data

The data suggests that Germany works less hours than Spain. The reality of your labor market tells another story

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The reduction of working hours and how to face it is an issue on the debate table in a good part of the world. In Spain, the reduction of working hours is in Parliamentary Processing Phase and it is expected that at the end of the year a working day of 37.5 hours per week will be carried out. Countries like Germany, United Kingdom or Portugal have performed pilot tests of the four -day work week to evaluate The effect of that reduction. However, why is the reduction of working on if, according to 2023 data of Eurostat, in Spain the Real workday Average is already 36.4 hours a week, while in Germany is 34 hours a week? The key after that figure is in the quality of the employment of each country and reveals that, even if it may seem, a worker in Germany does not work less hours than in Spain. The middle days. In response to Eurostat data, indeed, the days in Germany seem to be shorter than in Spain, with 36.4 hours a week in front of the 34 hours of Germany. However, if we segment that data by type of day, the expected thing would be for working hours to maintain the same proportion. Nothing is further from reality. By differentiating the Eurostat data Between full time and part -time day we find that the average number of usual weekly hours in the main employment in full -time is 40.2 hours a week in both Spain and Germany. Something similar happens when differentiating the part -time Where Spain leaves an average of 20.3 hours a week, while on average part -time workers in Germany do 21.8 hours. So, if the days of Spain and Germany are not so different, why is there such a remarkable difference in the average? The key is in the quality of the labor market. Precariousness. According to him Press report Prepared by an expert council appointed by the Ministry of Labor and Social Economy in 2022, 42% of workers in Spain suffer some kind of precariousness (Submployment, temporary contracts, low wages, etc.). Despite that, after the 2022 labor reform, it changed The contract model expanding the use of the contract full -time indefinite. According to the 2023 INE data13.3% of the workforce in Spain worked part -time. That is, the data indicate That in that year, 15,454,000 employees worked full -time, while 2,580,900 did it part -time in Spain. Instead, the German labor market is much more fragmented in that aspect. In 2023, 31% of this country’s workers worked part -time, According to data of the Federal Statistics Office. This difference in full -time employment and part -time contracts makes a big difference in the calculation of the final average of weekly hours worked, since both variables are taken into account. Active retirement. To this is added the enormous success in Germany of the model of “Minijobs“, in which workers complement studies or retirement with part -time jobs for a few hours a week. official dataaround 13% of retirees between 65 and 74 years in Germany, they continue working, either out of economic necessity or by personal choice. On the other hand, in Spain that percentage drops to 4.08% of the retirees who choose to continue working with some or none modification in your workday. Average working life in Europe. Source: Eurostat That makes, according to Eurostat dataGermany’s working life is 39.6 years, while in Spain it is 36.3 years on average. That is, a good part of German workers work less hours a week in part -time jobs, but they do it for more years than Spanish workers. In Xataka | Some researchers have analyzed the working day in Spain: the same thing that 40 years ago is worked, but in worse jobs Image | Eurostat

I had set up the Amazon of the stolen data

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José Luis Huertas, aka AlcasecIt wasn’t just a hacker. At 21 he had built “UDYAT – The Eye of Horus“, a commercial platform that sold stolen data with sophistication not so far from that of Amazon or Netflix. Why is it important. The Alcasec detention He has brought to light that Spain had a “parallel data market where anyone could buy segmented personal information as if it were a subscription service to use. His business model was indistinguishable from a legitimate startup. The context. Although media is presented as a youth hacker from Your detention in 2023the reality is more complex. Alcasec had created a complete business infrastructure: Cloud storage. Customer service bot on social networks. Data segmentation by profiles. And even a cryptocurrency billing system. The facts. The platform offered “custom consultation services” through an encrypted bot. Customers could buy individualized data packages according to specific individuals or legal entities. Like any modern electronic commerce, but selling your ID, your phone number and your bank data. His “catalog” included: Complete telephone listings. Operator customers. Madrid transport fertilizers. Pet records. Databases of educational centers. Civil Registry Information. In figures. Alcasec invoiced 1,866,175 euros through its platform. In their devices, 32,943 bitcoins were found. Between December 2021 and February 2022 he received cryptocurrency notifications worth 365,000 euros. Between the lines. The participation of former State Secretary Francisco Martínez was not accidental. The network He used his figure to appear to be a legitimate security consultancy, thus bleaching its criminal operation through corporate structures. Police Define the organization as “a structural threat with the capacity for economic and strategic destabilization.” They do not exaggerate. They had made public institutions violated without realizing it, turning their databases into an online supermarket. Deepen. The most worrying is the scalability of the model. Alcasec didn’t need to hack every time I wanted money. He had automated the process: the systems continually stole data, the platform automatically classified them and the BO served 24/7 customers. A business that worked alone. The difference between Alcasec and a normal technological company is that one sells legal services and the other illegal data. Specifically, your private life. Outstanding image | National Police In Xataka | After the mysterious Hackers Careto group was an unexpected agent: the Government of Spain, according to Techcrunch

