discovered

Coffee has no cholesterol but does raise its levels. And someone has discovered the perfect elaboration to limit it

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We are increasingly clear that coffee is a food with Positive properties for our health. However, it has traditionally been surrounded by many myths. Many of them Caffeine relatedbut also some related to things as serious as supposed damage to the heart and its incidence in cholesterol levels. And the latter is half myth. Because coffee has no cholesterol, but compounds that, depending on how we prepare it, will influence more or less on LDL (“bad cholesterol”). Cafestol and Kahweol. Let’s see, if coffee has no cholesterol, how do some of its compounds do have an impact on cholesterol? The reason is that we do not drink coffee in grain, but we crush it to get a ‘dust’ from which to get an extraction and, therefore, the coffee cup. When we break down the coffee beans the oils of it are released, and in them we have fat -soluble diterpenes that are those that have an impact on blood cholesterol levels. Mixed effects. These compounds have some health benefits, since they have anti -inflammatory and anticancer properties. It has also been observed that it favors osteoblastic activity that helps bone health and can have antidiabetic effects. However, the contradictions are there. Although both have a similar effect, it is cafestol that acts as an enemy of FXR receptors, inhibiting the synthesis of bile acids in the liver and, therefore, reducing its effectiveness by eliminating the cholesterol from our body. When this occurs, cholesterol levels increase, with more notable increases in LDL cholesterol. The investigation. Does this mean that I must stop drinking coffee? Not much less, since although these diterpenes can influence cholesterol levels, lead It allows to maintain the cholesterol at bay. We are not talking about sugary drinks or alcohol, go. Now, in a investigation carried out by the University of Uppsala in collaboration with the Technological University of Chalmers have found the coffee preparation method that less Cafestol and Kahweol allows our body to reach. Processing. To do this, the team took two coffee samples from different offices resting machine machines every two or three weeks, with coffee varieties that included average and dark gall of five trademarks of ground coffee. Most machines use ground coffee, but a couple They grind before (the super -automatic). In total, eleven machines were analyzed, three that use coffee concentrate (mix with water). Compared the results with other preparation methods such as percolation, the French press, boiled coffee and samples of espresso. The goal is to see which one prepares coffee with the highest levels of both coffee and kahweol. And the result is overwhelming. Boiled coffee. In the upper graph we can see the concentration of coffee in the different elaborations and there is a clear winner, as well as an obvious “loser”. Previously, it had indicated that boiled coffee was the highest source of these diterpenes and was not as recommended on a regular basis. And it is logical because it does not filter coffee at all. On the contrary, the best elaboration to reduce coffee to the minimum possible is through filter coffee. Here there are variations depending on the filter material, but in the analyzes it is shown as the elaboration that, in a more consistent way, keeps the coffee levels in coffee. Interestingly, we can achieve the same effect by preparing boiled coffee if we like it more and then filtering it, which is the icon of the chart sock. Too many variables. A problem that researchers were found is that, although the concentrations of diterpenes in the machine of the machines was always inferior to the preparations of boiled coffee and other elaborations such as French pressthe concentrations vary significantly between machines and between the sampling intervals. Of the machines, those that use liquid concentrated coffee have lower levels of diterpenes, similar to those of the filtered coffee. Typologies. This may be due to the type of coffee that is placed in the machine or the temperature at which they heat the water, but there is a more disconcerting case: that of the espresso. The researchers comment that a “considerable and clear explanation variation is observed in the concentration of diterpenes among the four samples analyzed”, recognizing that it is something that requires an additional study because it could be relevant to the usual consumers of this preparation. “It can contain high levels of substances that raise cholesterol.” It is the warning of this machine in a Swedish office photographed by Uppsala University And limitations. The team has focused on measuring the concentration of diterpenes, ensuring that it is known that they negatively affect other lipoproteins such as triglycerides, but that it is an aspect that they have not taken into account for their research. In addition, they also recognize that, although the results are solid and there is a “better way to prepare coffee” to maximize coffee, the study has important limitations. On the one hand, the size of the sample, since these are several collection maintained over time, yes, but of eleven concrete machines when there are many, many more in the market. On the other hand, there are variables such as water pressure and temperature, contact time between ground coffee and hot water, grinding or grain gall. Next steps. Come on, too many things, something logical taking into account that there are not only many different coffee machines, but a huge fan in terms of water and coffee gut. It is something that, they point out, it would be interesting to analyze in the future, as well as studies that compare coffee consumers of companies with coffee machines in front of others in which they use paper filtered with paper. In whatever, there are many studies and they themselves comment that “long -term prospective studies on cardiovascular results that could help confirm the causality of the associations” must be carried out between the diterpenes and the increase in LDL cholesterol. At the moment, I will continue to have coffee regularly, but … Read more

