build

Madrid needs to build a lot to relieve its serious housing crisis. You already have a (mini) plan to achieve it

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Madrid You need housing. A lot of housing. If the city wants to solve its mismatch between supply and demand and thus stop The climbing Price that he has long suffered needs to strengthen his market. It is not a simple task. Over the last years the capital has Moved file for example to avoid the escape of floors towards the holiday rental or clear land in which Raise new houses. With that backdrop, his City Council has just taken an important step with which he hopes to create hundreds of households in a new urban widening. Objective: to stop one of the Great challenges of the capital. What happened? That Madrid has taken an important step that will allow (partly) to relieve one of its most pressing problems: The lack of housing. A few days ago the City Council advanced in the procedures to clear the situation of an area of 218,000 m2 located east of the capital, together with San Fernando de Henares and Coslada, and in which 700 houses will be built, 50% official protection. What exactly? Advance in the long bureaucratic journey that the project has to complete before the first stone is placed. Last week the Government Board of Madrid approved Submit to the public information process the Sector Plan for the ‘Development of the East-Esanche of San Fernando’. The objective: ultimately, order the land located next to San Fernando de Henares and Coslada to “transform” with green areas, services … and houses. The Governing Board also approved to send the document to the Community of Madrid to activate two other essential bureaucratic gears: the strategic environmental assessment and the territorial impact report. For now, the project already has a favorable report from the General Planning Directorate. Click on the image to go to Tweet. Where will it be built? East of Madrid. To be more precise, near the roads M-45 and M-50 and the Regional M-206, between the towns of San Fernando de Henares and Coslada. Towards the East limits with the Parque Roma-Coronas neighborhood (S. Fernando de Henares), to the Oste with Jarama (Coslada) and to the south beautiful with the hills (Madrid). The Consistory recalls that under the ground the Metro line 7 runs, not far away are the Central Coslada and S. Fernando. The idea is not to build only 700 homes, green areas and other equipment, but “integrate” the new neighborhood into the surroundings, especially with Romoronas Park and Jarama, “giving continuity and harmony to the whole set, also with the metropolitan forest,” Clarify José Luis Martínez-Almeida’s team. The Consistory wants to integrate the improved road into the urban framework, preventing it from acting as a kind of “barrier”. Why is it important? Because among other things the Ensanche of San Fernando plans to create about 700 new homes, half with some degree of public protection and the rest available for the free market. And that is an important news in a city that suffers a deep mismatch between demand and the supply of residences, which translates into a deficit that some voices of the sector They relate precisely with the lack of soil available for construction. The Association of Real Estate Promoters of Madrid (Asprima) Calculate that every year they are necessary 40,000 New households in the community, well above the production of new construction. According to their estimates, over the last years housing deliveries have remained between 7,200 of 2014 and the “peak” of 23,500 last year. In 2023 and 2024 he estimates that 16,000 and 18,600 began respectively, which gives an idea of the stage for the next few years. And what does that suppose? “There is much more demand than supply and that translates into a price increase. In addition, there is an embolized demand for more than 175,000 homes,” warned Real Estate Consultores Forum in a 2024 analysis. In its last year’s report, Asprime already remembered that the INE forecasts pass through that in the coming years (between 2022 and 2037) the population of the Community of Madrid grows almost 13% to exceed the 7.8 million inhabitantswhich will fully affect its real estate market, tensioning it even more. “This growth will cause the community to build housing in the next 14 years for 573,738 new homes, passing the housing park of the 2,636,988 existing in December 2022 until 3,210,726 of December 2037. It means building more than 40,000 homes a year, compared to the 17,000 that are currently built,” collect The promoters report. The collective is part involved, but it is not the only one who has warned of the hole, a problem that extends to other regions of the country and also has pointed out The Bank of Spain. Does it affect something else? Yes. The mismatch between supply and demand, added to other factors such as The pressure that holiday rentals exercise, it is felt on several fronts. For example, in The speed with which the floors find tenant or buyer or The hard conditions who are forced to assume those interested so as not to be expelled from the market. If there is a clear indicator of the imbalance it is nevertheless the price. Idealista calculates that M2 costs € 5,718 In the capital, 23.7% more than a year ago. In the case of rentals the rise was from 11.3%. Images | Quique Olivar (UNSPLASH) and Borja Carabante (X) In Xataka | In Madrid the number of Latinos has shot. And with them a new phenomenon: 15 -year -old parties for Madrid

Felipe II wanted to build an XXL channel from Madrid to Lisbon. Now the city has recovered it inspired by ancient Egypt

