrifood Cooperatives Oil section. The sector knows what he’s talking about, he remembers, because years ago he has already suffered The tariffs activated by Washington in the middle of Boeing-Airbus commercial war. A figure: 1,031 million. The olive oil is not the only sector that has been put on guard. In the last hours the looks have also been directed to other industries with a strong presence in the US, such as The wine or pharmacist. However The data The government shows that the oil mills are one of the most vulnerable to Trump’s anger, at least within the agricultural sector. Last year they sold in the US more than 113,400 tons of olive oil by 1,013 million of euros, 58% more than the previous year. In fact, the American is one of the largest markets in the sector, after the Italian. If the White House decided to apply levies to olive oil, Spanish producers would see how they are complicated 15% of its exports. The what … and when. The tariff ghost also caught the oil industry at a complex time, after several years marked by squalid campaigns due to droughts and a not much simpler horizon. Although farmers are enjoying a good harvest, which will overcome the 1.4 million tonsthey face a price drop in origin that has dragged them to a committed situation. So much that the Ministry of Agriculture has already moved to remove oil from the market, If you judge it necessary. Images | Gage Skidmore (Flickr) and NEUFAL54 In Xataka | The Spaniards have been telling us that olive oil is the healthiest. Science has something to say

Is olive oil the healthiest of all?

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We tend to see olive oil, and especially the extra virgin or Aove, such as the cusp of the pyramid in terms of food fats. And not only in regard to his culinary excellence, but also in regard to his health impact. The big question is whether this pillar of the Mediterranean diet is up to this second aspect. Fats are not a necessary evil of our gastronomy, they are one more macronutrient for our body, which requires a source of lipids as required carbohydrates, proteins and micronutrients. Cholesterol and triglycerides Examples of these compounds are whose presence in our body is necessary. In addition to providing us with energy, lipids fulfill functions such as saving and transporting this or making messengers inside the cells, among others. On the other hand, problems can also cause us in some contexts, such as when cholesterol accumulates in our arteries. Nutrition is a complex area: different types of lipids can help us in different contexts and each food product can contain different proportions of each of the compounds that usually form them. Besides, Measure the impact on health of the consumption of some foods requires long follow -ups of the health status of the people who consume them. The notion that olive oil is superior to other sources of fat in regards to its impact on health is widespread. We owe this, at least in part, to the fact that this fat is one of the bases of the Mediterranean diet, considered one of the healthiest in the world. However, this does not necessarily imply that it is a healthy option. Fortunately, we have tools to evaluate this, as developed a few years ago by the Institute of Fat (IG), Research Center assigned to the CSIC (Higher Council for Scientific Research). After studying various culinary sources of fat, both animals and vegetables, the IG team developed an index (With values ​​between 0 and 100, being 100 the maximum score and with the 50 as a limit of the “approved”). To create the index, they explained at the time, those responsible for the study attended to the “dietary recommendations and health allegations of the main international organizations.” The result? Of the four best evaluated fats, three were derived from the olive. Virgin olive oil was The best valuedthus taking the maximum score, 100. As explained by the team responsible for creating the index In an article In the magazine Nutrients“One of the factors that contribute to the positive score for AOV (virgin olive oil) was its high oleic acid content.” The ranking of the fats The next three positions resulted from a tie with a index of 86. The fats that achieved this note were common olive oil, olive pomace oil, and linen oil. Sunflower oil, another usual in our kitchens received an index of 82, which placed it in the immediately following position, together with the sesame oil. In general, vegetable fats received evaluations superior to those of animal origin. Among them, the Fish fats They were better valued, and the beef tall and the lard (45), and the butter (32) the worst note received. Of course, these were not the worst valued: margarine received a worse index (14) and the list was closed by coconut butter, with a zero. Other experts seem to coincide with this evaluation. An example is those of the Harvard Medicine School, which They point that olive oil is rich in monounsaturated fats and that many of its benefits could come from there. These fats, they explain, have only one double bond between carbon atoms, which implies that they have less hydrogen atoms than saturated fats. This structure is responsible for these oils to remain liquid at room temperature. Howard E. Lewine, Chief Editor of Medicine of Harvard Health Publishing, pointed in a piece that “olive oil is rich in monounsaturated fatty acidscontaining around 75% by volume. When we replace saturated fats, monounsaturated fats can reduce your ‘bad’ LDL cholesterol. The benefits of olive oil have been attributed to its antioxidant and anti -inflammatory properties. ” In Xataka | Image | Umbe Ber