Millions of people drink from the water that arrives from the snow of the K2. We have just discovered pollutants in them

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The K2 is the second highest peak on the planet after Everest and probably one of the most difficult and dangerous peaks to reach for climbers. It owes its name to the Karakórum mountain range, where it is located. It is located in a remote puppy area played between Pakistan and India, but its remoteness has not prevented pollution from reaching it. And with it the risk of thaw. Black carbon. A study by an international team of researchers has found black carbon traces in the Godwin-Austen glacier and on the surface of the K2. According to Explain the study responsible for the studythis pollutant can be an ice risk in a mountainous area that feeds a river responsible for supplying more than one billion people. Black carbon is presented as small carbon particles as a result of the incomplete combustion of some compounds. These particles are part of the volatile compounds known as particular matter and can affect our health and the environment. As explained by the team responsible for the study, being deposited in snow or on ice, black carbon can accelerate its melting. This may imply the loss of frozen mass, reducing the time that snow passes on the surface, they add. Taking samples. In its study, the team collected samples of superficial snow in fields 1 and 2 of the K2 between 2018 and 2019. Sampling was also carried out along the walls of two well -excavated wells in the snow layer on the glacier. The team performed an isotopic analysis of the snow layer to estimate when the snow began to accumulate. All this for, In the words of Nicolás González-SantacruzCo -author of the study, “Determining the moment of formation of the snow layer is essential to precisely interpret black carbon data.” The details of the work done were published In an article In the magazine Journal of glaciology. A seasonal snow. The analysis concluded that the snow of the glacier has a seasonal character, that is, that it accumulates between October and until the end of winter and then disappear completely between spring and summer. This fact allowed to know in detail when the different concentrations of black carbon were deposited. Looking for the source of pollution. The team analyzed the black carbon samples also to track the origin of this pollutant. They found that the accumulated carbon during the fall of 2018 had their main origin in the North Basin of the Indo River, while in the subsequent concentrations (winter 2018 and 2019), the influence of regions such as the Middle East, Asia Central and Eastern Europe, González-Santacruz added. The sum of several problems. We associate the thaw of glaciers and other icy areas of the world to climate change derived from high atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. However, neither thaw is the only phenomenon attributable to this change nor global warming has to be the sole responsible for the thaw. Understanding the diversity of factors that are interconnected in the context of climate change is key to understanding the potential effects of this, both in terms of people and in what affects ecosystems. In Xataka | Snowing stations at the end of the century: the most pessimistic models show what could happen in our high mountain Image | Zacharie Grossen, CC by-SA 4.0

Mrbeast has discovered a much more lucrative business than making videos on YouTube: Sell chocolate

