Japanese

The Japanese “johatsu”, when life is so unbearable that you erase your trace from the Earth

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When we Westerners observe the Japanese people, their habits and cultural solutions that clash with our way of life, we usually come up with an explanation: shame. If Christianity has been based on the management of guilt, the East draws on shame and honor as a motor of action. The literature has made us believe that the code bushido or “path of the hero” that marked the life of the samurai in the 11th to 14th centuries is found buried in many of the behaviors which, seen from thousands of kilometers and 700 years later, seem amazing to us. We have previously talked about karoshithat involuntary suicide of many of its workers due to work pressure out of a feeling of duty towards the company and society. We also know their tendency towards seclusion and detachment, as practiced by otaku or the hikikomoris. Today it is the turn of the johatsu (蒸発), or “evaporated people”, as the Government describes them. It is a solution that many of us have thought about applying at some point, and have even dared to explore certain works popular. Become a johatsu is to lose your identity. Your family, your job, your name. All. You become a ghost for the State, all your trace is erased and you renounce your previous life to embrace a new and marginal one as you can no longer endure the pressure that presses you. According to estimates, 100,000 Japanese a year have become johatsu in the last 40 years. How to collect a report from the Japanese policethe “faded” became a social problem starting in the 70s that had to be regulated. Some cases had already been known since after the Second World War, and following a famous event in the 60s that found a film adaptation in 1967 and a ballad performed by Ken Yabukithe term, the idea, became popular. And what pressure leads these people to leave everything? According to the statistics and testimonies collected, a good part of them succumb to work overwhelm or the shame of having been fired, something that they are unable to communicate to their loved ones. Also in many cases they are members of families who have contracted big debtseither due to gambling addiction or ruinous businesses. There are people who mysteriously, and without any justification, decide to sacrifice themselves socially. An important part of the disappearances, approximately one in five cases, has to do with gender violence: since the State was not committed (nor does he commit) to fight against these abuses (until 2001 the law dictated that the most that could be done was ask husbands to be more respectful with their wives) many women began to leave their families to live in poverty. Because that is the new life that many of its protagonists must face. The neighborhood of Kamagasaki Osaka and San’ya of the outskirts of Japan no longer appear on maps. In fact, their nomenclaturesand, if you ask for their address, many Japanese pretend to be Swedes. It’s not that they don’t know what you’re talking about, but it is an unpleasant reality that is better not to face. Men and women who disappear because of the shame they carry on their shoulders. Families who, in turn, and when they suspect that the member who has disappeared has done so of his own free will, do not report it to the authorities because they feel the same fear of being criticized by society. This is confirmed when it is verified that according to official Government statistics, only 2,000 people disappear a year without leaving a trace or without returning after a few months of his journey. According to the Japan Missing Persons Search Support Association, these figures are strongly under-representative of reality, closer to those 100,000 disappearances annuals that we pointed out at the beginning. Those close to a johatsu They do not usually warn the authorities. But, if they have sufficient funds and a genuine interest in regaining contact with the person, they do request the services of companies or private detectives. Since Japanese laws strongly guarantee the privacy of citizens (they require keeping someone’s whereabouts secret even in front of their families unless criminal complaint), it is easier to go to these agents. In practice, many spouses, children, siblings or parents let it be. They do not want to hear from the person who has left their life again. So, to the particularity of that administrative silence that characterizes Japan, is added that structure that protects the “ghosts“. The existence of these neighborhoods allows them to find a way to survive. “There, the Johatsu They live in tiny hotel rooms, often without Internet or private bathrooms,” as Léna Mauger, journalist and writer for a book focused on the lives of these people. Back in the years of the Japanese miracle, between the 60s and 80s, San’ya was the home of thousands of day laborers in industrial and mechanical jobs. The blue-collar workers who were eclipsed in terms of State recognition by their white-collar compatriots. They were informal, masculinized jobs, without great pay but that in most cases allowed these citizens to survive and sometimes, if the person affected was skilled, save a little money with which to return to society. As masculinized communities that they were, alcoholism, gambling and homelessness began to proliferate. Many never managed to overcome their addictions and harmful behaviors. The mafias began to take sides, owing their people. Today some NGOs enter the district daily to distribute food. Many residents live so precariously that they were considered dead in life. The “ghost” life that is about to fade away As technology advances, the jobs that support its population become scarcer. Added to this are two other problems: for tax purposes, and so that the debts incurred do not become a burden, since 2015 the country has been starting to track more harshly to its members. As real estate pressure increases, less well-regarded neighborhoods begin to gentrify. It is possible … Read more

