America

Latin America has begun its railway rebirth and there is someone very interested: China

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The appearance of the railroad and the Expansion of your infrastructure It marked a point and apart. It was the beginning of a new era of mobility for people and, above all, for goods. However, it did not develop at the same speed worldwide. The US prioritized goods against travelers, while Europe, Japan either China They focused on the population movement. In Latin America, history is somewhat more complicated, but they want to catch up with dozens of projects and billions under their arm. It is already considered as the railway reborn in Latin America, and China has a lot to say. Difficulties. Talking about Latin America as a single entity is wrong, but there are elements that many of their countries share, and one is the topography. They are territories that have great natural obstacles such as mountains and jungles that would have to be overcome. They also have a geographical dispersion Great, raising costs when connecting farther and more isolated regions. It is a very different situation from that of the great European or American plains. Priorities. There are not just problems Logistics: The priorities when developing the first networks were not the current ones. Instead of thinking about ways of bringing people from one place to another with ease or creating large merchandise nuclei that nourish with a large railway network, many of the lines were born with a very concrete objective: connect agricultural or mining farms with export ports. The priority was to move the material outside the country, so a comprehensive network was not designed (in many cases) that moved goods and passengers between large cities or countries, leaving unconnected systems that are not very useful for internal transport. Obviously, the privatizationpolitical conflicts and state weakness fragmented all plans, causing a long -term lack of vision, in some cases, which prevented optimal development of networks. Change of course. For example, Argentina, Mexico or Brazil lived the railway boom at the beginning of the 20th century, but once that period spent, many systems came into decline and succumbed to disconnection. However, things are changing. One of the greatest examples is Mayan trainthe great tourist project of Mexico that, using old tours, sought to create a tour of some of the country’s largest archaeological treasures to put them in value and Promote tourism Without heating your head with trips. It is not the only project. Recently, the administration of Claudia Sheinbaum said he plans to launch some 3,000 kilometers of paths for passenger transportconnecting the main cities of the interior of Mexico with Texas and Arizona. In other countries such as Argentina -16 billion dollars in modernization of roads with financing of CAF and Chinese companies-, Chile and Peru -with the corridor of the Peruvian coastal network and Metro and Tram- or Colombia projects, steps are also being taken for that modernization, but if Mexico handles one of the largest projects, that of Brazil is not far behind. Latin America is dreaming big. There are multiple rail initiatives. Most countries seek to improve and modernize their rail systems to build non -pollutant networks, “Héctor Varela, CAF Transport Specialist Colossal. It is estimated that the Latin American giant has 50 planned projects for those who will need 81,600 million dollars and, in addition to Metro projects, highlights the expansion of its passenger network and something that compared to the Panama Canalbut of the trains. The first, the country wants to expand its transport network of 2,007 kilometers up to 4,500 kilometers by 2054. Bioceanic Ferrovia. On the other hand, we have a project that has become One of the most ambitious of South America. The Bioceanic Ferroviaor bioceanic rail corridor, It will be a line which will unite Pacific and Atlantic connecting the port of Santos in Brazil with that of Bayóvar in Peru. It will cross key territories from Brazil, Bolivia and Chile with a total of 3,700 kilometers of roads and with possible ramifications to Paraguay and Argentina. The objective is to transport more than 10 million tons of goods per year (with the focus on agricultural product and strategic goods such as minerals). It is that “Panama Canal by train ”that will help reinforce trade between these countries, but also allow China to move rapid merchandise to and from Brazil. In fact, China plays a role central both in financing and in the conception of megaproject, since it is a form of position themselves strategically in the region. Challenges and pocket. In total, it is estimated that Latin America has 155 rail projects on the table, with an estimated investment of 384,000 million dollars until 2050. As we read in BnamericasIn addition, this need for money is distributed quite equitably among the different countries: Brazil would need 81,600 million dollars. Colombia 74.2 billion dollars. Peru about 63.9 billion dollars. Mexico another 63,200 million dollars. These are the estimates of the Development Bank of Latin America and the Caribbean, but also of money, land and climatic conditions will be a challenge. In recent months, in one of the segments they had to paralyze The works due to rainfall that exceeded 1,000 milliliters, but in addition, very mountainous areas that will make construction will have to go through, although some sections are estimated They will start to work in 2028. Likewise, taking into account that it is an unprecedented work, colossal interstate coordination is also required that can be affected if there are changes of government and a last minute revenue. Images | Terra Chillán, The Guille! In Xataka | If something has taught us summer is that Spain does not need more trains. Simply need to work

