Israel

He has been vetoing the shipment of weapons to Israel for months

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The bases of Rota and Morón have been two pieces discreet but essential of the United States military machinery in the Mediterranean. From them operations have started in the Middle East, strategic bombers, anti-missile shield destroyers and even part of the naval device that watches over the Strait of Hormuz. Spain shares them with Washington since bilateral agreements signed in the middle of the Cold War, and since then they had hardly generated relevant diplomatic friction. Until now. The threat that opened an unprecedented crisis. Tension broke out yesterday when Donald Trump threatened with cutting off trade with Spain after the Government refused to allow the use of bases of Rota and Morón for the bombings against Iran. The warning represented an unprecedented escalation between two NATO allies, because the US president did not speak of simple trade retaliation but of the possibility of a total economic embargo. Pedro Sanchez just responded with an institutional declaration in which he summarized the Spanish position in a phrase that evoked the popular rejection of the 2003 invasion of Iraq: “No to war.” The president defended that Spain rejects both the Iranian regime and the current military escalation and demanded the cessation of hostilities before the conflict causes a spiral of violence with global consequences. Tariffs and embargoes: two very different weapons. Trump’s threat drew attention because he did not resort to his favorite tool for years, the tariffsbut to something much more extreme: a trade embargo. Tariffs make specific products more expensive and are used to pressure or protect industries, while an embargo involves blocking practically all economic relations with a country. The difference is enormous: an embargo can prevent exports, investments, financial operations or even access to the dollar system. Furthermore, Trump began talking about this option after the US Supreme Court declare illegal the use of an economic emergency law to impose global tariffs, although that same legislation does allow blocking trade with countries considered a threat to national security. A tool reserved for “enemies”. They remembered in The World Which is precisely why the threat has generated so much surprise in Europe. Economic sanctions based on that law have traditionally been applied against governments considered hostile or authoritariancountries such as Iran, North Korea or Venezuela, or even against specific companies and leaders accused of human rights violations, corruption or illicit activities. Hence, using this mechanism against an allied country, a member of the European Union and NATO, would be something practically unpublished and legally very controversial and complex. Furthermore, it would have enormous economic consequences. for both sides Atlantic: The United States sells more than double what it buys to Spain and numerous American multinationals operate in the country, so an embargo would cause an unprecedented financial and commercial clash between strategic partners. The fine print that explains the climb. And while the controversy grew, the newspaper The country has released details that shed light on Washington’s virulent reaction. According to the official statistics documents sent to Congress, in reality Spain had been discreetly blocking the transit and export of weapons for months. bound for Israel. How much? In 2024 they were denied seven ship calls with weapons (including the prohibition of the cargo ships Maersk Denver, Maersk Seletar and Marianne Danica from calling in Algeciras and Cartagena) and They vetoed 57 operations export of military or dual-use material to that country. Some of these decisions had already caused tensions with the United States and even a file of the US Federal Maritime Commission. Although after the Hamas attack on October 2023 Sales were progressively restricted until they were prohibited by law. In 2024, military material worth 1.45 million euros was still exported from previous licenses, mainly sensors, electrical systems or returns of defective equipment, in addition to some components destined for third countries or the A400M aircraft. The total veto. Already in 2025 no sale was authorized of defense or dual use to Israel, only licenses with no economic value for repairs of equipment of the Spanish Armed Forces. At the same time, the report has also revealed that Spain has sold military material to Ukraine for 110.3 million between January 2024 and June 2025 (mainly artillery ammunition) in addition to donations of military equipment valued at 384 million. For their part, global exports of Spanish weapons reached 3,491 million in 2024 and rebounded strongly in the first half of 2025, with record new licenses and controversial clients such as Equatorial Guinea or Eritrea, which has generated criticism from organizations such as Amnesty International. A long conflict. In short, this context helps to understand why the American reaction it’s been so hard. He veto to the use of the bases to bomb Iran was the visible trigger of the crisis, but not the only reason for friction. The traffic restrictions of arms towards Israel, added to the refusal to participate in the military operation, outline a Spanish policy that tries to set limits in the Middle East and prioritize diplomacy over armed intervention. For the White House, however, this shift means a direct challenge to its strategy in the region, whatever it may be. The result is a dispute that has for the first time placed a European ally under the threat of an economic tool that the United States had until now reserved. for his adversaries. Image | Phan J. Alan Elliott, US Army In Xataka | In 1988 Spain and the US signed an agreement. Thanks to him, today Spain can refuse to use its bases to attack Iran In Xataka | The great paradox of Spain is 7,000 million euros: nobody wants to take up weapons, but they are making money by selling them

