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If the question is “How to make a good prompt for AI”, Anthropic has just given us his guide

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Anthropic, the creator of Claude, has published its definitive guide of Prompt Engineering. A free Bible that synthesizes years of research in practical techniques to get the most out of Claude. Why is it important. The majority of users barely scratch on the surface of what the generative AI can do, leaving below even what could benefit in their day to day, even if they are not engineering uses. The panoramic. The guide covers from the foundations to the most sophisticated. From how to be clear and direct in a request to advanced techniques such as Multishot Prompting or the chains of thought. Culminates with strategies such as the chain of Prompts complex And all enlightened with real examples of Claude. In detail. The nine central techniques of this guide function as a ladder: Clarity and direction. Say exactly what you want. Prompts Vagos produce vague results. Various examples. It shows Claude how to think with several cases of use. Thought chains. Ask Claude to think step by step before answering. XML Tags. Structure the answers with greater precision. System roles. The classic “You are a lawyer”, “You are a data analyst”, etc. To change the chatbot perspective. Prellenate of answers. Guide the tone and format starting the answer. The context. Anthropic explains that many of the problems with generative AI are solved with better Promptsnot necessarily with more powerful models. This is an attempt to democratize techniques that they only knew somewhat more advanced developers. Open the guts of what they know it works. For example. The guide includes concrete examples: Instead of ‘Create a Dashboard’, he writes ‘creates a complete analytical analytical dashboard with interactive graphics and filters’. For code Frontendadds specific modifiers: “Includes soft transitions, micro -interctions and visual effects that demonstrate advanced web development capabilities.” And for complex tasks, the guide recommends using XML labels as to structure Claude’s thought. The difference is in specificity: say exactly what you want produces much better than vague instructions. The AI ​​returns you what you give. Yes, but. There is an important nuance: this guide assumes that you already have clear success criteria and ways to evaluate results. Without that base, even the best Prompt It is a shot in the air. And now what. For developers, this is gold. For the user something else casual, It is worth dominating at least the first techniques for minimizing hallucinations and improving the results. He Prompt Engineeringthat some time ago it seemed a kind of black magic to invoke in a mystical way, it is every time a skill that can be learned, measured and better perfect. Outstanding image | Xataka with Mockuuuups Studio In Xataka | Chatgpt has been a tool. If you start remembering all our conversations, it will be something else: a relationship

Since his arrival, Zepbound was predestined to unseat Ozempic. The big question is why it is taking so long

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In innovation, arriving first is a tremendous push when Develop a groundbreaking product. However, it is not a guarantee of success. This is a lesson that Danish pharmaceuticals Novo Nordisk is learning in their own meats. The last years have been marked by success the drugs of the GLP-1 family as Ozempic, Wegovy either Zepbound. The name refers to the peptide similar to glucagon-1 or LPG-1 (a hormone segregated in our body when we eat) since this type of formulas contain active compounds that “mimic” this hormone. In origin, drugs such as Ozempic or Zepbound were designed as diabetes treatment since one of the functions of the GLP-1 hormone It is to warn the pancreas of food entry to accelerate insulin production. However, the success of these treatments occurred due to a side effect also related to this hormone: and it is that the second of the messages transmitted by the LPG-1 is addressed to the brain, and it is the one that triggers the feeling of satiety. This is why agonist drugs of GLP-1 receptors also have a slimming effect. Companies that had compounds such as semaglutid New brands with which to market your compounds reorient to weight loss: Wegovy and Mounjaro. Throughout this process, the drugs of the Danish pharmacist, Ozempic and Wegovy, left with a kind of advantage, but there was a problem. The problem: the “recipe” of the American pharmaceuticals Lilly showed better results where these more treatments have highlighted, weight loss. The apparent reason is that just as the semaglutida is a simple agonist of the GLP-1 receptors, the tirzepatida is a double agonist of the GLP-1 receptors and of the receptors of the polypeptide gastric inhibitor or insulinotropic peptide dependent on glucose (GIP). If this were not enough, the magnitude of success reached an unexpected level, which had a serious involvement: Supply problems. This was not an exclusively economic but also health problem, we reconnected that before a product focused on weight loss, Ozempic was a diabetes treatment. A demand High and dissatisfied It is a great opportunity for the entry in play of new competitors, and this was precisely the panorama that the American pharmacist Lilly was found. A at odds Lilly launched Mounjaro in 2022 and success was vertiginous: the recipes shot and the new product seemed to quickly unseat their competitors. However, three years after launch it seems that the anticipated has not yet been Sorpasso. In fact, after a final stretch of 2024, some analysts wondered what was happening, why the success of Lilly’s formulas is postponing so much. However, In an article for Biospacethe consultants Gary Stibel and Riley McCarthy, of New England Consulting Group gave another key. For them the key to Ozempic’s persistence was in the marketing. In his article, Stibel and McCarthy indicate that Lilly attributed his difficulties when reaching the expected volume of sales to the high manufacturing costs and “fluctuating” levels of inventory in a high demand context. That is, that Lilly also managed to deal with the success of his own product. In the United States pharmaceuticals can announce more or less conventional medications that are only administered under medical prescription. According to these consultants, part of Ozempic’s success is due to these consumer -oriented campaigns. Although ultimately the choice of medication falls on the person in charge of signing the recipe, the patient’s weight can also be decisive. Regardless of campaigns of marketingit is difficult to overestimate the value of first such a lucrative market. Ozempic monopolized headlines and covers for months, and has become a few years in a kind of vulgarized brandthat is, a brand that has become an entire category of products. Something that in the short term can be a great advantage but long entails the erosion (even legal) of the brand itself. 2025 seems to draw a most hopeful panorama For the American pharmacist, but anticipating what will happen in the medium and long term is difficult for several reasons. Both pharmaceuticals continue to work with greater or lesser success in new formulas, double and even triple agonists that could unseat the products already settled. Laboratory results are difficult to predict and will depend in part with the future of these pharmacists. Another important factor is that we do not know the roof of this market. The calculations From the consulting firm Goldman Sachs they expect this roof will be reached at the beginning of the decade that comes, standing at about 120,000 million dollars around 2035. There is room for growth: according to the consultant the market volume in 2025 will be about 28,000 million dollars. This volume will have to be distributed with New formulaseven with generic alternativesthat could not take long to arrive after the threat that hits the Canadian patent of the Semaglutida. The expiration of the patents of these formulas will aggravate the need for the pharmaceuticals involved in introducing These new formulas that contribute something new to an increasingly competitive market. In Xataka | “Ozempic face”, “Ozempic language” and “Ozempic teeth”: the other very visible effect of consuming the medicine to lose weight Image | News Oresund