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When the workers are excavated in a city with the solera and patrimonial wealth of Madrid the ground can become a box of surprises. The team in charge of the expansion of Metro Line 11, which during its excavations at the future Madrid Rio station recently proved it. He found himself With a wall of the Real Canal del Manzanares, the Gran river path dreamed by Felipe II. The structure has value, that was clear from the beginning, but it was so delicate and was in such a complicated area that a doubt arose: how to rescue it? Simple: ‘Looking’ to Ancient Egypt. Underground Award. If Spanish architects know something, it is that when you hurt a shovel in a city and excavas enough it is not strange that archaeological remains begin to emerge. It has happened in the works of Expansion of line 11 of the Madrid Metro. A few months ago The operators who are responsible for horating the ground for the future underground network and the Madrid Rio station found more than rocks: they located remains of the Real Canal del Manzanares. Click on the image to go to Tweet. Curious yes, surprising no. The finding is interesting and will help us know better The old channeling who aspired to connect Madrid and Lisbon with barges, but did not catch off experts. “It has been no surprise to meet this section of the channel here,” I commented In spring a The country Archaeologist Esther Andreu. It is not the first finding in the environment and experts have been in charge of keeping tables and examining the area with laser scanners. What is the real channel? Maybe The craziest dream From Felipe II, that one day, back in the 16th century, he wondered why he could not have Madrid his own port with the Atlantic. Sounds macarronic, but what the monarch had in mind was to imitate the model of locks and channels he had seen In Flanders and create a river route that connected Madrid with Aranjuez and then continue through the Tagus to Lisbon … and America. The project, huge, required a 600 km navigable route capable of saving 650 m slope, as Pedro Gargantilla requires in ABC. With honey on the lips. The project advanced and In 1584 Felipe II himself came to travel from Madrid to Aranjuez to verify in situ the progress of the company. However, neither its real effort, nor that of the engineer behind the project, Juan Bautista AntonelliNor the implication of the monarchs that followed Felipe II on the throne (especially Carlos III) served to make the structure reach the size with which the Austria dreamed. Stayed in a channel of 22 kilometers of extension (far from the initial objective), 14 meters wide and three of draft, with ten locks, header, jetty and houses for workers. Against the project they played several factors, in addition to their considerable technical complexity. The first varapalo was the death of Antonelli in 1588, which happened complications with financing, the distancing Politician with Portugal and, already advanced time, in the 19th century, the growing competition of the railroad, which caused the infrastructure Stay in disuse. That did not prevent the Royal Channel from remembered as an emblematic project whose remains, as Metro has verified, continue to rest under the feet of Madrid. What to do with the remains? The million dollar question. The wall has a heritage and historical value, that is clear, so it would not be unreasonable to do the same as in other stations and expose the vestiges in Madrid Río itself. But one thing is to remove and handle wood remains, small stones or metal parts and a very different manipulate a structure of several tons. How to move it? How to get it out of its original site without destroying it? The questions are brought because, like Andreu explains in ABCin the unearthed section the Royal Channel was about nine meters wide and 1.5 deep. “It was not very deep, it passed parallel to the Manzanares channel. The water flowed because it was built at the same water table of the river,” he recalls. Before the Brete of having to move that huge structure without deteriorating it, those responsible for the project made a curious decision: ‘look’ to ancient Egypt. “A very complicated order”. The company perhaps scared other archaeologists, but not Miguel Ángel López Marcoswith extensive experience in the recovery of the colossi of Amenophis III in Luxor and that it has already been involved in the ‘rescue’ of other pieces of the Madrid heritage, such as The last vestiges from the San Gil barracks. That callus and previous knowledge have helped him to face the Real Canal project, a task that admits, it was not simple. “The commission was very complicated by the situation of the wall embedded in the tunnel and the characteristics of the fragile and mechanical resistance,” account. Metal cage and steel rollers. How did he solve it? The first conclusion reached by López Marcos is that “the extraction should be in block.” “Disassembly would cause the disintegration of the wall, which does not have the necessary consistency,” Clarify The expert before pointing out that conventional engineering lacks resources to “guarantee” the conservation of that kind of structures. It is nothing new. The same challenge has already been found in Egypt, where he can often resort to heavy machinery that facilitates the task. To solve it López Marcos and his companions had to pull ingenuity. The team designed a protective cage, a shield that allowed it to dig under the structure and dispose of a base with steel bars. Everything firm enough to endure a 14 tons structure. Hydraulic beams and cats allowed them to advance the operation and descend the remains of the wall at a sufficient height to move it to a crane truck. To facilitate the movement of the cage with the stones the team also handled steel rollers. Objective: … Read more

China begins to build the largest dam in the world. His neighbors fear that they use it as a “water pump”

