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The potato or tomato. We have just answered a more intriguing question than if the egg or chicken was before

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For those who are not experts in gastronomic history, it is difficult to get the idea of what European medieval cuisine would be like. Today these two vegetables are two of the angle stones of the kitchen, we are in Andalusia or Helsinki, but there was a time when Europeans did not even know their existence. But the story of these two foods goes much further back in time, to an anterior era even to the appearance of the human being. The origin of the potato. Now, a genetic study has achieved Show us the degree of kinship Among the plants that give us the potato (Solanum tuberosum) and the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). The study has indicated that the appearance of the potato was due to the natural crossing between the tomato and another plant called Etuberosum. The analysis has placed this crossing in time: it would have happened about nine million years ago. With regard to the place of origin of this plant, the study has not given any surprise since this crossing would have occurred in South America, the first continent where the potato became a key crop. “Our findings show how a hybridization event between species can detonate the evolution of new features, allowing even more species to emerge,” pointed in a press release Sanwen Huang, member of the study responsible for the study. “We have finally resolved the mystery of where the potatoes come from.” Solanum. The name of both plant species already gives us a clue: the close kinship between these plants had not yet escaped the experts who had classified both species in the genus Solanumthe “type” gender of the Solanáceas family (Solanaceae), family that includes other vegetables such as eggplants and peppers, while plants such as Petunia and The Datura. However, there was something that did not fit into this extensive family and that had been intrigued for the experts for some time. It was in the resemblance between the potato plant and a third species of soanácea of the same genre as the previous ones, Solanum ethuberosum. These plants are apparently resemble the potato plant, however They do not produce tubers In their roots, a fact that confused those who studied this family. Surprise in the family. The new genetic analysis explains that the difference between these plants lies in the fact that, despite the fact that the potato plant is more morphologically similar to Etuberosumit is with the tomato plant that the popular tuber is closely related. 506 Genomas. In his study, the team analyzed 450 genomes extracted from cultivated potatoes and 56 genomes of wild potato species. According to the team, this last part was an important challenge due to the difficulty of obtaining samples of the wild variants of these plants. The details of the study were published In an article In the magazine Cell. More than a family tree. The team also analyzed some key genes for the formation of tubers in these plants, the result of the combination of genetic material from both precursor species. They found, for example, the work of the SP6A gene, which acts as a “switch” that indicates when to start developing these structures and that comes from tomato plants. They also investigated in the IT1 gene, responsible for the growth of these tubers, from the plant side Etuberosum. In Xataka | In Spain of 2024 the tomatoes do not know anything, but in Albacete they live in 2124: welcome to the “Tomafrán” Image | Shalev Cohen / Rodrigo Dos Reis

If the question is whether there is ‘Madridophobia’ in Spain we already have the answer