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Mrbeast became a Internet superstar globally Thanks to his video and challenges on YouTube. However, far from beating content creation, the youtuber has managed to transform its fame into A business empire diversified valued in billions of dollars. Ironically, the main engine of this empire is no longer the more than 377 million Mrbeast followers and its most crazy challenges: selling chocolate has been much more profitable. The teenager who became a millionaire playing. Jimmy Donaldson, the name behind Mrbeast, began his adventure on YouTube in 2012 with only 11 years. Like most kids of his age, his first videos showed him playing fashion video games: Call of Duty and Minecraft. For years, he analyzed what type of content he worked better on the platform, learning the secrets of the algorithm and how to capture the audience’s attention. YouTube was small. He cannot be denied that he knew how to find the correct key and turned what began as a hobby, into a lucrative business that It led him to leave the university to devote yourself completely to your career on YouTube. In recent years, their videos have almost become blockbusters with hundreds of millions of visualizations worldwide, with challenges as popular as the recreation of “The squid game “in real lifetheir experiences of survival in extreme situations or Your own program In Amazon Prime Video. Diversify the business. However, despite the fact that the YouTube channel continues to be a pillar in the Holding of Beast Industries companies that Donaldson has created, it is not, from afar, the most profitable. The conglomerate of MRBASET companies has Lunchly under its umbrella, a brand of snacks, ViewStats, a software company for content creators. However, the real Crown jewel It is feastable, its chocolate bars brand. Feastable: nobody bites a sweet. Mrbeast’s incursion into the chocolate world began in 2021 with the launch of feastable. The brand became popular immediately because youtuber and their adventure companions usually consume them in their videos, and have even turned their chocolates into the protagonist of some of them. To promote their chocolates, Mrbeast challenged his followers to find a golden ticket on their chocolate bars, and invited the winners to compete for a boat of $ 500,000 in cash in one of their videos, to the purest Willy Wonka style. This strategy, combined with the quality of Your chocolate barscatapulted feastable to sales success. The chocolate empire surpasses the media empire. According to published Bloombergdocuments sent to possible investors, feastable registered sales valued at 250 million dollars last year, with benefits that exceeded 20 million. In contrast, the media business of MRBAST, which includes its YouTube channel and its reality show for Prime Video, generated a similar sales volume, but recorded losses close to 80 million dollars. “I lost dozens of millions of dollars in Beast Games,” Donaldson confessed a few days ago In the podcast The Diary of A CEO. The food business ate YouTube. These figures published in Bloomberg’s article reveal that The chocolate business Mrbeast is currently more profitable than what the YouTuber generates with its videos. In fact, Beast Industries forecasts suggest that feastable will triple its size in the next two years. According to that data, last year, the United Arab Emirates investor Alpha Wave directed An investment round For Beast Industries, and valued Donaldson’s holding company in about 5,000 million dollarscompared to its last 2023 valuation that was 1.5 billion dollars. By 2026, the company of MR.BaAST estimates that the income from the business creation business will represent only a fifth of its total income. In Xataka | If the question is “how much money you can earn sleeping on Twitch”, the answer is Muroonh: $ 17,000 Image | Feastable

We have just discovered that food can also affect the risk of developing lung cancer

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We know well that certain ways of life can affect our risk of suffering certain types of cancer. A clear case is that of the relationship between smoking and respiratory system tumors, especially lung. We also know that our diet It can affect to the probability that we develop cancers such as liver or colorectal. However, relationships can be somewhat more complex. Diet and lung cancer. A new study has linked The diet with the risk of lung cancer, a relationship that until now had remained, if it does not hide, at least in the shadow of other better known and explored connections. Adenocarcinoma and glycogen. The study focuses on the Pulmonary adenocarcinomaa tumor at the origin of 40% of cases of globally diagnosed lung cancer, explains the team responsible for the study. It is the cancer that causes more deaths in the United States, but it is also the most common lung cancer among people who have ever smoked. The new study focuses on glycogen accumulation. Glycogen is a polysaccharide, a sugar composed of simple sugars or monosaccharides, in this case a glucose chain. This sugar is used by our body as an energy reserve. The role of glycogen. The accumulations of Glycogen They had been observed in some types of cancers as well as in other diseases. Now, the team responsible for the new study, studied through computational and laboratory models how this complex sugar acts as “oncogenic metabolite.” As they explain, the greater the accumulation of the polysaccharide in cancer cells, greater and more dangerous will be tumor growth. In mice. The analysis in animal models (in mice) served to validate the theoretical results. The team found that, by feeding the mice with a diet that they catalog as “western”, capable of facilitating a greater presence of blood glycogen, cancer in the animals of the animals grew. In contrast, when glycogen levels fell, tumor growth was reduced. The details of the study were published In an article In the magazine Nature Metabolism. Diet and cancer risk. The team responsible for the study emphasizes that, although it is one of the first times (if not the first time) that lung cancer is linked to the diet, there are already numerous occasions when the diet has been put in the center of the strategies for cancer prevention. The diet is also an important pillar in treatments against this disease. “In the long term, our approach to cancer prevention should reflect the success of the antitabaco campaign (putting a greater emphasis on public awareness and policy -based strategies that promote healthier dietary choices as a fundamental component for disease prevention,” explained in a press release Ramon Sun, who led the team responsible for the study. Route for treatment. The good news is that the finding can open a way to improve treatments against this type of cancer. And we count at our disposal of drugs capable of controlling the level of glycogen in our body. Without the need to resort to pharmacological treatments, the study also allows highlighting the importance of a balanced diet in our health. In Xataka | Quantum computers begin to make a difference in a crucial field: the development of cancer vaccines Image | ROD Long