Latin America and Africa are a juicy caramel for car manufacturers. And the Chinese industry is already moving file

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The Chinese automotive industry has launched to the ambitious adventure to conquer the world. Yes last year We were talking about tariffs And both the United States and Europe looking for trying stop the expansion of the Chinese electric carnow we talk about huge ships from the main companies bringing their cars. But China Not only is your eye on Europe. It is already moving towards Africa and Latin America. Restrictions. Apart from bringing their cars to our borders, Chinese companies are moving forms for expand your dealer network in Europeas well as They operate their own factories. To ‘skip’ tariffs and restrictions, instead of manufacturing cars in the usual way, they do so by removal kits and put. But it is evident that these tariffs imposed on the electric car have been the trigger for the export to the West to cover other territories. In fact, brands such as ByD came to rethink their international strategy in some markets, and those alternative destinations outside the traditional axis are those that have lower commercial protection and greater growth potential. Africa (the north, especially) and some Latin American countries stand out for their lower customs obstacles and local policies that encourage the industry.

The “richest treasure in America” ​​is not a pyramid, but the imposing collection of a Mixteca princess of 800 years ago

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Mexico is an inexhaustible source of pre -Hispanic treasures findings. We continue discovering vestiges of the past practically every week and it is something that He has shot with the Mayan train project and with the latest technology tools. Thanks to the latter, we have been able to find hidden pyramids, Underground areas And it is something that can give a push in the Study of old structures. However, there are pieces that, although we discover a few years ago, are still of great value. An example is the treasure of the tomb 7 of Monte Albán, which some continue to consider “the richest treasure in America.” Not only are hundred pieces, but they have a really enviable state of conservation. The Mixteca Treasure of Tomb 7 In January 1932, Dr. Alfonso Caso discovered at the archaeological site of Tomb 7 of Monte Albán one of the biggest pre -Hispanic treasures in history. At the time of its finding, a first restoration was carried out, but care was also carried out both in 1944 and a few years ago, with the objective not only of studying the pieces, but of restoring those that were precise and carrying out an adequate conservation process. In total, it is a set of more than 230 pieces made with sacred materials in the pre -Hispanic era, such as gold, silver, rock glass and precious stones such as turquoise, obsidian and green stone. The state of conservation of many of these objects is imposing. There are also less striking objects such as those made from bone or an alabaster pot. But … Where do these luxury objects come from? INAH researchers They offered context to the pieces, affirming that their origins date from the union of a lord of the dynasty of Zaachila and a Mixtec lady at some point between the 1,200 and 1,400 after Christ. Skull decorated with turquoise mosaics and shells Rock glass glass Locked bone with turquoise embedding Specifically, from the National Institute of Anthropology and History they comment that it was a union between “Mr. 5 Flor, of the Zaachila dynasty, with the princess of the Mixteco kingdom of Teoxacualco, Mrs. 4 Rabbit ‘Quetzal’”. The princess would have used the tomb 7 as a sanctuary to deposit the Tnaniwrappers in which the relics of the ancestors such as effigies of great value and other luxurious objects were kept. And, judging by the photos of the articles, the princess’s treasure was not small, precisely. Now, when these articles were found, they did not look as well as in the photographs that accompany these lines. According to INAH, it was necessary and meticulous restoration process so that we can admire the details of each of these pieces. Mask that represents the god Xipe Totec made in molten and soldier gold A pot with support manufactured in alabaster Bezote that represents the head of a jade stone foisan. The posterior plug is gold sheet This includes the recovery of the properties of its color, the polished finish of some objects and the reflective power of others. In whatever it may be, work was worth work, since the collection has an imposing presence and, beyond the photographs that INAH himself Share On its website (where we can see descriptions of each object), you can see live in room III of the Museum of Cultures of Oaxaca. And, in addition to admiring the goldsmithing of each piece, it is interesting to note that this treasure is important because it demonstrates not only how certain materials already worked on what they gave importance, but some of them were achieved thanks to the exchange and trade networks between different Mesoamerican sites. This is something extremely significant that, little by little, we are knowing and that tells us about the cultural wealth of some sites. A recent example is the study of Channels from Mexico City That, precisely, it was an imposing cultural center thanks to those commercial activities. Images | INAH In Xataka | The Maya played football. And now we know that under the courts they buried a hallucinogenic surprise *An earlier version of this article was published in August 2024