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The Pharaonic works They are not easy. Tell them The Linethe gigantic Horizontal skyscraper that he was confident years ago and that more and more and more. China, however, does not raise your foot from the accelerator and, every little time, it surprises us with some megaestructure. Now, and after a long planning, they have announced the beginning of the construction of the world’s largest hydroelectric dam. And neighboring countries have shouted in the sky for a reason: the possible use of water as a throwing weapon. A monster. China has the largest dam on the planet. The three throats is the largest energy plant in the worldit is so huge that GROUNDS EARTH ROTATION With a refueling, and it is estimated that it has a production capacity of 88.2 million MWH per year. Impressive, but will soon be in a second place because they are preparing an even bigger dam. A set of dams, rather. Located on the Yarlung Tsangpo River, Lto new biggest in the world It will have the capacity to generate 300 million MWH per year, you can cover the energy needs of 300 million people each year and “only” will cost 130,000 million euros. That impressive capacity will be possible thanks both to your turbines as to the use of the energy generated by the two -kilometer unevenness presented by the river in certain areas and a construction with five cascade dams. “The project of the century”. The area is one of the richest in hydroelectric resources in the world, and the idea is to drill between four and six tunnels of 20 kilometers in length through a mountain to divert half of the river flow to achieve 2,000 m³ per second and take advantage of all that force. It will not be a simple operation due to the conditions of the area and at the cost of the project, and that is what has led to China’s prime minister to qualify it as “the project of the century”. As we read in The GuardianLi Qiang made the statements during a ceremony in the region to commemorate the beginning of a construction that was announced in 2020 and has Aroused numerous criticisms. Out of China, yes. Risks. First, for natural reasons. Is found in the Tibet area And it is one of the most regions seismically active of the planet. It is where the Indian and Eurasian plates contact and where numerous earthquakes are given every year, some with important magnitudes. In fact, a recent earthquake already damaged five hydroelectric dams in the area, and the weight of accumulated water itself is another factor that can trigger earthquakes, As has happened. On the other hand, human reasons. Apart from the consequences that an earthquake of that magnitude can have for the local population, it is not the first time that displaces a population to build a dam. These population movements is something that fear Tibetan groups that claim to have no visibility on the plans of the Chinese government. And, when they have complained about other hydroelectric projects in Tibet, they have been repressed by the authorities. The area could not be more geologically complicated. Either at the geopolitical level And geopolitics. India and Bangladés too They look at the dam With the arched eyebrow. He Brahmaputra It is essential for agriculture and access to drinking water of millions of people along the river and fear that dams seriously alter their flow. It is something that would directly affect the agriculture and food security of these people and already They drop That the project is a strategic tool from China to exert pressure on neighboring countries, by being able to control or modify water flow at will. Neeraj Singh Manhas is the special advisor for South Asia in the Parley Policy initiative (organization that seeks to solve conflicts through diplomacy) and in statements to BBCHe commented that “China can always use water as a weapon, blocking or diverting it.” Even if they do not do it on purpose, it would not be the first time that a accidentlike him collapse In cascade of the Banqiao dam and another 61 dams in 1975, an event that caused 85,000 direct deaths and displaced 11 million people. “Water pump”. In addition, it is something that can go against the direct interests of India, which aims to build a hydroelectric dam on the Sang River (one of those feeding on the Tsangpo). Apart from the fact that the flow of the river can affect the energy interests of India, there are voices that warn about the possible use of China as a “water pump.” PEMA KHANDU, Minister of Arunachal Pradesh -a state of the Republic of India -, commented In a recent interview that the dam “can cause an existential threat to our tribes and a half visa. It is quite serious because China could use this as a ‘water pump’. Suppose that, suddenly, they release water: all our Siang belt would be destroyed, finished with tribes that would see how all its properties would be destroyed”. Nothing to worry about. From the Chinese government have always been rejected Those criticisms, ensuring that they do not seek “water hegemony” or intend to get benefits at the expense of their neighbors. On the other hand, it is alleged not only that the project will generate employment in the region, but will cover the energy needs and encourage something that China is advancing by leaps and bounds: he Renewable sector. In addition, the Prime Minister said that these concerns about ecological conservation have been taken into account when planning the project to “avoid environmental damage.” We will see what it is, but it is evident that the dam will be built and the intention is that it is operational in record time: by 2030. Images | Yogho, Guganij In Xataka | China is moving whole buildings at the same time to build underneath. Because? Because it can

Spain finds its niche in the AI revolution: build the foundations

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Coreweave, American giant, has commissioned the Spanish ACS to build a data center In Lancaster (Pennsylvania) that will cost 6,000 million dollars (about 5,160 million euros). The installation will start with 100 MW of power, expandable to 300 MW, becoming one of the largest in the world. Why is it important. Spain does not manufacture specialized chips or develop important models of AI, but it is finding its place in the value chain: build the physical infrastructure that makes the above possible. ACS, through Turner, is the one who will lead the construction of data centers in the United States with a portfolio of 12,000 million euros. The backdrop. The United States seeks the desperate infrastructure to feed the AI revolution. Data centers already consume 4.4% of all electricity in the country and are expected to reach up to 12% in 2028. Demand is brutal: 58 THD in 2014 a forecasts of up to 580 twh for 2028. An X10. The construction company of Florentino Pérez already works for Meta, Vantage Data Center and other technological giants. Your Turner subsidiary is who is more promoting its recent growth. In figures. The project will generate 600 jobs during construction and 70 initial permanent positions, which will grow up to 245. Coreweave calculates that each direct position will create six additional jobs. The announcement was faced with Donald Trump, which has promised 70,000 million dollars in investments In AI infrastructure. The panoramic. There is some trend that goes beyond ACS: ACCIONA builds solar parks that feed data centers. Electric network exports intelligent network technology. Ferrovial competes for digital infrastructure contracts in the United Kingdom. Spain has found its specialty: we do not invent the AI, but we know how to build buildings, networks and energy infrastructure that makes it possible. Deepen. ACS’s commitment has 2,000 MW in development and another 4,000 MW identified. The company He anticipated this movement in 2023buying land in Madrid for its first data center in Spain, which will operate since 2025. We are not architects of the AI revolution, but good masons. In Xataka | Spain promised them very happy as the power of the data centers. Did not have the heat waves Outstanding image | ACS

