understand

Satellite images have revealed what happened to one of Russia’s biggest arsenals. Now we understand Moscow’s silence

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On April 22 the satellites began to point out A point on the planeta change only perceptible through the images from space offered a first track of what was happening about 60 kilometers from Moscow. Despite the weather conditions of that day and the low resolution of the optical data captured by the Sentinel-2 satellite From the European Space Agency, the damages were clearly visible. An explosion had “burst” the 51st arsenal of the main missile and artillery direction of the Russian Ministry of Defense. Total devastation of Arsenal. Visual confirmation was reinforced by radar images Synthetic opening (SAR) capable of penetrating clouds and smoke, which showed significant structural alterations in the complex nucleus. The comparison between images Taken on April 14 and 23, it indicated that at least 30 buildings destined to storage of ammunition had been completely destroyed. Explosions, evacuations and blackouts. The day after the explosion, the secondary detonations They still continuedunderlining the magnitude of the stored material. The strength of the outbreak forced Evacuate eight nearby townswhile 37 settlements were left without gas supply. The most remote evacuated town was 4.5 kilometers from Arsenal. NASA fire monitoring system data also confirmed the existence of multiple igneous foci Within the perimeter, coinciding with the analysis of the intelligence expert (OSINT) MT Anderson, who used additional filters to detect heat points and Confirm destruction Massive infrastructure. A strategic arsenal. Then the magnitude of what happened began to be known. He 51st Arsenal Grau It was not simply a deposit of ammunition. As one of the Eight main arsenals that still operated in the European part of Russia, its function was key both in the distribution and in the logistics maintenance of the Moscow weapons. Three of those eight arsenals had already been destroyed for 2024, which turned this loss into a considerable strategic blow for the Kremlin military supply chain. Arsenal was designed to house Up to 264,000 tons of explosive material. Among the remains found after the explosion were identified 107 mm rockets for Multiple type 63 rocket Chinese manufacturing, many of which were recorded spread around local residents, suggesting that part of the material was stored outpatient and had recently been delivered. The catastrophe, or the attacknot only compromised Russian logistics operability in the Ukrainian conflict, but raised (once again) serious doubts about the security of its own arsenal in times of war. Images of the British report with the before and after the explosions A self -inflicted blow. Now, and after A study Of all the images and confidential information of the intelligence of the United Kingdom Ministry of Defense, it has been confirmed that the cause of the incident was not “external”, but a combination of bad practices in the management of armament and a negligent storage management by Russia. British research, in fact, is reinforced by the declaration of the Russian Defense Ministry itself, which, in silence from the incident without offering more data, there were attributed the disaster to the “violation of security requirements” in the manipulation of explosive materials. For the United Kingdom, the event is not an isolated case, but the reflection of a prolonged and documented trend of “Russian ineptitude in the treatment of its own ammunition”, although that yes, in this case it represents the greatest loss of self -inflicted arsenal since the beginning of the large -scale war in Ukraine. Strategic installation We already said it before. The affected deposit was a key installation for the war supply of the Kremlin on the Ukrainian front and, according to figures from the Ukrainian authorities cited by the United Kingdomhosted around hundreds of thousands of tons of ammunition, including ballistic missiles, projectiles thrown from air and anti -aircraft systems. Satellite images verified by the insider medium They also revealed that more than a square kilometer of the complex was affected by the detonations, which suggests that massive and prolonged destruction, with multiple fires and a chain of secondary explosions that, According to disseminated videos In social networks, they even reached nearby civil areas. Error pattern. In addition, it is not the first time that the arsenal of the 51st Grau suffers incidents of this type. Insider told That in June 2022, Russian state media reported a spontaneous explosion during loading and unloading operations that cost four people. The pattern is consistent with British complaint: A continuous chain of operational errors and insufficient security measures that make critical facilities into vulnerable points within the Russian military apparatus. The lack of technical discipline and effective prevention protocols has not only generated large material losses, but also has compromised the safety of populated areas in times of war. Consequences. If you want also, the incident gives wings to the rhetoric of the West. The impact of this catastrophe transcends the material. The destruction of one of the main deposits of Russian ammunition not only weakens the immediate logistics capabilities of Moscow in its offensive against Ukraine, but also reinforces an idea increasingly sustained Among the “alidos”: that of a corroded military power for structural failures, operational improvisation and a dangerous carefree for the most basic security standards. Seen thus, in full prolonged war and with its supply lines under pressure, losing tens of thousands of tons of armament due to internal negligence constitutes a defeat with several readings. Image | Maxar In Xataka | Russia launched its fearsome nuclear missile Satan II last week, the “Invincible Weapon” of Putin. It was regular In Xataka | The US has detected an object in space with strange behavior. The source that released it has also located: Russia

