years

For the first time we have pointed to heaven with a 3,200 megapixel camera. In just 10 hours he has done several years

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The world’s largest digital camera is already operational. And what he has seen in just a few hours of trial is simply overwhelming. The Vera Rubin Observatory. Located in the privileged Watchtower of Cerro Pachón, Chile, the Vera Observatory C. Rubin points to the sky with a digital camera of the size of a small car. Its 3,200 megapixel sensor is ever built. He has been developing more than two decades, but the wait has been worth it. What is capable of capturing They are not simple “beautiful photos” of the universe. In just 10 hours of operations, the preliminary results already exceed years of work from other observatories. What he has seen in 10 hours. In this very brief period of time. The Rubin Observatory has been able to capture 10 million galaxies. It is only 0.05% of the 20,000 million galaxies that their operators expect to catalog during their main mission. But also has discovered 2,104 asteroids Never seen before. This figure is surprising if we compare it with the approximately 20,000 asteroids that discover all other observatories in the world throughout a whole year. Rubin has done 10% of that work in less than half a day. Among them, he has found seven asteroids near Earth, but all out of our trajectory. Trifida nebulous and lagoon seen by the LSST camera of the Vera Rubin Observatory The biggest camera in the world. Financed by the National Foundation of Sciences (NSF) and the United States Department of Energy (DOE), the Rubin Observatory promises “to capture more information about our universe than all optical telescopes of all history together”, in the words of Brian Stone, director of the NSF. It is a matter of brute force. Mounted on a telescope of 8.4 meters in diameter is the space-time research chamber as a legacy for posterity (LSST), a technological feat of 2,800 kg. Each image that captures an area of ​​the sky equivalent to 45 full moons. And who was Vera Rubin. The Observatory owes his name to the American astronomer which contributed the most conclusive evidence of the existence of dark matter, the invisible substance that seems to constitute 85% of the matter of the cosmos. The dynamic and ultra -precise map that will create the Rubin Observatory for the next ten years will play a key role to understand its nature. The Observatory will generate approximately 20 data terabytes every night. Throughout its ten years of useful life, the final data set will reach the figure of 500 petabytes. Only in its first year will collect more data than all previous optical observatories together. In Xataka | Caltech has published the “stronger” tests that there is an unknown planet in the solar system

Bill Gates and Linus Torvalds had been rivals for 30 years. The funny thing is that they have just known and a selfie has been made

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Being fond of technology between the late 90s and the first years 2000 implied Be a witness of a fierce War of sides Among the supporters of Windows, Macos or being an alternative “outsider” that renegated both (and even Graphic environments) and hugged free software from the hand of GNU/Linux. As standards of each of those sides: Bill Gates, Steve Jobs and Linus Torvalds. Between Bill Gates and Steve Jobs there has always been a certain Love -od relationship What He led to collaborate and throw yourself The hit to the head recurringly. However, after more than three decades dedicating expletives, we have had to wait until 2025 so that Bill Gates and Linus Torvalds are face to face and appear together (and well avenues) in a photo. A historical encounter between two legends Bill Gates has defended throughout his career the right of developers to license your programs I already charge for them who uses them. For its part, on the opposite side, Linus Torvalds bet on a Open and collaborative modelin which each user can adapt their tools to their measure freely. Bill Gates and Microsoft. Linus Torvalds and Linux. Both represent the different ways of understanding the evolution of computer science in the last three decades and, despite being the main protagonists and flag bearers of the most fierce dialectical battles In the technology blogs of the 90 and 2000, they did not know each other in person. The person responsible for facilitating the historical meeting has been Mark Russinovich, creator of the popular SysInternals softwarewhich currently acts as Director of Technology (CTO) of Microsoft Azure. Russinovich, always has been very supportive of the Open Source solutions and it was one The drivers of Azure support for Linux. That position has assured him a Good relationship with Torvaldswho accepted the invitation of the director for dinner with Bill Gates and Dave Cutler, one of the main Windows NT developers and Azure promoter. It has transcended very little about what was discussed during the unique dinner, but what has transcended has been the historic selfie that Russinovich did to immortalize the meeting and that he has published in Your LinkedIn profile. It is undoubtedly an unusual image of two staunch enemies for more than three decades, which They just met And they pose with relaxed and affable attitude. Touch the photo to go to the original message Next to the photo, the host could not hide his emotion for having achieved such a milestone: “I had the emotion of my life, organizing dinners for Bill Gates, Linus Torvalds and David Cutler. Linus had never met Bill, and Dave had never met Linus. No important decisions were made about the kernel, but perhaps the next dinner.” Linux very touched and more integrative Microsoft The moment in which it occurs does not go unnoticed either. Linux has gained market share thanks to the proliferation of cloud infrastructure and is already installed in about 100 million equipment (mainly servers), achieving a 4.13% market share. In 2021 and 2022, the system had a 2% share, which has been growing since then. According to data Statcounter, the Windows fee remains in a loaf 70.21%. For its part, Microsoft left behind the times of Steve Ballmer describing “cancer” To Linux. Since the arrival of Satya Nadella to the Microsoft direction, they have been carried out different approach samples between Windows and Linux. One of the most important was the possibility of deploying a Windows subsystem for Linux (WSL) that allows you to execute an environment Linux in Windows computers. Perhaps, as Russinovich said in his post “important decisions were made about the kernel” but, taking into account the attendees of that dinner, they may talk about greater Linux integration On the Azure Platform of Microsoft. Maybe they decide at the next dinner. In Xataka | Bill Gates’ fortune records an unprecedented fact in the last 33 years: Millionaires’ Top 10 ‘has been left out Image | Mark Russinovich

