china

Europe has started a race against the clock. And China has entered to make prices more expensive

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Winter has left Europe with reservations practically empty and needs to reach a level of 90% before November. Meanwhile, China has emerged as a direct competitor in the global gas market, putting Europe in a counterreloj race to guarantee its supply before prices shoot. Short. The European Union will have to spend 10,000 million euros more than last year to fill its gas reserves, According to the Financial Times medium. The reason behind this increase is due to a colder winter, an increase in demand for less renewable generation and greater dependence on liquefied natural gas. The background. It all started with the war in Ukraine, since until that moment Russia supplied about 40% of the gas To the EU. However, commercial reprisals and sanctions drastically reduced that supply, to the point that an agreement has been signed to fully close exports in 2027, According to Euronews. A vicious circle. The European bloc had to look for other alternatives, such as the GNL imported from the United States and Qatar. However, it continued to supply Russian gas Through third countries or by calls “Ghost ships”. At the same time, the European Union was trapped in a price instability cycle, caused in part by the spot market dependence for LNG purchases. As He explained The London medium, this situation caused governments to compete with each other to ensure cargoes, inflating prices and generating distortions in the market. Flexibility in storage. Given the difficulties in maintaining 90 %reserves, the European Commission is considering granting greater flexibility in the storage objective, especially after Germany – the country more dependent on gas – requested adjustments to avoid price peaks in summer. However, in parallel, Germany has reached an agreement with France to receive energy support through the nuclear energy supply. A strategic movement that seeks to ensure its energy stability while storing objectives are readjusted. This measure aims to relieve pressure on markets, although it generates uncertainty due to the possibility that changes are not promulgated in time. The recharge dilemma. According to Kuhanathan, an analyst from Allianz Trade, has declared Financial Times That many gas merchants are delaying reservation recharge, waiting for prices to fall further. However, this attitude could generate a sharp increase in demand at the end of summer, shooting prices just before winter. In addition, Peder Bjorland, Vice President of Equinor Gas Commerce, has warned in the same medium that Europe will have to pay higher prices to overcome Asian competition if China’s demand is replenished. China, a determining factor. The largest world buyer of liquefied natural gas is China. Last year, LNG’s Chinese demand was reduced due to an unusually favorable climate and economic slowdown. This drop in consumption allowed Europe to access cargoes that, otherwise, would have gone to Asia, contributing to stabilize prices in the short term. However, projections for the coming months indicate a possible rebound in Asian demand. The commercial truce between Beijing and Washington, Recently announcedcould activate an increase in Chinese industrial activity, which would raise the demand for LNG, According to estimates of the Financial Times. In addition, a hot summer in Asia can further increase gas consumption, putting Europe in a direct competition situation with Asian buyers. According to Morgan Stanley analysts for the same medium, this additional pressure would boost gas prices up to 10%. A decisive actor. During the commercial war with the United States, Beijing He hinted that he could sell American liquefied natural gas to Europe, but the situation has taken a totally different nuance. Now it is key to observe The development of the Power of Siberia 2 gas pipeline With Russia, as well as China’s ability to DNA. Leaving the framework of the global energy future open. Image | Pixabay Xataka | Putin’s not so secret plan to survive without Europe: a giant gas pipeline to China

China is about to have the ability to make 5 Nm chips, although it faces a difficult solution problem