a slam on Israel to manufacture rocket launchers and howitzers at home

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The Spanish defense of the last century has been built on the basis of delicate balances: first the almost total dependence on foreign allies, then the integration in large international consortiums and, later, the comfort of buying abroad what was not known or did not want to be manufactured within. This model, born in the heat of NATO and post-war industrial Europe, worked as long as the geopolitical chessboard was stable. Today, however, it begins to show cracks that force to rethink alliances. The “sovereignty mode.” Yes, Spain has taken an abrupt and unusual turn in its military industrial policy by activating a “sovereignty mode” that combines accelerated rearmament and technological rupture with traditional allies. A decision forced by political embargo on Israel and the deterioration of the environment European strategic but converted into a State strategy: the country has assumed that, without its own industry, any military capacity is fragile in a real war scenario. The result is a draft decision: manufacture key rocket launchers and howitzers for the Army at home, even if this implies more costs, more risks and longer deadlines. SILAM as a breaking point. The program of High Mobility Launcher System has become the symbolic piece of this industrial catharsis, moving from a design based on Israeli technology by Elbit Systems to a completely national solution. Not only that, along the way has been discarded both to Israeli suppliers and to the American alternative of Lockheed Martin, despite the fact that their missiles offered a quick and proven exit. The decision to move forward without shortcuts reflects a conscious bet for not depending on licenses, political vetoes or external operational limitations, even if it implies delays and assuming that, for years, Spain will lack of certain abilities fully mature medium and long range attacks. If you will, it is a strategic bet that sacrifices speed in exchange for control, something unusual in the recent history of national defense. Navy An alliance and nationalize brain and muscle. The union between Escribano Mechanical & Engineering and GMV materializes this strategy by concentrating both the industrial platform and critical digital systems in Spain. In this way, both the SILAM rocket launcher and the new ATP howitzers will carry fire direction, navigation, command and control through the manufacturing of designs, code and maintenance entirely in Spain. In other words, in theory, this remove dependencies on the most sensitive components and guarantees total control about the life cycle of the systems, from initial integration to their use in combat and their maintenance in the event of a prolonged conflict. A massive rearmament. Furthermore, the plan is not limited to SILAM and is supported by a self-propelled wheeled and tracked artillery program valued in more than 7.8 billion of euros, a scenario led by Indra together with EM&E. Systems integration will allow batteries to receive targets, calculate trajectories and open fire in seconds. This complete digitalization responds to the high intensity war model that NATO promoteswhere decision speed “aims” to be as decisive as firepower. Legal tensions and exceptions. There is no doubt, the depth of this turn sovereigntist advances between frictions, as demonstrated the judicial appeal of Santa Bárbara Sistemas, a subsidiary of General Dynamics, against the public loans granted to Indra and EM&E. At the same time, the Government has had to activate exceptionality clauses to the Israeli embargo to protect strategic Airbus programs. That is to say, industrial sovereignty, in practice, advances in fits and starts and forces constant balances between political principles, employment and international commitments. The horizon. In parallel, the growing position of EM&E as key shareholder in the capital of Indra and its technological alliance with GMV They reinforce or feed the idea of ​​a future national champion capable of competing with European giants such as the all-powerful Rheinmetall or Leonardo. The Executive, just in case, observes this possibility cautiouslyaware of the risks of concentration and conflicts of interest. In any case, the strategic message has already been sent: Spain has decided to stop being just a client of the global arms market to try to control, for the first time in decades, its own military capacity. Image | EM&E, Navy In Xataka | Ukraine has found what it needed in an unexpected ally. Spain had the missing piece against the shahed drones In Xataka | In the midst of rearmament, Spain has just surprised Europe: 5,000 million for 34 warships and four submarines

The Spanish rail giant escapes millionaire contracts, including the Barcelona Metro. The reason: his link with Israel