Walmart has already approved the first green hydrogen truck in Latin America. Its great limit: the load infrastructure

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What if the future of heavy logistics in Latin America had already begun, and would have done it with a single truck? In a region where the transport of goods depends largely on diesel engines, Walmart has achieved homologation of the First Tonnage Tonnage Moved by Green Hydrogen. It happens in Chile, with a vehicle that, on paper, It can exceed 700 km of operation without issuing CO2. It is a test, for the moment. But one that marks the beginning of something much bigger. Chile has not only been the country chosen to test this truck: it has also been the engine of a public-private collaboration that seeks to open the way in heavy transport without emissions. Walmart participates in the Hidrohaul program, promoted by the Corporation for Production Promotion (Corfo), with an initial investment of 6.15 million dollars and a clear goal: Check if this technology can climb. An experiment that can mark a before and after For Walmart, the experiment fits with Its global objective to decarbonize all its logistics operation before 2040. For Chile, it is a general essay of what could become a National Transportation Network Green hydrogen driven. Manufactured by the Chinese company Feichi Technologythe truck uses a hydrogen fuel battery that generates the electricity that feeds its engine. Can transport up to 49 tons and is designed to travel up to 750 km per full load with 75 kg of hydrogen. Although it does not seem, this truck is also an electric vehicle. The difference is how that electricity generates. Instead of loading a battery connecting to the network, use a Hydrogen fuel battery: A system that mixes hydrogen with oxygen to produce electricity, water and heat. That electricity feeds an electric motor that drives the truck. There is no combustion, there is no CO2. And as a byproduct, it only emits water vapor. It is a different way to reach the same destination: a heavy transport without emissions. It all starts in Quilicurain the metropolitan area of Santiago. There, Walmart Chile installed in 2023 The first green hydrogen industrial plant in the countryin collaboration with Engie. The installation has a 0.6 MW electrolyzer which uses electricity from renewable sources – solar and wind – to separate water molecules and generate hydrogen. That plant not only supplies the new truck: it also feeds a fleet of hydrogen lifting wheelbarrows that already operate in the logistics center. The refueling, the great challenge for this to climb The autonomy of the truck is sufficient to operate within the central area of the country, but not beyond. Today there is no public network of trucks for trucks. The challenge is not only technical, but also logistical and economic: how many trucks will need to justify a hydroiner? ¿Where to place them To cover routes without wasting resources? In scenarios like Californiathe order of dozens of high volume stations is projected to serve several thousand trucks towards the beginning of the next decade. Chile will have to solve its own puzzle. The big question is not whether hydrogen works, but it is worth betting on it. In long -running trucks, it has clear advantages: autonomy, quick recharges, zero emissions and lower impact of weight than in pure electric. But it is still a expensive technology, with a limited refueling network and a lower energy efficiency compared to other options. It is not a universal solution, but a useful tool on the right place. That is precisely what Chile is trying to find out: if the hydrogen fits on its real logistics map. Images | Walmart Chile In Xataka | Welcome to the silent collapse of energy: In the US, AI is beginning to drain the country’s electricity

There is a region in Latin America that has more oil than all Saudi Arabia. And yet it produces 12 times less