The greatest Japanese military taboo after the Second World War has just been blown up. China and North Korea are to blame

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In 1945, Japan emerged from World War II with a new Constitution that, in practice, prevented him have again offensive aircraft carrier. Eight decades later, one of its largest ships is once again preparing to operate fighter jets from the deck alongside the US Marines. Japan leaves its historical limits behind. Japan is entering a military phase that for decades avoided describing openly. He “Kaga”officially classified as a helicopter destroyer, will operate in June F-35B stealth fighters of the US Marine Corps in joint exercises that definitively bring the country closer to a light aircraft carrier capability. The gesture is much more important than it seems because it breaks a deeply rooted political and historical barrier since World War II: the idea that Japan should strictly limit its offensive capabilities. Tokyo continues to avoid the term “aircraft carrier,” but operational reality is beginning to look more and more like classic shipborne aviation. The Kaga and a return. The transformation of the “Kaga” and its twin “Izumo” It has been underway for years, but now it is entering the truly decisive phase: operate fighter aircraft fifth generation from deck in real conditions. The planned exercises with the US F-35B will include “cross-deck” maneuvers, where Marine aircraft take off and land from a Japanese ship. all this requires modifications depth in the deck, thermal resistance to withstand vertical landings and new coordinated procedures between pilots, sailors and technical personnel. Although Japan has placed the F-35Bs under the control of its Air Force and not the Navy, the practice brings the country enormously closer to having fully functional small aircraft carriers. A US Marine Corps F-35B lands aboard Kaga during training exercises in 2024 China and North Korea behind. The great driver of this transformation is the deterioration of the strategic environment in the Indo-Pacific. China multiply your pressure naval around Taiwan and the East China Sea as North Korea maintains a constant capacity of military destabilization. In this context, Tokyo needs to disperse its air capacity and reduce dependence on vulnerable ground bases. There the F-35B enters: a fighter capable of taking off over very short distances or landing vertically from relatively small decks. For Japan, this offers enormous flexibility in an archipelago full of islands and long sea distances. Each converted ship expands the number of platforms from which the country can project air power. USA as accelerator. The direct involvement of the US Marine Corps makes clear the extent to which Washington is acting as an accelerator of Japanese military transformation. The Marines already made the first historic landings on the “Izumo” in 2021 and since then they have accompanied practically all phases of the program. The “Kaga” even traveled to the United States for specific tests with F-35B and has already operated alongside British and American aircraft linked to the aircraft carrier HMS Prince of Wales. More than simple maneuvers, these exercises serve to integrate allied doctrines, logistics and procedures in a possible regional crisis scenario. The Indo-Pacific is filling up. The change also reflects a broader trend: the proliferation light aircraft carrier and ships capable of operating F-35Bs throughout the US allied network. United Kingdom, Italy, South Korea and potentially Spain sfollow similar paths to maintain embarked aviation without the need for gigantic nuclear supercarriers. He F-35B It has thus become the centerpiece of a new generation of medium navies capable of projecting air power from relatively compact platforms. Japan fits that model perfectly, especially in a scenario where war in the Pacific could force aircraft, ammunition and fuel to be dispersed across multiple moving points. The real test begins now. Until now, much of the Japanese program had still been experimental or symbolic. The real test begins with regular operations, long deployments and the ability to sustain stealth fighters on deck for weeks. That is where it will be measured if the “Kaga” It definitively ceases to be a “helicopter destroyer” to become, in practice, a a light aircraft carrier fully operational. And there, too, the most profound change is perceived: Japan is gradually leaving behind the defensive military culture to adapt to an increasingly Indo-Pacific more militarizedcompetitive and unpredictable. Image | hunini In Xataka | Japan has just crossed a line unprecedented since World War II: China has responded with supersonic missiles In Xataka | Japan has made a historic decision in the face of US uncertainty: deploy missiles that reach North Korea and China