20 years ago the button of a Samsung unleashed madness. So much that Mediamarkt had to take away the battery

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A phone with such a curious button that Mediamarkt had to take away the battery so that users did not abuse it. It is the story of a Samsung proposal born 20 years ago, with a mechanism that aroused the curiosity of anyone who approached this phone. As you collect Xataka mobileit is one more proof of how Samsung has been the king of folding format for more than two decades. Launched in 2004, the Samsung P510 It was a phone Concha typewith double screen (interior and exterior) and a fairly particular characteristic. At that time, Concha type phones were not so different from the folding now: some force had to be made to open them. But Samsung wanted to go further with this particular model, and completely mechanized the operation of the hinge. It was enough to press a button so that the phone opened and closed its upper part, the lid. Being an electronic mechanism, this curious opening-giving was accompanied by an addictive sound. Nils Raetting account, Technological journalistthat there for 2004 he was working on an old German Saturn. Among the most prominent devices in sales in its store, the P510 takes the prize. Raetting reports that the influx of curious who went to the store in order to test the button was high. To this point, that the battery had to be removed from the exposure model so that both potential clients (as simply curious) did not abuse this mechanism. Social networks show Some short videos with the phone mechanismstill functional in several well preserved units. Surprise the speed at which the phone opens and closes, taking into account that we talk about a phone released in 2004. Although the P510 does not enjoy a memory as prominent in memory as other legends in the style of Motorola Razr V3 or the Nokia 6820, Some units are still sold on websites like eBay about 100 euros. We see descriptions such as “completely motorized, weird”, since this is a trend that the rest of the manufacturers did not follow. In fact, Samsung herself continues to bet in the middle of 2025 for the folding format of the shell type on phones such as the Galaxy Z Flip6. A telephone that there is no trace of a similar button, and to which it would not be easy to implement it given the folding nature of its panel. Image | Phonewizz In Xataka | The folding market is completely stagnant. It’s excellent news for Apple

After 15 years with BMW and Japanese motorcycles, I am clear that the next one will be China