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To the east of Venezuela, the Orinoco oil strip wants to return to its golden age, but faces political, economic and technical challenges. Venezuela has the largest proven oil reserve in the world: 300,878 million barrels. To put it in perspective, Saudi Arabia has in its territory a reserve of 267,000 million barrels. A Treasury. The Venezuelan crude is concentrated in the Orinoco oil strip, a region of 55,314 square kilometers east of the country that extends over the Orinoco River basin. The Orinoco oil girdle It is rich in heavy and extrapeted oil, a type of dense and viscous crude that requires more expensive and challenging refining processes to transform into usable products, such as gasoline and diesel. The twenty -first country in oil production. The Orinoco oil strip has been known since January 1936, when the American company Standard Oil of New Jersey did the first well: “La Canoa-1”, in the state of Anzoátegui. But gigantic. Despite its age, the Orinoco oil strip remains the largest crude oil reserve. And yet, he has been unable to lift his head for years due to the political and technical and economic sanctions that surround it. In its oil peak, Venezuela produced three million barrels per day. Today is the Twenty -first country in the world In oil production with 770,000 barrels a day, from behind even neighboring Colombia. The United States, Saudi Russia and Arabia lead the ranking with 8-12 million barrels per day. A challenge and an opportunity. The sanctions on Venezuelan oil, led by the United States government, rose for six months in October 2023, which allowed a shy return of foreign companies to the Orinoco oil strip. The moratorium evidenced that the Venezuelan oil sector has problems beyond the political; structural problems. After years of negligence, corruption and economic crisis, Venezuelan oil needs foreign investment to modernize the expensive infrastructure with which it extracts and processes heavy crude. Although the sanctions were activated last year as a pressure measure of the Biden administration against the government of Nicolás Maduro, now foreign companies have the opportunity to obtain individual licenses to mitigate their effect, which shows some sprout of hope for a country in which oil remains an economic engine. The Petroleum Momentum of Latin America. The modernization of infrastructure, the attraction of foreign investment and the stabilization of the economy are crucial steps, but we do not know if enough to recover all the economic potential of the Orinoco oil strip. The context seems flattering. Latin American countries are involved in A “gold fever” of oil in which the most extreme case is that of the also Guyana neighbor, which has seen a growth of 33% of GDP thanks to the reserves discovered in its coasts in 2015. Meanwhile, Brazil has climbed to the 8th place in the world production of oil and Mexico is in the 11th place. What if falling? The question that floats in the air is the same for all these countries, what will happen to their investments when the expected drop in oil demand By effect of energy transition? For now, much of the world moves as if we were going to continue burning oil for many years. Maybe that is the answer. Images | EFOFAC, Wilfredor In Xataka | The Falkland Islands rest over 500 million barrels of oil. Now the United Kingdom wants to authorize its extraction *An earlier version of this article was published in July 2024

ELON MUSK: “If the Demential Project of Expenditure is approved, América Party will be founded the next day.” It has just been approved

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Just a month ago, Elon Musk left The Oval Office giving a virtual door to Donald Trump, who reproached that without the millions he had donated to his campaign Today would not be president. In addition, he accused the president of appearing In Epstein’s listlinking Trump with the networks of prostitution and abuse of minors. More calm the spirits, the CEO of Tesla said that its political stage had come to an end And he was going to dedicate all his energies to solve the serious difficulties that the car manufacturer is going through. The promise It has lasted a month. Musk now not only returns to the political field, but has even proposed to create a new political party: America party. It will be that the goat always pulls the mountain. The origin of the idea: a survey. The distancing between Musk and Trump was made public when both They starred in a discussion in X. In that context, Musk launched A survey to your followers asking them if he should create a new political party that represented 80% of voters who do not feel identified either with Democrats or with Republicans. The result was overwhelming: 80.4% of the participants supported the idea of ​​a new game, although the proposal was pause at that time. In Musk’s words: “Our country needs an alternative to Democratic-Republican Unipartisanism so that people really have a voice.” Musk’s criticisms of Trump’s “great and beautiful law.” Since the presentation of Trump’s new budget law, popularly known as the “great and beautiful law” (One Big Beautiful Tax Bill), Musk was especially critical. Touch the image to go to the original message Such and As you collect the BBCMusk denounced that these regulations perpetuate the United States dependence on the debt, raise the expense roof and expand tax exemptions for large fortunes and companies, while cutting health benefits and services for the most disadvantaged. Musk did not hesitate to qualify the law as “a disgusting abomination”, And he added: “Shame for those who have voted it, they know they have done wrong. They know it.” While the new budget law is being debated in the Senate, Musk insists on his offensive and attacking this law on this occasion on this occasion. With A message in xthe millionaire has threatened to boycott the re -election of all those who support the new law in the next primary of the Republican Party, ensuring that “they will lose their primaries next year even if it is the last thing he does on this earth.” For Musk, who have campaigned to reduce government spending and now vote in favor of the greatest increase in debt in history “they should bend the head of shame.” Trump without hair on the tongue. Donald Trump has not remained silent before Musk’s attacks to his bill. From your social networkTrump recalled that Musk “has had more subsidies than any other human being in history, without subsidies, should close the store and return home in South Africa.” In addition, the president has threatened to send to DOGE, the Department of Government Efficiency that Until now Musk had directedto review all the Magnate contracts, ensuring that Cularing on satellitesrockets and electric cars “would save a fortune.” Trump has also stressed that Musk knew from the first moment that the Budget Law was a fundamental part of his campaign, a campaign that Musk himself “had supported with such vehemence.” Vox Populi, Vox Dei. Making use From the popular judgment in Latin, “the voice of the people is the voice of God”, Musk took the survey on the creation of a new party again out of the manga ensuring that If the law is approved, the next day it would found the America party. “Our country needs an alternative to Democratic-Republican Unipartisanism so that people really have a voice,” wrote the millionaire. Touch the image to go to the original message As advances The avant -gardethe law has just been approved, so we are waiting for the next Musk movement. Of course, one of the options does not seem to be to keep your attention In Tesla’s problems either of Spacex. In Xataka | We knew that the CEO of large companies were very well paid. What we didn’t know was how much their salary had risen Image | Flickr(Gage Skidmore)