When reality overwhelms, we seek to understand it in fiction

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The first thing that many Spaniards did as they recovered the electric current was to look for series and films related to blackouts. If possible, of Spanish or European nationality. In addition to robbing us in An extraordinary phenomenon That has just happened, there is a psychological explanation for this act: fiction comforts us and explains reality. Above all, that part of the reality that we do not understand or that we are great. ‘Broady’ goes from that. In 2022 Movistar Plus+ premiered ‘blackout’a miniseries of five self -conclusive episodes led by Rodrigo Sorogoyen, Raúl Arévalo, Isa Campo, Alberto Rodríguez and Isaki Lacuesta. It started from a catastrophic event (a solar storm causes a global blackout, leaving society without electricity or telecommunications) to reflect, in each episode, a human phase in the face of the crisis: denial, emergency, confrontation, survival and balance. The series, realistic, is one of the main search trends the day after the blackout. People want to see a fiction that tells him what would have happened if the events had been even more serious. It is not the only one. Of course, there are more series on blackouts. In ‘Leave the world behind’ (Netflix), two families have to manage a mysterious blackout after a cyber attack. The French ‘The collapse‘He did not give many reasons for the collapse of society, showing the despair that emerges when the basic vital conditions disappear. The recent ‘zero’ (Netflix) blames a cyber attack on a global blackout and describes the consequent government response. Also a cyber attack is responsible for the disaster in ‘Blackout’, which leaves central Europe without electricity. Each with their tone and style, all of them agree to portray and explain an inconceivable situation. Explain the inexplicable. The narratives help us to understand what exceeds the boundaries of the rational: it is a catastrophe of such magnitude that it exceeds with great domestic space, be they transcendental questions that question the existence of, for example, an ultraterrene life. Those stories, whether religions, urban myths, rumors or, simply, films, help us put limits and tie by the plausible and the rational what we do not understand. That is why we approach series as ‘Blackout’: they help us understand what happened in days like yesterday. Beyond the blackouts. Of course, this phenomenon goes far beyond yesterday’s blackouts. A few days ago we talked about how ‘Conclave’ was reset With all the honors in cinemas, time to accompany the funeral of the Pope: a film explains us better than any documentary (because the emotion of fictions implies) the intestine weaves of the Vatican to succeed the deceased. And if we are going further back there is no more remember successes like ‘Contagion ‘during pandemic: A 2011 film that became suddenly relevant when it demonstrated an absolutely hechizing fortune teller (and reflexive). The Simpsons predicted it. Of course The Simpsons predicted what happened Yesterday, in an episode in which a mass blackout forced people to return to traditional forms of life. This mechanics of using the legendary animation series To explain everything Not only does it have a logical and material explanation (many years of stories, sharp satire of the present, acute and very observant scripts), but to connect with what we said above: we have a natural tendency to seek significant patterns and connections between facts, even when they are the result of chance. These patterns are marked by narratives, series and movies. It sounds to me. The familiarity of the fictitious It allows us to explain reality, and that is why the day after a collapse of the entire electrical system of a country (which is said soon, because we have not stopped to think about it), we go to series and movies that help us digest it with plots and subtramas, with characters with which we identify and with turns that we have already seen in dozens of occasions. When we immerse ourselves in fiction, neural networks are activated similar to when we live real experiencesand we integrate them into our own memories (although distinguishing them as fiction). And that helps us overcome them and turn page. Until next catastrophe. Header | Movistar Plus+ In Xataka | While almost all Spain immersed in chaos, a place continued to function normally: Mercadona

We have been looking for the definitive cure of allergies for years and we have not yet solved the big problem: understand them