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Basque Caf’s rail manufacturer is in a committed situation after Its inclusion in the United Nations list which points to companies with operations in Palestinian territories occupied by Israel. This circumstance could close the doors of important public contracts, such as The Millionaire Barcelona Metro Contest. In the blacklist. Transports Metropolitans de Barcelona (TMB) has a tender open to acquire 39 new trains worth 321 million euros. The specifications includes a clause that prohibits the participation of companies that appear in the Registry of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (UNHCR). CAF, current TMB provider, now appears in that list for its participation in The tram of Jerusalem thisa project awarded in 2019 with the Israeli construction company Shapir. The CAF position. The company based in Beasain defends the legality of your contract and denies any violation of human rights. As communicated to the National Securities Market Commission, it has reports from independent experts that support its position and ensures that the project “generates positive impacts on the population” by also providing service to the Arab community with a “inclusive and non -discriminatory” hiring policy. The Alstom turn. The French multinational Alstom, which has a factory in Santa Perpètua de Mogoda, appealed in August before the Catalan Court of Public Sector Contracts against this restrictive clause. However, the recent update of the UN list has retired to Alstom from the registrationwhich now allows you to present to the contest. This exit makes CAF the main affected, since the resolution of the resource will determine whether or not to participate in the tender, whose term remains open until December. More Spanish companies indicated. CAF It is not the only company Spanish in the Black List of the UN, which includes about 160 signatures. Florentino Pérez’s construction company, its SEMI subsidiary and the Ineco public company, under the Ministry of Transportation, also include. CAF is charged with equipment and materials that “facilitate” Israeli settlements, in addition to providing support services and using natural resources, which makes it the Spanish with the greatest reproach by the international organism. A political and social debate. Inclusion in this list does not imply direct sanctions, but yes it has practical consequences. The United Nations urges States to adopt “appropriate measures” to prevent human rights abuse, and administrations such as the Barcelona City Council have incorporated this exclusion in their responsible hiring policies. The debate has also reached the Basque political terrain, where part of the CAF staff starred in concentrations demanding the cessation of the contract with Israel, while the lehendakari Imanol Pradales He has asked that you have “care with the accusations” and has urged the company to make “an ethical reflection”. Implications. Beyond the Barcelona contest, appearing in this registry can affect the reputation of companies, rating rating agencies and access to other public tenders if similar clauses appear in the tender. Public hiring represented 11.55% of Spanish GDP in 2023which turns these vetoes into a relevant economic issue for the companies indicated. Cover image | TMB In Xataka | The longest bus in the world is called Daf Super Citytrain: more than 30 meters long and capacity for 350 people

In which waters Israel is to intercept ships

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There were no surprises. Although Warnings of several governments (including Spanish) The ships of the Global Sumud Flotilla (GSF) have remained advanced towards the coast of Gaza, where in the last hours they met The brake of the Israeli armed forces. Both Tel Aviv and GSF have shared images of the approach, in which It can be seen for example to Greta Thunberg between soldiers after her vessel entered the “High risk zone”. The big question is … What exactly is that of the “high -risk area”? Can the Israeli State act in its waters? Do you protect international law when you do? What happened? That Israel has frustrated the plans of the Global Sumud Flotilla, the international mission formed by dozen ships that intended to bring humanitarian aid to Gaza and break the blockade to which the strip is subjected, where a serious famine is suffered recognized For the UN. As they have confirmed so much The Government Headed by Benjamin Netanyahu as his own Global Sumud Flotillathe Hebrew armed forces yesterday intercepted several boats of the squad, including its three main ships. Click on the image to go to Tweet. Where did they stop them? That is the key. GSF points out that the ships were intercepted to 70 nautical miles (almost 130 kilometers) of the coast of Gaza. On Wednesday, when most of the flotilla was still 115 miles (more than 200 km) from Gaza, their responsible They warned of the presence of drones and maneuvers that interpreted as the first intimidating acts of the Israeli naval force. Actually the Netanyahu government (and other authorities, such as the Italian executive) It takes days Insisting the flotilla that downloads its cargo in Greece or Cyprus, a possibility that activists They have ruled out flat. Why is it important? The exact point in which Israel intercepted the main ships of the humanitarian flotilla (before that GSF denounced that Tel Aviv had “intentionally damaged” ship communications) is not a simple curiosity. The organization assures that the Hebrew forces boarded their ships in “international waters” and speak of an “illegal” intervention. From the Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs They hold They already warned GSF ships that they were approaching “an active combat zone” and its unwlighted “a legitimate naval block.” Yesterday they insisted in fact on their offer to “peacefully transfer their cargo to help Gaza for” safe channels. “ Does Israel control that area? The big question. In recent days, as the flotilla ships approached the coast of Gaza, there has been talk of “High risk zone”, “exclusion zone” or even “Active combat zone”as they have described from Tel Aviv. The key is … with international legislation in hand, can the Israeli State exercise military control in the area where the flotilla intercepted? What waters can control? Is it one “Illegal interception”How do you hold those responsible? What does the law say? The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (CDM), 1982, recognizes the existence of a strip of Territorial Sea on which states can exercise full sovereignty. Of course, it limits it to about 12 nautical miles, just over 22 kilometers. Israeli ships would have approached the humanitarian flotilla at a much larger distance, around 69 nautical miles (almost 130 km), according to those responsible. About 3.2 GMT+3 GSF assured That there were still 30 ships that were still heading to Gaza, placing about 46 nautical miles, “despite the incessant aggressions of the Israeli occupation navy.” Is that all? No. In addition to the territorial and sovereign waters of each country, international legislation recognizes riverside countries a larger area called Exclusive economic zone (Zee). Its surface extends much further, to the 200 nautical miles (370 km), although in that sea strip the power of states is something different. As its name indicates, the idea is that countries regulate their economic use, fishing, mining, drilling or energy projects, for example, allowing in theory theory Freedom of navigation. What happens in Israel? GSF claims that the flotilla ships were intercepted in “International Waters”but the truth is that this region of the Mediterranean is in an anomalous situation. Since 2007 Tel Aviv acts there autonomously After applying A block to Gaza who expands by land, tidal and air and intensified in October 2023. Hence “High risk zone”. There is who warns That, beyond the blockade or its greater or lesser right to act in the area, Israel has the obligation to guarantee the arrival of humanitarian aid. Others They point That arriving at the 12 nautical miles on the coast, the flotilla would be in Palestinian waters, not Israelis. The Global Sumud Flotilla is not the first mission that tries to break the blockade. The most popular (and dramatic) case was that of Mavi Marmarain 2010, when an approach to the Israeli navy resulted in Several dead. Yesterday, Minister Margarita Robles asked the members of the flotilla to value the “risk” they assumed and recalled that the Spanish rage ship would not enter the exclusion zone except “in case of absolute necessity” for “rescue work”. Images | Israel Foreing Ministry (x) and Freedom Fleet Coalition In Xataka | Spain told the US that I did not want its F-35. And now he just told him that his artillery for Israel does not pass around here