On May 27, Goal begins to use your personal data to train its AI: So you can avoid it

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The moment has arrived, from tomorrow, May 27, 2025 Goal will start using your personal data to train your AI. You will use almost everything you have on Facebook and Instagram, and we are going to tell you how to prevent it from doing it before it’s too late. This is something that they already knew they would do, but maybe you have been waiting until the end before taking measures to avoid it. Therefore, we will begin by telling you what personal data will use exactly, and then we will tell you the procedure to prevent them from doing so. What data will use a goal to train its AI Goal will use what they consider personal data of users of legitimate interest, an elegant way to say that almost everything is going to use. This will affect those who use their main applications, which are WhatsApp, Facebook and Instagram. It will be your data in these apps that you use to improve your artificial intelligence system. In essence, You will use everything except private messages. All your photos, your comments, your publications, your stories, your interactions with other users, photo feet. Everything except what you write in Messenger, that at least they have the decency to consider it private. To train a conversational artificial intelligence system such as a goal AI, it is necessary to know how humans, expressions, and also use the photos to identify places and reactions. That’s why, practically everything is considered a legitimate interestall that you publish them. The other exception beyond private messages is that Data from children under 18 will not be used. Come on, if you are a minor or have a younger son or daughter, they are safe, but everything else that you have published no. Goal had already tried this movement without success in Europe, but now it will do it again. It will also do it in a cheat, because The absence of opposition constitutes agreeing. This means that if you don’t say you don’t want to share your data, they will understand that it is because you don’t care and want to do it. A formula to take advantage of the most lazy or less informed users. How to avoid using your data Let’s tell you three fast methods to prevent your data from using. We will tell you one for Instagram, one for Facebook, and a third independent opportunity. You can use the method you want. You just have a few hours to do itbecause if you have not refused, starting tomorrow will assume that you have said yes. If you oppose the dateThere will be no retroactive character. All your data will have already been used, and they will simply stop using the new ones. How to oppose Instagram: As we already told you, To oppose in Instagram You have to click on the options button with the three -striped icon that you have up to the right. Enter Configuration and activitygo down to the section More information and helpand click on Information. Here clicks on Privacy Policyand within the text that appears you press in Oppose you. This will lead you to a questionnaire to indicate your data and the reasons why you do not want them to do it, and you must send it. How to oppose Facebook: You have to enter your account and enter This link. Inside there is a picture where you can click on Right to oppose or you can simply enter directly To this link. Once there, you can fill out the questionnaire indicating why you don’t want your data to be used and send it. You can also go to Configuration and privacythen a Privacy Center already GENERATIVE IN METAwhere below you will have a button of Right to oppose. Use the Citizen8 platform: Another method of the Citizen8 group, which has created this website. In it, you have two links to which An email and its text are generated To ask Facebook or Instagram not to collect your data. You just have to make sure to send it with the email account with which you have the record with them and voila. In Xataka Basics | Artificial Intelligence Guide: Main characteristics of the main models of AI, points for and against, and comparative

“We don’t put the AI ​​to put on, we want to make TV easier.” We talked with Lieve Lonoye, Head of Big Data of Philips