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I have been driving motorcycles for more than 15 years and I have seen in the first person how the market has progressed. Being a weekend hobby, I usually change a lot of model, and I have gone through practically all renowned brands: Honda, Yamaha, Kawasaki, BMW, Triumph … I know how to reliable are the Japanese, how expensive it is to maintain a BWM or a TRIUMPh in the official house and also know that Chinese are eating the market. Look at the Chinese market Years ago is looking at a photograph that has little to do with the one now. The introduction in Europe of the latest models of giants such as Voge and Zontes has completely shaken the sales rankings in Spain. And if I am clear about something, sooner or later, I will end a Chinese motorcycle. I’m not alone. Sales data in Spain say everything about the success of Chinese manufacturers: Two of the five best -selling brands in our country are Chinese. Specifically, Voge and Zontes are having simply brutal growth, while European struggle to grow marginally. It is not for less. Both brands are betting on a network of their own dealers (something that can not even afford minority brands, forced to distribute through multi-brands), guarantee above what their rivals and spectacular quality-quality offer. There are Chinese, and there are Chinese. Talking about “Chinese motorcycles” is a little precise generality. Not all point to the same segment, buyer and market. The cases of Voge, Zontes, Benelli or CF Moto are similar: they want to keep the European market, and their product is designed to conquer its consumer. This has led to Premiumization of some Chinese motorcycles, such as VOGE 900 DSX that shares a good part of technology with the BMW F 900 GS. In fact, the motorcycle is born as an agreement between the two brands. And that 900cc engine manufactured by Lancin is no exception, it is the result of an agreement with more than 20 years of history. The price. Chinese motorcycles are mainly conquering for its price. The price of European, Japanese and Italian motorcycles has shot in recent years. A well equipped trail can go to about 20,000 euros, and for 10,000 euros it is difficult to find (buying new). Even segments such as the half -displacement are quite fired: a Honda NX500 (Antigua CB 500 x) costs more than 7,000 euros new. For 500 euros less, Voge offers the 625x with more displacement, more power (there is version A2 if this worries you) and full set of suitcases and top case for 998 euros. They give the insurance, the motorcycle comes with the shell, grill for Top Case, a five -year guarantee to 75,000km, directional flashing, adjustable windshield, HD front camera … it is not since it comes more equipped than the rest of its rivals, it is that there are accessories to which their rivals cannot even access. The guarantee. The first question that may arise when you get a Chinese motorcycle is what happens to the guarantee. Most manufacturers are offering five years (above the three years that the European guarantee marks), with national distribution for replacement pieces. There may be specific pieces that are asked for factory, as in any motorcycle, and there the distribution deadlines will depend on the manufacturer’s agility. The key is that, with a strong commitment to own concessionaires and distribution in Spain, the friction that the use of the guarantee can be minimized. The Peros. The main peros with Chinese motorcycles, at least today, are intangible. Let’s be clear: the main barrier of entry is the prejudice that the motorcycle is China. The motorcycle world is somewhat different from that of the car: it is reigned by Japanese motorcycles that have been building their image decades and demonstrating their reliability. The Chinese motorcycle needs time to prove that it is reliable and that, in case of breakdown, the brand responds quickly. It is something that the Internet will help. It is not too hard to find for Chinese motorcycle forums With about 100,000km (considerable figure for a motorcycle) and without needing more than basic maintenance and spare parts. The fate of the motorcycle industry passes through China and, sooner or later, will be sales leaders in Spain. Image | VOGE In Xataka | 20 years ago, BMW allied with a Chinese giant to make motorcycles. Now, that giant has eaten the toast completely

Vitoria has been the greatest city in Spain for years. Now he has turned against him for a gardener strike