Build a home for AI

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In recent weeks, Mark Zuckerberg has been so busy trying steal the best engineers A OpenAI through millionaire contracts, who has not even learned that Larry Ellison has unseat him of its position in the Forbes Millionaires List. Thus, Oracle’s co -founder has become The second person richer on the planet. This feat that has been possible thanks to the meteoric rise in Oracle’s actions and the key role that the company plays in the infrastructure that the AI needs to work. Larry Ellison surpasses Zuckerberg and Bezos. In recent days, Larry Ellison has managed to unseat Mark Zuckerberg of the second position in the ranking of Greater fortunes in the world. Until recently, Ellison occupied the fourth place, behind Elon Musk, Mark Zuckerberg and Jeff Bezos. After a rapid increase in the price of Oracle’s shares, the fortune of its founder has climbed up to 291,600 million dollars, relegating Mark Zuckerberg to third position with 241.3 billion dollars, already Jeff Bezos until the fourth with 237.4 billion dollars. This ascent places Ellison a step closer to Elon Musk, who continues to lead the list of the richest people in the world with An estimated heritage of 412.8 billion dollars. The miracle of Oracle. He Ellison’s meteoric It is no accident. It is based on the extraordinary performance of Oracle’s actions and the incessant growth of its technological portfolio. The value of Oracle’s shares has risen 5.7% since the US government announced that it would allow chips manufacturers export some semiconductors to China. To these good news was added the presentation of solids Financial resultswith an increase in the benefits of 52% thanks to the investments that all technology companies are doing in developing AI. The good news that were given from Oracle have turned on the enthusiasm of the investors that have been released in Tromba To buy shares of the company. Ellison’s rise has done nothing but start. Taking into account Oracle’s excellent financial results, Larry Ellison has affirmed that 2026 will be A decisive year for Oraclegiven the enormous sums of money that the big technological ones They are investing in developing AI. Oracle has invested billions of dollars during the last decades to position itself as a supplier Cloud infrastructure key. That has left him in a dominant position in the cloud infrastructure market. Since the launch of Chatgpt in November 2022, that domain has only growing, adopting a hardware supplier role for the equivalent of that which Nvidia has occupied, but in the field of server infrastructure. In short, Oracle has managed to create a “home” in which AI can develop. A visible example of this influence is the recent agreement between Oracle and Openai, in which, within the framework of the Stargate projectSam Altman’s company promised increase power of processing renting a capacity of 4.5 gigawatts to train ChatGPT in Oracle data centers. Larry Ellison’s fortune. Larry Ellison controls more than 40% of Oracle’s shares, which means that any revaluation of the company impacts significantly on its personal heritage. His empire is almost completely supported in Oracle, which represents 80% of his fortune. However, Ellison has also been a relevant shareholder of Tesla, with approximately 1.5% participation in the company’s actions According to the vote statement of 2022. Between 2018 and 2022, he was part of the Tesla Board of Directors. Beyond its technological investments, Ellison has diversified its assets with greater or lesser successallocating hundreds of millions of dollars to the purchase of luxury properties and sports projects. Among its assets are several residences in Malibu and Rancho Mirage (California), the Beechwood mansion in Newport (Rhode Island) and Lanai Island in Hawaii. In Xataka | Larry Ellison believes that the “Big Brother” and massive video surveillance will arrive soon. And look good Image | Flickr (Oracle PR)

A rapper wanted to build a futuristic city of 6,000 million dollars in Senegal: a wakanda inspired