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Lieveye is an institution in Philips. The current Head of Big Data of Philips was part of the team that developed an emblem technology of the Dutch brand two decades ago. Since then, televisions have changed barbarity, moving from silly boxes to Smart TV to today, where an a priori appliance as passive as The TV has become a magnificent data source. And in AI times a huge amount of data is needed. Leaving aside the algorithmic content recommendations (which have their particular casuistry depending on the manufacturer and SO), we have seen how artificial intelligence reached televisions for such original tasks How to generate imagesbut also for get the best image quality without having to despair with the adjustments. It is just the beginning: TV is a reef To obtain data that improve the user experience and that is, in a nutshell, the mission of Lieve Lonoye and his team in Philips. Note: Lainye clarifies two types of uses on the television completely different and with work areas that although they collaborate globally, are independent. On the one hand is the one integrated into the SO and its recommendations (Android TV and Titan Os in Philips) and another focused on the technical part, which falls on your Big Data team. The latter is what we will focus. What interests is how TV is used Philips head of Big Data summarizes the objective of collection of data on televisions clearly: “To do things.” And although it seems vague and generic, we will see later that its mission is not so much to suggest but act so that The experience of use is always the best possible. Regarding what information they collect, Lainye explains that “we are not interested in what people are seeing, but in How the TV is being used In general, for example, what resolution or frame rate are using “, as well as other information such as what apps they have been in execution or what codec. If we take into account all the parameters analyzed and that all this is produced on each television, the result is a huge amount of information related to the habits of use, the million dollar question is: Where are these data to stop? Xataka Philips+ 903 Analysis To begin Data analysis is optionL: “The form in the big data is implemented allows the user to accept or not share their data, which seems very important to us.” Clarified this point and assuming the acceptance of the user, Lainye explains that everything is done at home, which has its implications in terms of safety and performance: “We do not upload things to the cloud to execute them there, we have chosen to execute the AI ​​at home, which ensures privacy. But it is also a challenge in that you have to use the available resources of the TV, so you have to make sure that while it is running you can not affect the viewing behavior. It has to make its effect but without consuming too much. It is the great challenge, but a conscious choice to do it.” In addition, this monitoring has a direct application for them as manufacturers, since it serves them “to make better televisions Testing them in the same way that are used in homes“, but also for those who use brand’s TV at home. How helps the user in their experience The most responsible for the Big Data of Philips makes it clear that this technical data is where her team allocates more time and efforts. This information may not say anything at first sight, but it is providential to detect failures: “In spite of all the testing on televisions, sometimes a problem appears and that is where the data can help to detect. At that time the user calls the support and we can see what has been failing, which helps on the one hand to prevent problems, to confirm them and even verify that the solutions work.” How do they do it? Lenoye explains that when people call Call Centerthe agent who receives the call has access to certain parts of our data for the Troubleshooting. After the relevant assistance, the data speak for themselves to confirm that the appropriate solution has been found. This would be a specific case of application before a certain failure of a television of a specific person, but in global it also helps them to know What problems is more people suffering and thus “put engineers to work on it.” After the arrival of Chatgpt And the artificial intelligence boom in the form of models, multimodality and its integration into different devices, the sensation is that The AI ​​will be even in the soupsometimes with more reason of being and being than others. Saving the distances, servant reminds when everyone gave him to baptize his devices as ‘smart’ when in reality all they did was put Bluetooth. If the question is AI on TV, you are right to be, Lonoye’s response is a resounding yes. “We always try to contribute innovation that makes sense and that is what we think with the implementation of artificial intelligence in TV because it helps you enjoy TV properly.” “We do not put the AI ​​to put, we want to make TV easier, we want to relieve viewers of responsibilities. So we have ia executed on TV that, for example, is analyzing the image to establish the adjustments and for customer service.” Thus, he concludes that “the Big Data section does not work for recommendations, we are interested in how people use TV and when something goes wrong on TV, how it happens or how it could happen. We collect information to ensure that everything works well. “ In Xataka | Better televisions in quality Price: which to buy and seven recommended 4K 4K 4K Cover | Philips

12 million people delivered their DNA to 23Andme. The company broke and its data are about to change hands