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Vitoria-Gasteiz can boast many things. Of gastronomylandscapes or heritageto quote only a few examples. If something has presumed, however, in recent years the Basque capital is from Green areas. Its city council ensures that the city has 42 m2 of landscaped areas by each inhabitant, allowing it to be sneaking often in The Top 10 of the greatest cities in the country and even won the title of European Green Capital. Now its gardeners have strike and that vast vegetation cover has become a problem. The parks have gone from being a reason for pride to a headache. Vitoria, “Green Capital”. With the global warming Converted into the subject of priority (and recurring) discussion, more and more cities They choose to apply a “green” logic when planning their urban planning. It occurs both in Spain and in other countries, but few cities have taken a step as determined as Vitoria. In Your website The Basque City Council presumes to have 42 square meters of green areas for each neighbor, 171 kilometers of bike lanes, 115,000 trees in streets and parks and a green ring of 33 kilometers with hectares Field. The bet has not gone badly and the city It usually sneaks in The highest of the national top 10 of green cities. The effort has been accompanied in addition to some important international recognitions: the European Green Capital 2012, the Green Ciudad Global 2019 and the Biosphere Responsible Tourism certification. So much so that the city presumes being a “Green Capital”. And the strike arrived. For A few months However, the residents of Vitoria look at that vast green area, which include parks and gardens, but also roundabouts, gutters, alcorques and curbs with some concern. And the reason is very simple: professionals who are in charge of their care are on strike. At the end of March, the Envier Company Committee, the hire of the maintenance of the green areas of the municipality, He summoned a strike for Demand improvements labor. “Their working conditions are absolutely precarious, with salaries that barely reach the minimum interprofession He warned In March, the ELA union on the situation of the 85 employees affected by Envise. The first day of strike the tracking has already been around 90%, according to the workers, and the City Council has found that its municipal gardeners template It falls short to assume the management of all parks and gardens. “It is a risk”. Three months later and despite the Mediation attempts Among the parts involved, the gardener strike is still underway in Vitoria to desperate the authorities and neighbors. Its acts of fact were noticed very soon. Without pruning, irrigation or stubble withdrawal, the vegetation of the city has faded … with all its consequences. In May Antena3 He informed Already with grown weeds, plants more than a meter high in the gardens, green on the sidewalks and even the appearance of insects, including ticks and mosquitoes. “The presence of fleas and ticks begins to be common and is a health risk,” Recognize to Basque chronicle Rafa Busto, member of the ELA union. To the weed, the carelessness of the parks and the risk of bites is also added another handicap: a much harder year than usual for the allergic to the pollen. After three months of strike, the City Council has also found that the news has climbed nationally and Furibunda complaints of its citizens. “Threatens lives”. The situation has reached such a point that a few days ago the Basque Government ordered to the gardeners who guarantee minimum care of the green areas. The decree has served to The seasons come back to the parks of Vitoria, but has further walked the spirits. The syndiacts already They have warned that will resort to an order that, they insist, “condition the strike”; and the reports of the transport and firefighters service in which the Executive has been supported to make its decision stands out for its forcefulness, warning of serious risks. “The lack of clearing threatens lives, properties, infrastructure and public health, in addition to overflowing emergency services,” They warn Firefighters in their analysis. In a similar line, the traffic service warned that in some areas of Vitoria the vegetation has been felt so much that it has gained height that prevents traffic or traffic light signals. More vegetation, many more flowers. Not all the effects of the strike are negative or all see them with the same eyes. The rains and the fact that the bushes grow at ease has led certain areas of Vitoria to have seen a floral explosion, to the joy of botanists and biologists. “The flowers that we previously considered very rare, today we found them almost in any split”, Point out Gorka Belamendia, of the Center for Environmental Studies, in the SER. “If plants are allowed to develop, biodiversity is multiplied: insects and invertebrates especially,” coincides in The country Pello Urrutia, president of the Alavés de la Nature Institute (Ian). Irene Zúñiga, doctor in urban architecture, even He went further When assessing the effects of the strike: “All botany schools should be here, taking out inventory.” Images | RDA SUISSE (Flickr), Euskadi.eus and Mariya Prokopyuk (Flickr) In Xataka | The most unknown language in Spain is in danger. The 500 gypsies who speak it just want them to leave them alone

Your mobile will be updated for five years from today. It is not as beautiful as it seems