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The American rapper Alioune Badara Thiam, better known as AKON, announced in 2020 his goal of building a Megation of 6,000 million dollars In Senegal. This city would be inspired by wakanda, The Central African country invented by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby to locate the kingdom of the Superhero Black Panther. The proposal promised to change the urban and economic landscape of the African country, serving as a magnet To attract investments and tourism to Senegal. In the same way that happened to them To other pharaonic projectsAkon’s “Wakanda” went from estimating its investment of 6,000 million to a sixth part and, finally, summarizing just a couple of buildings in a remote rural population southeast of the capital of Senegal. Akon City: Wakanda in real life Akon was A success rapper During the early 2000s. Although he spent most of his life in the United States, his origin is Senegalés. That is why it is not strange that he dreamed with taking Senegal the project of his life. The artist dreamed of building a futuristic megaciudad inspired by the wakanda I had seen in Marvel’s comics and movies. To anyone’s surprise, the rapper baptized the project as Akon City. Although the idea could have remained as An artistic eccentricitythe close ties that joined Senegal made the then Minister of Tourism of Senegal, Alioune Sarr, give institutional support to the project, such and As reported The avant -garde In 2020. “For all those who come from America, Europe or anywhere wanting to visit Africa, we want Senegal to be his first stop,” said the rapper in the presentation of the project. Akon City The rapper said “I want buildings to seem authentic African sculptures that make in the villages”, collected he Washington Post. That spirit was collected in the architecture that the artist imagined in the form of great skyscrapers in sinuous ways. As can be seen on the project website, the city was going to be divided into different thematic areas: educational, health, technological, entertainment, etc., etc., equipped with hospitals, football stadiums, filming studies or research laboratories and universities. And how is that paid? Financing, in addition to state investments and private investment, was going to be supported by a cryptocurrency that the rapper wanted to link to the development of the city: the Akoin. The Senegalese government fulfilled its part and contributed 800 coastal hectares without building to develop the new urban project. The chosen location was Mbodiène, an agricultural village about 100 kilometers southeast of Dakar. Akon City entertainment district However, like It has already happened With projects that start from Much more solvent pockets That Akon’s, Like NeomThe rapper soon realized that 6,000 million was a lot of money. Therefore, in 2024 investment expectations They were reduced from 6,000 million dollars to a much more modest plan, valued at 1,000 million dollars. For its part, Akoin began its price on the Bitget exchange platform at $ 0.15 on November 19, 2020. For December 11, its last available price had already fallen to $ 0.003 confirming the little support that the project had received and hurting it. Such and as he collected Bloomberg, At present, there are still no roads, homes or electricity grid on those land. The only constructions that the rapper has financed are a youth center, a basketball court in the nearby population of Mbodiène and a building reception still half building. Nor is there a trace of futuristic buildings They imagined for Akon City. The end of Akon City and the future of the land The outcome of the project came from the hand of Serigne Mamadou Mboup, director of Sapco, the Senegal Tourism Development Agency that in statements to the BBChe said: “The Akon City project no longer exists, fortunately, an agreement has been reached between Sapco and the businessman Alioune Badara Thiam. What is preparing with us is a realistic project, which Sapco will fully support” The artist himself acknowledged that the project was great and admitted that “it was not properly managing; I assume all responsibility.” Senegal has recovered 90% of the land that had yielded for the development of the city and plans to continue collaborating with the artist to build sports and civil equipment for 2026 Youth Olympic Games that are celebrated in Dakar. However, Senegal Wakanda will have to wait save in a drawer. Yibambe! In Xataka |The amazing history of the kingdom of Haiti, the American wakanda that did exist Image | Akon CityFlickr (Web Summit), Disney

Israel has been bombing the nuclear facilities that build other countries around its surroundings. This is the real risk of collapse