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The end of the rains and the arrival of good weather have, for many, a dark back: The allergies. Spring, and especially the months of May and June, brings us the pollen proliferationone of the most important allergens, the main cause of sneezing at this time of year. The most common way of treating this type of allergies is through antihistaminesdrugs aimed at blocking the effects of histaminea neurotransmitter that also plays an important role in immune system. Recall that allergies are nothing other than a reaction of our immune system to external substances that understands as dangerous and that are not really, allergens. Antihistamines are very useful when treating allergic symptoms. But one thing is that, and another thing is to definitively cure these disorders. Today we do not have A cure for allergiesbut at least there are some routes open to hope. So close we are to achieve it. Perhaps one of the first treatments that come to mind when talking about healing the allergy are vaccines. What we understand today as vaccines against allergy are immunotherapy -based injections, and its logic is not far from conventional vaccines: it is about administering a small amount of what causes us allergy capable of alerting the immune system without unleashing an allergic reaction. While they are a useful treatment in many cases, they do not finish solving the problem, so we will need periodic injections that will improve the response capacity of our immune system. What ways are there open? Almost ten years ago, We commented on some of the open research lines in the search for a cure for allergies. These ways included, for example, the “biological therapies.” These are therapies that focus on antibodiesthe proteins that our body produces when it detects substances that it understands as harmful. This type of treatments They are still One of our great hopes. An example of this is omalizumab, a drug in principle aimed at combating asthma and approved two decades ago in the United States. In recent years, science has been validating this therapeutua option. A recent example is in A study Posted in 2022 in the magazine Clinical and Translational Allergy. In this analysis, the team observed that the drug was effective when preventing spring allergic rhinitis. Understand the problem To understand how our knowledge has evolved in recent years, we must first understand why it is so difficult to find a definitive cure. The background problem is simple: We do not understand the allergies well enough to find a solution. We still do not understand why certain people suffer from a certain allergy while others suffer from another type of reaction, at the same time that others do not seem to have such problems. We don’t know either Why allergies are permanent despite the fact that the antibody that we generally associate with them does not usually remain in our body for long periods of time. Two studies Published last year in the magazine Translational Medicine Science They can help us understand this situation a little better, explaining at least this last point. The answer could be in an antibody that we usually do not associate with allergies, immunoglobulin G (IgG), and the cells that produce it. What the teams responsible for these studies discovered is that some cells responsible for producing IgG produce immunoglobulin E, which is associated with allergies, when they run into an allergen. The key to allergic “memory” could therefore be in these cells. Before going better, everything seems to indicate that the allergies problem will go worse. And is that every time More people suffer This type of disorders. There are several factors that could be, independently or together, behind rapid ascent in the number of allergic people in the world. One of these hypotheses is that of hygiene. Since our immune system is “trains” through exposure to external agents, the absence of these agents in early stages can imply that our system does not perceive them as normal and, exposed in later stages, ends up reacting disproportionately. s From the environmental point of view, we must also consider the presence of pollutants in the atmospherelike particular matter. These pollutants can also affect our airways, combining their effect with that of conventional allergens and aggravating the situation. In Xataka | The time of the year in Japan has arrived where everyone has a mask. The fault is World War II Image | Cottonbro Studio

We have been using sweeteners that provide zero calories. Now we understand why they don’t always help lose weight