The oil market is so broken that Spain already prepares its great weapon to fix it: remove oil via decree

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They do not run easy times for the olive oil market. Or rather, they run paradoxical times. In recent years, farmers had to deal with bad harvests that raised prices and They punished consumption. Now they enjoy a good campaign that will overcome the 1.4 million tonsbut things are not much better. The prices they charge They have fallen so much that they have left them in a committed situation, with a Great hole In your income. Given that scenario, the government has decided to move and endow A ‘Nuclear button’ That, if necessary, it will allow you to stabilize the market in the 2025-2026 campaign. As? Removing oil if the harvest is very abundant. What happened? That the Ministry of Agriculture wants to anticipate a possible imbalance in the extra virgin olive oil sector. In view of The good prospects Of the 2024-2025 campaign and the fear that this abundance of fruit ends up impacting the Spanish market, the government has launched its administrative machinery to have a tool that allows it to re-may be rebuilt. As? Basically removing oil from the oil mills. Remove olive oil? Exact. The community regulations allow states to activate a “marketing standard” for the olive oil sector that “improves and stabilizes” its market. That general framework moved to Spain with the Royal Decree 84/2021which in turn contemplates that “when the conditions justify it” it is withdrawn as a result of the markets, reserving it for the next campaign or even dedicating it to a different use to that of food. The process, yes, is somewhat more complex and requires that the autonomies and organizations representing the sector be consulted before. And that is precisely what the Ministry of Agriculture has just done: open A public consultation so that those who want to comment on their order for the 2025/2026 campaign can do so. The observations can be sent until next Wednesday. And why do you do it? For the data that arrive from the olive sector itself. Although the crops of 2022/2023 and 2023/2024 were rather Parcas (666,000 and 854,500 tons, respectively), which contributed to the price of olive oil to be triggered in the stores, the current panorama is quite different. It is estimated that the current campaign, which started in October and will end in September, will leave More than 1.4 million of tons. In March the Minister of the Branch, Luis Planas, even He spoke of 1.42 million. There are who is even More optimistic and talks about major figures for the next campaign. And how do prices respond? If in 2023 and 2024, coinciding with the bad harvests, the price of olive oil came to be around nine euros per kilo in the case of the Aove, now, with a generous campaign, that value has been reduced to 3.59 euros. And so It is a problem For farmers. Juan Luis Ávila, from COAG, warned In May that while the consumer pays about six euros for the liter of oil, the producers receive less than 3.5 euros for the AVE, which would be below the cost of production in the olive groves. What is that fall? The million dollar question. Especially since farmers ensure that market prices are not those that should in current circumstances. “The data is overwhelming and alarming, since there is an unjustified lag of more than two euros per kilo between the real price at the origin of olive oil and the value it should have,” He warned in May Miguel Padilla, of the Coordinator of Agriculture and Livestock Organizations, COAG. To reinforce its position, the collective even presented A report which estimated that the Aove should quote 5.55-6.14 euros per kilo in the current campaign, far from what the olivicultores perceive. “Speculation Campa at ease”, regrets UPA General Secretary, Cristóbal Cano, who believes that there should be “a different pricaries in the market, according to the law of supply and demand.” What will the new standard be for? With its new order for the 2025-2026 campaign, the government wants to be prepared to “stabilize” the market with a clear strategy: withdrawing product. From the Ministry they advance, yes, that will only happen “if high production estimates are found that can generate imbalances.” I would be The first time That the Planas department activates the mandatory oil withdrawal mechanism to rebalance the market. What does the sector think? The EFE agency has spoken with several organizations, such as ASAJA, COAG, UPA, UDU or agro-food cooperatives, which the initiative see with good entrance. “It is absolutely essential to have all the prepared machinery. Until now we had not needed, but before a predictable good harvest we have seen the convenience of activating it, as simple as possible, to avoid the sinking of prices,” comment In DCoop. Not everyone is equally optimistic. In Murcia there are producers who They are suspicious that the oil withdrawal from the market to control prices is the effective solution. Images | Government of Castilla-La Mancha (Flickr) and Deoleo In Xataka | More and more giants get into the Andalusian field and in the olive oil industry. The last: Pepsico

Whenever there has been war in the Middle East the price of oil has shot. Now something different is happening