veto the F-35 that the US sends to Israel

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The first blunt scene took place last week. The decision of the Government of Pedro Sánchez to send the ship Maritime Action Furor P-46 to escort the Global International Flotilla Sumud was a milestone in contemporary Spanish foreign policy. The second, which has been known a few hours ago, has a more “nuclear” range: Spain is vetoing the sending of weapons from the United States to Israel. Solidarity and geopolitics. As we said, sending Furor P-46 It is included in the flotilla safety Integrated by half a hundred civil vessels with activists from 45 countries, including figures such as Greta Thunberg or Ada Colau, which seeks to take help to Gaza and symbolically break the Israeli naval block, after having suffered drones attacks in Greek waters. With more than 65,000 dead Palestinians Since the beginning of the Israeli offensive in October 2023 and a population undergoing hunger, forced displacements and ruins, the Spanish gesture becomes political and moral relevance. Sanchez defended In the UN General Assembly that international law and safety of navigation in the Mediterranean are respected, stressing that Spain will not remain indifferent to a humanitarian catastrophe of this magnitude. The furor P-46 in front of the Italian. The Spanish deployment contrasts with the Italian response under the command of Giorgia Meloni, which despite criticizing the mission as “unnecessary and dangerous,” said two frigates, have sent two frigates, The Virginio Fasan and The alpineboth with anti -submarine combat capabilities, long -range missiles and crews of more than 160 sailors. The furor P-46, on the other hand, is a maritime action ship smaller (2,840 tons, 93.9 meters in length and 51 crew members), armed with a cannon 76 mm pick autumn and two MK-38 machine guns. Although limited in military power against Italian frigates, their deployment transmits a different message: It is not a matter of war, but of symbolic protection of civilians and a commitment to international legality. If you want, even the fact that the machine guns of the fury are of Israeli origin adds a paradox loaded with meanings, placing Spain in a field where diplomacy mixes with symbolic and political pressure. The furor P-46 A historical veto. The other face of the Spanish strategy has been THE VETO TO TRANSIT for the bases of Rota and Morón of American aircraft and ships loaded with armament for Israel. Although the bilateral agreement 1988 defense grants the United States wide prerogatives Use, Madrid retains the last word and has applied the clauses that exclude “controversial charges”. In other words, this has forced, for example, DESCRIBE F-35 fighters Israelis towards the Azores, and even took the official plane of Netanyahu To avoid space Spanish aerial to go to the UN. The measure reflects a will to exercise full sovereignty in strategic infrastructure, unchecking American logic without breaking the alliance. If in 2002 the government of José María Aznar allowed, through A secret orderthat planes with prisoners for Guantanam Mark distance With Washington, aware that Gaza’s political sensitivity does not admit ambiguities. Historical comparative: from Iraq and Libya to Gaza. The current position inevitably recalls Spanish management in previous conflicts. In 2003, Aznar aligned with George W. Bush and Tony Blair in the invasion of Iraq, in a decision that It generated massive rejection in Spanish society and ended up eroding its political capital. A decade later, in 2011, under the government of Zapatero, Spain participated In the intervention of NATO in Libya, sending fighters and frigates in combat operations against Gaddafi, although presenting it as part of a Civil Protection Mission. In both cases, Spain acted as an obedient ally within the Atlantic framework, prioritizing cohesion with Washington and Brussels about the affirmation of its own policy. Loop represents the reverse: Now the nation is placed as a critical voice in the EU, sending a ship Not to fightbut to protect a civil flotilla, and prohibiting the transit of weapons towards a traditional ally in the United States such as Israel. The Mediterranean as a board. The scenario is not accidental. The Eastern Mediterranean has become a space of geopolitical friction where the interests of Israel, Türkiye, Egypt, Greece and now of the European powers converge. With its involvement, Spain seeks to strengthen its profile as Mediterranean power With your own agenda. He Furor shipping P-46 and the Veto to Rota and Morón They place Madrid in the thin line between humanitarian solidarity and diplomatic pressure, between the symbolic gesture and the strategic calculation. The message, a priori, is clear: Spain does not intend to be a mere spectator or a simple appendix of American politics, but an actor who intends to recover space on a board where the EU still seeks a common voice. Giro and projection. The combination of measures configures a Background change In Spanish foreign policy. Of secondary partner in Iraq and Libya, Spain aims to be actor with proper name In Gaza, articulating a strategy that combines three axes: Humanitarian solidarityDefense of International Law and affirmation of sovereignty in its strategic bases. If you want also, when betting on a line different from Washington’s (I had already done it With the “rearme”) and align with a speech closer to European public opinion, the Sánchez government seeks to reposition the nation as moral power in the Mediterranean and as a reference in the defense of humanitarian causes. Of course, it remains to be seen if this strategy will be sustainable in the face of diplomatic pressure and tensions with allied partners, but what it seems indisputable right now is that it marks a historical turn regarding the role that Spain had played in international conflicts during the last decades. Image | Pikiwikisrael, Carlosvdehabsburg In Xataka | The F-35 not only costs a fortune, it has a button that Spain does not like. So he told the US that he doesn’t want them In Xataka | A group of countries is being formed after the decision of Spain: those that are closing the door … Read more