We have been trying to decipher how 1950 the Antarctica would be like. We just discovered it

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We have always seen the earth in the same way: Green and Brown Earth masses and the poles contrasting in white. Logical, because it has been tens of thousands of years covered by that white command, but the funny thing is that we have been trying to unravel What would Antarctica be like without ice. And we just discovered it in what is a curious and bleak view that could be the future of the earth. Decades melting Antarctica. Making Antarctica is not just a matter of curiosity. It is also key to predicting ice loss and sea level elevation. It is something that has studied Since 1950, but in 1996 the culminating moment came: the creation of the Bedmap consortium. With European support, many measurements and the most avant -garde technology at that time, the researchers marked the goal of creating a complete map of Antarctica. That came a few years later, with the Bedmap1 published in 2001. Bedmap1 Methods. It is what allowed us to know the average elevation of the rock base of Antarctica, the distribution of ice and its volume. Bedmap1 gave us a vision of that scenario with a resolution of five kilometers. In 2013 Bedmap2 appeared, for which they used ten times more measurements than the first and with a superior resolution. For the analysis, the researchers gathered data thanks to airplanes that fly over the area by sending radio pulses that allow measuring both the ice thickness and the most interesting: the depth of the rock bed. Crossing the data of these radars, batimetric data, satellite information and seismic studies, we can have that radiography of Antarctica. Bedman2 To the third is the defeated. And the most accurate so far is the one that crowns this article: Bedmap3. This is the result of the study of more than 82 million data points – some times more than those taken into account to elaborate Bedmap2 – and, as explained from British antarctic surveyit is as if they had removed the 27 million cubic kilometers of ice that cover the territory. In this new analysis, we see the most hidden places of the great mountains, but also details of the deepest cannons. Bedmap 2 already had a great level of detail, but this third map reveals is more depth in some areas. For example, where is the thickest layer of ice. It has been identified in an unnamed cannon in Wilkes, where the ice has a whopping 4,757 meters thick. Bedmap3 Fascinating. The resolution of this third attempt is 500 meters and, as we say, is the result of 70 years of measurements that have combined to give life to the new map. The three overlapping models It is what allows researchers to be more precise when having place statistics: Total ice volume in Antarcticaincluding ice platforms: 27.17 million km³. In Bedmap1, the calculation was 25.34 million km³. In Bedman2, 26.54 million km³. Total ice surface in Antarcticaincluding ice platforms: 13.63 million km² Ice thickness in Antarcticaincluding ice platforms: 1,948 m (excluding ice platforms: 2,148 m) Potential increase in sea level globally if all ice melts: 58 meters. And scary. That last value, the potential increase in sea level, is one of the main utilities of this type of research. It has not varied in the three attempts to map Antarctica and, as one of the researchers of the Bedmap project points out, the utility goes beyond the simple objective of satisfying curiosity. With the new data, Peter Fretwell comments that “it is evident that the Antarctic ice layer is thicker than we originally realized and has a greater volume of ice. It is also buried in a layer of rock located under sea level and is something that exposes ice at a greater risk of melting due to the incursion of warm water of the ocean. It is something that is taking place on the banks of the continent and what Bedmap3 shows us is that we have a slightly more vulnerable Antarctica than we thought. ” Precisely there is the disturbing. If the average temperature continues to increase, Bedmap3 may go from being a simple map to a prediction of the future of the earth. By the way, if you want to toys with Bedmap3, you have it in This link. Images | Bedmap, Bas In Xataka | Whenever there is a cold episode, voices arise that question climate change. The explanation is simpler than it seems