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Sugar is one of the most daily foods and one on which food controversies do not scarce. Excessive sugar consumption can be linked to various problems, from the oral to diabetes. The artificial sweeteners that we sometimes use to reduce the consumption of conventional sugars can be healthier, but no less controversial. Less sugar, more hungry. A recent study He has found that some artificial sweeteners could be affecting the signals that manage our appetite at the brain level. The team responsible for the study observed that the Sucralosa had a less satiating effect than sucrose, conventional or table sugar. The Sucralosa. Sucralosa is a artificial sweetenera disaccharide or compound sugar such as the union of two simple sugars. Its sweetest capacity is up to 600 times higher than that of sucrose, but our body does not absorb it in the same way. This implies that this sweetener has no caloric contribution to our body. This could explain the observed phenomenon: our body would perceive the sweet taste and prepare for calorie ingestion. The body would simply be responding to the absence of energy received. 75 participants. In the study, 75 participants who worked as both of the experimental group and control group in two sessions separate days or weeks from each other took part. Participants, men and women, some with “healthy” weight, others overweight or obesity, consumed three drinks prepared in the experimental sessions to which they underwent. These preparations were a sweetened drink with sucralose, another with conventional sugar (sucrose), and another simple water. The order in which they assigned each drink was random. The team later studied the participants’ response to each drink. Before and after the test they carried out functional magnetic resonances, they took blood samples and asked the participants for their feeling of hunger. They observed that the sucralose increased appetite and activity in the hypothalamus and that it did it to a greater extent among the participants with obesity. The team also detected changes in how the hypothalamus communicated with other brain regions. The details of the study were published In an article In the magazine Nature Metabolism. Old acquaintances. The key can be in the hormones that our body produces when eating, hormones such as insulin and LPG-1 (Glucagon -like peptide 1). This last hormone is produced in the stomach when we eat and fulfills a double function: on the one hand warns the pancreas that we will need insulin to manage digerida glucose; and by transmits to our brain the message that we have fed and satiated. “The body uses these hormones to tell the brain that you have consumed calories, to reduce hunger,” Explain in a press release Kathleen Alanna Page, co -author of the study. “The Sucralosa did not have that effect, and the differences in hormonal responses to the sugar compared to sugar were even more pronounced in participants with obesity.” Much to investigate. According to the team itself, there are still some unknowns to solve in this context. One question, for example, is how this sweetener affects our brain activity in the long term. To do this, they explain, longitudinal studies will be necessary that also analyze the weight and food behaviors of the patients. Another issue to solve is how other factors affect, such as sex, this relationship. The team indicated that during the experiment, the brain activity of women showed greater variability than that of men, which implies the possibility of differences to study. In Xataka | Some researchers have analyzed the impact of sugary drinks on world health. They have taken their hands to the head Image | Faran Raufi

There is a relationship between eating fruit, drinking coffee and the risk of tinnitus. But we still don’t understand where it comes from

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The human body is a very complex machine in which millions of interactions are produced, some intuitive and direct, others that are neither one nor the other. This sometimes implies that we find correlated phenomena after which there could be causal relationships that we are not yet able to understand. An example of this in a curious connection that unites our digestive and auditory system. A new study. A Chinese researchers team He has studied The relationship between certain foods and the risk of suffering tinnitus. The team found that greater consumption of fruits, fiber, dairy and caffeine were linked to a lower risk of suffering from this annoying disorder. The ears. Tinnitus It is nothing but a technical term with which we refer to the sensation of buzzing or beep we perceive in the ear. A noise that only exists in our head and that can be presented in a diversity a wide range of shapes, each with different characteristics, some of them very annoying and difficult to treat. These forms They have diverse originssuch as age loss related to age, possible ear injuries, or circulatory system disorders. It can manifest intermittently or permanently, and it can also be intense enough to interfere with our audition or limit our ability to concentrate. Meta -analysis The notion that there is a link between some foods and the risk of suffering tinnitus It is not new. Various studies can be found that have previously investigated in the field but drawing conclusions from this literature is not easy. That is why the team responsible for the new work carried out a study of this scientific literature, a review of literature, from which it carried out a quantitative analysis of the results identified in this, that is, a meta -analysis. The team compiled and analyzed the results of eight studies which accumulated a total of 300,000 participants. They analyzed the effects of 15 dietary factors on the risk of appearance of this auditory disorder. Different foods, different impacts. The study estimated from these eight previous works that greater fruit consumption could be linked to a 35% reduction in reducing the risk of tinnitus. The reduction associated with greater dairy consumption was 17% and that of the caffeine of 10%. They also observed a 9% reduction in the probability associated with the highest food fiber consumption. The details of the study were published In an article In the magazine BMJ Open. Prevent yes, cure right? The results are striking, but the interpretation is complex. The reason is that We have no clue on the hypothetical cause and effect connections that could be behind this relationship. That is, we can observe correlation but we cannot infer causality. Another track on this connection is found in another review of the literature made a few years ago. Posted in 2020 In the magazine International Archives of athinolaryngologythe work also observed a link between caffeine and tinnitus but warned that it only occurred preventively: that is, it observed that caffeine consumption was linked to a lower risk of suffering from tinnitus but a greater consumption of the substance did not serve to improve the state of those who already suffered the problem. In Xataka | Beyond tobacco: we have just discovered that food can also affect the risk of developing lung cancer Image | Snapbythree My / Kaboomps.com