We have tried to use AI to verify if the images of the war between Iran and Israel were made with AI. It has been a disaster

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False images circulate on social networks is no novelty, but in the era of AI It is increasingly difficult to detect them And they have even made Let’s distrust real photos. That photos taken with AI are viral when an important event is the new normality is; We saw it After the blackout And also with him Conflict between Israel and Iran. It is clear to us that AI is very good to generate false images, but what if we use it precisely for the contrary? Not so much. The photos in question. At the same time as a Half Iranian published The news that Iran had demolished an Israeli F-35, two images began to run like gunpowder on social networks, although We soon knew they were false. One of them, that of the star and surrounded by curious F35, is especially striking. To begin with, the proportions make no sense: the plane seems giant when actually measures 16 meters and people are larger than buildings. And that not to mention that the damage of the plane is minimal to have been shot down. These images were not the only ones generated by AI that circulated in the first days of the conflict. Several videos such as this one of a huge Iranian missile that it seems quite real until we see that the water brand has been left to see that it is made with the, or East of a tel aviv shattered. AI is terrible doing FACT-CHECK. Means dedicated to FACT-CHECKING as Damn already denied These and other images created with AI in the context of the conflict between Iran and Israel. However, there were users who tried to resort to AI tools to check the authenticity of the images and obtained quite confusing answers. Is What happened in X with Grok. An analysis of more than 130,000 posts revealed that Musk’s AI was not able to detect some false images or identify the sources from which they came. The community notes written by the users themselves were much more reliable. We have tried it. To check the AI ​​capacities, we have used the image of the disproportionate F-35 and have asked several AI tools. This is what they have answered: Chatgpt: The Openai tool begins “This image does not seem real” and then proceeds to make an analysis of the proportion of the plane, which correctly identifies as a F35, and states that the damage does not seem coherent. Perplexity: Like Chatgpt, he tells us that proportions, perspective, and airplane damage and other details suggest that the photo has been digitally manipulated. Gemini: It tells us that the image is real, but that it is not an attack in combat, but of a clash with birds that happened in Israel in 2017. When we answer that the sources show us, it happens several links to the news, but in none of them the image appears. After a while sending us confusing information, he ends up recognizing that he was wrong and apologizes for “the serious mistake.” Claude: It is the only one that states with forcefulness that the image is not real and gives us the exact context of what has happened “this is one of the many false images that have circulated as part of misinformation campaigns during the conflict between Israel and Iran.” The reliability, pending subject. In our test, Gemini has completely invented the answer, while Chatgpt and Perplexity succeed, although they do not get wet. Claude is the only one that gives us all the information and hits fully. Although language models have improved a lot in a short time, Many answers continue to be invented Despite having access to the Internet and searches. Undoubtedly, reliability is the pending subject of generative AI and where more improvement margin has. Images | 404 average In Xataka | Chatgpt guide: 22 functions and things you can do to squeeze this artificial intelligence to the maximum

Israel has been bombing the nuclear facilities that build other countries around its surroundings. This is the real risk of collapse