Piri Reis drew in 1513 the most incredibly precise map in America. So much that it included regions still not discovered

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The maps have been, They are being and will bea key piece in the history of mankind. The cartographers carry thousands of years profileing the land From our planet, a silhouette that has gone changing over the centuries and with Europe and Asia as the undisputed protagonists in cartography. However, from the 16th century, the obsession changed to the west: now we wanted to map America. 500 years before, Nordic explorers have already stepped on the American continent, reaching the coasts of what is now Canada and part of the United States and shaking your vision on a map. This Viking document perfectly reflects that ‘perfection’ of the European silhouette and the sketch, or La Mancha, which was the American continent. And, among all the incipient maps of America, the most intriguing may be that of Piri Reis. The reason is that It is very precise for its time And the author said he was based on lost maps, supposedly, drawn by Christopher Columbus. The mysterious Piri Reis map In the Era of the discoveriesExplorers such as Columbus, Magallanes or Vasco da Gama found their best ally on the maps. They helped cross the oceans, but as they did, they were capturing their vision of the ‘New World’ in maps to help in the planning of future expeditions. The map of Juan de la Costa of 1500 is considered the first that includes a representation of America. It has important accurate, but it is the only one made by a witness of the first two trips of Columbus and the terrestrial profile, unequivocally and despite errors, it is America. A few years later, in 1507, the Enigmatic map of Waldseemüllerin which the name “America” ​​was used for the first time. Again, there were errors in the profile of the Eastern coast of South America, but these two explorers were not the only ones who mapped the continent at this time. In 1513, the Ottoman Piri Reis not only mapped the same territory, but did it with a past accuracy and detailing territories that should not be there (because they had not been discovered). In this mapwe find the following: The east coast of South America to Argentine Patagonia. The Falkland Islands. Antarctica Here are several details that surprise and invite you to lift an eyebrow. Piri Reis was a admiral and cartographer who, from a young age, participated in several battles in the Mediterranean, cartographing the territory and its islands. However, in 1501, only nine years after the discovery of America, his uncle and captain Kemal Reis of the Ottoman fleet captured several Spanish ships near the Spanish coast. Questioning the crew and looting the ships, discovered that one of them had been in the New World during Columbus’s journey and had a map drawn by himself that represented the American profile. As he was not a cartographer, he took it to Piri to study it. Thus, the cartographer got to work and, having as a source That Map of Columbusother Portuguese maps and several cards, began in 1511 to design its map. He did it on gazelle skin and surprises that Piri, really, did not travel to the New World, but that he drew everything based on the sources that had gone to an expedition. As well as knowledge of Ptolemaic Mapamundis. The most controversial of the matter? To start, the Falklands. As many times throughout our history, the discovery of the islands has several boyfriends. Numerous maps after 1520 suggest that the Falklands were first sighted by Magallanes, but Portugal also wants merit and attributes it to Américo Vespucio’s trip of 1504. In the map of Waldseemüller the islands are already intuited, but it is in the Piri Reis that are represented in a much more faithful way to reality. Identified as ‘Il de Sare’, the islands have compared with the Malvinas, located east of the Magallanes Strait. The Horn of Argentina is more stretched than it should, also the Caribbean, but surprises how well represented the entire eastern area of ​​the continent is. Creatures … strange On the other hand, and the strangest thing is Antarctica. The first thing is that it is represented without ice, something impossible, since it has been covered by that white mantle. The second is that, officially, it was discovered in 1820. Apart from this, the cartographer made some descriptions of some of the areas and represented both animals and mythological creatures, something normal at the time. Chiripa and controversy For years, Piri Reis’s map was in the shadow. However, in 1929, a group of scholars had the commission of organizing the archives of the Topkapi Palace in Istanbul. The idea was to turn the palace into a museum, so you had to clean the basements and classify everything found. On a wall of the Ottoman Empire section, hidden and forgotten, the director of the national museums, Halid Edhem, found the map. Due to the mentions of Fuentes such as Cristóbal Columbus as it represented unknown details for the Ottomans of the early 16th century, the map was studied almost from the first moment. It is a Turkish national pride since 1933, but there is a problem: although it has extremely well represented areas, others, such as Stretched Caribbean Islands or the Union of Argentina with Antarcticaadded to the intrigue to know how an Ottoman who did not travel to a new world that, when the map was made, was in an extremely early phase of exploration, have raised controversy over the years. The most accepted theory about the map profile. There are those who say that Argentina’s horn is an error of the maps of the time, but also that having run out of space to draw would have motivated that elongated form Theories have been generated on the existence of ancient civilizations with advanced cartography abilities -controlled and without foundation. This may be because, although Piri cited reliable sources, he also referred to the “former kings of the sea.” … Read more