neighborhoods with more Chinese than Japanese

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At the beginning of 2025 there was any clue in various enclaves of Japan. It is true that the nation is going through a tourist period as is not remembered in the country, and that the Lunar New Year had increased the volume of travelers a little more, but among the hordes, one flag stood out from the rest: China. And not only because of the number that arrives in Japan, but because of the number that is staying, in principle, forever. A life without Japanese in Japan. It Nikkei counted. Japan is experiencing a demographic transformation and notable cultural development with the proliferation of new neighborhoods with a strong Chinese presence, in which migrants are the majority and can live, work and socialize practically without need to speak japanese. One of the epicenters of this phenomenon is the area northwest of Ikebukuroin Tokyo, where a kind of “New Chinatown” which has supermarkets, restaurants, technology stores, pharmacies and services designed especially for the Chinese community. Over there, residents like Tangan editor who has lived in Tokyo for three years, claim that they can do everything from their mobile phone with the help of compatriots, without facing linguistic or bureaucratic barriers. This environment, which some call the “Chinese economic zone” within Japan, allows migrants to maintain cultural and social ties without disconnecting from its origin. From the center to the suburbs. The phenomenon is not limited to the center of the Japanese capital. Communities like that of Kawaguchiin the saitama prefectureshow how this network has expanded to the suburbs. In the housing complex Kawaguchi Shibazono Danchihalf of the 2,454 units are inhabited by chinese families. The surrounding area has been transformed into an environment completely adapted to the needs of this population: with children’s schools, shops, restaurants and drugstores operated by Chinese, all labeled in their language. In this regard, residents as Zhang Min and Wang Youkun They highlight how the growing presence of compatriots has made mastery of Japanese unnecessary, making daily life easier and fostering roots. Even former residents, like Liu Baocai, who started in these complexes, are acquiring single-family homes in the same city, a sign that many migrants are choosing to settle permanently in Japan. Demographic replacement and aging. One of the nation’s current problems is we have been counting for months: the aging population. Therefore, the social reconfiguration we are talking about is being especially notable in areas where the Japanese population has decreased due to this aging and low birth rate. In Kawaguchi, once-full schools have closed, and the remaining, mostly elderly, Japanese residents watch their neighborhoods transform in Chinese communities. He Tetsuya Mashimo casean 86-year-old man who has lived in the complex since it opened in 1978, illustrates this transition: he says that his neighborhood “has completely become a Chinese housing complex.” Still, the city faces a growing tension between Japanese residents and foreigners, related to non-compliance with coexistence rules, lack of knowledge of the language and precarious housing conditions that make it difficult for official notifications to reach their recipients. Mihama and Warabi: new “Chinese”. Other areas such as Mihamain Chiba, and Warabihave also seen a notable increase in their Chinese population, driven by accessibility to central Tokyo and the low cost of living. In Warabi, the Chinese already represent 8% of the total populationthe highest percentage in the country. Mihama, with about 5,700 Chinese residentshas large housing complexes such as Takasu Daiichi Danchi and Saiwai-cho Danchi, both managed by the Urban Renaissance Agency (UR), which actively promotes the arrival of foreigners with incentives such as the elimination of guarantees, renewal fees or key money. National phenomenon: China in almost all of Japan. At the national level, the phenomenon has spread overwhelmingly. According to one Nikkei researchChinese citizens today reside in 1,603 of the 1,741 municipalities of Japan, which is equivalent at 92%. There are 128 municipalities where their number exceeds a thousand inhabitants, concentrated mainly in the Tokyo metropolitan area, but also in rural areas. In Shimukappu (Central Hokkaido), the Chinese represent 5% of the 1,600 residentsmany attracted by ski tourism. In Sarufutsunorth of Hokkaido, 3.4% are training technicians working in scallop processing. Similar cases are recorded in Tobishima (Aichi) and Kawakami (Nagano), where they integrate into local agricultural and industrial sectors. Permanent residence in 2025. It is the other leg that explains the phenomenon and that we discussed recently. Japan is currently home to about 930,000 Chinese citizensand the sustained increase in those with permanent residence began a year ago (in addition, had become more flexible): almost 350,000 in 2025an increase of 100,000 in just eight years. In addition, Japan has surpassed 4 million total foreign residents for the first time, registering 4,125,395 by the end of 2025, representing an increase of 9.5% over the previous year and marking the fourth consecutive year of record numbers. This change not only reflects numerical expansion, but also a clear trend toward long-term settlement. New generations are being born, growing and building their future in Japan, consolidating a silent but profound integration process. Changes in 2026. Yes, because the political context has taken a radical turn. Since April 1 of this year, they have come into force new evaluation criteria for naturalization that, without formally modifying the Nationality Law, substantially change its practical application: the required residence time goes from five years to approximately ten years. In addition, the Japanese authorities have extended the tax review period: if previously it was enough to prove the payment of taxes for the last year, now it will be necessary to present certificates for the last five years. This represents the opposite change to what the article pointed out. New demographic milestone. Plus: for the first time in nearly 50 years, the number of foreigners of Chinese origin who obtained Japanese nationality exceeded those from South Koreamarking a turning point in the demographic and migratory evolution of Japan. Specifically, more than 3,000 people of Chinese origin obtained Japanese citizenship, topping the list for the first time, … Read more