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Against any forecast and probably for the past of its owners, a year ago the Puerto Martina bar, a small restaurant in Mera (Galicia), became news International scope. They talked about him in the pressin the news and even The Guardian He dedicated him An article. The reason was not his food or how good the reeds threw. No. If the business went viral it is because he announced his decision to close in August to avoid tourists in the center of the country. “If a bomb falls in Mera they run out of dumb on the plateau,” he ironized. The owners of the bar regretted the “prepotency” of certain tourists and claimed to be “fed up from Madrid”. That episode left by throwing a question that is not new … can you talk about Madridophobia In Spain? A percentage: 68.5%. Recently ZITYa company Carsharinga curious challenge was proposed: studying the Madridophobia. Or rather, find out if it exists as such and in that case what is your reach. With that purpose in mid -June he did an interview with more than 1,100 people, he used some INE data and then prepared a broad report of 31 pages in which it describes some keys. The most interesting? That 68.5% Madrid believe that they are treated differently when they go on vacation to other regions of the country. “Like a plague”. It is not the only conclusion of the study. For example, the authors of the report They have proven that 59.5% of the inhabitants of the capital recognize feeling uncomfortable when talking about the “‘Madrid tourism’ as if it were a plague” and that there are even some who choose to hide their origin when they leave home. They are not a majority, but a third of the Madrid admits that it is a practice that they always do, ever or have passed through their heads. The most curious thing is that most tourists who leave Madrid are considered educated and correct visitors. This looks in fact about 53%. When Zity It went further And he asked the Madrid ones if they had ever felt displaced, another surprise was taken: 50.5% replied that. 43% have perceived that different treatment only in some communities, but the remaining 7.5% ensures that it is a usual feeling. Of course that data has another friendly face: 49.5% of Madrid have never felt rejected or marginalized. How do the rest see them? Zity’s study is just that, a study, with his biases and limitations, but it is interesting because he brings a double approach: he shows us how the Madrid feels when they go on vacation to Galicia, Alicante, Balearic Islands, Canary Islands … and how the local population sees them in those places. According to The studymore than a third of respondents (35.5%) believe that Madrid are the tourists who have the worst attitude when they see in other regions, which makes the capital “the place of origin of tourists with worse behavior.” The data far exceeds 21.3% who considers that the most rude tourists are the Catalans or 13.3% of the Andalusians. Going down to detail. If we look at the answers by communities there are more surprises. If we talk only with Gallegos, 53.6% point to Madrid as visitors with the worst attitude of the country. However, Zity’s study has a revealing ‘face B’ again: although many point to Madrid or Catalans as the worst Veraneantes, one in four respondents believe that tourists who worse are behaving during the holidays are the people of their own region. Yes, there is Madridophobia. Another of the revelations of the report is that, indeed, the Madridophobia It seems to be a real phenomenon that is not limited to the perception of Madrid. This is considered almost half of the interviewees (46.7%), especially the residents of Galicia, the Valencian Community and the Community of Madrid itself, which ensure that it is an undeniable problem. Moreover, 45.8% say they have witnessed some negative situation towards Madrid tourists and more than half (51.1%) have seen critical or satirical tone comments on networks about how the Madrid act in summer. They are overwhelming data that collide with another equally striking: 80% of the population that lives outside Madrid believes that it is not different from the tourists of the capital. “Chulo, arrogant and know -otodo”. The hoteliers of Mera who became viral a year ago because of their “fed up” regretted the “arrogance” and “haughty” of tourists. They are not the only ones who seem to comment like this. When Zity asked his respondents what three adjectives better describe the Madrid tourist found a very little edifying list. The most common qualifiers were “chulo” (37.5%), “arrogant” (36.5%) and “knowing” (29.2%). If we expand the list there are other more positive, such as “cosmopolitan” (22.5%) or “sociable” (20.9%). Many respondents had also heard phrases such as “This in Madrid does not happen” (68.5%), “there is no better water than that of Madrid” (64.2%) or comments on “the arrogance” of the Madrid and that everything seems “small or shabby” (64.2%). However, if there is a coletilla that respondents admit to having often heard are “here are those of Madrid” (70.7%), which gives a clear idea of the image they have in other regions of the country. If we talk about Galicia the most widespread topic is that Madrid “park anywhere”, which in coastal areas has resulted in totally flooded cars When the tide goes up. Images | Roberto Faccenda (Flickr) and Daquella way (Flickr) In Xataka | The hoteliers of Mallorca promised them happy. Until Super’s tourists arrived and shared juices

China is building the largest telescope in the world. The question is why he is doing it in secret

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In the select club of first level astronomical observatories, all projects They are advertised to hype and saucer decades in advance. China instead is building a gigantic telescope of 14 and a half meters on the Tibetan plateau without having officially announced it. US suspicions. An article of Wall Street Journal He has raised the hare. A telescope of that size would not only rival the most powerful observatories in the West, but, if it was terminated in time, it would temporarily become the largest terrestrial optical telescope in the world. The question that, according to the Journal, resonates in Harvard’s halls and NASA is not whether they are building it, but why they do it stealthily. The clues that arrive from China. Robert Kirshner, Emerrito Professor of Harvard and leader of the thirty -meter telescope, The American project that Spain now wantsit has been one of the main detectives in this plot. The clues, although discreet, are overwhelming: In January, the state company Nanjing Astronomical Instruments published on social networks that it had gained a tender of 22 million dollars to build the dome of a telescope with a mirror of 14.5 meters In April, some students who visited a scientific institute mentioned in another publication that the researchers had shown them the configuration of the mirrors for a telescope of that same size An outstanding Chinese astronomer declared state media that one of its objectives was to finish “the 14.5 meter telescope” before its retirement Beijing has adopted a low profile. The anomalous thing about this case is that Chinese institutions also do not celebrate their technological sovereignty with the usual triumphalism in this type of project. China, which does not hesitate to celebrate other space milestones, here has opted for a low profile. A clear trace of tenders. Technical documents are scattered, but paint a clear image of an advanced development project. The main test is the tender of its most visible component: the dome. A public announcement of the Chinese Academy of Sciences He was looking for offers for the “Project to Acquisition of the Dome of the Optical/Infrared Telescope of 14.5 m”, with a deadline set for November 2024. On the other hand, a memorandum of China National Astronomical Observatory It justifies the purchase of infrared detectors, describing the project as “a great astronomical telescope to achieve the top of science and technology.” In parallel, published job offers For “the general purpose of the general major caliber in construction in our country.” I even looked for personnel for the system engineering file managementan unequivocal sign that the design phase had given way to the construction. Why not announce it then? Matt Mountain, president of the Aura organization, which manages the Observatorios Hubble and James Webb for NASA, raises two hypotheses. The first is military: A telescope capable of obtaining crisp images of a galaxy to millions of light years can also observe with an unprecedented resolution The spy satellites of other nations in space. The domain of heaven is not only scientific, but also strategic, as We have been seeing in the Earth’s orbit For years. The second hypothesis is a long -term play for technological leadership. Mountain describes it brilliantly: “Astronomy is the entrance drug for science, technology, engineering and mathematics.” Investing in inspiring projects such as a giant telescope is the best way to encourage a whole generation of young people to study Stem races, ensuring that China can overcome the United States in the coming decades. The biggest telescope for a while. To understand the magnitude of this project, you have to put it in context. The Hubble space telescope mirror measures 2.4 meters; The Webb, 6.5 meters. The four largest optical telescopes on Earth are around 10 meters in diameter. If China completes its 14.5 meter telescope soon, it would dwarf all existing observatories until the new generation They will see the light. Precisely these days the thirty -meter telescope (TMT) has been on everyone’s mouth (TMT) that the United States was going to build in Hawaii. After becoming one of the victims of Trump’s science cuts, the Government of Spain has offered 400 million euros To be built on the island of La Palma, in the Canary Islands. Although its final location is yet to be decided. Image | Universidad de Pekín In Xataka | For the first time we have pointed to heaven with a 3,200 megapixel camera. In just 10 hours he has done several years