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The day came. As of today June 20, the European Union forces all mobiles sold in the region to receive Software updates for at least five years. This measure is part of the regulation that includes other regulations such as the Energy labeling. The idea of ​​offering more years of updates is to end programmed obsolescence and extend the life of the devices, but if you are imagining a world in which your entrance range android is updated to five complete versions of Android, we have bad news. What the law says. The norm is one of the measures collected in the Regulation (EU) 2023/1669 of the commission of June 16, 2023 and will affect both smartphones and tablets. The text collects a specific section about the system updates where the following obligations for manufacturers are established: The devices will have to be updated for five years from the date of their departure to the market. The updates will be free. There are three types of updates: security, corrections and with new functionalities. The security and corrections updates, the maximum margin to reach the user will be four months. Functionality updates will have to arrive before six months. The nuance. Yes, manufacturers will be obliged to offer five years of updates, but the law does not force them to be all new versions of the platform. For example, the first two years could offer complete updates and the remaining three support with security patches. Therefore, we must not confuse these five years of updates with having the latest version of Android during that period. Who will benefit. Does this change the update panorama? Depends. In iOS, not because Apple usually updates its mobiles between six and seven years after launch. In the case of Android, they will have benefited, especially in the lowest ranges. In 2018 Google began to demand manufacturers to offer At least two years of support if they didn’t want to lose the Google Apps licensebut so far there was no express obligation and the cheapest mobiles are the ones that left worse. Fragmentation is the eternal problem in Android And, although this law will not solve it, it will ensure that they receive the security patches that will make them less vulnerable. The duties made (half). There are many brands that already meet the regulations such as Apple. In Android there are also manufacturers that offer good support, although not in all their ranges. Some time ago we saw how several brands began a kind of Pique to see who offered more years of updates. This is what the main Android brands offer: Objective: Durable mobiles. Within the regulations that enter into force there are other measures focused on increasing the longevity of our devices in what they call ‘ecological design regulations’. The main measures are as follows: Facilitate repair: Manufacturers will be obliged to offer spare parts for seven years and must be easy to get and mount. To do this, they mark a series of requirements such as the parts are delivered in less than ten days or that can be mounted with tools available in the market (this would end the own screws). More resistant mobiles: With these regulations, mobile phones must be resistant. Which includes enduring up to 45 falls at a height of 1 meter, which resist scratches (they must have a hardness of 4 on the MOHS scale) and be resistant to water and dust (equivalent to an IP43 scale) Durable batteries: The battery is one of the components that Before degrading. With this standard, manufacturers must ensure that battery capacity is 80% or more after 800 load cycles. Energy label. Finally, one of the novelties that includes regulations is energy labeling. Until now we found them in appliances, but as of today we will also see it in mobiles and tablets. The label will show the energy scale (being the most efficient and g the least efficient). It will also include other information such as the full name of the model, battery autonomy (hours that will last each cycle), the repair index and its resistance. Cover image | Ricardo Aguilar, Xataka In Xataka | ATMs and Amazon are on the edge of a small major revolution in Spain: the accessibility law

The hunt that still resists in Iran more than 40 years after his arrival. It is not Russian or Iranian. It is the American F-14

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While the missiles cross the air between Israel and Iran, the Israeli Air Force has confirmed A new attack on facilities close to Tehran. According to its version, among the objectives there were at least a couple of fighters F-14 Tomcat. In one of the available videos, the impact on what would be one of the few units that are still in service, almost half a century after having been manufactured. That an American hunt retired in 2006 Keep flying today in one of Washington’s great adversaries is no accident. The explanation is in the convoluted – sometimes contradictory – that history can be. An order, a revolution and a war The History of F-14 in Iran begins in the 70s. The SHA, still strategic ally of the United States, decided to incorporate Dozens of Tomcat fighters to its Air Force, in a military package valued at approximately 2,000 million dollars. To do this, he sent his pilots to train in California. But everything changed in 1979, with the Islamic revolution. The relationship between Iran and the United States deteriorated quickly. Ayatolá Ruhollah Jomeiní ordered the arrest of many of those pilots and left the F-14 on land. But the situation took a new turn in 1980, when Iraq invaded Iran. The authorities decided to free the aviators, and began a career to counterreloj for reactivating a fleet for which there were no longer spare parts. An Iranian pilot next to an F-14 Now, keeping an F-14 in flight is not an easy task. Every flight hour required many more maintenanceand many of its components were impossible to manufacture locally. No access to Western technology, Iran resorted to smugglers, to the black market … And also, in a maneuver as surprising as documented, to the United States. During the 80s, within the framework of the scandal Iran-contextsthe Ronald Reagan administration He secretly authorized The sale of weapons to Tehran in exchange for the release of hostages. Iranian Tomcats equipped with multiple missiles in full flight Today, almost half a century after that SHA request, the F-14 Tomcat It continues to appear In Iran. There are no official figures on how many are or how many are really operational. Some have seen in parades. Others, in blurred videos. And now, according to Israel, at least two would have been destroyed in a recent attack near Tehran. Israeli Air Force announced the impact on Iranian F-14 with this publication That an F-14 is still present in 2025 is not just a technical rarity. It is a string of how convoluted the story can be. A hunt designed for US carriers, designed to face the Soviet Union and retired almost twenty years ago, still appears – in one way or another – in one of the most serious military tensions of the moment. Tomcat was a technological feat. But he is also an unlikely survivor: he went from ally to enemy, he sustained thanks to improvised engineers, to clandestine networks, and the carelessness of those who tried to leave him on the ground forever. Images | Nasim News Agency | Iriaf | Shahram Sharifi | IIAF 2 US Navy (via Wikimedia Commons) In Xataka | If the question is how much the iron dome of Israel can endure, the answer is simple: much more than Iran’s defenses