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A truce between Iran and Israel announced by President Donald Trump had an immediate impact on energy markets. According to Financial TimesBrent’s crude oil fell up to 5.6 % on the morning of Tuesday, June 24 – having $ 67.50 per barrel – after the news of the high to fire. However, market volatility has not ceased during the day. Prices have partially rebound after Israel accused Iran of raping the truce and threatened with a “blunt response.” At the end of the day, According to Oilprice dataBrent’s price remains around 67 dollars. This sway reflects how the oil market is still extremely sensitive to geopolitical holders. Hadn’t they shot each other? Less than two months ago, A perfect sinking storm The price of oil below $ 60, for tariffs, refinery closure and overproduction. With the outbreak of the conflict between Iran and Israel, oil prices They had shot. As He explained Bloomberg, the military offensive revived one of the greatest fears of the oil market: an interruption of the supply from Iran, the third largest producer in the region. However, that climb lasted little, exceeding the breeze price of $ 80 per barrel only for a few hours. Operators did not detect concrete damage to critical infrastructures or interruptions in crude oil flow, which quickly cooled expectations. A persistent threat. Despite the initial containment, the Ormuz Strait remains the great friction point. For this narrow one – just 9 kilometers at its closest point – circulates around 20 % of the world crude. Iran has repeatedly threatened to close it if the scale scale, which would activate one of the worst scenarios for global markets. The tension has generated concrete reactions. Several Chinese oil ships They have received instructions to avoid the area. This gesture suggests that, although there is still no open conflict, navigation risks are real and affect logistic decisions of key actors such as China. There is a superlative difference. Despite tensions, prices have not climbed as in past crises. This is due to several structural factors such as high production and sufficient reserves. Thanks to the rise of Shale Oil in the US and the increase in production in Canada, Guyana and Brazil, the global market has a wide mattress. Even if Iranian exports were stopped – about 2 million barrels per day – OPEC+ could supply the void without great shocks, According to Bloomberg. On the other hand, in the same medium, they have stressed that even China, the largest oil consumer in the last decades, shows signs of having reached a roof in its demand, added to its own national production. A fragile balance. The immediate future of the oil market will depend on three major factors. The first, and more critical, is the Ormuz Strait: if Iran decides to close – or threats credible with doing it – this strategic route, prices could be shot. Second, there is the response from the United States and Israel. If the truce is officially broken or military reprisals intensify, a new cycle of uncertainty and volatility in markets would open. Finally, China’s position, the main Iranian crude buyer. Any decision of Beijing – is a tactical withdrawal, greater caution in transport or diplomatic pressure – could alter the current balance. For now, operators seem to assume that the situation will remain contained, without a real interruption of the supply. But with the atmosphere so loaded, a single spark could return to oil to the center of the hurricane. Image | Pexels Xataka | Geography has given Iran its best weapon against the US: a red button to shoot the world oil price

The oil ships are changing route to avoid the Ormuz Strait. Who will pay the detour: We

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Hostilities between Israel and Iran have reached a new peak of tension. The impact has not been expected: The price of oil rises and all looks point to the Ormuz Strait. Through that narrow step it circulates almost a fifth of the world crude, and although it has not been blocked, the tension is already altering routes, more than transportation and raising the pressure on the global energy market. A global bottleneck. The Ormuz Strait connects the Persian Gulf with the Gulf of Oman and the Arabic Sea, and is under the control of Iran. Only in 2024, more than 1.4 million barrels daily on ships were transported. According to Bloombergalso manages about 27% of the global oil liquefied gas flow (LPG). A partial or total obstruction It would directly affect energy powers such as China and India, as well as Iran, which has the third largest oil reserve on the planet. An unprecedented climb. Amid the registration of the conflict, many shipowners have begun to avoid the area or demand much higher risk premiums to cross it. According to Financial Timesthe result has been a vertiginous rise in charter prices. According to Clarksons Research figures cited by the British media, the daily rate to rent a VLCC (Vary Large Crude Carrier) that transports 2 million barrels of crude oil from the Gulf to China jumped from $ 19,998 to $ 47,609 in just a week. And not only oil transport has been increased: tank ships that transfer refined products, such as gasoline and diesel, have also doubled their rates, reaching more than $ 51,000 daily on that same route. The gas feels the impact. The tension has caused a slight fall in maritime traffic in the area, and some countries have begun to take precautions. Catar, through his state company Qatarenergy – the world’s largest exporter in the world – officially recommended to its vessels, care to cross the Strait, being the first measure known by an energy producer of the Gulf, According to Bloomberg. The tension is intensified. Iran, under international sanctionsuse a “ghost fleet”: ships that operate outside the international regulatory system, without valid insurance or security certifications. This not only represents a legal risk, but also operational. On June 17, Petrolero Front Eagle, of the Norwegian Frontline company, collided with one of these ships just after leaving the Gulf, According to Reuters. That same day, two other oil tankers collided and even caught fire, while two others were approached by Iranian vessels, which led to a “maximum alert” in the area. According to Richard Fulford-Smith, director of the firm Eden Ocean, cited by the Financial Timessome oil buyers are opting for suppliers other than Iran who use regulated vessels. This is pushing the demand towards the legitimate fleet and further increases the global rates. And now what? Uncertainty has already pushed some companies to redirect their routes outside the Persian Gulf, despite the additional cost. China and India could increase their purchases to suppliers such as Saudi Arabia or Russia, which do not depend on the Strait. So, some vessels are demanding higher risk premiums to cross the area, while others prefer to avoid it completely. For its part, United States has begun to reinforce its military presence. Can there be a real closure? Although there has been no official closure of the Strait, the tension has raised the fears that it may occur. Oxford Economics has recently warned In Bloomberg that the price of the Brent barrel could reach $ 130 if a total blockade occurs. And the most worrying: an eventual risk premium could be maintained even after a reopening. For now, the flows continue, but with greater caution and an increasingly dense naval presence. Energy risk. The Ormuz Strait is still open, but fear of a block is more present than ever. For now, the flow of crude and gas continues, although conditioned by a conflict that threatens to spread. The tension has not paralyzed trade, but has more expensive. And that, in the energy market, is enough to light alarms. Image | Pexels Xataka | A fear has taken over the world oil industry: the closure of the Ormuz Strait by Iran