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On February 28, 2022, just four days after the start of The Russian Invasion of Ukrainethe country’s troops led by Vladimir Putin bombarded the vicinity of The Zaporiyia nuclear power plantlocated in the southeast of the country. Shortly after, during the night of March 3 to 4, the Ukrainian and Russian soldiers They fought together with the buildings of this nuclear installation. This scenario has been repeated several times since then, which has represented at some times a threat to the integrity of the nuclear reactors of this central. Unfortunately, the Ukraine War is not the only war conflict that has endangered one or more nuclear facilities. During the last five decades Israel has repeatedly bombarded Iraq nuclear plants, Syria and Iran with the purpose, according to the Israeli government, to prevent these countries from developing nuclear weapons. This is the same scenario as presumably triggered The last episode of the conflict between Israel and Iran on June 13. However, not all nuclear facilities are the same. Israel and the US argue that the plants of Fordo, Isfahán and Natanz, all in Iran, who have recently bombarded several thousand Uranium centrifugers. These machines contain uranium hexafluoruro (UF₆) inside, a corrosive gas that if it came to filter to the environment could trigger a radiological and chemical emergency, although there would be no nuclear explosion. In any case, in this article we propose to explore what would happen if one missile or other large -capacity projectile impact on the building of a nuclear reactor. Nuclear reactors cannot explode as an atomic bomb Nuclear centrals in operation used by many countries to generate electricity have been designed to offer A very high security level and hold your operation over time. The first protection barrier that nuclear reactors have external threats is the containment enclosure. This concrete structure is watertight and is designed to keep the primary circuit of the environment completely isolated (we will immediately see what this circuit consists of). This framework is designed not to be degraded by dilation, to support the energy of an earthquake, and even to resist very important collisions, such as the impact of an airplane. However, in addition to protecting the nuclear reactor from external aggressions, it is responsible for preventing the radioactive material to be lodged in the primary circuit Remove and get in touch with the atmosphere. Anyway, the first thing that a missile or a pump would have to damage to damage a nuclear reactor is to destroy, or, at least, penetrate the containment enclosure. The containment enclosure is designed to withstand very important collisions, such as the impact of a plane The other element of the installation that has a crucial role in the proper functioning of a nuclear reactor is the cooling circuit. Although, in reality, a nuclear reactor works side by side with three different circuits. The primary circuit consists of the vessel, which is the deposit that contains Fuel bars and the water that must remain in contact with them to absorb their thermal energy; For the heat exchanger, which is a second tank to which the hot water comes from the vessel; and by a pump that facilitates the circulation of water between the vessel and the heat exchanger. The primary circuit must be closed because the water it contains being in direct contact with the fuel bars is contaminated. And therefore, It is radioactive. The heat exchanger acts as a steam generatorso a second circuit is responsible for introducing the cold water inside that when it comes into contact with the hot water of the primary circuit, it enters the boiling. From there the necessary steam proceeds to transfer to the turbine the kinetic energy that will make it possible to obtain electricity thanks to the action of the alternator. Once the fluid crosses the turbine the water vapor cools and condenses inside an additional tank to promote the appearance of water in a liquid state that will be introduced again in the heat exchanger, thus giving rise to a second closed circuit known as secondary circuit. Again a pump is responsible for the water to circulate between the condensation tank and the heat exchanger. So far we have described two different closed circuits, the primary and the secondary, but we have left a loose end. In order for the water vapor of the secondary circuit to be condensed inside the condensation tank it is necessary to introduce in the latter cold water. And to do so it is necessary to resort to a third circuit known as cooling circuit. The water of this last installation comes from the sea or from a river near the nuclear power plant, hence it is necessary to accommodate this type of centrals near one of these two natural resources. The thermal energy exchange that occurs between these circuits allows us to obtain the electrical energy we need, which is the ultimate goal of nuclear power plants, but also seeks to keep the fuel bars housed in the reactor core within its optimal range of working temperature. The most serious scenario implies the fusion of the reactor core If the thermal energy generated by the fuel material of the fuel bars as a result of the sustained fission over time exceeds, for whatever reason, the capacity of the refrigeration systems of transporting that energy and maintaining the core of the reactor within the optimal range of working temperature, the fuel could be degraded. And if this happens, it could happen from the solid state in which it is initially to the semi -solid state, or even a liquid state. This phenomenon is known as the fusion of the nucleus, and can cause a part of the radioactive material to end up coming out of the vessel. This was, in broad strokes and without entering the causes of the accident, which happened In Chernobil reactor 4 In 1986, but There are very important differences between the nuclear power plant that … Read more

Boadilla del Monte wants to be a pilgrimage place. So he has decided to build a 37 -meter colossal

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Boadilla del Monte is known by the Palacio del Infante Don Luisyour source of Three pipes or the Convent of the incarnation, among other monumentsbut if the plans of an association of Catholics in the area go ahead in a short time it will be for something different: an effigy colossal of Christ that will overcome in size a The famous figure that crowns the Cerro Corcovadoin Rio de Janeiro. Your drivers, yes, will have nothing easy. They need to raise 17 million of euros. Not only do they want their sculpture to be the largest of its kind. They aspire to be a representation based on The holy sheet and with a huge mobile heart. Breaking molds. Throughout the world there are many, many effigies of Jesus, but few as iconic as the Redeemer of Corcovado, in Rio de Janeiro, a huge monument of Around 30 meters high (almost 40if the pedestal is taken into account) that was inaugurated In 1931. In Spain there is, however, who wants to make the competition with an even greater monument: a sculpture of Christ with open arms of 37 m high and 60 wingspan. With you, the Christ of Boadilla. The initiative starts from the Association of Devotos Heart of Jesus of Boadilla, a Catholic group that He wants to lift in that municipality of the Madrid community “The Sacred Heart of the world”. Its intention is to build the effigy between M 50, the Financial City and M 501, on a field of public ownership. For now, They assurehave the Plecet of the City Council, which in 2019 approved the project No opposition. A colossal work of 17 million. The location is not, however, the largest challenge of the company. Its drivers calculate that to get it ahead they need close to 17 million euros16 for construction itself and the remaining million to face “the management, communication and financing of the project”. They also want to raise them through donations from individuals or private organizations, without public funds or any institution such as the Catholic Church. For the moment, Precise The worldthey are quite far from that figure: today their crowdfunding has managed to gather around 95,000 euros. An objective: June 2030. The association not only handles an approximate budget. On its website also includes A schedule How you want to carry out the project. The first phase of financing started at the beginning of the year and will run until February 2026 with the aim of leaving the sculptural project ready, the general preliminary project and starting the crowdfunding campaign. During that first stage they hope to gather 135,000 euros. The second aspires to add five million, will last until June 2028 and will focus on the architectural project and permits. The objective of the association is that the construction of the effigy can begin in mid -2027 and the works last for about three years. If the Planning, It could be inaugurated during June 2030. For this, it will be necessary to carry out the third phase of the financing, of 11.86 million. The collective Recognize in any case that are “self -imposed” deadlines. “Nothing will prevent anticipating the result or that it suffers some delay.” And how do you want to do it? The monument draws attention for its size (37 meters high and 60 of size), but also for its approach. Input and although the association acknowledges that it has not yet defined “the constructive phase”, its Initial idea It is that the effigy combines various materials: the trunk and head would be built with reinforced concrete and arms extended with fiberglass or carbon. The most striking thing is what there will be within the figure. The interior of the effigy can be visited and will include a huge golden heart of around 2.5 meters in diameter that will rise and fall during the day. “Every morning, when the first rays of the sun cross the sore of its side and illuminate the heart, it will slowly descend to the ground with a pulleys mechanism. Then, when the night falls, the heart will return to its anatomical position and retro-pile it will light and light up,” They explain From the association. “With scientific methods”. It is not the only surprise. To shape sculpture, those responsible have decided to take as a reference a symbol of Christianity: Turin’s shroud. “The Holy sheet will be our guide to model sculpture and rebuild with scientific methods the true face of the man who left his mark on the canvas,” they claim. “The wounds and the site of the side will become cracks for which the light will cross the monument. The music will accompany us during our visit and we will listen to the heartbeat.” Your goal, emphasize The association is to create “a world pilgrimage place”, joins huge effigy that becomes the largest “largest heart in the world”. The nuance is important because if we talk about Christ’s sculptures, in general, there are much greater monuments. Not long ago Indonesia inaugurated a colossal statue of the “Salvador” of about 60 meters high In the same country there is another effigy, Buntu Burakearound 40 m. Images | Heart of Jesus Boadilla In Xataka | Cáceres is building a gigantic Buddhist statue 47 meters high (for some reason)