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SMIC (Semiconductor manufacturing international corp), the largest Chinese semiconductor manufacturer has been working on the development of Your own 5 nm photolithography. In early February 2024 the newspaper Financial Times He said he had access to two experts in the integrated circuit industry who defended that this company was finalizing the refinement of their semiconductor manufacturing processes in their machines deep ultraviolet lithography (UVP). Its purpose was to have the necessary technology to make 5 Nm chips massively before the end of 2024, although it did not succeed. If its 5 Nm chips had already been successful in this project, the first Huawei devices or any other SMIC client equipped with this type of integrated circuits would have even seen the market. Be that as it seems, now, this technology is ready. The challenge facing SMIC is the performance by wafer According to Dr. Kiman expert in the manufacture of integrated circuits who has worked in Samsung and who currently investigates for TSMC in the US, SMIC is about to start the production of 5 Nm chips. It is perfectly credible because, as we have just seen, we know with certainty that this company has been working on this technology for several years. And, in addition, Dr. Kim is a reliable source. However, this expert has pointed out something crucial that we should not overlook: the performance per wafer that SMIC has currently achieved in its 5 Nm nodes is less than 30%. An incipient integration technology usually moves in the orbit of 50% performance per wafer When semiconductor manufacturers produce a chip wafer, some of those nuclei do not work properly. It is normal. When they launch a new lithographic node, their performance by wafer usually has a margin of broad improvement, but little by little, as engineers refine their integration processes, This parameter improves. A mature lithography can deliver to integrated circuit manufacturers a very high performance, but an incipient technology usually moves in the orbit of 50% performance, so only half of the chips produced work correctly. The problem is that for an integration technology to be profitable from an economic point of view, its performance by wafer has to be At least 70%. And, as we have just seen, Dr. Kim argues that the SMIC 5 NM node is below 30%. It is objectively a very poor performance, but we know what this low figure explains: the technique used by this manufacturer to produce these semiconductors. It is known as Multiple patterningand SMIC has used it for more than a year and a half to make 7 NM chips for Huawei and other customers. This strategy consists in transferring the pattern to the wafer in several passes with the purpose of increasing the resolution of the lithographic process. It works, but is responsible for wafer performance is clearly improvable. SMIC engineers have been forced to resort to Multiple patterning because The US and Netherlands sanctions They prevent Asml from selling their extreme ultraviolet lithography equipment to their Chinese customers, which are the ideal to make chips of 7 nm or less. With the UVP machines that SMIC has, it will be very difficult for wafer performance to be optimal, so in all 5 Nm integrated circuits they will be scarce and expensive. The definitive solution to this problem for SMIC, Huawei and the other Chinese companies that are dedicated to semiconductors inevitably goes through developing their own UVE lithography teams. They are in it. Image | SMIC More information | Dr. Kim In Xataka | The US has declared the total war on Huawei: he does not want him to sell his chips for the most advanced outside of China

Where there were humans before, there are now data. Huawei and Huaneng have deployed 100 driverless trucks in a mine in China

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A row of trucks loaded to the top crosses the mine without anyone holding the steering wheel. They move alone, precisely, As if they were choreographed. And we do not talk about a prototype or laboratory tests: this is already happening in the Yimin mine, northeast of China. According to SCMPthe state group Huaneng has deployed the largest individual fleet of electric trucks without driver operated with Huawei technology in a single mining operation. Behind this deployment is Huawei’s technology, along with advances by Xuzhou Construction Machinery Group and the Beijing University of Science and Technology. In total, there are 100 vehicles of large tonnage, known as Huaneng Ruichi, they move tons of coal without human intervention, even in adverse climatic conditions. According to Li Shuxue, president of Huaneng Mengdong, it is the largest coordinated deployment of this type of vehicles. Connectivity and cloud, two key elements Everything works thanks to a combination of advanced technologies: 5G-Advanced connectivity, artificial intelligence (AI), high precision mapping, cloud computing and intelligent battery exchange. Zhang PinganCEO of Huawei Cloud, explained that the 5G-A, also known as 5.5g, allows to operate with extremely low latency and very high speed. In an industrial environment like this, that response capacity is key. But this has done nothing but start. Huaneng plans to expand the fleet to 300 autonomous trucks in this same mine for the next three years. And the impulse goes beyond Yimin. The National Chinese Coal Association has projected a “Explosive growth” of unmanned mining trucks in 2026. The forecast is that the figure doubles in 2026. Automation is already noticed: the same association estimates that operating costs have been reduced around 8 % in mines that have incorporated these systems. The advances we are seeing in Chinese mining are part of a broader strategy to modernize traditional Asian giant sectors with advanced technology. And what today unfolds within its borders also begins to emerge as an opportunity in other markets. Now, there is another deployment that should be taken into account. In the Zaha Naoer mine, also in Interior Mongolia, they have been put into operation 135 autonomous trucks of extended range that operate daily. The project, promoted by China Power Investment, has other technological suppliers and a different architecture. How does Sina Finance collectthe operation started as a pilot in 2024 and already accumulates more than 770,000 kilometers traveled, with more than five million cubic meters of extracted material. Although the total number of vehicles is higher, it is not a homogeneous deployment. Unlike the case of Huawei, in Zaha Naoer, trucks use diverse systems, some with extended autonomy, and do not respond to a single technological platform. This allows Huaneng to present the Yimin project as the greatest individual, integrated and electrical deployment that has been carried out so far. The infrastructure that makes it possible includes mixed networks of 4g and 5g The infrastructure that supports the Zaha Naoer fleet is backed in mixed 4G and 5G networks, cloud control centers and coordination systems between vehicles. If one of the trucks detects an anomalythe system transmits data in real time so that technicians can intervene remotely without interrupting the operation. Beyond the technological deployment, automation is also reconfiguring the organization of work in the mines. In Zaha Naoer, for example, the use of autonomous trucks has considerably reduced the need for cabin personnel: 325 less drivers and a monthly savings estimated at 4,000,000 yuan. At the same time, operational security has been reinforced, with less direct exposure to risk environments and greater control over each phase of the process. Images | Huaneng Group In Xataka | The US has been dreaming of its first high -speed train decades: the California project is being a real nightmare