It doesn’t matter if you delete your messages on WhatsApp, Google keeps them the same. The State Attorney General has discovered him for the bad

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Google and WhatsApp have confirmed to the Supreme Court that they will retain the data of Attorney General Álvaro García Ortiz, according to PUBLICA The country. The prosecutor is being investigated for alleged revelation of secrets By filtering information about an agreement offered by Alberto González Amador’s lawyer, a couple of Isabel Díaz Ayuso, to avoid jail for two fiscal crimes. Politics on the margin, they have opened an interesting debate about true privacy in digital environments. Why is it important. The case brings to light a non-tan-known technological reality: erasing messages or emails from our devices does not mean that they completely disappear from the servers of technology companies, which can be forced to recover them by judicial orders. Between bambalins. Messaging applications and mail services maintain backups and records that survive the local erase. WhatsApp does two types of copies: one on the device itself and one in virtual storage that It is managed through Google. This creates a persistent data network difficult to eliminate completely. The general panoramic. This case exemplifies the complex of the storage architectures used by large technological ones, at the technical and legal level: The data is fragmented and doubled on several servers, in turn in several jurisdictions. The backups They are made automatically and in the background, often without explicit knowledge of the user. Complete data elimination requires concrete actions beyond simple erased in the device. In detail. The technical procedure to recover “deleted” messages implies several layers: Forensic access to local copies through specialized software. Request for metadata records (who sent what and when). Recovery of backups in the cloud that can remain even after the local erase. Analysis of Logs of servers that record the activity of communications. The authorities are looking for very specific data that technological ones retain despite the local deletion by the user. Message content, multimedia files exchanged, communications metadata and activity and connection records. The big question. This case illustrates a reality that many users do not know: the elimination of messages on our devices does not guarantee their definitive disappearance. For the common citizen, this means rethinking what we understand by digital privacy; For professionals in sensitive positions, it implies assuming that any electronic communication could be recovered in a future judicial process, regardless of whether or not it was deleted. Will our communicative habits change when we assume that “erased” may not really be? Outstanding image | State Council, Dimitri Karastelev in Unspash In Xataka | If the question is whether your company can add you to a WhatsApp group of work, the law leaves no doubt: it depends on who pays

There is a potentially habitable planet only 59 light years from Earth. The IAC has just discovered it from the Canary Islands