The age verification to see porn starts in the United Kingdom. The question is how

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There was a time when the user only had to click on the “I am older than 18 years” button to access any porn page without problems. It is a measure whose effectiveness could easily put into question and that, from today, is the thing of the past, At least in the United Kingdom. Because from today, July 25, all websites that house pornographic content will have to implement “strict age controls.” And no, the United Kingdom does not seem willing to walk with little girls. Eh, kid, how old are you? According to exposes OFCOM (the Regulatory Agency for the United Kingdom Communications Services), “Until now it has been too easy for children to see harmful content”, including pornography. According to the agency, 8% of children between eight and 14 access this type of websites at least once a month, although more striking it turns out that 3% of children between eight and nine years old do. To stop this situation, the United Kingdom approved in 2023 the Online Safety Acta set of laws that “imposes a series of new obligations on social media companies and search services, making them more responsible for the safety of their users on their platforms.” Among them, indeed, age verification. Pornhub age verification systems, XVIDEOS, XNXX and Stripchat | Image: Xataka As? Ofcom ensures that their function is not to prevent adults from accessing legal pornography, but preventing minors from doing so. To do this, platforms and apps will have to have an age verification process that is “technically precise, solid, reliable and fair.” What methods exactly? Ofcom proposes seven: Estimation of the facial age: The user shows his face in a photo or video and is analyzed to estimate age. Banking verification: The verification service accesses the bank information and confirms whether the owner of the account is of legal age Digital Identity Services: In the European Union it would be, for example, Eid. Credit card verification: since only of legal age can have a credit card. Estimation based on the age of an email: The user provides an email and the technology analyzes the online services in which it has been used, as banks or public service providers, to estimate age. Age verification through the network operator: The verification system proves that there are no age filters applied to the mobile phone. Comparison of identity documents with photography: A photo of an official document and a normal photo are uploaded and compared to verify the age. Needless to say, companies will not only have to implement these systems, but to take action on the matter in the event that users try to skip them. One of the reasonable doubts can be the use of a VPN To access from another country. Using VPNS is not illegal and, therefore, remains in the hands of parents or guardians control the use that minors can make of them. It is undoubtedly the weak point of the system. The sanctions. In the event that a platform does not implement the required measures, ofcom can impose sanctions of up to 18 million pounds or 10% of total revenues worldwide, which is greater. Moreover, in certain cases, ofcom can ask a court to impose sanctions through third parties AKA request that a telecommunications operator block or restrict access to the web. The challenge is on social platforms, which will also have to implement the necessary measures to avoid access to harmful content Harmful content. Avoid access to porn, yes, but also to the harmful content such as related to eating disorders, suicide or self -inflicted damage. That content is not on the porn websites, but It can be found on much more mundane platforms such as WhatsApp, Discord, Reddit, Instagram, Tiktok, X, Facebook or YouTube. These platforms will also have to implement the corresponding measures, which is a capital challenge whose tour is still to be seen. Among the platforms that have already taken measures are Pornhubother minor pornographic sites, Bluesky, Discord, Grindr, Reddit and X. Ofcom is aware that social networks are an important gateway to porn and He thinks that “algorithms must be controlled and configured for children, so that the most harmful material is blocked.” This is what, from now on, you will see all British users by accessing Pornhub | Image: Xataka Therefore, from the agency they have launched a review program on Facebook, Instagram, Roblox, Snapchat, Tiktok and YouTube. Through this program, ofcom analyzes “if they have effective means to know who their children’s users are; how to identify their content moderation tools the types of harmful content for children; the effectiveness with which they have configured their algorithms to block the most harmful content in the feeds of children; and how they have prevented children from being contacted by unknown adults.” A global trend. Attempts to limit access to porn by minors are not new. They have centuries among usin fact, but in recent years they have intensified. The clearest example has it on our own borders with the Beta Digital Portfolio (better known as “pajorto”) and with the European proposal Framed in eidas2. Cover image | Xataka In Xataka | France is the most radical country against technology among children. And now it plans something extreme: prohibit social networks

If the question is what China is giving Russia in the Ukraine War, we have news: a complete army