How to request the 400 euros to buy music, video games and subscriptions if you are 18 years old

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Let’s explain How to request the Young Cultural Bonus of 2025the new edition that offers those who turn 18 a credit of 400 euros that can spend on cultural products. He Young Cultural Bonus It was launched in 2022 to bring young people closer to the cultural sectors punished during the pandemic, but since then it has been maintained. We are going to start the article telling you what this bonus is and all the details, specifying what money will be spent. Then, we will explain what the process you must follow to request it. Finally, remember that in addition to turning 18 in this 2025, the aid is aimed at young people from Spanish nationalitythose that have legal residence in Spain, and asylum seekers, temporary displaced or extended foreigners. What is the young cultural bonus The young cultural bond is the help that is given every year Young people who turn 18. Come on, that they are going to give 400 euros to all those who fulfill the age of majority in 2025. This money is not to spend where they want, but for the acquisition of products, services and activities related to the world of culture. This aid was born to finance and revitalize the Spanish cultural sector after the quarantines of the COVID-19, although once they return to normal they have been maintained. It is not known for how long this cultural bonus will exist, because it is something that is approved every year. It is an indirect help, so that instead of giving money to establishments without more, young people are given to consume the culture they want in pre -established cultural products. This part is important: you will not spend the help where you want or all the money on a single type of product: The 400 euros are distributed in three types of productsand in each of them you can spend a maximum of this bonus that has been given to you. Nor can you spend it anywherebut in establishments that have adhered to the program. Help is only for those who turn 18. Therefore, it will only benefit those who have Born in 2007while people and young people of other ages cannot benefit. Only those who turn 18 during this 2025. In addition, it will be necessary to have Spanish nationality or Aid management is centralized to a website, in which young people can request the bonus. And then, In your city you will see what establishments participatesince they usually put in the showcase that they accept cultural bonus, and you will know that you can spend the money there. What can the bonate be spent As we have told you, You cannot spend all the help on the same type of product cultural. You are 400 euros, but these are distributed in different types of products in which you will be able to make the expenses. Here you have the list with the specific product types: A maximum of 200 euros in live arts, cultural heritage and audiovisual arts: This will be distributed between entries and subscriptions for performing arts, including live music, cinema, museums, libraries, exhibitions and scenic, literary, musical or audiovisual festivals. Also for bullfighting shows. A maximum of 100 euros in cultural products in physical support: This will be distributed among books, magazines, press and periodic publications. It can also be spent In video gamesmusical scores, Vinyl discsCD, DVD or Blu-ray. A maximum of 100 euros in digital or online consumption: This will be distributed between subscriptions and rentals to musical platforms, reading or audiolecture, audiovisuals, audiobook purchase, purchase of ebooks, subscription for podcasts, subscriptions to online video games, digital subscriptions to press, magazines or other periodic publications. Yes indeed, Subscriptions will be limited to a maximum of four months. The purchase of some stationery products such as printed or digital curricular textbooks, in addition to equipment, software, hardware and consumables of computer science and electronics. Nor can you buy musical instruments, go to sports shows, or buy pornographic material. And the last condition is that You can only use the bonus in certain establishments or institutions attached to the program. These businesses must operate within Spain or exercise activities for sale or made available to cultural products, activities and services. How to request the Young Cultural Bonus 2025 To request the young cultural bond of this 2025 you have to enter its official website, which this year is beneficiaries. 2025. Bonoculturajoven.gob.es. which is the officer of the program. In it, click on Registerand create an account using your email and a password. Once you have registered, on this same website you can log in with your created account. Once you have created your user and password, you will get an email with a confirmation link, and you must press it to complete the process. Once you do it, click on the button Request bonus That will appear. The first time you do you will have to verify your information and age using the Digital certificate either Cl@go. Then, you will have to fill in the rest of your main data. Once you have done this, you can Choose how you want the cultural bond. The simplest thing is to have a virtual card that you can add in Google Pay or Apple Pay to pay with the NFC of the mobile, although you will also have the possibility of requesting a physical card. When you finish the configuration, you will have to verify your application using Autofirms. Once you have everything, remember that you will only be able to use this balance that is given in the establishments attached to the bonus program. Besides, You will have to raise all the receipts from your purchases To the program’s website to verify them, and it will be then when you get money. In Xataka Basics | How to request the discount of the young summer 2025: What do you need and step by step for bonds of up … Read more