Spacex has launched 8,000 Starlink satellites in five years, but they are not enough. And we are beginning to understand why

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Starlink satellite Internet service is the golden egg chicken that is helping Finance the Starship program and other ambitious Spacex projects. But for it to work, Spacex cannot stop launching satellites. Starlink is a commercial success. Spacex announced Friday That Starlink had exceeded 5 million customers, two more than he had a year ago. The satellite Internet service is now available in 125 countries, and has also been integrated into more and more aircraft, ships and cruises. With the deployment of the first Direct To Cell constellation, satellites that in addition to the usual connections include cell connectivity, Starlink has also started working as a service for telephone operators. T-Mobile already offers in the United States The option of never running out of coverage. A sum and follows for the Golden Eggs of Spacex. Spacex numbers. According to a Payload reportSpacex invoiced $ 13,1 billion in 2024, 8,200 million of which came from Starlink. It is almost double what Starlink had entered the previous year. More difficult to calculate is how much it costs Spacex to put the satellites into orbit. We know that Starlink is a profitable businessbut we do not know the internal cost of launching a Falcon 9 rocket full of satellites. We know that it is much less than other rockets cost, because their first stage is able to land and take off at least 26 times; But not how much. We have, yes, a starting point. Elon Musk said a few years ago in an interview they aspired to A cost of 15 million dollars by launch. Taking into account that Spacex launched 134 Falcon 9 rockets last year, and that 96 were Starlink missions, at least 1,440 million dollars of Starlink’s revenues were used to cover the launch expenses of the satellites, to which the manufacturing costs, jobs, etc. The elephant in the room. In total, Spacex has launched more than 8,000 Starlink satellites, of which 6,000 are still active. The others no longer work or have burned in the atmosphere. Except for failure (such as the geomagnetic storm that caught a Starlink lot), satellites have a five -year -old useful life. The elephant in the room is that this useful life depends mainly on a physical appearance: satellites unfold in the low terrestrial orbit and reduce their height due to the effect of orbital decay, until disintegrating by friction with the atmosphere. Spacex cannot stop launching satellites. And you have to do it at an even greater pace to continue adding customers, while replenishing the satellites that are resenting. 100 reentrades in a month. Five years have passed since Spacex began to regularly launch Starlink satellites, and the effects are being noticed. According to an analysis by astrophysician Jonathan McDowell, At least one Starlink satellite He resents in the atmosphere every day, but January beat the record with 120 resentments. Many occur during the day, so they are not visible. Those that occur during the night are often a show of fleeting stars produced by the metals that vaporize In the atmosphere. The economic and environmental implications of all this are about to see, because Spacex is the only company that usually reuses its rockets and, therefore, the first to build a satellite constellation as large as Starlink. Perhaps the entry into Starship service changes the equation, but the order of the factors is clear: Starlink and the constellations that arrive later are condemned to eternally replenish the satellites that come out for those who enter. Image | Spacex, that In Xataka | Now any US smartphone can be connected for free to Starlink satellites. From July it will have a price

Human beings are evolving live and direct on the Tibetan plateau. And understand what happens there will be fundamental in space