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At the beginning of July Bloomberg he took Some documents They showed how a little known firm based in Khabarovsk, at the eastern end of Russia, had emerged as one of the main drone manufacturers of the country. I did it thanks to a dense cooperation network Covering with Chinese companies. Now, Ukraine’s intelligence has shown something much bigger: Beijing is giving Moscow a 100% Made in China complete army. A new generation. The Ukraine Defense Intelligence Directorate (Gur) He has revealed The existence of a new type of Russian decoy drone manufactured entirely With Chinese componentsa disturbing milestone that shows the growing implication of Beijing in the Kremlin war machine. Although for years it is has documented the use of foreign pieces (including Chinese) in Russian arsenalthis would be the first time that an unmanned aerial system used in the Ukrainian front is completely built with technology from a single country: China. Chinese shahed. The drone, of the delta and reduced size, reminds superficially to the Shahed-136 Iranianbut it works mainly as a decoy to saturate Ukrainian aerial defenses, although it can also incorporate an explosive load of up to 15 kilos. The existence of this platform confirms that Russia has not only perfected its saturation tactics With drones, but has also consolidated new technological supply chains that avoid international sanctions. All the components and blocks of the drone are of Chinese origin Commercial components. Of the two drones recovered by the Gur, one of them contained exclusively Chinese pieceswhile the other included two still unidentified components. According to The investigationalmost half of the pieces of the first came from a single company: Cuav Technology Co., a Chinese firm based in Guangdong that It specializes in open source created systems. The components were flight controllers with autopilot functions, navigation modules, antennae and air speed sensors. The most notable is that this company, which in 2022 had publicly announced restrictions on the sale of products both to Russia and Ukraine to avoid its military use, has ended up starring in The technical nucleus of a new Russian weapon. The paradox. The contradiction is even more striking to know that Russia had previously presented a supposedly native vertical take -off drone that turned out to be a direct adaptation of a Cuav acquired product acquired Through Aliexpress. The fundamental difference with the new lure does not lies in the origin of its parts, but that it is now a Russian endogenous production based completely on Chinese technology, not a simple direct purchase. Some of the Chinese components found in a new Russian decoy drone AI and tactical expansion. Chinese involvement is not limited to passive electronics. Ukraine has documented The use of artificial intelligence in Russian drones as the V2Uwhich uses algorithms to Identify and select Objectives autonomously. This drone used a Chinese Leetop A203 minicomputer and a central processor with Jetson Orin de Nvidia module, which reveals a combination of Western and Chinese hardwareused by Russia to incorporate AI capacities in its operations. In addition, Beijing has contributed to the development of fiber optic drones long journey, allowing Russia to extend the scope of these platforms up to 50 kilometers. This technology offers immunity against electronic interference and signal blockages, in addition to overcoming geographical obstacles that limit control via radio frequency. Thus, Beijin has endowed Kremlin with key tools to maintain Your tactical advantageespecially in an increasingly conditioned conflict for The electronic war and the saturation of enemy sensor. Foreign pieces war. We had gone counting In the previous months. Actually, the drone lure manufactured in China is only one more piece within the vast Russian war gear assembled with foreign components. The Gur has recovered multiple Russian arms systems (such as Shahed-136 drones, cruise missiles S-8000 flagcommand vehicles with Radar 9S932-1attack helicopters KA-52 and missiles KH-101) that They contained pieces Native of the United StatesIran, Taiwan, Switzerland, Japan or South Korea. In all cases, the parties escaped the export controls and ended Integrated in armament deployed on Ukraine. Even complete systems have been detected, Like a laser of Chinese origin designed for Brink Ukrainian droneswhose presence in Russia was confirmed after circulating videos on social networks. This transfer, identical to systems already provided By China to Iranreinforces the hypothesis of an active and sustained collaboration between both authoritarian regimes in the development of sophisticated weapons. China and implications. Although Beijing claims to maintain a neutral position before the war in Ukraine, its behavior seems the opposite. Filtered statements This month in CNN they revealed that Foreign Minister Wang Yi confessed to a meeting with the EU Foreign Policy Head of Foreign Policy, Kaja Kallas, which Beijing “cannot accept a Russian defeat” because it would allow the United States to focus their attention on containing China. In private, admitted that a prolonged war could benefit Beijing by distracting Washington from their strategic interests in Asia. This geopolitical calculation does not seem trivial: it reflects that for China, Ukraine is not a secondary issue, but A key piece on the global power board. His strategy seems to focus on keeping Russia sufficiently strong to erode Western influence, without compromising enough to become target of direct sanctions. The axis and the transformation of the conflict. Plus: unlike North Korea support (focused on Artillery, missiles and troops), the Chinese contribution It aims to silently mold the technological architecture of the conflict. The supply of microelectronics, complete platforms, AI tools and critical components has allowed Russia reconfigure your economy In war code and adapt your military industry to resist in the long term. A pattern that suggests that the flow of Chinese technology will not only continue, but will probably intensify, extending, perhaps, throughout the Russian arsenal. With Moscow Diplomatically isolated and financially pressedthe convenience alliance with Beijing is emerging as one of the most decisive variables in the future of war. Image | Gur In Xataka | It is not that the war is asymmetric, is that Russia is attacking with … Read more