Japanese scientists have discovered what the clouds of Venus have to do with your kitchen sink

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In 2016, the Japanese Akatsuki mission detected a massive disturbance on Venus which left scientists baffled. For a long time, its origin has been a mystery. However, now a team of researchers from the University of Tokyo has found the answer. An answer that, curiously, has a lot to do with your kitchen sink. Simulations. Through atmospheric simulations and fluid dynamics models, scientists at the University of Tokyo have discovered that a phenomenon takes place in the atmosphere of Venus, called hydraulic jump, which also happens in your sink every time you turn on the tap. You have surely noticed that, right at the point where the water hits the sink, it moves quickly and in a very thin layer. However, a circle is formed whose outer layers are thicker and move much more slowly. In other words, rapidly flowing liquid abruptly slows down and increases in height. The reasons. Initially, when water falls into the sink, its speed is greater than the local speed of the waves that are generated. However, friction with the sink surface slows down the waterso just the opposite happens. As a result, water begins to accumulate, forming a deeper layer that also moves more unstablely. What was seen on Venus. In 2016, a massive disturbance was detected moving 6,000 kilometers wide around the equator of Venus. This, in addition, was moving through the clouds, leaving behind a dark patch of denser clouds. These images taken on August 18 (left) and August 27 (right), 2016, by the near-infrared camera of Japan’s Akatsuki Venus probe, show the clear line of denser (darker) clouds moving across the planet. Special clouds. The clouds of Venuscomposed mostly of sulfuric acid, are an interesting mystery. They are known to rotate very quickly, with a speed 60 times greater than the planet’s own rotation. This, as explained in Universe Todaywould be more or less equivalent to a Formula 1 car circling a bicycle. They are made up of 3 layers, of which only the outermost one is well known. The two innermost ones harbor many mysteries, which is why these scientists have searched there. An unstable wave. In one of these internal layers, something known as a Kelvin wave is formed. It moves east very quickly, but there comes a time when it becomes periodically unstable. At that point, the wind speed slows down, like tap water, and the atmosphere builds up into a thicker layer, like water over a sink. This drastic change causes a powerful upward current of air, which pushes sulfuric acid vapor into the atmosphere, where it condenses and forms that broad wall of clouds that was detected in 2016. other planets. This is the largest hydraulic jump that has been detected in the solar system. However, these scientists believe that, using similar models, perhaps something similar could be detected on other planets. For example, they believe that Mars is a good candidate to host this phenomenon. It would be interesting to check, since Venus is too inhospitable a planet to colonize, but science Yes, he has his sights set on colonizing Mars in the future. Knowing perfectly the mysteries that its sky houses is necessary for the success of this type of missions. Image | MIT/Zeimusu | T. Imamura, Y. Maejima, K. Sugiyama et al., 2026 In Xataka | A green beam illuminated Venus in the night sky. It is not an unknown phenomenon, but it is very difficult to see