Our reservoirs have a serious structural problem. And experts have been warning us for years

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Drought has been one of the recurring themes of recent years. Both the lack of rains and their diverse consequences have more than a five years in the informative agenda. That is why the question of how much water we have left has asked Very diverse ways. There is only one problem: we are not really able to answer it. Moreover, what we know that our water reserves They are usually below what the data indicates. The reason is in something as natural as erosion and sedimentation processes, but its consequences They have been worrying the experts for years. Throughout their channel the rivers transport small particles of rock and organic matter that tend to accumulate at certain points of the route, either on the river bed, in river deltas or in its meanders. The reservoirs are another of the auspicious places in which the water tends to “release” these particles. The swamp floor Thus tends to accumulate sludge. The first problem that this generates is the loss of swamp capacity. The higher the volume of this occupied by sediments less is the amount of water it can store. The second problem is that we do not know exactly how the sediments accumulate in each swamp since it can vary depending on the characteristics of each basin and each reservoir. If we don’t know how many sediments we have, we can’t be sure how much water we have left. The weight of the terrams Estimates on the weight of the terrain, which is how this accumulation of sediments is known in the reservoirs, vary. A Batimetry Study made in 2018 For the Tajo Hydrographic Confederation in the Entrepeñas and Buendía reservoirs, he estimated that the accumulation of these sediments was insignificant. At the opposite end, Another batimetry studyis made by the Segura Hydrographic Confederation, estimated that its reservoirs could have lost between 10 and 40% of its capacity due to the incidence of this phenomenon. They highlighted the case of the Lorca reservoir, built at the end of the 19th century, which would be at the upper end of this fork. Estimates made for the whole Spanish reservoirs are limited. A study conducted from 110 reservoirs estimated that The loss of capacity could be around 5%. José Luis Casamor and Antoni Calafat, from the University of Barcelona, They warned in 2018 that uncertainty was high in this estimate, since the possibility of extrapolating the results of this study to more than a thousand remaining reservoirs was limited. This is a problem on which experts carry years warning. The study carried out in the Segura Basin, for example, was carried out in 2017, while Casamor and Calafat’s work was published in 2018 in the publication Earth and technology of the ICOG (Illustrious Official College of Geologists). In a second article (also published in 2018) in The conversationCasamor explained that that of terraces was a problem with “faces and difficult execution” solutions “. Cleaning the sediment reservoir bed is an arduous task that requires the emptying of the reservoir, something that can be even more complicated in old reservoirs, explains Casamor. Prevention is a better option for this expert. This is to incorporate knowledge about the accumulation of sediments in the infrastructure design process. Another inclusion of dikes prior to the reservoir may contain the sediments up so that they do not accumulate in the reservoir. Other proposed measures to contain the sediments upstream include reforestation. The plants contain the erosion of the soil, which makes less particles reach the rivers and from there to the reservoirs. In this sense, rural abandonment has also been indicated as partial responsible for the situation. The fires also contribute to the arrival of sediments to the channels, so the fight to contain them can also contribute their grain of sand. In Xataka | The time of truth of the Spanish reservoirs: how are they going to endure the heat after rains that has left them overflowing Image | Ray Raimundo

