A milestone that will provide you with all the uranium you need for decades

Nuclear energy It is essential for China. The development he has experienced in this Asian country during the last two decades supports this statement. In 2002 he only had two nuclear centrals in operation. Today you have nothing less than 58 activity in activity. Only US has more (94). There is no doubt about one thing: during the last two decades China’s civil and military nuclear program It has advanced with a dizzying speed. And it seems that he will continue to do so. Anyway the heart of the nuclear program of the country led by Xi Jinping, and that of any other nation that bets on nuclear energy, It is uranium. This chemical element is present in nature in very low concentrations, usually in rocks, land and water. Hence, its obtaining is expensive and its complex treatment, since it requires chemical processes capable of separating it from the other elements and impurities with which it usually lives. It has 92 protons and many other electrons orbiting around the nucleus, and the latter incorporates, in addition to the protons, between 142 and 146 neutrons. It is important that we remember that the nucleus of an atom is usually constituted by a certain number of protons and neutrons (although not always: the protio, the isotope of the most abundant hydrogen, has a single proton and no neutron in its nucleus), as well as by some electrons that orbit around it. China already knows how to exploit deposits that until now were inaccessible The fact that the number of neutrons of the uranium nucleus can vary, as we have just seen, it indicates that there are several isotopes of this chemical element, which are nothing other than atoms with the same number of protons and electrons, but different number of neutrons. The reason why in nuclear fission reactors An uranium-235 atom is used, and not another isotope of this element or any other chemical element, it is that by bombarding its nucleus with a neutron (a process that is known as induced fission) the Uranium-235 is transformed into Uranium-236, which is a more unstable element. This simply means that Uranium-236 cannot remain long in its current state, so it is divided into two lighter nuclei, such as barium-144 and crypton-89 or Cesium-137 and Rubidio-96, and also emits two or three neutrons (2.5 neutrons on average). And here comes the really interesting: the sum of the masses of the light nuclei It is slightly lower than that of the Uranium-236 nucleus from which they come (“disappears” around 0.1% of the original mass). Where has the mass we lack? Only one is possible: it has been transformed into energy. Its largest uranium deposit lies in the Ordos basin, in northern China Until now, China has obtained the uranium that its nuclear power plants need from their Xinjiang, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Yunnan and Sichuan deposits. However, it also matters from Namibia, Kazakhstan, Russia, Uzbekistan, Canada and Australia, among other countries. The funny thing is that its largest uranium deposit lies in the Ordos basin, in northern China, but has a very important problem: It is very difficult to exploit it. In fact, until just a few months that uranium was essentially inaccessible using existing extraction and processing technology. The technical limitations led to the Chinese government years ago to rule out the exploitation of the mines of the Ordos basin, but in 2023 it changed their minds and decided to launch a project called “National Uranium NÂș1”. His plan consisted of Develop the necessary technology To extract and process the uranium of ordos with a purpose: take a giant step on the way to China’s self -sufficiency in the field of nuclear energy. The problem of this huge site was that uranium is disseminated and mixed with other sandstone -shaped elements. And it is difficult to process it without the costs are triggered. Even so, in mid -2024 China produced natural uranium by first time by leaching in situ. And now, According to the China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC)has produced its first uranium barrel using this method. The leaching in situ requires injecting in the bed of underground ore through wells a solution of carbon dioxide and oxygen that is capable of dissolving uranium. Then it is necessary to pump to the surface the liquid contained in this chemical element and process it. China’s merit is not just having solved this challenge by finding the ideal aqueous solution; is having achieved it from an economically viable and environmentally respectful formalways According to the information that the National Uranium Corporation of China has made public. Image | Xataka More information | Interesting Engineering In Xataka | The largest nuclear power plant in the planet is a beast with seven reactors. Is ready to return after Fukushima

We have been using sweeteners that provide zero calories. Now we understand why they don’t always help lose weight

Sugar is one of the most daily foods and one on which food controversies do not scarce. Excessive sugar consumption can be linked to various problems, from the oral to diabetes. The artificial sweeteners that we sometimes use to reduce the consumption of conventional sugars can be healthier, but no less controversial. Less sugar, more hungry. A recent study He has found that some artificial sweeteners could be affecting the signals that manage our appetite at the brain level. The team responsible for the study observed that the Sucralosa had a less satiating effect than sucrose, conventional or table sugar. The Sucralosa. Sucralosa is a artificial sweetenera disaccharide or compound sugar such as the union of two simple sugars. Its sweetest capacity is up to 600 times higher than that of sucrose, but our body does not absorb it in the same way. This implies that this sweetener has no caloric contribution to our body. This could explain the observed phenomenon: our body would perceive the sweet taste and prepare for calorie ingestion. The body would simply be responding to the absence of energy received. 75 participants. In the study, 75 participants who worked as both of the experimental group and control group in two sessions separate days or weeks from each other took part. Participants, men and women, some with “healthy” weight, others overweight or obesity, consumed three drinks prepared in the experimental sessions to which they underwent. These preparations were a sweetened drink with sucralose, another with conventional sugar (sucrose), and another simple water. The order in which they assigned each drink was random. The team later studied the participants’ response to each drink. Before and after the test they carried out functional magnetic resonances, they took blood samples and asked the participants for their feeling of hunger. They observed that the sucralose increased appetite and activity in the hypothalamus and that it did it to a greater extent among the participants with obesity. The team also detected changes in how the hypothalamus communicated with other brain regions. The details of the study were published In an article In the magazine Nature Metabolism. Old acquaintances. The key can be in the hormones that our body produces when eating, hormones such as insulin and LPG-1 (Glucagon -like peptide 1). This last hormone is produced in the stomach when we eat and fulfills a double function: on the one hand warns the pancreas that we will need insulin to manage digerida glucose; and by transmits to our brain the message that we have fed and satiated. “The body uses these hormones to tell the brain that you have consumed calories, to reduce hunger,” Explain in a press release Kathleen Alanna Page, co -author of the study. “The Sucralosa did not have that effect, and the differences in hormonal responses to the sugar compared to sugar were even more pronounced in participants with obesity.” Much to investigate. According to the team itself, there are still some unknowns to solve in this context. One question, for example, is how this sweetener affects our brain activity in the long term. To do this, they explain, longitudinal studies will be necessary that also analyze the weight and food behaviors of the patients. Another issue to solve is how other factors affect, such as sex, this relationship. The team indicated that during the experiment, the brain activity of women showed greater variability than that of men, which implies the possibility of differences to study. In Xataka | Some researchers have analyzed the impact of sugary drinks on world health. They have taken their hands to the head Image | Faran Raufi

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