A power in nuclear energy is emerging as the best alternative to Russia and China for the West: South Korea

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Russia and China are indisputably two powers in nuclear energy. So are USA, France and other western alignment countries. Although these states have a bulky nuclear plant park which really places them at the forefront is Your ability to develop new technologiesand in this area the most promising reactors are The fourth generation. Russia and China already have at least A reactor of this type in operationand the US, France, India, Canada or Japan are some of the countries that plan to have them in the future. However, there is a power in nuclear energy that often goes unnoticed. We all know that South Korea has a lot of weight in semiconductor industries, consumer electron Nuclear energy as a strategic pillar Not only within its mix of electricity generation, but also as an engine of innovation and export. South Korea is the most consistent alternative to China and Russia Currently South Korea has 26 Nuclear reactors in operation with an approximate total capacity of 25.7 GWE. This infrastructure contributes to its Mix with 30% of electricity, although the commitment of this Asian country for nuclear energy does not end here. And it is that between 2026 and 2033 the construction of four more reactors will conclude that will have a power of 1,340 MWE each of them, so the total installed power in this country within less than a decade will exceed 30 GWE. Its APR-1400 reactors incorporate passive security systems that allow them to compete from you with the machines exported by Russia, China or the USA In any case, as I have anticipated a few lines above, which has placed South Korea to the avant -garde and has positioned this country as One of the largest exporters in the nuclear sector It is your ability to develop your own technologies. Their APR-1400 reactors incorporate passive security systems that allow them to compete from you with the machines exported by Russia, China or the US. In fact, South Korea has already exported this reactor to the United Arab Emirates and is negotiating with the Czech Republic and Poland to sell their technology. On the other hand, this Asian country has also opted for fourth generation nuclear fission. Your smart reactor (System-Integrad Modular Advanced Reactor), what is An SMR type design (Compact modular reactor) is in the process of certification to be used in desalination and electricity generation facilities. It also prepares fourth generation reactors refrigerated by sodium, such as the machine outlined in the Kalimer project, although it is not yet clear when the first South Korean commercial reactor endorsed by this technology will come into operation. South Korea has a very ambitious plan: wants to capture at least Ten international contracts until 2030. His first project abroad has been Barakah’s nuclear power plant in the United Arab Emirates, and It has been a success. As I mentioned a few lines above, Czech Republic and Poland are presumably will bet on South Korean reactors, but South Korea nuclear energy companies are also trying to take contracts in Egypt, Finland, the Netherlands, Sweden, Turkey and even in the United Kingdom. If only some of them get to fruition this Asian country will become a full competitor in the international market of China, Russia, France or the US. Image | Wikierati More information | Bloomberg In Xataka | Spanish nuclear have been criticized for their role in the blackout. This was what they did before, during and after collapse