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On February 28, 2022, just four days after the start of The Russian Invasion of Ukrainethe country’s troops led by Vladimir Putin bombarded the vicinity of The Zaporiyia nuclear power plantlocated in the southeast of the country. Shortly after, during the night of March 3 to 4, the Ukrainian and Russian soldiers They fought together with the buildings of this nuclear installation. This scenario has been repeated several times since then, which has represented at some times a threat to the integrity of the nuclear reactors of this central. Unfortunately, the Ukraine War is not the only war conflict that has endangered one or more nuclear facilities. During the last five decades Israel has repeatedly bombarded Iraq nuclear plants, Syria and Iran with the purpose, according to the Israeli government, to prevent these countries from developing nuclear weapons. This is the same scenario as presumably triggered The last episode of the conflict between Israel and Iran on June 13. However, not all nuclear facilities are the same. Israel and the US argue that the plants of Fordo, Isfahán and Natanz, all in Iran, who have recently bombarded several thousand Uranium centrifugers. These machines contain uranium hexafluoruro (UF₆) inside, a corrosive gas that if it came to filter to the environment could trigger a radiological and chemical emergency, although there would be no nuclear explosion. In any case, in this article we propose to explore what would happen if one missile or other large -capacity projectile impact on the building of a nuclear reactor. Nuclear reactors cannot explode as an atomic bomb Nuclear centrals in operation used by many countries to generate electricity have been designed to offer A very high security level and hold your operation over time. The first protection barrier that nuclear reactors have external threats is the containment enclosure. This concrete structure is watertight and is designed to keep the primary circuit of the environment completely isolated (we will immediately see what this circuit consists of). This framework is designed not to be degraded by dilation, to support the energy of an earthquake, and even to resist very important collisions, such as the impact of an airplane. However, in addition to protecting the nuclear reactor from external aggressions, it is responsible for preventing the radioactive material to be lodged in the primary circuit Remove and get in touch with the atmosphere. Anyway, the first thing that a missile or a pump would have to damage to damage a nuclear reactor is to destroy, or, at least, penetrate the containment enclosure. The containment enclosure is designed to withstand very important collisions, such as the impact of a plane The other element of the installation that has a crucial role in the proper functioning of a nuclear reactor is the cooling circuit. Although, in reality, a nuclear reactor works side by side with three different circuits. The primary circuit consists of the vessel, which is the deposit that contains Fuel bars and the water that must remain in contact with them to absorb their thermal energy; For the heat exchanger, which is a second tank to which the hot water comes from the vessel; and by a pump that facilitates the circulation of water between the vessel and the heat exchanger. The primary circuit must be closed because the water it contains being in direct contact with the fuel bars is contaminated. And therefore, It is radioactive. The heat exchanger acts as a steam generatorso a second circuit is responsible for introducing the cold water inside that when it comes into contact with the hot water of the primary circuit, it enters the boiling. From there the necessary steam proceeds to transfer to the turbine the kinetic energy that will make it possible to obtain electricity thanks to the action of the alternator. Once the fluid crosses the turbine the water vapor cools and condenses inside an additional tank to promote the appearance of water in a liquid state that will be introduced again in the heat exchanger, thus giving rise to a second closed circuit known as secondary circuit. Again a pump is responsible for the water to circulate between the condensation tank and the heat exchanger. So far we have described two different closed circuits, the primary and the secondary, but we have left a loose end. In order for the water vapor of the secondary circuit to be condensed inside the condensation tank it is necessary to introduce in the latter cold water. And to do so it is necessary to resort to a third circuit known as cooling circuit. The water of this last installation comes from the sea or from a river near the nuclear power plant, hence it is necessary to accommodate this type of centrals near one of these two natural resources. The thermal energy exchange that occurs between these circuits allows us to obtain the electrical energy we need, which is the ultimate goal of nuclear power plants, but also seeks to keep the fuel bars housed in the reactor core within its optimal range of working temperature. The most serious scenario implies the fusion of the reactor core If the thermal energy generated by the fuel material of the fuel bars as a result of the sustained fission over time exceeds, for whatever reason, the capacity of the refrigeration systems of transporting that energy and maintaining the core of the reactor within the optimal range of working temperature, the fuel could be degraded. And if this happens, it could happen from the solid state in which it is initially to the semi -solid state, or even a liquid state. This phenomenon is known as the fusion of the nucleus, and can cause a part of the radioactive material to end up coming out of the vessel. This was, in broad strokes and without entering the causes of the accident, which happened In Chernobil reactor 4 In 1986, but There are very important differences between the nuclear power plant that … Read more

Uranium centrifuges have triggered war between Israel and Iran. Without them it is impossible to have the atomic bomb