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It is not easy to breathe on the roof of the world. A few days ago, Kilian Jornet told in the revolt that, while he went down from Everest, He began to suffer hallucinations And convinced that he was dreaming he was about to jump into the void. And it makes sense because, thousands of meters above sea level, there is simply less oxygen in each breath of air. It is, we could say, pure physics. However, for more than 10,000 years, Tibetans have not only survived these dementeial conditions of that environment: they have prospered. But how? It is a question that has intrigued anthropologists for years. And if we think a little, he has his crumb. For decades, it has been said that evolution is slow and that, in general terms, human beings are more or less the same as we were in the Paleolithic. How could it be that Tibetans (who would not cease to be people like us) have prospered all this time If that is so? The answer is very simple: not being. A few months ago, anthropologist Cynthia Beall, from Case Western Reserve University, published PNAS investigation which clarifies all this and reveals “how the physiological features of Tibetan women improve their ability to reproduce in an environment with such a shortage of oxygen.” It is live and live evolution. What did they do? Beall and his team They studied 417 Tibetan women between 46 and 86 years old who lived around 4,000 meters above sea level in Alto Mustang, Nepal; that is, at the southern end of the Tibetan plateau. They collected many data: from their reproductive history to physiological measurements, DNA samples or a wide set of social factors. Its intention was precisely to understand how the characteristics of oxygen supply in high altitude hypoxia conditions influenced the number of living births. Because? Because it is a key measure of the evolutionary aptitude of these women. And so it was. Because what they discovered is that women who had more living children had a “unique set of blood and cardiac characteristics” that helped their bodies to distribute oxygen. Specifically, They discovered That although these women had middle levels of hemoglobin, it was more saturated. It was a fantastic solution because it allowed an efficient distribution without increasing the viscosity of the blood (and, therefore, without forcing the heart more than necessary). What does all this mean? Something really interesting. Because work Not only does it underline “the remarkable resilience of Tibetan women”but they also offer valuable information about the ways in which human beings can adapt to extreme environments. After all, “it is a case of natural selection in progress. Tibetan women have evolved in a way that balances the oxygen needs of the body without overloading the heart,” Beall explained. And, understanding how populations like these are adapted, “it gives us a better understanding of human evolution processes.” Something that, on the other hand, we need. Because in the end, it turns out that the unity of the human species is only sustained by the similar environmental conditions in which we move. But what will happen when we become an “interplanetary species”? And the answer is simple: that We can never go home. The unity of the species will be detrimental to our adaptive success. Image | Will Pagel In Xataka | To what extent are Elon Musk’s plans to settle on Mars? A planetary scientist explains it to us

We have a new “theory of all” to understand Alzheimer’s. Your key is in small granules

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Creating “theories of all”, unified models that explain various phenomena associated with a scientific field, is not exclusive heritage of physicists. The fight against some diseases can also benefit from models that help us understand their causes and consequences and the processes that mediate. New model. Now a group of researchers has devised a new modela theory that tries to explain Alzheimer’s disease through a “unified explanation of molecular chaos” that derives in this neurodegenerative disorder. According to this new theory, the disease and its symptoms would derive from a collapse of the transport system in charge of moving molecules between the nucleus and cell cytoplasm. This new theory can help simplify a topic as complex as Alzheimer’s. However, its authors remember that this disruption is still extremely complex, with more than a thousand genes involved in it. “Our proposal, focused on the rupture of communication between the nucleus and the cytoplasm leading to massive disruptions in gene expression, offers a plausible framework to understand the mechanisms that lead to this complex disease,” Explain in a press release Paul Coleman, co -author of the new model. A granular problem The model places the formation of chronic stress granules at the beginning of this process. These are clusters of proteins and RNA chains responsible for generating stress in the cell. Stress granules are usually generated temporarily. Its original function is to respond to cell stress by leaving some processes until the cell can recover. Once its duty has fulfilled and the stress disappeared, they dissolve. The problem unleashes when these granules become chronic, which leads them to catch other molecules, making it difficult for them to move between the nucleus and the rest of the cell. From inside out. The model starts from this trigger to explain with it the disease and its consequences outside the cellular unit. And it is that the changes that occur at the cellular level end up affecting cerebral synapses, metabolism, protein processing and cell survival, as explained by the model responsible for the model. The details of the new model were published In an article In the magazine Alzheimer’s and Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer’s Association. A disease with many faces. Alzheimer is one of the most intriguing diseases, Explain the responsible team of the new model. In part, they point out, this is because it takes the appearance of various diseases made one, with symptoms that include memory loss and cognitive deterioration, but also changes in personality and in our same internal biology. This complexity, continues to expose the team, is partly responsible for how extremely difficult it is to study this disease. Models like this that schematize their processes, can serve future researchers to find new routes of action that become more effective therapies when facing the symptoms of Alzheimer’s or, even, the same disease. In Xataka | In his tireless fight against Alzheimer’s, scientists have encountered an unexpected ally: coffee Image | Jason DREES/AS