If the question is how much money you can donate to a child without declaring it to the Treasury, the law makes it clear: none

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An increasingly widespread trend among millionaires is the Do not leave inheritance To your children. Bill Gates either Warren Buffett There are good examples of this new trend that seeks to convey the heritage of parents to children in alternative ways. However, it is not necessary to go to fortunes so bulky to meet cases of parents who want to convey part of their heritage to their children when they are still young. Patrimonial donations and movable property. According to him Article 618 of the Civil Code“Donation is an act of liberality by which a person has one thing for free in favor of another, that accepts it.” Thus, as defined by the regulations on the Inheritance and Donations Tax, Donating money, goods or any other form of patrimony to children will be considered as a donation by the Tax Agency. That implies that the donation must meet a series of characteristics and pay similar taxes to those that would be paid in case of inheritance without any limit value. Namely: Plusvalía tax, IRPF and Inheritance Tax and Donations. When donating money seems simpler, but Hacienda Vigila. If, as in most cases, the donation consists of an amount of money not very high, temptation is simply giving it to it. But how much money can you give a child without declaring it as a donation? The law does not establish any type of limit that forces donations to declare, so, technically, it would be donation to even give it a euro. However, such and as indicated From lawyers and inheritances, it is not common for the Treasury to pursue the small deliveries of money or gifts of little value. Nevertheless… Finance can request bank information by detecting certain movements due to the regulations of Prevention of capital laundering and terrorism financingso keep it in mind: Income of more than 3,000 euros in cash to review that its origin is justified profits. Income in 500 euros tickets. They are the most monitored tickets by the Treasury because they are used for criminal activities. Entering a large amount of cash in these tickets will sow many suspicions. Recurring income. The entry of a fixed, periodic amount and from the same origin, indicate some type of commercial transaction and the Treasury will show interest in their nature. The small amounts sent to the same account in a short period of time have the same effect Transfers Entities notify the credits of more than 6,000 euros, and transactions of 10,000 euros or more. Whether they are bank transfers and cash movements. How do they pay children’s money to children? Donations, like inheritances, are taxed by the Donation and Succession Tax. Each autonomous community manages this tax under its criteria, so taxation will depend on the Autonomous Community in which the donor has resided in the last five years. Madrid, Basque Country, Murcia, Castilla-La Mancha, Asturias, Balearic Islands, Canary Islands, Galicia, Extremadura, La Rioja and Navarra are exempt from this tax or bonus it to 99.9% for spouses, parents and children. Andalusia bonuses 99% and other communities apply exemptions of up to 400,000 euros. If the donation exceeds that limit, it must be taxed by it. It is not a donation, but I “preside”. If what is intended with donation is to help financially in a complicated stage, there is an alternative to donation: formalize a loan without interest. This assumption is not subject to taxes or expenses and it is only necessary to formalize a private loan contract and the donor will have to submit the settlement of the property transmissions tax at zero cost. However, in that document the deadlines and the way in which the money will be returned, which can be extended both in time as desired, will be specified, which makes it especially interesting for the donation of large sums of money. What if the donation is not declared? If you choose not to declare the donation and hacienda, it detects that money has been received without justifying its origin, it will be interpreted as an unjustified assets. In that case, such and as indicated the OCU, a Taxation of the IRPF to the marginal type that can reach up to 56% of the donated amount, plus the corresponding sanction. In Xataka | Why Millionaires like Zuckerberg and Gates decide not to leave their children with their children? Image | Unspash (Alexander Gray) *An earlier version of this article was published in July 2024

If the question is how long will the teles of our living room grow, the market speaks very clearly: until we have