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Uranium centrifugers monopolize a good part of global attention since it began The last episode of the conflict between Israel and Iran on June 13. The government led by Benjamín Netanyahu has set as a fundamental objective dismantle the Iranian nuclear program that presumably seeks to develop the necessary technology to Manufacture atomic bombs. And to achieve it Israel and the US have bombarded The facilities in which Iran was carrying out the enrichment of uranium, such as the plants of Fordo, Isfahán and Natanz. According to Israel and the US, these Iranian nuclear facilities housed several hundred uranium centrifugers. It can even that several thousand of these machines. Its role in the nuclear program not only of Iran, but in that of any country with the ability to manufacture nuclear weapons, is to enrich 90%uranium. Otherwise it is not possible to use it to produce atomic fission pumps o Thermonuclear devices that combine fission and nuclear fusion. However, in these last pumps uranium is only used in the fission stage, which acts as a detonator of the nuclear fusion. In this last reaction two isotopes of hydrogen intervene: the deuterium and the tritium. Uranium-235 is the true protagonist of this story To precisely understand what is the purpose of uranium centrifuges it is necessary that we previously investigate in two isotopes of this chemical element Metallic, heavy and radioactive. Uranium is present in nature in very low concentrations, normally in rocks, land and water. Hence, its obtaining is expensive and its complex treatment, since it requires chemical processes capable of separating it from the other elements and impurities with which it usually lives. It has 92 protons and many other electrons orbiting around the nucleus, and the latter incorporates, in addition to the protons, between 142 and 146 neutrons. It is important that we remember that the nucleus of an atom is usually constituted by a certain number of protons and neutrons (although not always: the protio, the isotope of the most abundant hydrogen, has a single proton and no neutron in its nucleus), as well as by some electrons that orbit around it. The fact that the number of neutrons of the uranium nucleus may varyas we have just seen, it indicates that there are several isotopes of this chemical element, which are nothing other than atoms with the same number of protons and electrons, but different number of neutrons. In fission reactors and nuclear weapons it is used as uranium-235 fuel The reason why in the fission reactors and nuclear weapons is used as an uranium-235 fuel, and not another isotope of this element or any other chemical element, it consists that by bombarding its nucleus with a neutron (a process that is known as induced fission) the uranium-235 is transformed into uranium-236, which is a more unstable element. This simply means that Uranium-236 cannot remain long in its current state, so it is divided into two nuclei, one from Bario-144 and another of Crypton-89, and also emits two or three neutrons. And here comes the really interesting: the sum of the masses of the Bario-144 and Crypton-89 nuclei is slightly lower than the Uranium-236 nucleus from which they come (“disappears” around 0.1% of the original mass). Where has the mass we lack? Only one can be left: has been transformed into energy. Formula e = m c²probably the most popular in the history of physics, relates mass and energy, and what it says is simply that a certain amount of mass equals a specific amount of energy, even if the dough is at rest. In fact, the equivalence between mass and energy, proposed by Albert Einstein In 1905, he tells us something more important. The C of the formula represents the speed of light in a vacuum, which, as we all intuit, is a very large number (299,792,458 m/s). In addition, it is squared, which means that even a very, very small mass, such as the portion of the nucleus of an atom, although it is at rest contains a large amount of energy. This is what we know as resting energy. If the mass is in motion its total energy is greater than its resting energy. And, if we observe the equivalence between mass and energy, it is easy to realize that the mass of a body in motion too is greater than its resting massa phenomenon that It introduces us fully into relativistic physics. In any case, the energy we obtain by merging or fissting atomic nuclei comes from the force that keeps them together: Strong nuclear interaction. Understanding with some precision the relationship between mass and energy is important because it helps us understand how it is possible that a mass as small as that of an atom allows us to obtain such a large amount of energy. In any case, the nuclear fission process does not end here. And it is that each of the neutrons that we have obtained as a result of the disintegration of the Uranium-236 nucleus in the Bario-144 and Crypton-89 nuclei can interact with other physically nuclei, causing a chain reaction. However, not all neutrons emitted during the disintegration of the Uranium-236 nucleus will interact with a physirable nucleus. But they don’t need to do it all. It is enough that only one of those neutrons achieves it to obtain a stable number of fissures, and, therefore, a controlled reaction, which is the objective of the reactors of the nuclear power plants. Centrifugators serve to increase uranium-235 concentration The most abundant uranium isotope in nature is uranium-238. In fact, it represents approximately 99.3% of the total uranium. The problem is that this isotope is not physically. The uranium enrichment process seeks to increase the proportion of uranium-235, which, as we have seen, is physically, within the total mass of uranium. However, this last isotope is very scarce in nature. So much that only represents 0.7% of natural uranium. The nuclear reactors of the power plants require … Read more

Israel is not only attacking Iran with missiles. He also just steal 90 million dollars in cryptocurrencies