“Japanese walks” are much more effective than your daily hour-long walk

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For years we have heard the mantra of 10,000 steps a day as the magic number to stay in shape and keep chronic diseases at bay. However, science has been pointing elsewhere for some time now, such as the need to do strength training, and when it comes to walking, it no longer takes into account how many steps are taken, but rather how are they made. And this is where the “Japanese walk” comes into play. A new system. For friends, ‘Japanese walk’ and for the more technical, known as ‘Interval Walking Training’. A walking system that has been developed by different Japanese researchers and is based on intervals and also on how positive it can be to integrate with the environment that surrounds us. How to do it. The formula to test it is quite simple, since you simply have to alternate 3 minutes of fast walking at 70% of our maximum aerobic capacity with 3 minutes of slow walking at 40% capacity. Although three minutes seems very little, the point here is that we are going to repeat this same thing a total of ten times, until we reach at least 30 total minutes of exercise, changing as we go. And the recommended frequency to obtain results is 4 days per week. There is science behind it. Although it is a technique that is gaining quite a bit of strength in recent months, the reality is that science has been analyzing the impact it has on our health for many years. In this way, in 2024, a study concluded that this method improves glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes through greater glucose effectiveness, and not only due to insulin sensitivity. In 2025, a review also noted that this type of interval exercise prolongs healthy life, preventing chronic diseases, dementia and bone loss, which is especially beneficial in people with low initial levels of bone mineral density. His secret. For us to really see these benefits, the most important thing behind it is adherence. Here technology plays a fundamental role, such as mobile applications that make it easier for the population to follow this routine without depending on in-person supervision by third parties. Something that is ideal especially for older people. Images | pressfoto In Xataka | We have been debating for years whether it is better to go to the gym in the morning or in the afternoon. Physiology finally has the answer

A Japanese store begs its customers to sell it their used equipment.

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Building a computer today is more complicated and more expensive than it was just a few months ago. It is not just that some components are in short supply, but that the market balance has shifted and is directly affecting availability and prices. Memory is one of the best examples of that pressure, and what is happening in that market It’s starting to have knock-on effects.. What seemed like a problem limited to certain user profiles has been gaining scope and can no longer be understood as something isolated. The scene that explains everything. In Akihabara, one of the great electronics and computing centers in Tokyo, a store has decided to do something unusual: ask its own customers to sell it their used computers. Sofmap Gaming posted a message on his X account in which he openly acknowledged the situation: “Gaming PCs, even second-hand, are really out of stock right now.” Next, they launched a direct request: “Please, if you are going to buy a new one, sell us your gaming PC…”. The scene was completed with practically empty shelves and another revealing detail: the store itself assured that it is buying back quite expensively and that it buys practically any PC, whether gaming or not. Click to see the original message in X It is not an isolated case. We are facing the visible consequence of a tension that has been accumulating in the hardware market for some time. First it affected those who assembled their own equipment, with increasing difficulties in finding certain components or assuming their price. Then it began to be noticed in manufacturers and assemblerswho have had to adjust configurations and rely on previous stock to keep up. Now, that pressure has ended up being transferred to the point of sale, where it is no longer just about selling, but also about getting the product. What’s behind the shortage? To understand what we are seeing we have to look at a clear change in the industry’s priority. The explosion of AI has skyrocketed the demand for memory for chips and systems intended for that businessespecially in the data center environment, and that is altering how production is distributed. Part of the problem arises in the most advanced memory used for AI, but its impact ends up spreading to the rest of the market. From Micron they summarized it this way in statements to CNBC: “We have seen a very strong and significant increase in demand for memory, and it has far exceeded our ability to supply it.” Consequences. The pressure on memory ends up trickling down to the devices we buy, whether in the form of higher prices or less ambitious configurations. As we have said, it has already put in the computer industry, but it is also threatening the smartphone sector and the consoles. Without going any further, Sony recently announced an increase of 100 euros on the PlayStation 5. And everything seems to indicate thatCars are not going to escape this crisis either.. Old hardware that is revalued. In this context, what until recently we considered old hardware begins to have a different value. Not because its performance has changed, but because the market around it has. What we have seen in Akihabara is not an isolated anecdote, but a sign of the extent to which availability has become a real problem. When a store asks its customers to sell it their own equipment, what it is showing is that something does not fit into the usual supply chain. Images | Andrey Matveev In Xataka | The price of RAM has skyrocketed and the best example to see the debacle is a 100 euro PC: the Raspberry Pi