The arrival of the human being to South America, seen through the DNA of the heirs of the last great migration

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Throughout our history as a species, Homo sapiens We have managed to reach the most remote corners on Earth. Millennia before the era of exploration, our ancestors undertook a trip that took them out of Africa and populate the great continental masses from Europe to South America. Among all these great migrations, one of the most surprising was the one that led humans from Siberia to Patagonia, a 10,000 trip whose details are knowing. History in genes. A new genetic study has given us new clues on the great migration that resulted in the population of the Americas. A migration of 20,000 kilometers whose implications still last in aspects as apparently distant as health. The study allowed to draw the history of migrations until the considered “final border” of human migrations, Tierra del Fuego, Explain the team responsible for the study. History of a millennia trip. This great migration would have begun in Siberia between 27,000 and 19,000 years ago Approximately during the last glaciation, in what we know today as the Bering Strait would have formed a “bridge” of land due to a lower sea level than the present. Through Alaska, these populations would have arrived in North America, but the expansion through this continent would have been only an intermediate stage. The study focuses on the second part of the trip, when part of the new American population crossed the Central American Isthmus to enter the last continent in being populated. The last border. The new genetic analysis allows us to know how humans expanded in South America. The responsible team detected that lineages In this continent they began to diverge with each other between 14,000 and 10,000 years ago. From this point, the South American population began to separate into four groups. The first to disintegrate was those who populated the Amazon basin, while the rest was distributed among the high areas of the Andes mountain range, the desert area of ​​the Chaco, and finally, Patagonia. Reading migration in genes. For its study, the team sequenced the genomes of 1,537 individuals belonging to 139 villages of the continent. The details of the study were published In an article In the magazine Science. Very long -term implications. The consequences of this migratory movement and its vicissitudes still last and some of them still weigh on the native peoples of South America, especially as a consequence of the isolation of some of these populations with respect to the rest of humanity. This could explain why some populations were more susceptible to the introduction of infectious diseases by the first Europeans to reach the continent. “Those migrants carried only a subset of the genetic heritage in their ancestral populations (…). Thus, reduced genetic diversity also caused a reduced diversity in immunity -related genes, which can limit flexibility when fighting several infectious diseases,” stood out in a press release Kim Hie Lim, Co -author of the study. From the past to the present. Knowing new data on the genetics of American peoples can also help us in the present. This information is valuable when studying treatments of genetic diseases, or to better understand the functioning and impact of certain medications. In addition, the closest relationship between American and Asian populations implies new data on a population that, recalls the team responsible for the new work, covers 50% of the world’s population. In Xataka | A cave has revealed the macabre Mayan ceremony to honor its gods: there are 100 bones and none is where it should Image | Soyyosycocomiel / Martin St-Amant

Spotify will rise in price this summer in Europe and Latin America, according to FT. Some countries will be out of adjustment