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For years, spitting in a tube was the first step of an irresistible promise: discovering your roots, knowing your genetic predispositions, even finding family members lost by the world. Everything without moving home. The company behind that phenomenon was called 23ndmeand achieved something unusual: to turn genetics into a mass consumption product. That story has just turned. Regeneron Pharmaceuticals has reached an agreement to acquire the main assets of 23Andme for 256 million dollars, According to the official statement published by the pharmacist. It is a transaction that must still be approved by the Banking Court and by US regulators. At stake is a platform that has managed the DNA of millions of people worldwide. An announced end. The 23Andme fall has not been sudden. In recent years, the company went from being valued at more than 6,000 million dollars to fight for its own survival. His commitment to a more ambitious model – based on developing medicines, offering medical consultations by subscription and expanding digital health services – did not set. As details The Wall Street Journalthe company burned more than one billion dollars and ended up offering part of its assets in limit conditions. The sales agreement does not cover the entire business. Regeneron would keep the essential: the direct genomics service to the consumer, its biobanco of genetic samples and the research and total health divisions. The telemedicine subsidiary Lemonaid Health is left out, acquired in its day for 400 million dollars, whose closure will be made in an orderly manner outside this operation. Privacy: The real battlefield. The operation has re -placed privacy in the center of the debate. Regeneron has promised to respect current data use policies and has committed to undergoing independent scrutiny, as established by the judicial framework of the process. Even so, doubts persist on how one of the world’s largest genetic databases will be managed. The suspicion is not new. In 2023, 23Andme was a victim of a massive data filtration which affected 6.9 million people. As TechCrunch revealedthe attackers accessed the profiles of those who had activated the function of “genetic family”, obtaining names, locations and percentages of shared DNA between relatives. The company attributed the incident to the reuse of passwords by users, but the damage was already done. Anne Wojcicki, the face of an era. The 23Andme story cannot be told without mentioning Anne Wojcicki. Co -founder, visible face, visionary of personalized health and, at the same time, responsible for business decisions that led to collapse. His plan was to convert the company to an integral provider of medical services, but this did not prosper. He tried to recover control, but his power vanished with the beginning of the judicial process. According to WSJtheir actions with preferential vote were annulled and their offers rejected by the Board of Directors. Wojcicki opted everything to DNA as strategic assets. And for a while it seemed right. The company that helped to found transformed the way millions of people related to their health. It also showed to what extent a genetic database can become a mined field of legal, ethical and technological risks. A new stage, the same questions. Regeneron aspires to keep a powerful platform, a still recognized brand and an immense volume of genetic information. In its official statement, he affirms that his intention is to maintain service for current users and continue to develop new ways for personalized medicine. Images | 23ndme In Xataka | We have visited the place where the demographic hopes of Spain are literally deposited: the Semen Bank of Granada

Where there were humans before, there are now data. Huawei and Huaneng have deployed 100 driverless trucks in a mine in China