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Spain has a lot to say in the search for potentially habitable explanets. On this occasion, an international team led by researchers from the Institute of Astrophysics of the Canary Islands (IAC) has discovered a planet in the habitable zone of its star, just 59 light years from Earth. The finding. The newly discovered planet is called GJ 3998 d. It is a superstierra, which means that it is significantly larger than our planet, in this case with a mass six times greater than land. The important thing about GJ 3998 d is that orbits its star Within the “habitable zone”which means that it could have liquid water on its surface, whenever it is a rocky planet like ours. The habitable area. This new exoplanet orbit the GJ 3998which is a red dwarf. This type of star is much smaller and colder than the sun, so the habitable zone is at a lesser distance. GJ 3998 D completes an orbit around its star in approximately 42 days, a sixth part of what lasts a land year. Despite the proximity to the red dwarf, it only receives 20 % more radiation than the earth, which makes it a candidate to house the necessary conditions for life. Neighbors. Another point in favor of this new extrasolar planet is that it is relatively close to us, 59 light years away, which makes it a perfect candidate for more detailed studies in the future. Scientists plan to investigate whether GJ 3998 D has atmosphere and if there are signs of oxygen, which would be a strong indicator of the possible existence of extraterrestrial life. But for this they will have to wait for the future spectrograph Andes of the Extremely large telescope (Elt) of that, who will be able to analyze the composition of his atmosphere. Or to the telescope Exo Life Finder (ELF), currently in development by the Institute of Astrophysics of the Canary Islands. A red dwarf galaxy. Red dwarfs are particularly interesting because they are very common in our galaxy. They constitute almost three quarters of all known stars. In addition, its low mass facilitates the detection of planets that orbit around it. GJ 3998 has three known planets: GJ 3998 B, GJ 3998 Cy the newly discovered GJ 3998 d. This discovery was possible thanks to the Hades project, an international initiative that uses the Nazionale Galileo telescope (TNG) at the Rocque de los Muchachos Observatory, in La Palma, to look for planets around small and near stars. Image | Gabriel Pérez Díaz (SMM, IAC) In Xataka | The Webb Telescope has observed a planet so extreme that the clouds are rock and in the cold night 600 ºC ago

China has discovered a source of energy so massive that potentially lasts 60,000 years. The bad news: is Torio

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China sits on a virtually unlimited energy reserve. Only the Bayan Obo mine, in the Interior Mongolia region, could contain about 1 million tons of Torio, sufficient to meet the country’s energy needs for 60,000 years. In interior Mongolia. While the world, with China at the head, looks for alternatives to fossil fuels to complement the intermittent supply of renewables, the answer could be resting under our feet. More specifically, under the ground of Interior Mongolia, the Autonomous Region of China that limits the north with Mongolia. According to South China Morning Posta newly declassified 2020 study has revealed that Bayan Obo’s site could contain enough Torio to supply all the energy needs of China for millennia. Virtually unlimited. Only five years of mining waste in the largest field of rare earths in Interior Mongolia contain both Torio and the demand for US homes for the next thousand years, according to the study of China Geological Review magazine that CMP quotes. If it is exploited to the fullest, Bayan Obo’s mining complex could produce 1 million tons of thorium. We would be talking about enough production to supply China for 60,000 years, the article suggests. Context. The thorium is a radioactive element that is estimated between three and four times more abundant than uranium in the earth’s crust. Until recently, the official figures placed the Chinese reserves around 100,000-300,000 tons, in themselves of the largest in the world. With a potential of 1 million tons, Bayan Obo would go from being the largest rare land mine on a virtually unlimited Torio source. Some geologists described the finding as a change of play that would give China the worldwide control of the production of the material. Not so fast. In most cases, the thorium is obtained as a byproduct in rare earth processing (specifically, monacite) or uranium mining and phosphates. China is already the main producer of rare earths, and therefore manages large amounts of minerals containing Torio. Why don’t you exploit it commercially on a large scale? Because the thorium is a radioactive residue of delicate management. Its extraction, either by acid or alkaline digestion of Monacita, or as a recovery of mining tails, complicates waste management with the use of alkaline acids or metals that generate toxic and radioactive wastewater. Perspectives These challenges are not insurmountable, but require a regulatory framework and an important investment for the thorium to be competitive in front of Uranium in the Obtaining safe nuclear energy. And especially in front of renewable sources, which have been cheaper thanks to the exponential growth of the Chinese supply chain. However, the thorium can end up being key to reducing fossil fuel dependence (after all, renewables need batteries to offer continuous supply), and China already has Torio reactor testslike the TMSR-LF1 of 2 MW and its future scaled 10 MW version that could be ready in 2030. If the results are positive, China could end up making the jump to the first 100 MW Torio nuclear power plants. Image | Google In Xataka | The reactors of molten salts and Torio are the nuclear response to solve our energy future (and silence criticism) In Xataka | The moment of the thorium: what if we do not have to wait for the merger to have much more safer nuclear energy?