Tesla trusts the Robotaxi as his next Milmillonario business. China is already in conversations to get ahead in Europe

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Robotaxi is the business of the future in urban mobility. At least that is what technological giants such as Tesla, Google or Baidu believe and what some analysts have been saying for years. Although for now it is a business where profitability does not seem to be in sight, expansionist plans continue. And the next battlefield is Europe. That is what they claim from The Wall Street Journal. The American media ensures that Baiduconsidered the Chinese Google, works to try its vehicles without driver in Switzerland. Türkiye would follow the deployment and would be the first step to hit the table and position himself as pioneers on European soil. The information comes after Baidu has opened conversations with Swiss Post for Postauto, one of its units that provides the public bus service, has vehicles of this type on the street. If everything goes ahead, the goal is to start testing at the end of this year. The project with Türkiye, internal sources have affirmed WSJ It is similar. Objective: Be the first Putting autonomous buses on the market that can make trips for themselves without the intervention of a driver is a shortcut to open the way to a future robotaxis business. While in the United States and China, this business is being tested for a long There are active tests with busesa horizon for a robotaxis service in the street has not been completed. The problem of these services is that, for the moment, they are not generating any profitability. In the United States, General Motors burned so many Cruise tickets that he has preferred Cancel the project Despite having squandered billions of dollars along the way. Waymo’s success is partial because despite working in various cities in the country, its reach is small. And, at the same time, Tesla has also put all the machinery in motion to enter the market. However, the company’s own shareholders They have expressed their doubts on whether this must be the path that the company has to take. The project seems to have surpassed a more affordable Tesla, which has generated doubts. As to ChinaRobotaxis are much more widespread. In fact, Baidu operates in 12 different cities with its apologue service but Face Weride competition that is already available in eight cities, Pony.ai either Momenta that are in full phase of expansion. Given the competition and the hard challenge of profitable services, these companies are in full expansion to third countries. For example, Weride has already reached an agreement with Uber to integrate into its platform and offer trips with autonomous robotaxis in Abu Dhabi and Dubai. The objective is to take the service to 15 different cities in the future. In spite of everything, companies that want to enter the European market have it complicated. At the moment, European regulation is very demanding with autonomous vehicles and, in fact, Tesla herself has to save some functions In vehicles that are able to advance without a driver inside the park, offering a service cut in front of what they have on the street in the United States. For now, the closest thing to a robotaxi is what offers Mercedes. The company already has functions for the driver to completely disregard the car, as long as it circulates less than 60 km/h, the environment has previously mapped and the weather conditions are good enough. Despite doubts, as we say there are companies that see in this business a clear commitment to the future. Tesla has joined In the background to the business proposal of Waymo or Baidu, technological giants that aspire to develop their own software for autonomous vehicles and put them on the street associating with a large vehicle company that provides them with the hardware, that is, of the car in itself. The only difference with Tesla is that Elon Musk’s company can manufacture its own vehicles and with their own assembly chains and the acquired knowledge They aspire to earn more money working in vertical integration with proper vehicles and software development that stays at home. Photo | Baidu In Xataka | I have tried a totally autonomous taxi. This is traveling without driver

There is a great threat to the US if you send thousands of advanced chips from AI to the Middle East. That end in China