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A row of trucks loaded to the top crosses the mine without anyone holding the steering wheel. They move alone, precisely, As if they were choreographed. And we do not talk about a prototype or laboratory tests: this is already happening in the Yimin mine, northeast of China. According to SCMPthe state group Huaneng has deployed the largest individual fleet of electric trucks without driver operated with Huawei technology in a single mining operation. Behind this deployment is Huawei’s technology, along with advances by Xuzhou Construction Machinery Group and the Beijing University of Science and Technology. In total, there are 100 vehicles of large tonnage, known as Huaneng Ruichi, they move tons of coal without human intervention, even in adverse climatic conditions. According to Li Shuxue, president of Huaneng Mengdong, it is the largest coordinated deployment of this type of vehicles. Connectivity and cloud, two key elements Everything works thanks to a combination of advanced technologies: 5G-Advanced connectivity, artificial intelligence (AI), high precision mapping, cloud computing and intelligent battery exchange. Zhang PinganCEO of Huawei Cloud, explained that the 5G-A, also known as 5.5g, allows to operate with extremely low latency and very high speed. In an industrial environment like this, that response capacity is key. But this has done nothing but start. Huaneng plans to expand the fleet to 300 autonomous trucks in this same mine for the next three years. And the impulse goes beyond Yimin. The National Chinese Coal Association has projected a “Explosive growth” of unmanned mining trucks in 2026. The forecast is that the figure doubles in 2026. Automation is already noticed: the same association estimates that operating costs have been reduced around 8 % in mines that have incorporated these systems. The advances we are seeing in Chinese mining are part of a broader strategy to modernize traditional Asian giant sectors with advanced technology. And what today unfolds within its borders also begins to emerge as an opportunity in other markets. Now, there is another deployment that should be taken into account. In the Zaha Naoer mine, also in Interior Mongolia, they have been put into operation 135 autonomous trucks of extended range that operate daily. The project, promoted by China Power Investment, has other technological suppliers and a different architecture. How does Sina Finance collectthe operation started as a pilot in 2024 and already accumulates more than 770,000 kilometers traveled, with more than five million cubic meters of extracted material. Although the total number of vehicles is higher, it is not a homogeneous deployment. Unlike the case of Huawei, in Zaha Naoer, trucks use diverse systems, some with extended autonomy, and do not respond to a single technological platform. This allows Huaneng to present the Yimin project as the greatest individual, integrated and electrical deployment that has been carried out so far. The infrastructure that makes it possible includes mixed networks of 4g and 5g The infrastructure that supports the Zaha Naoer fleet is backed in mixed 4G and 5G networks, cloud control centers and coordination systems between vehicles. If one of the trucks detects an anomalythe system transmits data in real time so that technicians can intervene remotely without interrupting the operation. Beyond the technological deployment, automation is also reconfiguring the organization of work in the mines. In Zaha Naoer, for example, the use of autonomous trucks has considerably reduced the need for cabin personnel: 325 less drivers and a monthly savings estimated at 4,000,000 yuan. At the same time, operational security has been reinforced, with less direct exposure to risk environments and greater control over each phase of the process. Images | Huaneng Group In Xataka | The US has been dreaming of its first high -speed train decades: the California project is being a real nightmare

Saudi Arabia wants to become a new power in data centers. Nothing is clear that I can do it

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Donald Trump has made a unique tour of several countries in the Middle East, and among the agreements that are considered surprising: Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates and Qatar want to invest billions of dollars in the construction of data centers for ia. The question is whether they will do so. Chips for strategic alliances. The Biden administration had largely limited the number of advanced chips from which these countries could access, but Trump’s mandate is changing things. As they point out in The New York Times, AI chips seem now to be a useful argument to strengthen relations with countries with this Trump newspaper “has deep financial ties and business. “Qatar already plans donate a Boeing 747-8 which could end up being used as the new Air Force One. Saudi Arabia on the one hand. Nvidia and AMD have reached an agreement to sell their professional GPUS to Humain. This newly created company – it belongs to the country’s public investment fund – It has the objective to create a large data center in Saudi Arabia. The agreement with AMD raises An investment of 10,000 million dollars in infrastructure in the next five years. Humain will supervise the development of these data centers, while AMD will provide chips and software. Arab Emirates attached to the other. As indicated In Bloombergthe Trump administration is considering reaching an agreement that would allow United Arab Emirates to import a million Nvidia chips. Eau could thus buy 500,000 of those chips per year until 2027. A fifth would be reserved for the G42 firm of Abu Dhabi. Saudi data centers. Nvidia, meanwhile, will sell 18,000 Your GB300 chips To Saudi Arabia. This was announced by Jensen Huang on Tuesday, which will contribute clearly to the Humain projects, which propose with data centers with a joint “1.9 GW” power “in 2030. Those 18,000 chips will apparently be part of the” hundreds of thousands “of which the Saudi project will be nourished. Possible “resale” to China? The United States restricted the sale of advanced chips from AI to China in 2022, and there are those who fear that countries in the Middle East end up serving as intermediaries so that the chips that the US allows you to sell there ends where they should not. G42 theoretically cut ties with Huawei to reach an agreement of 1.5 billion dollars with Microsoft, but the suspicions about the situation persist. Saudi Arabia and its megaprojects. As points The analyst Ed Zitron, countries of the Middle East such as Saudi Arabia have been talking about all kinds of megaprojects for years, but one thing is their promises and another realities. It occurs with the Jeddah Tower, MUKAABhis Pharaonic airport And of course The Line and his futuristic city, Neom. All these projects still have a long way to go, and this new Saudi ambition, although more “contained” in terms of dimensions, is equally complex for a country without experience in this area. There is energy … Countries like Saudi Arabia have abundant energy resources and in fact there are A strong investment in solar energy. Its application to provide power to those data centers, yes, it is not so easy, as they are discovering In the United States. … but no (much) water. The problem is that these data centers dissipate a lot of heat and the desert environment is not exactly the idea for this type of facilities. Extraordinary cooling solutions are needed and the country has scarce water resources. Desalination plants are A pillar of its strategic plan, and innovations may also go into play in the field of refrigeration such as closed circuit systems or Direct liquid cooling. Image | Neom In Xataka | New York Bitcoin miners are buying old power plants. New Yorkers are not happy