An army of 25,000 North Koreans addresses Russia. They will not fight, they will build the biggest army of kamikaze drones

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It is taking place A paradox in the war that is taking place in Europe. While Ukraine has weakened Russian artillery, another growing threat has been increasing more and more over the months. If kyiv became a industry of combat drones in record time, Moscow is determined to overcome. As? To begin with, with the arrival of thousands of North Koreans. Drones, workers and an alliance. The strategic alliance between Russia and North Korea has ceased to be a marginal cooperation to become a structural axis with direct implications in the evolution of the war in Ukraine and in the security architecture of Eastern Asia. According to diplomatic sources cited in media Japanese and Western, Pyongyang has begun to send an army of up to 25,000 workers to the Special Economic Zone of Alabuga, in the Russian Republic of Tartaristan. THE OBJECTIVE: Massive support the industrial production of Shahed dronesof Iranian origin, used by Moscow As a main weapon of saturation and attack in Ukraine. But there is more. This collaboration also includes knowledge transfer operational, training in the use of unmanned systems, and a component of reconstruction aid in combat areas, Like Kurskwhich has suffered important damage from the Ukrainian offensive of August 2024. The arrival of North Korean personnel not only represents a solution to the growing labor shortage qualified in Russia, but also contributes to consolidating a political and military axis based on convergent interests against the West. Mass kamikazes. The Alabuga factory, epicenter of the Russian Drones Shahed program, currently produces some 2,000 units per month with the objective of reach 5,000 Thanks to this new workforce. In fact, satellites They have detected an enormous expansion in the industrial zone, with the construction of Collective bedrooms designed to accommodate hundreds of workersfollowing an intensive and permanent occupation architecture. The logistics reinforcement aims to guarantee the continuity of production even under direct threat, since the plant has repeatedly suffered attacks by Ukrainian drones, as it happened June 15 with a Airrakt A-22 loaded with explosives that towed a glider, unpublished tactics Until then and capable of attacking two goals simultaneously. Russian Drones Shahed A key drone. The Russian need to maintain pressure on Ukrainian defenses has turned Shahed into the backbone of his aerial offensive. It We have counted before: these vehicles are modified to carry major explosive loads and, in some cases, elements of autonomy that make them more difficult to intercept. He massive use (With attacks that reach more than a hundred drones per night) it forces Ukraine to accelerate their anti -aircraft reserves, progressively weakening their defense and reaction capacity. Rebuild with military logic. The sending of North Korean workers is not limited to the production of weapons. After his visit to Pyongyang, Russian Defense Minister Serguéi Shoigú, confirmed the incorporation of about 1,000 North Korean and at least 5,000 civil workers which will participate in the reconstruction of destroyed infrastructure in Kursk. This region, invaded by Ukrainian forces In August 2024 And recovered by Russia after weeks of combat, it has been deeply damaged. Moscow considers its reconstruction essential both in terms of national morals and the logistics sustainability of the front. Not just that. They counted the Twz analysts that the initiative also responds to a Internal logic: Kremlin perceives Central Asian migrants as politically unstable and potentially vulnerable to recruitment for Western or Ukrainian intelligence services, which has driven the search of “Leales migrants”like North Koreans. A labor hybrid. According to General Ukrainian Kyrylo Budanovpart of these workers will end up signing Contracts with the Ministry Russian defense, constituting unofficial units of Russian nationality but North Korean origin, which would mark a new step in hybridization between foreign workforce and regular military structure. Inverse technological transfer. It is another leg to analyze. The alliance has an even deeper geopolitical dimension. According to BudanovRussia is actively helping North Korea to improve the accuracy of Your KN-23 ballistic missilesto Modernize your missiles long-range air-air and reinforce the capacities of Its nuclear submarinesparticularly in relation to missile launch from submerged platforms. Strategic evolution. In exchange for Labor and Cooperation Logistics, Moscow is consolidating a North Korean offensive capacity that could alter military balance in the Korean peninsula. In that sense and how We countPyongyang is developing (with Russian assistance) the necessary infrastructure to produce local versions Of the Shahed drones, which would endow the regime of Kim Jong-un of an arsenal capable of, for example, saturate the aerial defenses of South Korea through mass and simultaneous attacks. This change represents a strategic evolution for a country that until a few years ago operated outside the large global military production chains, but now emerges as a relevant actor in asymmetric technological warfare. “Other” world order. In short, the image of a giant factory where thousands of Russians and North Koreans come together In a Shahed drone assembly line, that Moscow-Pyongyang alliance at a new level. If you also want, it marks the emergence of an authoritarian axis not only military, but also economic and structuralthat frontally challenges the Western Alliances System. What doubt fits, if Russia manages to stabilize its forehead through Drones produced by mass With North Korean help and at the same time strengthens Pyongyang’s strategic capabilities in Asia, global security architecture will experience A dangerous mutation. Now it is not simply an exchange of resources for services, but the training of a Coordinated Interest Network With a shared narrative against the United States, Europe and its Asian allies. Image | KNCA, X. In Xataka | North Korea has been sending armament for months to Russia. In return, Russia is giving him what longs for her: a functional army In Xataka | Ukraine is surviving in the war thanks to the drones. Russia has an ally to change that: North Korea