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The size of televisions carries decades growing at great pace. And how It has happened with smartphones From the first Samsung Galaxy Note, on the sector always plans the question of until when. As in mobiles there are comfort limits in handling and portability, the teles face space limitations in the salons. The market speaks clearly. Based on GFK data, TCL shared a reality from the television market last year: The size of the teles grows 1.2 “a year in Europe. With an average that has gone from 32 “from 2010 to approximately 50” in 2024 (Samsung told us in 2023 that the average size was already in 55 “and that in 2025 the standard could already be 65”). Thus samsung money earns: the secret is on the iPhone The consultant Counterpoint Research He has shared data from the first quarter of 2025 compared to previous years, and the growth has shot: the distribution of televisions of 75 “or more has grown 79 % over the same period of 2024, and the income 59 %. The trend is clear for 15 years. The teles grow 1.2 “a year. Source: GFK The latter indicates a drop in the average price in the giant inches: income does not grow to the rhythm of sales. Also, according to DSCC dataconsultant that now belongs to Counterpoint, in the second quarter of 2024, the televisions of more than 80 “grew 29% compared to the previous year. Samsung saw it clear. In 2018, the company commissioned An Ipsos study where they got interesting conclusions. According to the company, the space of the Spanish halls is not the big problem to which it had signed up before: “87 % of households could have an 82 television”, since that is the percentage of households that are more than 1.6 meters away to the TV, a minimum viewing distance recommended for this size of televisions, according to the ITU-R “. The responses of the population surveyed also left many doubts: 70% of those who had bought televisions contemplated the possibility of buying a larger one, in a context in which 70% of households did not exceed 50 “. The biggest obstacles to buying large -inch televisions were space (50 %of users), the price (39 %) and the viewing distance (16 %). The most interesting is in the first two points. Space is the great impediment, but according to the company there was ignorance about what size is adequate. And the price issue: 39 % did not buy larger sizes due to the pocket cost. Something that we will see that the market is solving. The teles go down, and go down. In this sense, if something teaches us recent technological history, is that Almost everything is more expensive, but the smart TV are given: And much of the fault is the “mother crystal”. Another great responsible is the current strategy of manufacturers and developers of operating systems for televisions, which They have turned the teles into television. The extreme case of this is Tellya free television that the user pays with advertising present on a second screen. In 2017, Juergen Boyny, Global Director of GFK consumption electronics, He told us They calculated that “there will be a screen size limit for most consumers between 75 and 77 inches, and even so, that size will remain as a very specific niche.” Today we know that at least the second is not so. And according to Counterpoint, in the European Union we spend average 536 euros on a TV. Faced with the 20,000 euros of a 77 “TV of less than a decade ago, which we mentioned in Boyny’s article, today there are models for about 500 euros. And the United States indicates where the road is going: Walmart already has 85 “televisions for less than $ 600. The size of the stay has always conditioned what we thought was the optimal size of the TV. But analysts came to say that televisions of 75 “would be niche, and reality has shown not China smiles. TCL and Hisense are the main Chinese brands of televisions. According to 2024 last quarter quarterthe first surpassed LG in the distribution of premium televisions, and Hins is already very close. In the general market, Samsung has already exceeded him, being 16 % quota, TCL with 14 %, Hisense with 12 % and LG with 10 %. Xiaomi follows a certain distance with 5 %. In the context of the annual growth of size and explosion of the giant inches, China also wins the bet of its brands itself. As you remember HDTVTEST: “TCL is one of the most aggressive brands when betting on large screens, having launched in recent years several MINI-LED and LCD TV models of 98 inches.” And we already talk about numerous 110 “models and 115 “. The strategy to crush competition. Both brands do not stop presenting giant and innovative televisionsand above all, to reduce them and democratize them. They have already had the 98 “TCL C805, Minilad, less than 1,700 euros. A model that launched a couple of years ago at 5,000 euros. The growing domain of TCL and Hisense of the Premium market responds to the growing domain of the Minned Tves (those that market) in front of the OLED, which dominate from Korea LG and Samsung. In 2024 there was sorpasso of technology: MINILED surpassed Oled In sales. And it was so after years of dominance and the entrance of Samsung in Oleds with the Samsung S95B In 2022. Server has been enjoying an OLED TV from 2020 by having prioritized image quality. The following will be Minnedfor the balance between size and quality. The perfect cocktail, with a brake. We have a panel size that has not stopped growing for decade and a half, sales fired in giant inches and prices that break up at the rhythms of vertigo, Even in toe technology. To this is added, as Samsung pointed out, users who want larger sizes … Read more

To the question of whether the food loses nutrients in the freezer, the answer is depends on how let’s defrost it