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Everything indicates that Spotify will adjust its prices again. According to Financial Timesthe streaming giant plans a new climb that will affect several countries in Europe and Latin America as soon as this summer. It would be a strategic change that, for the moment, has not been officially announced and that relies on anonymous sources. What seems clear is that the United States would be out of movement. It is not a minor detail: it is its largest market and already lived a price increase in July last year. The scope of the adjustment is not yet confirmed. There is no concrete list of affected countries, but the British medium offers clues that allow anticipating the course. In recent weeks, and almost silently, Spotify has increased its rates in the Netherlands and Luxembourg. In both cases, the price of the individual plan has gone from 10.99 to 12.99 euros per month. For the rest of Europe and Latin America, however, there is talk of a more gradual approach. According to these same sources, the company would be considering a rise of only 1 euro in the individual plan. It would be a more content adjustment, probably to avoid any adverse reaction in markets where there are millions of customers. In the case of Spain, the history of upload is limited. For more than ten years, the individual plan remained at 9.99 euros. It was not until July 2023 when Spotify applied its first adjustmentraising the price up to 10.99 euros. If the rumors are confirmed, the new price could be at 11.99 euros per month from this summer. It should be remembered that in the United States, where the climb is already a fact, users are currently paying $ 11.99 a month for the same plan. It will be necessary to see how the market reacts if this new round of increases is formalized. And above all, what countries are finally included. At the moment, the only certain thing is that Spotify moves. And it is not an isolated movement. All this happens at a key moment for the company. Spotify has just registered benefits after 18 years accumulating losses. A milestone that marks a before and after in its financial strategy. Besides, The rumors point to work in a new subscription that would finally include audio in high fidelity. A long -awaited promise that could be part of the redesign of its offer to justify the new price positioning. Images | Emojisprout emojisprout.com | Eyestetix Studio In Xataka | Modern algorithms decide for us to see. YouTube is the last redoubt where the algorithm does not choose for you

After years of failures, Telefónica has gradually left Latin America. Peru has come directly running

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Telefónica has sold its subsidiary in Peru to Argentina integrates Tec for 900,000 euros, As announced by Teleco. An almost symbolic price, but also an end point to one of its greatest headaches in Latin America. The operation includes the sale of 99.3% of unpaid financial shares and credits. Why is it important. This operation represents more than a divestment. It is a surgical cut. Telefónica reduces your exhibition in a market with strong regulatory instability, unsolved tax conflicts –still claims 1,122 million to the Peruvian state– and a chronic operational deterioration. Between the lines. Telefónica has not made a sale, has signed a release. The business in Peru accumulated a debt of more than 1.2 billion euros and registered losses of 872 million only in 2024. Its subsidiary was in creditors and the perspectives were increasingly worse. In detail: Integra assumes the debt and launches an OPA for the remaining 0.7%. The pending credit (394 million euros) will be partially disbursed by both parties. Operational continuity is guaranteed for 13 million customers. The creditors’ contest is still underway, now led by Integra. The backdrop. Peru is not an isolated case. Telefónica has already left Argentina and Colombia among other countries in the continent. And in a hurry. The strategy is clear: retire from Latin Americaexcept Brazil, before years of diminishing profitability. The focus moves to Europe and more foreseeable markets. Yes, but. Although it relieves a dead weight, Telefónica does not escape unharmed. The fiscal litigation in Ciadi is still open. The reputation has been touched after years of inaction and frustrated promises of restructuring. And the departure price – which costs an apartment in Arganzuela – briefs. In perspective. Telefónica Peru was, for decades, a jewel of its international expansion. Now it is a symbol of the decomposition of a model that failed to adapt or resist. Close this chapter in Peru weighs more in the strategy than in accounting. Now it remains to check if this turn is enough to clean up the group’s balance, although Pallete reduced his debt in half… or if there are more uncomfortable chapters to write. In Xataka | 100 years after his birth, Telefónica faces the greatest existential dilemma in its history: what wants to be older Outstanding image | Telefónica Peru

The United States of Kailasa have appropriated indigenous lands in Latin America. And who are they? Well nobody knows