Global reservoir water data are incredibly good. The reality of many areas is very different.

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Few figures can move more to someone who has followed the day to day of drought in Spain than is: 43,144. Those are, on May 5, 2025, the HM3 in the country’s reservoirs. 76.99% of the total. In recent time, we have never seen anything the same. And yet the alarm signals. And I do not mean only the general reports. That also: the latest Copernicus report, the European land observation system, despite focusing on the situation of central Europe, Let it clear That the situation in Spain is terrible. It leaves no doubt: the vast majority of points in “alert” by drought of the European continent They are on the peninsula. But, as I say, the alerts not only come from obtuse community reports, they also come from the same hydrographic confederations that are prohibiting crops because, according to their calculations, the endowment of reservoirs is not enough. The Granada example. When the Guadalquivir Hydrographic Confederation (CHG) He announced The maximum endowments for irrigation for this year, “the worst omen were confirmed.” The accounts did not give, the regable areas of the province of Granada were going to continue with the greatest restrictions because their water reserves had not improved at the same level as in the rest of the basin. That is, the global figures and even the figures per Cuenca were not enough to know how the country was really: there are entire areas that, despite being part of water full of water, are not going to leave the drought behind. And what does this imply? Well, for example, farmers in La Vega de Granada who have sown winter crops will not be able to plant anything in summer. It is not a new measure, it was already implemented in 2023. The problem is that no one expected this and constitutes a blow to the rentier of a sector accustomed to using rotation to finance the following crops (as explained in ideal“The corn that is now paid expenses and income from winter crops”). That is, despite the water, many areas will have a bad time. Because no, it is not a problem that only affects Granada. A good part of southeast (regardless of the basin), the Balearic Islands or Some areas of the interior They will have water problems and will not be able to develop agricultural activities normally. To that we must add all the crops that go late Or they are Seeing how pests are primed with them. In the background, it is a reminder that the drought problems that have been accompanying us for 10 years cannot be diluted in two springs. As we have said many timesdroughts are managed with full swamps. It is now when you have to redouble efforts in infrastructure and management models. The restrictions may be necessary, but if we stay there … the most important step will be missing. Image | Kshithij Chandrashekar In Xataka | Spain has a huge problem with contaminated waters. These researchers believe that the solution is the poplars

We have second to second the data on the great blackout in Spain. They complicate everything even more