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In a casual conversation, the bread issued came out. Consumption a lot bread I make at homeand there are times that I have to freeze it. It is a practice that seems normal to me and in the bakery themselves give me bags for the freezer, but my friends do not think the same because “Defrosting bread is not the same“Hence the question about how freezing affects the food we consume, and the truth is that it is a rich issue and with many nuances. And almost more important than freezing, it is defrosting. There things can get dangerous to our health. Crystal. Humanity takes thousands of years using what it has at its disposal to better conserve food. The brine is a tacticbut in areas with ice and snow, They buried the food so that it did not rot. And then, the miracle arrived: the freezer. We underestimate it because we have it at home, but it is a fundamental tool, and what happens when we put a food in the freezer is that the low temperature freezes the water present in said food. And here is the mother of the lamb: not all foods freeze the same because, the more water they have, the more complex it will be a good defrost, the more its structure is altered and it is what can lead to us to think that the freezer is not so positive and that it alters the nutrients. But as we said, there are nuances. It depends on what we freeze. What happens is that internal water form crystals When frozen. The more water, the more crystals they form and, if the freezing is slow, those crystals can break the cell walls of the food. When we defrost it, the crystals get rid of and it is what can cause food to be softer or perceive like water. Vegetables and fruits suffer more than meat Because the amount of water they have inside is greater, but as we said, there are nuances because there are rich starchy vegetables whose molecular structure is maintained more than desirable after that freezing. If we crush the frozen fruit directly, provide flavor and texture to a shake. Does not lose its nutrients and we will not notice the change in texture Taste and texture. An example. Freezing peas or corn, rich in starch, allows, after defrosting, both texture and taste are maintained satisfactorily. However, lettuce, which has a huge amount of water, not only is left without grace and soft when defrosting, also loses its flavor. That happens because, in cell breakage, food loses its juices and, if in the meat or fish it is less evident, in fruits or vegetables whose base is the water becomes much more palpable. Then it also depends on what we do with that food: eating a defrosted lettuce is a punishment, but if we freeze watermelon, which is basically water, and without defrosting it we make a shake, the result will be satisfactory. Although even there we will notice a change of flavor. And very fatty foods such as milk or a yogurt can separate proteins, creating lumps by defrosting them. The avocado, however, endures it well. There is fruit that better supports freezing And the nutrients? But one of the central themes of the debate revolved around the Loss of nutrients of frozen foods. This may be the point at which there is more confusion, and luckily it is a point that has been studied to be able to extract some conclusions. Again, there are nuances. Proteins, fat -soluble vitamins such as A and D of meats and fish, minerals and fiber remain stable in freezing. An investigation from the University of Guadalajara suggests That even freezing can be beneficial to preserve certain nutrients that bioactive compounds would “eat” if we do not freeze food. However, The opposite occurs with hydrosoluble vitamins such as C or some of Group B, which are reduced slightly not during freezing, but in the defrosting of food. And then it is not the same industrial ultra -Gellation, which freezes foods very, very fast, than the one we can do at home. In that industrial freezing, water crystals are much smaller because it does not give time to develop, damaging the cellular structure of the food. Freeze well. It is complicated that we have at our disposal a freezer that allows us to cryogenize a steak in seconds, but what we do are techniques to freeze foods in the best possible way. To freeze them, it is best to introduce what we want to freeze in an air without air or in a hermetic container so that it does not contaminate the rest of the food we keep and its flavor does not alter, and to defrost them, There is a trick of tricksbut above all two that are fundamental. As important as freezing is how we defrost. If it is something that we are going to cook at the moment, we can resort to the microwave or directly to the pan. In that rapid defrosting, juices are those that have hydrosoluble vitamins and, when the interior of the product reaches the optimal temperature, it would be suitable to consume. But if we have chicken, fish or a frozen homemade pizza dough, it is Bad idea to leave the piece defrosting on the countertop Or, worse, expose it to the sun. There the thing becomes complicated and can even be harmful to the flavor due to something very simple: in a defrosting at room temperature, the base that supports the surface is defrost before and favors that the bacteria that had remained in pause retake their activity in a big way thanks to the fact that they have life, nutrients and more water than before, increasing the risk of poisoning. The best if we are not in a hurry? Plan and get out of the freezer what we are going to eat the next day … Read more

If the question is what is the worst way to uncover some horns, the answer has a coldplay: live and 4k

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The video is not hard Not 15 secondsbut they have been enough so that on July 16, 2025 it has become the worst day in the life of Andy Byron, CEO of Astronomerand Kristin Cabot, the company’s staff director. The reason is very simple: on Wednesday a KISS CAM The ‘hugged’ hugged, with intertwined hands and in a clearly affectionate attitude during a Coldplay concert in Boston. The problem is that Byron and Cabot are not novice, no husband and wife. Moreover, the pink press assures that each one has their respective spouse and the KISS CAM It shows how they separate embarrassed when they focus them. With those wicker the story is told alone: suspicion of horns, viralitypublic clerk … and the one that is undoubtedly the great summer of summer. Who is not going to like a good drama? Chris Martin is usually the great protagonist in Coldplay concerts. However on Wednesday he offered one in the Gillete de Boston state in which he ended up eclipsed by two members of the public, and very much in spite of those involved. At one point in the performance the filmmakers activated the KISS CAM And they began to focus on the stands to give it more epic (and a comic point) to the evening. Nothing that is not frequently seen in the US stadiums. Click on the image to go to Tweet. The problem is that in one of those sweeps the camera focused on a middle -aged man and woman in an attitude that clearly implied that they were a couple. They both smile. He behind. She in front. He passing his arms under his chest and squeezing her against himself. She holding her hands. The scene promised kiss, but when the couple’s attitude was seen on the screen, it was another very different. Instead of kiss, There was frightened. She throws her hands to the face to cover it while he changes the expression and bends down to hide. In the end the two find a way to sneak among the public before Martin’s Pasmo. – Or they have an adventure or they are very shy, The singer joked. And the truth is that the attitude of the couple, nervous, dislocated and that at all times tries to hide, suggests the first: a secret affaire. With the immortalized scene by the KISS CAM Before thousands of witnesses, networks and pink press smelled the carnaza and began to look for who were that man and woman. It didn’t cost them much. The man seen in the recording is not a stranger, but Andy Byron, Astronomer’s CEO, a startup that according to Precise Newsweek He reached the category of “unicorn” in 2022 by achieving an assessment of more than one billion dollars. She (Kristin Cabot) is also a successful directive, with more than 20 years of career behind her back and experience in Neo4J or observeit. In Astronomer it is almost a newcomer: He joined in November of 2024. The revelation of who were accompanied by something else: he triggered the speculation about the assumption Affaire forbidden. Byron He is married With a woman named Megan, educator. In networks and media It has been aerated that Kristin Cabot would also have a partner, Kenneth, a businessman from the fashion sector, although New York Post He assures that it is actually his ex -husband. Without eating or drinking it, both (Megan and Kenneth) have seen how their history underwent public scrutiny. The worst part has undoubtedly taken byron’s wife, who suddenly found a mess bombardment (of all kinds and tone) In networks in which until then it had maintained a low profile. The situation came out so much as a mother that He chose to eliminate Your Facebook and Instagram accounts. Nor has that prevented They have spread of his and his children. The situation has been complicated so much that it was even published yesterday An alleged statement in which Byron It apologizes For what happened during the concert and speaks of “a deeply personal error that broke out in a very public scenario.” The note also apologizes to his wife, family and co -workers. Problem? Astronomer He has assured to Men’s Journal that this note is actually a Fake And it is not related to Byron or the company. Beyond the alleged affair, if the KISS CAM From Coldplay or not one “horns” live and 4K or what happens now with those involved, both personal and professional, what happened in Boston opens an old debate: the Ethical limits In stories that, like this, expose anonymous people to the scorn. In Xataka | I have asked the AI any bullshit and now I am writing a news about her