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These days we have seen how Donald Trump has reached a series of unique agreements with countries in the Middle East. In them the protagonists are the advanced chips of AI that the US will export to Saudi Arabia or United Arab Emirates. The problem is who will really use those chips. Data centers in the desert. These countries announced projects for the construction of large data centers, although It is not too clear that they can complete them or that their dimension is what they promise. Even so, the agreements are very significant and promise the sale of thousands of Nvidia or AMD chips that will end up arriving in the countries of the Middle East. Internal doubts. As they point out in Bloomberg, some members of the Donald Trump administration are trying to slow these agreements. In the opinion of these politicians, the United States has not imposed enough barriers to prevent these chips from ending where they should not. China. According to that newspaper, agreements include clauses that theoretically They prohibit China You can access these chips through countries in the Middle East. However, US government officials believe that there have been too many details without closing and that the agreements should not be announced without being totally defined in that and the rest of the senses. Middle Chinese relationships. The company that leads in AI in the United Arab Emirates is G42, and the problem is that this company has historical ties with Huawei. It is true that it ended theoretically cutting those ties To get close to US companies much morebut there are suspicions by some US government officials about whether there is still a relationship with China. And there are other risks. Trump’s policies were supposed to reserve the vast majority of these most advanced AI chips for this country, but this agreement raises a danger: that Middle East nations have access to toe technology would give them an important competitive advantage. But better to make the agreements than them. Sources close to the situation reveal that if the US does not reach these agreements, those countries – and others in the future – could reach those same agreements with China. The Asian giant has been advancing in the development of AI chips, and although it still cannot compete with those of the US, its proposals They are increasingly promising. A strategic issue. David Sacks, advisor to AI for the White House, is the one who defends that argument the most. That would allow to avoid or at least mitigate the phenomenon of “shrinking” of the US advantage over China in advanced chips. It is something that Jensen Huang has spokenCEO of Nvidia, who believes that with all the measures to prevent China from having access to those chips what has ended up causing is that this giant activates its machinery to get rid of the dependence he had of the US. The great winner. Meanwhile, the truth is that Nvidia will be one of the great beneficiaries of the agreement, because it has closed an agreement with Saudi Arabia valued at $ 7,000 million. The impact on Nvidia’s shares has been immediate: the company’s stock market capitalization grew by 12,000 million dollars in a single afternoon. Image | The White House In Xataka | The United States prevents Huawei from manufacturing more Windows PCs. Your answer: launch your first laptop with Linux

He does not want me to sell his chips for the most advanced outside of China

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The US Department of Commerce has taken a very important step forward in his offensive against Huawei’s business outside China. During the last weeks this Chinese company has presented two chips for artificial intelligence (AI), the Ascend 910d and the Ascend 920with those who pursue occupy the holes in the Chinese market that presumably will leave Nvidia as a result of the latest sanctions to China deployed by the US. The American company led by Jensen Huang can no longer deliver to its Chinese clients Your H20 GPUand, precisely, Huawei aspires to get that market portion with its new chip ascend 920. The other GPU, the Ascend 910D chip, presumably delivers a performance comparable to that of the GPU NVIDIA H100so it aspires to consolidate as a solid alternative to the latter. The US cannot control the presence of Huawei in China, but has taken a very important step forward to cut off its presence outside its country of origin. The US is using the most powerful tool you have: its patents Frequently some readers ask us why the US has the power to prevent Asml, which is a company of the Netherlands, to sell its most advanced lithography teams to its Chinese clients. This right lies on a fundamental principle: the most advanced machines produced by ASML, such as its equipment of extreme ultraviolet photolithography (UVE) or deep ultraviolet (UVP) use US technologies. One of the most important is the innovation that allows these machines to generate ultraviolet radiation with adequate wavelength. According to the Department of Commerce, Huawei has produced these chips illegally using US technologies This is in essence the same principle that the US Department of Commerce has appealed to approve a resolution by which no country on the planet You can buy the GPU for the Ascend de Huawei. According to this American institution, this Chinese company has produced these chips using US technologies illegally, so its export outside the country borders governed by Xi Jinping violates the export controls of the Department of Commerce. In practice, the US will cost the commercial flow of the GPUs for Huawei out of China, especially when these semiconductors go to allies of the latter country. Its strategy to exert pressure on countries interested in getting the Huawei chips is to announce fines, the possibility of revoking export rights, and even establishing criminal consequences. However, the Department of Commerce has not banned the circulation outside of China of All GPUs for Huawei. The chips ascend 910b, 910c and the imminent 910d are prohibited, but the ascend 910 that TSMC produced Legally for Huawei in 2019 and 2020 it can circulate on the planet with freedom. Image | Huawei More information | US Department of Commerce In Xataka | In a low voice, China has begun to remove some tariffs from US products. Your concern: the chips