An engine that the United States tried to build without success in the Cold War

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The new space race has brought back the attempts to develop rocket engines much faster. And it is not NASA, but the European Space Agency who is chasing the old dream. Context. The thermal Nuclear Propulsion Motor (NTP) is an almost as old idea as the space race itself. In the same 1961 speech with which John F. Kennedy promised to take a man to the moon, he also requested funds for the Nuclear Rover rocket with the promise of “an even more exciting and ambitious exploration of space.” More than 60 years later, space nuclear dream is still a unfulfilled promise. Europe wants to try. Interplanetary trips twice as fast. That is the central promise of nuclear propulsion, and ESA believes that it is an attainable future to reduce the nine months of earth-marte travel to half. With the help of the heavyweights of the French space and nuclear industry (CEA, Arianegroup and Framatome), ESA has concluded in his study alumni that technology offers “huge increases in performance” and “can be operated safely.” Meanwhile, in the United States. NASA has had to end its last attempt to develop an NTP engine. He Draco projectdirect heir to the initiatives of the 60s (the Rover and Nerva projects), has fallen into the Trump administration cuts. The justification of the White House for cutting is that they are “expensive investments” and “there are other alternatives.” The news has fallen as a jug of cold water for those involved. Bhavya Lal, former associated administrator of the NASA, He said to Spacenews: “We have spent almost 20,000 million dollars in space nuclear energy since the 50s and the only system we currently have is a radioisotope generator the size of a 100 watt bulb.” Many possibilities. One thing is the generators of the Martian Rovers or the Voyager and New Horizons probes, which use the heat of passive disintegration of the plutonium to generate some electricity with their small radioisotope generators (RTG), and a very different one is an active fission reactor to generate a massive thrust (a NTP rocket engine). New Horizons illustrates the difference well. It was one Mission to explore Plutobut it passed through the dwarf planet without the capacity to enter its orbit, obtaining just 24 hours of data. With nuclear propulsion, I could have orbized for years, and the scientific return would have been immensely superior. Oh, irony. Jared Isaacman, Trump’s nominated to direct NASA that was removed when Elon Musk lost its influence on the White Househe was a supporter of the development of this type of engines. The NTP are “exactly the type of thing in which NASA should concentrate its resources,” he said on one occasion. Now, Without Isaacman And with the Canceled Draco project, Europe embarks cautiously on the path of nuclear propulsion while the United States step back. Kennedy’s promise is still waiting. Of course, the things of space go slowly, and there are still a few viability studies before the European thermal nuclear propulsion engine takes shape. Image | POT In Xataka | Electronuclear and Nuclear Fusion Propulsion are the options of science to take us to deep space

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