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The great blackout of April 28 left us all with more questions than answers. Now, with the “black box” of the electrical system in the hands of the researchers, the preliminary data, far from offering a simple explanation, have added a level of complexity to an unprecedented energy crisis. To begin with, what seemed like an abrupt power fall was rather a sequence of three impacts. We knew of two disconnectionsbut as confirmed by Vice President Third Sara Aagesen, there was a third incident exactly 19 seconds Before the blackout, at 12:33. This first shake, located south of the Peninsula, adds to the two already known in the southwest, which triggered the cascade of the network. Although the system was able to absorb this first alteration, its existence adds a new layer of intrigues to an intricate technical autopsy. Researchers face the forensic analysis of about 70,000 critical points that show data every 20 milliseconds. Unraveling the exact sequence in those five fateful seconds between 12:33:16 and 12:33:21, and now also in the previous 19 seconds, is what light will shed on the questions that Red Electrica still does not answer. What was the first domino card to fall? How did the rest of the system react? Were the backs failed? The volume and granularity of information They predict months of workas happened after the Texas blackout in 2021 or that of Italy in 2003, where the final responses took months to arrive. Fortunately, there is a deadline, imposed by the European Commission: Spain has three months to deliver its conclusions about the blackout and A resilience plan that, predictably, will have implications at the paneuropeo level. Collapse anatomy 12:32:57 on Monday, April 28. First blow. The frequency of the peninsular network experienced a slight fall, a few hundredths below 50 Hz. The system absorbed the oscillation in milliseconds, as in normal circumstances. But it was a first warning: a first loss of generation in the south of the registered peninsula 19 seconds before energy zero. The Investigation Committee has already baptized it as the “third event”, although chronologically it was the first. Has been discovered after scrutinizing in detail the log of Eléctrica Red, which monitors those 70,000 critical points by turning data every 20 milliseconds. 12:33:16. Second blow. A new and powerful oscillation in the southwest dynamite the available operational reserve. The frequency sinks this time below critics 49.85 Hz. Given this fall, converters of an important part of the photovoltaic generation begin to disconnect automatically to protect the equipment. 12: 33: 17-12: 33: 21. KO Technical. In just four seconds, the frequency fall is accelerated unrecoverable. The interconnection with France jumps, and then that of Morocco. The network loses 15 GW of power, the equivalent of 60% of the peninsular generation at that time. Then go black. Spain and Portugal sign their first energy zero. 03:30 on Tuesday, April 29. To restore service from black, network operators carry out a Black-Start unprecedented, first starting the pumping hydraulics, followed by combined gas cycles. Red Eléctrica announced that 99.95% of the supply It had been restored 15 hours after the blackout. No one in Europe had risen from scratch a network of this size with such a high proportion of renewable energy. Renewables in the epicenter of debate While technical research progresses with stealth, the public debate is a Theories Polvorín Waiting for answers. The hypothesis of a cyber attack He has flown the crisis from the first moment, despite the fact that Eduardo Prieto, director of Operations of Electric, will discard it sharply. Beyond that, the growing weight of renewables in the energy mix (More than 50% of production in 2024) has placed solar and wind energies in the eye of the hurricane. Its intermittent nature and its lack of synchronous inertia (the ability of conventional plants to stabilize the network thanks to its great rotating masses) They make the most vulnerable system to frequency imbalances. The electricity grid must maintain a constant balance between generation and consumption, operating at a frequency of 50 Hz. An important mismatch can compromise the entire infrastructure. Renewable sources, depending on the sun or wind, and connecting through power electronics (famous investors), do not have that mechanical inertia. Since there are solutions such as energy storage (batteries or pumping centrals) and “Grid Formers” (investors designed to stabilize the network), the question is whether the system is sufficiently adapted to renewables. A May 2024 Report Published by the Electric Red itself, not suspect. Entitled ‘General Criteria for the Protection of the Spanish Electrical System’, warned of the need for Adapt protection criteria before “the change in the generation mix of the current electrical system due to the massive entry of renewable energy sources.” The text recognized that, in areas with high generation penetration based on power electronics, “situations could occur in which the behavior of some of the current protection functions was not expected”, being able to lead to the “disconnection of large amounts of renewable generation”, causing possible serious imbalances. American analyst Russ Schussler It has been warning for years that replacing synchronous generators with investor -based resources (wind, solar) increases the risk of blackouts, and that the lack of inertia is a key factor. Jordi Sevillaformer president of Electrica, believes that the National Integrated Plan for Energy and Climate Peque of “Too Renewable Messianism” without sufficiently attending to these technical problems and the lack of investment. Images | Endesa, Fernando Rodríguez (RTE data) In Xataka | The total blackout of Spain has a suspicious number 1: a stabilization of the poor electricity grid

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