A giant gas pipeline to China

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The dependence of Europe with Russia, despite the sanctions, has long been extended. Now, the European Union has decided to take control and break Russian gas imports, According to Euronews. From the Kremlin they will have to redirect their flow to other markets and China is receiving you with open arms. A change of direction. Russia has put its focus more east, betting on the Power of Siberia 2. According to Reutersthis project would allow transporting 50,000 million additional cubic meters of gas per year to China, crossing Mongolia. However, negotiations between the two countries have not been easy. The Bloomberg medium has pointed out that the project was stagnant for years due to disagreements on the route, prices and its urgency. Moscow has constantly pressed to close the agreement, but Beijing has maintained a prudent position, even delaying the signing of a preliminary agreement, since it wants to avoid passing through Mongolia. And now? According to has had access the New York medium, the internal industrial and commercial difficulties of China make A cheaper gas supply Be a difficult opportunity to ignore. During Xi Jinping’s visit to Moscow, it has been speculated, how He has collected Economist, that Beijing could be willing to negotiate a higher price, adjusted to the cost of Russian domestic gas and paid in the original gas pipeline, Power of Siberia. However, according to sources close to negotiations, the signing of a formal agreement is not expected in the short term. It has not gone unnoticed. The European authorities have not yet pronounced in this regard, since they remain focused on their own efforts to diversify their energy sources towards renewables, According to Reuters. However, we must not forget that during the commercial war against the US, China offered Europe imported from the US, so we will have to look at the origin of gas That arrives in Europe. Moving the pieces in his favor. On this geopolitical board, China is playing with advantage. While Russia desperately tries to replace its lost markets in Europe, Beijing has the opportunity to ensure a long -term energy supply in favorable terms. In addition, with the increase in global tensions, the Asian giant could be using his negotiation power to strengthen his global hegemonic position. In this sense, Xi Jinping is promoting a transformation towards A more electric economywhich gives China a strategic mattress against potential Western sanctions and reinforces it in global resources and energy markets. Image | Pixabay and Kremlin.ru Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License Xataka | Europe is caught in gas contracts with Russia. Now look for a way to break them without paying the price

Just when the batteries were breaking all the records came the ultra-infinity mobiles. China has a lesson for them

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He Samsung Galaxy S25 Edge He has just come to the market. It is a telephone that presumes finishes and whose main argument is in an ultra -launch design that differentiates it from your family brothers Galaxy S25. The problem? Miracles do not exist, and having less space for components translates into a smaller battery. The only solution to get less size to have a decent battery density is to bet on the Silicon-carbona technology that Samsung has not implemented in its EDGE. Result? A high range with 6.7 inches and 3,900mah, A countercurrent movement of the industry. One day of use. Despite the little battery capacity, Samsung promises that its Galaxy S25 Edge will last a day without too many problems. The problem here is that, for a while to this part, the rest of the manufacturers have been obsessed that their phones last more than a day. In fact, today a day of intensive use is a somewhat poor figure. Devices like him Samsung Galaxy S25 Ultra, iPhone 16 Pro Maxand virtually any high range from China reaches two days of use or, at least, the day and a half with intensive use. There are no miracles in optimization. The phones They are increasingly powerfulits processors are comfortable between the three and the four nanometers and we have been with optimizations in each of the telephone components to minimize energy consumption. But the new bright screens consume energy, the Snapdragon 8 Elite It is something swallow, and have a phone with the ability to record 8K, execute games in maximum resolution at 120 Hz and, ultimately, to pull with everything, spend drums. A countercurrent. 10,000mahit is what has managed to introduce real to a phone with a habitual thickness. Honor already has phones with batteries of 8,000mahand this year it has been clear that even the old 5,000mah barrier begins to fall short. Speaking an Android phone with 3,900Mah is risky, a lot. We are facing a change of generation in batteries. That day and a half is about to become a new scarce figure, and that is that with the democratization of batteries close to 10,000mAh we will have better autonomies than ever. Silicon-carbon is still a face and incipient technology, but China is squeezing to turn it into the standard of its phones. The solution. Xiaomi herself told us that some of its mobiles land with less battery in Europe with respect to China for a simple reason: The costs. These gigantic batteries are not economical, and manufacturers like Samsung bet on traditional technology to contain the price of their devices. Despite this, the only alternative to view if the ultradelgated phones want to succeed is to bet on silicon-carbon, even if necessary to cut in other specifications. Can. The ultra-of the mobile with good battery exists, and we have examples in the Tecno Spark Slim. 5.75mm for a 5.200MAH battery phone. It is an exception, yes, but it is the proof that it is possible to launch phones with large batteries and record thicknesses. They are not alone. The next stone on the road to the ultra-decaded mobiles will put Apple with its iPhone 17 Air. A phone that, except miracle, will also land with a traditional battery of a fairly content size. Image | Samsung In Xataka | Samsung already has the smallest solid state battery. Its objective: revolutionize wearables and energy