If the question is how to make a team more productive, the answer according to Jeff Bezos is clear: with two pizzas

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Amazon is one of the world’s largest companies and Jeff Bezosits founder and former CEO, one of the richest people. In a company like Amazon, productivity, Talent management and the synchronization of the equipment is very important and that everything flows in the best possible way a rule as curious as useful and interesting is responsible: that of the two -pizz teams. The “problem” of the scale. As Explain Daniel Slater, World Innovation Culture Director at Amazon Aws, When Amazon began It was structured “to achieve rapid agility and offer constant value to customers.” Amazon was, at that time, an “inventing machine.” That is why hiring and organizational structure were prioritized. The problem is that Amazon, which started as an electronic commerce, climbed. Climbed, and how. When the company was smaller, the teams “were more centralized and closely linked”, but as the firm began to grow this structure resulted in greater slowness and inefficiency. To face it “we radically change our technical architecture to what is known as Microservice architecture“, explains Slater.” We discourage our monolithic architecture in a vast network of unique and independent services “, which allowed to launch news and offers faster. But that’s not all. According to Slater, to maximize the ability to remain close to users and their needs, at the same time that new products and services are launched, Amazon invented a new way of organizing the equipment. Instead of large teams, the firm opted for smaller and agile teams capable of taking advantage of the architecture of microservices. For this, a fairly peculiar rule was used. The teams of two pizzas. The concept is quite simple and is that no team should be so large that more than two pizzas are needed to feed it. Not because A Amazon make a hole in accounting Buy a median of three more ingredients in the nearest Domino’s, but because “the smallest teams minimize the lines of communication and reduce the general expenses of bureaucracy and decision making.” It is assumed that with Two pizzas They can eat about ten people, although that is an opinion that would be willing to fight with nails and teeth. In any case, “the two -pizz teams” is a somewhat searched form to refer to teams of less than ten people. This size “allows two -pizz teams to spend more time focusing on their customers and constantly experiencing and innovating for their benefit,” says Slater. Does the team need three pizzas to eat? Well, then it’s too big | Image: Pexels The advantages of small equipment. As they expose from Amazon, small teams increase “involvement and training” and reduce the known as Ringelmann effect (Individual productivity is reduced as the group becomes larger, and vice versa). Citing the Hackman and Vidmar studyAmazon says that the smallest teams “also increase employee satisfaction” since “in large teams, individual contributions are less recognizable and individual involvement on specific areas becomes more diffuse.” These small teams, say from Amazon, also allow to experience faster and reduce the cost of failure. A TEAM, A PRODUCT. How do you implement these “two -pizzas teams”? Easy: a equipment for each product or service. In the words of Daniel Slater: “Instead of maintaining complex systems or solving problems that cover multiple services, business lines or customer segments, two pizzas equipment focus on a single service or offer, and only on customers that use it. This unique approach favors effectiveness and scalability.” More pizzas. If the team grows, something likely if the needs increase, “we look for ways to divide it into separate equipment of two pizzas that work in a sub -section of the service with a single subprocess.” However, from Amazon they are aware that this structure is not for everyone and has its counterpart. “Two -pizz teams are not perfect, and are not immune to limitations; an example is that with so many autonomous teams, of a single process, which They work quickly To meet the needs of their own clients, there is the risk of duplication and development in silos, “says Slater. It is also necessary to collaborate between teams so that rapid experimentation is effective, as well as for Share errors and learning. Image | Flickr (Smithsonian Institution), Pexels *An earlier version of this article was published in July 2025

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