The question now is whether the deceased would agree

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The possibility of “resuscitating” the dead is something that We have already seenbut with artificial intelligence tools the thing goes beyond a simple Deepfake. Imagine being able to maintain a conversation with a loved one who died every time you want. Well, with its virtual version. It sounds like Black Mirror episode, but the trend is growing. This opens new doors for duel and memory, but also raises legal and ethical questions about control and consent about digital identity after death. Duel technology. The ‘Grief Tech‘Use technology to help people cope with the loss of a loved one. As? Creating digital versions with which they can interact. It is one booming trend. In China, the Deepfakes of loved ones They are increasingly popular. The emergence of increasingly advanced artificial intelligence tools allows the result to be more realistic. There are companies doing business with this, such as HEREAFTER AI either Sence ai That based on tattered conversations and memories, they create a chatbot with which to hold a conversation. Others take it further and create an interactive video-Avatar. This is the case of Re; Memory, You, Virtual Only either Storyfile. The latter has helped the Lista family, protagonists of this NYT reportto create an avatar of his father who suffers from terminal cancer. These virtual ghosts have also been used for other purposes, such as This created from a murdered young man to cause a greater impact on the jury. Why this happens. Save memories of our loved ones when they die is something that humans have done For millennia. Objects, photographs, videos or an avatar with AI, all respond to the need to remember the link we had with that person. However, it is not the same to look at a photo than to maintain conversations with a digital replica of a dead loved one and raises doubts of its consequences, both at the psychologic and ethical level. The duel in the AI ​​era. This type of digital chatbots or avatars can be comforting at specific times, questions about their effect on long -term mental health arise. The loss of a loved one is a very painful process and, if complicated, can lead to weakening symptoms. In statements a EuronewsDr. Kirsten Smith, a clinical researcher at the University of Oxford, said: “There is evidence of multiple studies that indicates that the search for proximity (behaviors destined to restore closeness to the deceased person) is related to worse results in mental health.” Some of these ‘Grief Tech’ services as it is already in mind and are presented as a temporary tool to help process the loss. In their case they offer a payment model for each session with the chatbot and also its use time is limited. What does the law say. Who decides who can be resurrected with an AI? The truth is that there is no legislation that prevents creating one of these ‘posthumous avatars’. The works created by a person are protected by the Intellectual Property Lawbut not your voice, photos or videos. He General Data Protection Regulation in force in the European Union does not apply directly to deceased persons and, in the case of the call Digital willit focuses on user profiles on social networks and accounts of different services That do not resurrect me with ia. In Ars Technica They talked about this subject and raised the question: can you put in the will that they do not “resurrect” with ia? We do not know if someone has done it, but it may not serve much without clear legislation. If someone creates a ‘digital ghost’ of a deceased without permission, family members could request that it be eliminated, the problem is that it is the relatives themselves who request it (which would be the most logical). Cover image | Gemini In Xataka | Chatgpt is taking some people to the edge of madness. Reality is less alarmist and much more complex

If the question is whether Spain can deny its bases to give air support to Israel, the answer is not so simple