The critical metal that China has become its new strategic weapon

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First it was Lithiumthen The cobalt. China has decided to play its letter with another essential metal for advanced technology: Gallium. Although just 760 metric tons are produced per yearprices have shot and Chinese restrictions are suffocating the global industry, what is happening with element number 31? Short. China maintains its dominance over the gallium for the third year, controlling 98.8% of the market. A year ago it hardened restrictions, alleging national securitywhich has doubled prices up to $ 725 per kilogram, affecting the technological and military industry. The utility of the Gallium. Although annual production is small and its nominal value in the global market does not exceed 550 million dollars, its strategic role is disproportionate to its market size. According to He explained For Reuters, the journalist specialized in critical industrial and mineral metals, Andy Home, Gallium is essential to manufacture compounds such as Gallium Arseniuro and Gallium Nitruro, both used In high performance semiconductors. These materials allow to develop faster and more efficient chips, essential for mobile devices, electric vehicles and defense systems. The never ending story. The geopolitical war that the United States and China libes is nothing new And it is not the first time that China has used gallium as a strategic pressure gun against the United States on next generation semiconductor chips. As He has collected Reuters, the China Ministry of Commerce is closely monitoring any attempt for physical arbitration that tries to divert Gallic to the international market, maintaining relatively stable internal prices while the external market faces an explosive increase. It has more size. The importance of the Gallium is not limited to the civil sector, but in the military world it has become a critical material. In fact, who started was the United States through the Agency for Advanced Defense Research Projects (DARPA), which promoted the development of Gallium Arseniuro for radars and guided weapons. However, China He has consolidated Its leadership with the manufacture of gallium nitride chips for advanced weapons, consolidating its position as a leader in the production of strategic semiconductors. In addition, the Asian country has invested significantly in manufacturing plants dedicated to these components, which would allow it not only to dominate the civil market, but also expand its production capacity for advanced defense systems. This strategy not only threatens the United States position in military technology, but also reinforces the global dependence of the Chinese supply of Gallium and other critical metals something that something that something that something that Japan already saw coming. The rest of the countries. In the long term, the West could reactivate the production of Gaul, but that will take time. According to ReutersRio Tinto has begun to extract pure Galician in his vaudreuil alumina refinery, in Quebec, from industrial waste. The objective is a pilot plant with a capacity of 3.5 tons per year. For its part, in Greece, producer Metlen plans to reach an annual production of 50 tons by 2028, as part of a project to increase the processing capacity of bauxite and alumina. However, the challenge is technical: Western companies stopped producing Gaul years ago, when China flooded the market with cheap product. Now, they must recover the experience and the know-how To refine and process metal. Forecasts The battle for Gaul is only the prelude to a broader technological war. China has shown that it is willing to use critical metals as strategic weapons, and the West faces the challenge of finding alternatives or risking to be exposed to future interruptions, such as He has sentenced Andy Home for Reuters. While investments in new projects are promising, time runs. Until the West does not manage to diversify its supply of Gallium and other critical metals, it will remain vulnerable to Beijing pressure strategy. Image | Thomas Nguyen and Pexels Xataka | Anuuu is thrown over another problem: China prepares to lead the manufacture of chips for advanced weapons

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