In 2016, a urologist discovered that a Disneyland attraction helped expel renal calculations. The story was a bit more complicated

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In September 2016, David Wartinger (Urologist and Professor Emeritus at Michigan State University) He published a study according to which the Russian mountains facilitated the passage of kidney stones and, of course, the media went crazy. The kidney calculations They usually cause intense pain, bleeding, nausea and vomiting. In many cases they do not even go through the ureter them alone and you have to reduce them to dust with shock waves. The mere idea that a simple walk in a fair attraction could help solve it was a bombing. Of course, the story had a small print. Big Thunder Mountain Railroad. At some point in the late nineteenth century, someone found A colossal gold vein in Big Thundera mountain of the southwest of the United States. Quickly, the small mining camp in the immediate vicinity became a prosperous city and the mountain was filled with an intricate system of trains that moved the mineral from one place to another. No one suspected that Big Thunder was a sacred place for the Native Americans. Or, rather, it was a damn place that the natives avoided as a soul that the devil carried. It was inevitable that, sooner or later, a catastrophe would pass. And it passed. Some speak of an earthquake, others of a sudden flood. Be that as it may, the town was abandoned and the mine was closed until, years later, an expedition discovered that the wagons continued to move through the heart of the mountain without anyone who handled them. No, As Randy Meeks explained to usIt is not a real event: the plot of the most mythical mountain of Disneyland. That’s where history begins. A urologist in Michigan. As Wartinger himself explainedthe idea came unexpectedly. “Basically, I had patients who told me that after getting on a certain Russian mountain in Walt Disney World, they were able to expel their kidney calculations (…) I even had a patient who said he expelled three different calculations after climbing several times” As it seems, this theory did not pay much attention until, already retired, he discovered that other urologists They told similar things. It was then, when he felt the need to put it into practice. He did not do it with people, of course: he did it with a 3D model of a kidney with three calculations. He put it in the backpack, went to Orlando and rode 20 times in the Big Thunder Mountain. And what did you discover? “In total, we use 174 kidney calculations in different shapes, sizes and weights to see if each model worked in the same attraction and in two other roller mountains,” Wartinger explained in Msu Today. Interestingly, Big Thunder was the only one that gave positive results. “In the pilot study, sitting on the last car of the Russian mountain showed a success rate of around 64 percent, while sitting in the first cars only had a successful rate of 16 percent.” A simple curiosity … that quickly took out of context. With the help of the same Wartinger, by the way. As explained in Snopesin the interviews given by the retired urologist went far beyond reporting the results of his study. “If you have kidney calculations, but otherwise it is healthy and meets the requirements of the trip, patients should try it. It is certainly a cheaper alternative to medical care,” he said. The problem is that the basis for this is weak. What really does science say? There is no doubt that, as other urologists pointed out, This preliminary evidence suggests that a roller coaster can help naturally expel (very “) small. But, obviously, there is no empirical basis to recommend it. That is, it is a very striking study that could give an interesting clinical trial. A study that was never conducted. And without which, raising it as an alternative is risky: the experience of riding in that roller coaster with a large calculation can be terrible. Image | Renato Mitra In Xataka | There are people addicted to drink up to 15 liters of water daily (and it is a more serious problem than it seems)

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