The hotels have been asking for years and photocopying our ID when doing check-in. They cannot and should not do it

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“The DNI, please.” That is the phrase with which they usually receive the receptions of hotels and lodging when we register in them. In many cases these hotels not only prove our identity, but even photocopy that document. It is something that we will see this vacation very much, but the AEPD just ratified a warning that already made months ago. Of photocopy of the DNI, nothing. The Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEPD) has published a note in relation to the “application for copies of identity documents in lodging.” In it he explains how current laws for hotels and lodgings do impose certain obligations by registering travelers, but Your conclusion is clear: “A copy of the identity document should not be requested.” What does the law say. He Royal Decree 933/2021of October 26, specifies the documentary registration obligations in lodging activities and motor vehicles. According to this law, those responsible for those businesses – for example, hotels’ receptionists – are obliged to collect certain data from natural persons who use their services, prior to those start of those. ” It is true that they must check the identity, but from that to ask us for the ID to photocopy it half a world. The DNI provides too much information. In fact, according to the AEPD, “request a copy of the National Identity or Passport document violates the principle of Data minimization (…) And it is an excessive data processing. “The ID contains more data than hotels need to comply with the regulations, but there is also another danger. Identity Supplant. That in the hotels someone makes a photocopy of our DNI “implies, among others, an unnecessary risk of impersonation of identity, which must be avoided or, at least, effectively mitigated,” they explain in the statement. It is something that can effectively generate a real threat to people who end up becoming victims of scams. That is why police itself recommends that when they ask us for a copy of the ID – for example, for online efforts – Let’s modify it before sharing it. And a copy is not suitable. In the AEPD they explain that sending a copy of the identity document is not even adequate because that copy “lacks sufficient suitability to comply with the purpose of the norm.” A Enough form. In the AEPD they point out that Royal Decree 933/2021 requires very specific data (indicated in sections A.3, A.4, B.3 and B.4 of Annex I), namely: Name, surname Sex Identity and type document number Nationality Birthdate Usual residence address (town, country) Fixed / mobile phone / email Number of travelers Kinship relationship between travelers (if there are minors) Date of the contract, and of the entrance and exit Payment data (type of payment, holder, payment date) And all these data can be provided by completing a form, which can also be done online through the Internet or in person in the lodging. The hotel can check the data. In the establishment where we stayed, it would no longer be necessary to make a photocopy of the ID: “It could be enough to visually verify the correspondence between the data provided and the identity document exhibited.” There are in fact other options that the AEPD indicates for that data validation: Through digital certificates Through the data associated with the means of payment used Sending host security codes so that they use them as authentication factors If you share the ID, do it with a water mark. There are very easy ways to add water marks to the document if we have to share it with anyone. One of the most striking is Saferlayera tool that It can be used directly from a browser and “modifies” the ID by adding an unequivocal pattern that makes it clear that this document is a copy and that it still allows you to consult the DNI data. There have already been fines. The AEPD has been pronouncing on the cases in which various entities request photocopy of the DNI. He did it for example in the case of Messaging companiesand it has been warning about the practice that is already common in photocopy hotels. However, there have been fines to companies for requesting these copies unnecessarily. It happened at the Marins Playa Hotel, to which he fined With 30,000 eurosand also to Orange, who received a fine of 100,000 euros for the practice of confirming the identity of customers during package deliveries and photographing the DNI on both sides. In Xataka | I’m sorry, I’m not going to sign the box of my personal data

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