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It is not much less cryptocurrency theft more large in historybut those 90 million dollars are especially significant for whom they are involved and why. Those involved They are Israel and Iran. And why, unfortunately, The war that they maintain both nations. Israel hacking to Iran. The war between Israel and Iran is intensified, and does not only New and striking tactics On the battlefield. It also does it through cyber warmen. A group called Gonjeshke Darande, (predatory sparrow, in a translation from the Persian) Hackeo has been attributed of the Iranian market of Cryptodivisas Nobitex. Possible link to Israel. There is no definitive evidence of a direct link between the Government of Israel and this grip hacker, Sophos experts indicate. Rafe Pilling, Director of Intelligence of Threats in that firm, explained that the cyber attack had all the characteristics of an attack supported by a government. 90? Millions of dollars. The Hacker Group has achieved according to The Guardian steal 90 million dollars, although the page of the Wikipedia Persian edition It indicates that the robbery amounted to 3.76 billion rials, about 47 million dollars, although that money may be stolen from one of the two troonscan wallets destination From Gonjeshke Darende they have also threatened to publish both the company’s internea information and the source code of its cryptodivsis purchase platform. The final amount is not entirely clear, and According to Cointegraph It is exceeding 81.7 million dollars. Cold purses, safe. The attack, They support Nobitexhas allowed to steal the cryptocurrencies of the “hot” purses of the platform, used to facilitate daily transactions. He has not affected cold, safer purses. Nubitex blocked access to the platform as soon as they and those responsible say that “all damages will be compensated through the insurance fund.” In a later message They have revealed that the impact of the attack is “more complex than it was initially estimated.” And above, Internet cuts. From Nobitex they explain that their capacity to respond to cyber attack has also been affected by the cuts in the country’s internet infrastructure, “together with limited access to the facilities due to the current national crisis.” They hope to recover and restore their services in the next 4 or 5 days, but in the meantime the platform is still unable to be accessed. A hacking with political motivation.Yehor Rudytsia, security researcher at the Hacken firm, said in Cintelegraph how this cyber attack is more “a political statement than a robbery with economic motivation.” In fact, according to The Guardian the hackers have “burned” those funds storing them in custom addresses (“Vanity Addresses“) that they do not have a known private password or possibility of recovering. For example, a purse such as” 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 Transferring cryptocurrencies to this type of addresses is actually destroying them voluntarily by leaving them blocked forever. The hackers have used directions with variations of the term “Jo *** Osterrorists”. Image | Wikipedia | Art Rachen In Xataka | Iran and Israel are starting another war in the background: that of the false images created with AI

There are almost no images of the conflict between Israel and Iran. That is why we are starting to generate them with ia

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At the user level, the popularization of artificial intelligence is leading to everyday uses (of cheat until helping us Organize the day) already debates that affect us all (ecological, labor and Ethics). But its use is also in the hands of governments and, when they conflict, artificial intelligence becomes a valuable weapon of soft war and propaganda on a global scale. He Wask between Iran and Israel He is leaving us a few examples. The images about these lines are not real. They are generated by AI. When the Gulf War in 1991 It was said that it would be the first war that we would see live, and now we are prolonging that same idea but taken to the extreme … and seasoned with manipulation of information through artificial intelligences. Images and videos disseminated in social networks and messaging apps, where we can see live bombings, but where not everything is real. These are images of some assumptions F-35 demolished by the Iranian army, data backed by the news of the country. Israel denied it quickly. And you just have to take a look at the second photo to see that it is false: what absurd size does that hunt have? And the buildings in the lower corner are smaller than people. That did not prevent thousands of people from spreading the images in their accounts, giving them by legitimate. And also videos. The arrival of the potent I see 3 Google has helped generate videos in line with these photos. The Tehran Times, means of Iranian communication, disseminates videos where it is presumed to gigantic missiles that do not exist. How do we know? I have left the seeing water mark in the video. Something similar happened with a supposed bombardment in Tel Avivwhose images are easy to identify as generated by AI. The person responsible for all of them is the account 3AMelyonnwhich is defined as “artificial intelligence resistance”, and whose videos are also spread on Telegram. With the permission of the high positions. These actions are not always a matter of disinformation in networks. Iran’s supreme leader, Sayyid Ali Khamenei, tweet images of Iranian missiles to Israel generated by chatgptand the Israeli defense minister generates Genuine visual garbage (which The Anglo -Saxons call ‘Ai Slop’) of propaganda type of which Facebook and other networks crowd. It is not strange that the leaders of both sides join the iconographic war: it is a way not only to spread harmful propaganda for the other side, but to supply the informative limitations suffered by citizens. Please, only AI. In fact, there is another reason for the dissemination of propaganda through AI to be backed by the respective governments of Iran and Israel: when citizens spread images of killings in the cities, it was feared that with these videos they would give strategic clues to the other side. AI is a way to ensure that no one takes advantage of those videos. According to 404 mediaIsrael requested from its citizens in a statement by social networks: “The enemy examines these documents to improve their objectives. Be responsible, do not share locations on the network.” AI thus becomes a tool to share propaganda that is not strategically sensitive. How to identify artificial intelligence. The companies that create the generative tools are responsible for marking the results that their IASs yield. In addition to easily visible and editable water marks, Google AI includes an invisible, Synthidbut it has a problem set: you have to download the video that may appear, for example, on social networks, and then upload it to the Synthid platform. They are minutes, perhaps lost hours, during which perhaps the false video has reached millions of people. A very valuable time in terms of propaganda. Header | 404Media In Xataka | Welcome to the “mcdonaldization” of AI: we have cheap chatbots for mass, and ultra -premium products for the elite

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