Thanks to this table we can finally understand how metals compatibility works

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Materials science is an exciting discipline. It is likely that some people seem unattractive, and it is a respectable opinion, but objectively it is about A very important scientific branch. Its purpose is to study the structure, physicochemical properties and the behavior of the elements with the purpose of Design new materials which can be used in a very wide range of industries. The kevlar used in The bulletproof vests and the diaphragm of some speakers, among other applications; the carbon fiber used in the aeronautical, automobile and sports industries; high performance alloys used, for example, in nuclear reactors and The turbines of the aircraft; or the Carbon nanotubes which are already being used in some electronic devices support the relevance of the science of materials currently. Rufosity matters. And a lot One of the properties that usually study material engineers is roughness. This characteristic identifies often imperceptible irregularities that reside on the surface of a material. To measure them, it is usually necessary to carry out a microscopic analysis, but the really important thing is that this knowledge allows researchers to design and manufacture new components. And it is that roughness is an essential parameter that conditions the performance, durability and applications in which a new material can be used. In fact, there are research groups and companies that are dedicated in body and soul to characterize new materials and measure their roughness. Michigan Metrology It is one of these companies. It resides, as we can intuit, in the state of Michigan (USA), and expressly dedicates itself to measurement, analysis and inspection of roughness and wear of surfaces. To carry out their analysis, it resorts to very sophisticated teams that are capable of precisely identifying the irregularities present on the surface of the materials through a three -dimensional exploration. The table we publish on top of these lines has been prepared by the American mechanical engineer Ernest Rabinowicz, and is the Bible for Michigan Metrology and other companies that are dedicated to material engineering. In fact, it is the authentic protagonist of this article. And it is because it gives us a lot of information about the roughness and sliding compatibility of a good part of the metals that we can find in the periodic table of the chemical elements. Two pieces work better together if they are metallurgically incompatible, or, what is the same, if the metals involved are not dissoluble with each other As you can see, Rabinowicz occurred to be placed on the horizontal and vertical axes of the table the symbol that identifies each metal. And at the intersection between each pair of them appears A very illustrative symbol that identifies whether these two metals are incompatible, partially incompatible, partially compatible, compatible or identical taking as reference their roughness. In the field of metallurgy this information is very valuable. And it is because metals that are compatible from a metallurgical point of view tend to adhere to each other, a process that increases friction and wear. As we can intuit, knowing precisely the degree of compatibility between each couple of metals is fundamental in the design of the sliding interface between two metal pieces. In fact, two of these pieces work better together if they are metallurgically incompatible, or, what is the same, if the metals involved are not dissoluble with each other. Image | Kaboomps.com More information | Construction Physics In Xataka | Copper has reigned in the chips industry for decades. It already has an unbeatable substitute: Ruthenium

Mets launcher Dardo against Yankees fans: “They don’t understand baseball”

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The 2025 major league season and the encounters between Mets and Yankees are more than evident have not yet begun. Proof of this were the explosive statements of the launcher Aj Minterwho signed for two seasons with those of Queens in exchange for $ 22 million. After taking the Dominican Juan Soto from the Yankees, the Mets took the lead in the market and the pique continued later that in statements extracted from Sny, MINTER talked about his experience with the fans of the mules. According to the reliever, Mets fans are the true ball followers. Otherwise Yankees public that according to him do not understand baseball. “It can be said that these Mets fans are true baseball fans. They understand baseball, not like those on the other side of the city”Miner said at his discretion. MINTER’s comment is founded that he has been able to face many teams but according to him there are no better fans than those of the Mets. “These are the true staunch fans and will be with you until the end. I had to face them all throughout my career and they always did the best of themselves, so we cannot wait to launch for you now, ”he added. The arrival of Minder to the Bullpen of the Mets serves as an experience reinforcement available to the manager Carlos Mendoza. The left -hander comes from a season with many injuries; Despite this, he launched in 34.1 innings, leaving 35 strikeouts and 2.62 percentage of clean races. Continue reading: (Tagstotranslate) New York Mets (T) New York Yankees

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