Larry Ellison promised them very happy with his new luxury yacht named after a Japanese goddess. Made a rookie mistake

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In the world of technology, there are more or less discreet billionaires and then there is Larry Ellison. He millionaire founder of Oracle has made ostentation his watchword: has a private island (where he wanted to feed the world with a sophisticated 500 million dollar irrigation system), a long list of properties distributed throughout the United States and other countries such as Japan, an exclusive private jetand is also investing in the search for eternal youth. Of course, he also has boats: he currently owns the Musashi, which is his fourth superyacht. Love for ships and Japan. Ellison’s love for the sea dates back to at least the 90s, at which time he even became a sponsor of the BMW Oracle Racingwinner of the 2003 America’s Cup. His current superyacht is 88 meters long, cost him about 160 million dollars in 2011 and its name is clearly of Japanese origin. In fact, it is a tribute to one of the most famous samurai. Its interior also shows Japanese influences. In addition to the Musashi, in its history of boats with Japanese names there is the Sayonara sailboat, with which won several world championships racing, or the 75-meter superyacht Katana. But his first motor superyacht was the Ronin and it cost him some headaches. Ronin It means lordless samurai, but that was not his original name. It was conceived as Izanami. The impressive Izanami. In the late 90s Ellison set his sights on a superb second-hand superyacht called Izanami. Designed by none other than Norman Foster in the early 90s, built at the German Lurssen shipyard and commissioned by a mysterious Japanese businessman, it stands out for its defined geometric lines and its aluminum hull. It combines modernist architecture with great performance: at 59 meters in length, it was capable of reaching an impressive maximum speed of 34 knots. Inside, five cabins to accommodate up to 10 guests and 14 crew members in total. The mistake that no one saw coming. The name chosen by its original owner, Izanami, comes from Japanese Shinto mythology: the goddess of creation and death, consort of Izanagi. On paper, it fits like a glove: it is cultured, it is evocative… it fits for such a superb yacht. Larry Ellison paid 25 million dollars for it and was preparing to enjoy it when, docked in San Francisco Bay, in Sausalito, his name made a splash. If you read the name “Izanami” backwards you find a tasteless surprise: “I am a Nazi”, especially considering the German manufacturing and Ellison’s Jewish origins. Change of name and owner. The tycoon tells it in his authorized biography “Softwar: An Intimate Portrait of Larry Ellison and Oracle” from 2003: “When local newspapers started pointing out that Izanami was ‘I’m a Nazi’ spelled backwards, I had to choose between explaining Shintoism to reporters at the San Francisco Chronicle or renaming the ship.” He did the latter: Izanami became Ronin. Ellison enjoyed the Ronin until 2013, at which time He sold it to the Venezuelan banker Víctor Vargas and this one would later be sold to the Italian businessman Alessandro Del Bonothe CEO of the pharmaceutical company Mediolanum Farmaceutici. Today is for sale for 28.5 million euros. In Xataka | In 1988, Larry Ellison rented a Concorde and filled it with journalists just to say that Oracle 6 was going at supersonic speed. In Xataka | Larry Ellison has overtaken Mark Zuckerberg as the second richest man in the world. Their secret: building a home for AI Cover | Flickr and Lidija Jakovljevic

those who follow this Japanese custom and clean less at home and those who do not