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At some point in 2023, a man approached several enclaves of Ecuador and Paraguay with An irrevious offer. The guy ended up signing symbolic agreements of “sister cities” even in Newark, United States. Did it in the name of the Kailasa nationand its last appropriation occurred in Amazonian lands of Bolivia. There was only a small “but”: neither man nor Kailasa existed as such. Invent. He self -proclaimed “Sovereign State of the United States of Kailasa”, led by the controversial Indian Guru Swami Nithyanandahe has returned to the headlines, this time for A scandal of international proportions. Although Kailasa does not exist as a recognized entity, it has been presented by its followers as the first nation for Hindu in the world, with its own “cosmic” constitution, passports, sacred coin in gold and even an alleged central bank. However, this fantasy construction has given Bruces with reality when Bolivia’s authorities recently arrested 20 people linked to Kailasaaccusing them of “land traffic” after having negotiated lease contracts with Amazonian indigenous communities for a thousand years. Reinventing sovereignty. Nithyananda, whose real name is Arunachalam Rajasekaran, is a Hindu exmonje that built A spiritual empire From India to multiple cities on the planet. After being accused of rapeChild Torture and Abuse, fled from India in 2019 and reappeared proclaiming the foundation of Kaillasa, a “resurrection” of ancestral Hindu kingdoms. In his speeches, the man claims to have supernatural powers How to open the “third eye”, delay dawn or guide the reincarnation of billionaires such as Bill Gates or Warren Buffet, assuring them that rich will be born again if they deposit their fortune in a background managed by him. Its logic is clear: if you manage to convince the rich that you need eternal immunity, then the creation of a fictional state can become useful. A nation as an immunity strategy. Based on an unidentified region of South America or the Caribbean, Nithyananda argues that he chose his exile for the Advantages of diplomatic immunity that would allow him his role as head of state. In fact, Kailasa has tried to consolidate as a real nation: its envoys have posed with high profile politicians, including Mayor of Newark and American congressmen, and have even intervened in UN forums. However, these appearances have caused Political crises and resignationsas happened in Paraguay and the United States, discovering that it was a assembly without legal or territorial legitimacy. Attempt for appropriation. In Bolivia, the Kilasians entered as tourists and infiltrated official events, achieving even photograph With President Luis Arce. Was The newspaper El Due Who uncovered the case: Kailasa’s followers negotiated with the Baure community, an Amazon Ethnicity, offering help after the latest forest fires. The conversations resulted in an agreement that initially seemed to be a lease for 25 years and an annual payment of almost 200,000 dollars. However, the contract delivered (in English and more than a thousand years) included the exploitation of natural resources and the use of airspace. Despite the warnings, indigenous leaders signed. Today, one of them He has admitted to the media that: “We made the mistake of listening to them.” Spiritual manipulation. Indigenous leaders have denounced Feel deceived. In subsequent statements, they said that Kaillase representatives offered humanitarian and environmental aid after forest fires, but ended up demanding the signing of documents that did not understand at all and never imagined that they would imply the assignment of their ancestral lands. The organization Multi -ethnic indigenous territory IIwhich represents the peoples That exjasaid that some of its members were manipulated and pressured To sign, under the promise of easy benefits. In a sharp statement, they made it clear that: “Our territory is not sold, does not rent and is not subject to any type of negotiation. It is the legacy of generations that defended it with blood and resistance.” Legal and diplomatic consequences. The Bolivian government declared The null agreementsarrested those involved and deported them to their countries of origin: India, the United States, Sweden and China. The Foreign Ministry clarified that Bolivia does not recognize diplomatic relations with any entity called ‘Kailasa’, and denounced the facts as a scam. False documents and environmental conservation promises were part of the deception, and although there is no evidence that Nithyananda was physically in Bolivia, it is thought that its emissary network operated as a parallel diplomacy for illegitimate purposes. Religious dystopia. Be that as it may, the Kailasa case It highlights a sophisticated form of colonialism disguised as spiritual diplomacy, where the religious symbol becomes a legal weapon to strip indigenous communities of its territorial heritage. Beyond the apparent absurdity, what happened in Bolivia, and before in Ecuador and Paraguay (or even the United States), was a systematic attempt to install fictitious sovereignty on real territories, and all this with legal, political and cultural implications. In a dystopian crossing between the unusual and the alarming, magical realism does not seem to be in the contracts, but in the fact that they almost worked. Image | Kailasa, Nithyananda Dhyanapetam In Xataka | Christian sects: there are more (and more geeks) than you could imagine In Xataka | The peculiar utopia of Auroville, the city without money, political parties or religion

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