Jaén conquered Spain for its olive oil. Now he has conquered Europe with his drones

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Jaén has achieved a New milestone related to drone flight at European level. For the first time in Europe, a control transfer operation (Handover) has been carried out in full flight without interruptions in the link. The importance of the operation lies not only in crucial applications that have this type of flights for the transport of medical supplies in remote areas, but in how they have achieved it. What happened. In the Jiennense olive grove, between Beas de Segura and Villacarrillo, its Atlas Alpha and Atlas Bravo centers have carried out successfully The first European drone control transfer operation. Those responsible for the project describe a flight in which a protagonist has participated a UAS Tarsis (non -manned fixed -wing system) of 75 kilos, accompanied by two multi -pile drones and three Spanish flight teams, in collaboration with the University of Seville. The goal? Show the viability of unmanned air systems in transport of health material in remote or difficult access areas. But the key is not in the objective of use, it is on the flight itself. Why is it important. It is the first time in Europe that an operation of this draft is performed. Until now, it had never been possible to transfer the full flight control of a fixed wing drone with these dimensions between two stations separated by 23km. This flight represents an important advance in the future of drug transport in remote areas and a break between the barriers of distance: the limitations cease to be a problem if the transfer of the drone is successful. Why is it so difficult. Dron’s operations are limited by their radius of scope: If the aircraft moves away from its control stationGoodbye flight. Hence the importance of achieving a real -time control transfer and without interruptions. But this goes beyond the technical side. The milestone here is not the distance, it is the relay. The “Handover” is not just a transfer of flight mechanics, it is a transfer of legal and operational responsibility. This project shows that, in the future, a drone managed by a company A can go through space and transfer flight responsibility to a company B. The U-Space. To make this transfer possible, the European Union has a set of services and procedures framed within what it calls U-spaceits traffic management system for drones. When operating under this framework, each operator must register their drone, present their flight plan and obtain real-time digital authorization through the U-Space system, under the supervision of the common information provider (CISP), in this case the Spanish ENAIRE. This flight was not a simulation, but a real test with multiple actors of how it is possible to coordinate a control transfer operation under an U-SPAC infrastructure. It shows that it is viable to climb this model to other missions with low altitude drones, from health logistics to surveillance, agriculture or emergencies. Europe had not achieved it. Jaén has been the first to achieve it, although in Europe efforts are being focused to minimize reach losses on long distance flights. Galicia has designed U-Space cells in the ports of A Coruña and Malpica To connect two points in the same management and Valencia space too Drones for logistics operations in its ports. The Jiennense project will not be the only one. This is a project at European level, and it is planned to develop throughout eight Spanish autonomous communities: Andalusia, Aragon, Canary Islands, Catalonia, Valencian Community, Galicia, Madrid and Navarra. Image | ENAIRE In Xataka | China conquered us with its cheap drones. Now the price of its pieces is shooting for a reason that is not accidental

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