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Everyone does what they want at home, but there are habits that are better than others and customs that, although you may like them more or less individually, may be a cultural custom specific to your region. Without going any further, there is one that raises blisters and that no one is completely clear about: take off your shoes when entering the house. Without going any further, the map that you see below these lines and crowning the article is from Wikimedia: in green, the states that take off their shoes when they get home and in blue, those that do not. We tend to associate this habit with Japan and although it is probably the best-known country where it is applied, it is not the only one. Essentially almost all of Asia takes off its shoes, also North Africa and Canada. The latest Wikimedia map on Which countries take off their shoes at home and which don’t In fact, custom is multicultural and independent. Thus, in Japan they even have an area of ​​the house set up for this purpose, the genkanwith a step called agari kamachi where the sacred limit is established between the “outer world” (dirty) and the “inner world” (clean), as the digital media Nippon explains. In Nordic countries the custom is more related to the weather: moving around the house with shoes full of mud or snow does not seem like the best idea. In the Middle East, the origin points to religion. Without going any further, the Quran has some verses like this from Allah to Moses: “I am your Lord; take off your sandals, for you are in the sacred valley of Tuwa.” The question that bothers half the world: with or without shoes at home? In the discussion forum You can see how some places have changed their tones over the years, such as Middle Eastern countries such as Pakistan or Afghanistan and more recently, the United Kingdom. More than a new custom (although COVID made some hygiene measures stay forever), it is that this habit was probably not well monitored. Although the British case is curious. The world map of the tradition of taking off shoes at home. Seasia.co a few years ago a Reddit thread echoed an original map from Seasia.co (which also had your articlefocused on Southeast Asia) much richer because it goes one step further. It’s no longer that there are places where they take off their shoes and others that don’t, it’s just that there are places where it seems wrong for us to do so. In that small group appear Spain, France, Italy and all of central and southern America. Just the opposite of what happens in the majority of Asia and Africa: if you go to a house there and choose to leave your shoes on following your customs, you will be having a rude gesture. Here the United Kingdom finds its nuance: the norm is to leave your shoes on, but in some homes they prefer to take them off. Shoes yes or shoes no? Leaving aside religious issues and focusing on practice, the reality is that taking off your shoes is a good practice from a hygiene point of view. This study from Macquarie University in Sydney makes it clear: up to 60% of the dust and dirt that accumulates inside a house comes from outside and enters, effectively, through the feet. The pharmacist Álvaro Fernández account in El Periódico de Aragón that “99% of the shoes analyzed test positive for fecal matter” because well, we walk through places where there are traces of excrement and dirt. Microbiologist Jonathan Sexton of the University of Arizona, confirm for Very Interesting the presence in almost all soles of bacteria such as E.coli (present in 96% of cases) and Clostridium difficile. And not only microorganisms: according to The Conversation, Shoes have pesticides from gardens, lead from urban dust and carcinogenic asphalt sealers, all of that goes home. But there is no need to be shocked either: there are fecal bacteria in our mobile and that’s not why we leave it on the doorstep of the house. Simply put: the best way to have a clean house is not to clean, it is not to stain. Prevention is better than cure. Of course, everyone in their house does what they want. In Xataka | The nations of the world and their stereotypes, seen by Japan in this amazing map from 1932 In Xataka | We had suspected for decades that Imperial Japan had a “great Mongolian route.” And finally we have found your maps Cover | Wikimedia

For 45 years we thought we understood how stars like our Sun rotate. A Japanese supercomputer has just cast doubt on it

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Understanding how stars rotate may seem like a technical detail, but it is actually a central piece to understanding their evolution. For 45 years, theoretical models held that Sun-like stars would eventually change the way they rotate as they aged. The idea was that, as it lost speed over billions of years, the spin pattern would reverse and the poles would rotate faster than the equator. Now, new research from Nagoya University suggests that that prediction might not come true. The findings. The work, published in Nature Astronomysuggests that solar-type stars could maintain the same rotation pattern that we observe in the current Sun throughout their lives. That is, the equator would continue to rotate faster than the polar regions even as the star slows down with age. The simulations carried out by the team indicate that magnetic fields play a decisive role and could prevent this regime change that was taken for granted in theoretical models for decades. How a star like the Sun actually rotates. Unlike the Earth, which rotates as a solid body, the Sun is made of extremely hot plasma. That causes different regions to spin at different speeds. In the case of the Sun, the equator completes one revolution approximately every 25 days, while the regions near the poles take about 35 days. This phenomenon is known as solar-type differential rotation. For decades, theoretical simulations predicted that this pattern would not be permanent. As stars age and their global rotation slows over billions of years, the plasma flows within them should reorganize. Predictions indicate that there would come a time when the behavior would be reversed: the equator would rotate more slowly and the poles would rotate faster, a regime that the researchers called differential anti-solar rotation. The unexpected role of magnetism. The new simulations suggest that the scenario predicted by theoretical models for decades may not come to pass. According to the results of the study, stars similar to the Sun would maintain the same type of differential rotation throughout their lives. Even if the star slows down with age, the equator would continue to rotate faster than the poles, rather than reversing the pattern as proposed in previous simulations. A supercomputer on stage. To reach that conclusion, the team turned to FugakuJapan’s most powerful supercomputer, installed at the RIKEN research center in Kobe and operational for shared use since March 2021. With its help, researchers carried out an extremely detailed simulation of the interior of solar-type stars. Each simulated star was divided into about 5.4 billion calculation points, a much higher resolution than that used in previous work. This level of detail is important because previous simulations worked at much lower resolutions. Under these conditions, the magnetic fields tended to disappear artificially within the model, which led to underestimating their influence on the internal dynamics of the star. In the new simulation, however, the magnetic fields remained stable and showed a clear effect: they help prevent the reversal of the rotation pattern. The implications. Understanding more precisely how Sun-like stars rotate is key to interpreting their magnetic activity over time. This aspect is related to well-known phenomena on our own star, such as the approximately 11-year solar cycle that regulates the appearance of sunspots and episodes of magnetic activity. A better understanding of these processes could also help improve stellar evolution models used by astronomers to study distant stars. Images | POT In Xataka | PLD Space has raised 180 million euros with Mitsubishi at the helm: the Spanish space startup grows with Japanese money

the Spanish space startup grows with Japanese money

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PLD Space has closed a Series C round of €180 million led by Mitsubishi Electric. With this injection, the Elche company exceeds the 350 million raised in total and has a clear path to carry out the first demonstration flight of its rocket Miura 5 before the end of 2026. Why is it important. Spain has very few technology companies capable of raising this type of money on a global scale. PLD Space has not only achieved this, but has done so by attracting a top-level Japanese manufacturer that is not coming to make a financial bet but to secure access to launches for its clients in Asia. That difference between a financial investor and a strategic investor changes everything. Between the lines. Mitsubishi Electric has also signed an MOU with Lockheed Martin to collaborate on geostationary defense satellites. That the same week in which he signs that agreement he also leads this round in PLD Space is no coincidence. Japan is building a chain of access to space so as not to depend on anyone, and PLD Space fits as a provider of low orbit launches for the constellation of satellites that that ecosystem needs. For the Spanish company, this means support that goes beyond capital: it is a seal of industrial credibility. In figures: 180 million euros raised in Series C. More than 350 million in total accumulated financing. Planned capacity of 30 launches per year by the end of the decade. The Miura 5 can place up to 1,080 kg in low orbit. Target production: 4 rockets in 2026, 6 in 2027. The context. Europe has had the problem of access to space on the table for years. The delays of Ariane 6 and the dependence on American launchers have made it clear that the continent does not have a mature private alternative. He European Launcher Challengewhich calls for a test flight of a higher-capacity rocket before 2028, has acted as an accelerator for PLD’s roadmap. The company already designs the Miura Nextdesigned precisely to meet that institutional challenge. The big question. PLD Space has proven that it can raise money and that it can fly hardware. He Miura 1suborbital rocket, completed its first launch in October 2023. But the jump to orbital is different. Many launch startups have raised hundreds of millions and have not reached orbit. The real test begins when the Miura 5 takes off from Kourou, whose facilities should be ready in July. Until then, money buys time, but not guarantees. In Xataka | “We are the company that has developed an orbital rocket the fastest”: PLD Space, one step away from making history from Spain Featured image | PLD Space

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