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And suddenly, Spain. Actually, and as we will see, the country’s geographical situation makes it a kind of “technical stop” for the different military conflicts in which the United States has been. The war that is taking place In the East It is another chapter, but with the exception that, quite possibly, Spain will not enter. What raises a logical question: could it refuse to use its air bases? Reinforcements from Spain. First the news. Within the framework of the growing military escalation between Israel and Iran, the United States has discreetly intensified its deployment in the Middle East with the help of key infrastructure in Europe, including Bases in Spanish territory. It is official, since the Minister of Defense, Margarita Robles, confirmed that Washington has begun to use the Rota bases (Cádiz) and Morón de la Frontera (Seville) To park cistern airplanes, a measure framed in the bilateral agreements in force between the two countries. Robles said that the presence of these aerial means is carried out within the limits established by the joint defense treaties. Specifically, the agreement allows the deployment of up to 15 replenishment aircraft in Morón, although international media Like BBC They have reported the arrival of “something else”: at least 30 KC-135 aircraft In recent days, distributed between Spain, England and Scotland. Logistic support for fighters. We have come counting these days. The role of these cistern aircraft It is strategic: They allow to expand the operational scope of combat aircraft such as the F-16, F-22 and F-35 that the Pentagon has mobilized towards the Persian Gulf region. According to Reutersthis aerial reinforcement would also include the deployment of a USE USERindicating a projective combat capacity in several dimensions. Although the Secretary of State for Defense, Pete Hegseth, has insisted that it is a deployment for purposes andStrictly defensiveUS military sources have confirmed that these platforms have already been used to Interception operationsdemolishing drones and missiles launched by Iran in response to the Israeli attacks initiated the previous Friday. Reactions in Spain. No doubt, the use of Spanish military facilities by the United States It has generated restlessness within the Spanish parliamentary arch itself. Podemos has presented a Question battery In Congress to demand explanations to the Executive on the arrival, last Friday, of the cistern aircraft to the base of Morón. In their brief, they express suspicions that these facilities are being used as a logistics scale in support of military operations in favor of Israel. The party led by Ione Belarra has also questioned the government about itself I was aware Of these movements and if it supervises its purpose, putting on the table the debate on operational sovereignty and indirect involvement of Spain in an international conflict of high intensity. A Eurofighter Typhoon from Ala 11 in Morón in 2015 Legal and preceding basis. The current use of the military bases of Rota and Morón by the United States is part of a strategic relationship Started in 1953when Spain, even under the Franco dictatorship, signed the calls Madrid agreements. In exchange for financial and military aid, the installation of US bases in Spanish territory was authorized, in what was a shy international opening step. This initial network It included the bases from Zaragoza, Torrejón de Ardoz, Morón de la Frontera and broken, and constituted one of the First gestures from Spain to aspire to NATO entersomething that would not be completed until 1982 with the firm, and until 1999 with full accession to the integrated military structure of the alliance. The agreed of 88. The current legal basis that regulates the shared use of Rota and Morón It was established With the Defense Cooperation Agreement Signed on December 1, 1988 Among the governments of Felipe González and Ronald Reagan, he was finally the final of the Cold War. This text has been amended Three occasions (In 2002, 2012 and 2015) to adapt to geostrategic and operational changes. According to the Ministry of Defense, the second amendment protocol set a period of validity eight years old since its entry into force (May 21, 2013), which made it expired on May 22, 2021. However, article 69 of the agreement provides for a Annual automatic extension If none of the parties expresses its opposite will six months in advance, which has been happening until today, with Some exceptions. Rattan Operational limitations. Although US jurisdiction governs certain aspects within the perimeter of the bases, Spain retains sovereignty and political control over its strategic use. In fact, the United States cannot use the facilities unilaterally, but requires express permission from the Spanish government, as stipulated The agreement. This principle has been maintained, although in practice it has not meant obstacles during, For examplethe wars of Iraq and Afghanistan, when the governments of José María Aznar and José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero authorized their use No restrictions. Similarly, in 2021 Spain allowed both bases to temporarily welcome Afghan collaborators of the United States during his escape from Kabul. Military presence. According to the agreementUnited States can keep up to 2,200 military, 36 aircraft and 500 civilians in Morón, although the current contingent is around 600 troops. In rota, the allowed limit amounts to 4,250 military and 1,000 US civilians. These figures reflect a gradual reduction compared to previous decades, and in 2023 The transfer of the rapid response force for Africa was confirmed from Morón to A base in Italyevidencing an operational replication that directly affects the employment and economy of the nearby areas, which receive about two million euros per year in direct income of the State. Real veto capacity. Therefore, to the big question, could Spain deny the use of its air bases to the United States with respect to the Israel-Iran conflict? The short answer is that yes, in fact, There are examplesas with the return of Torrejón in 1991 and Zaragoza in 1992. Plus: In 1986, the government of Felipe González advertisement that would not automatically renew the pact, also demanding The withdrawal … Read more

We have found a skull from 6,200 years ago cone and signs of violence. The big question is what I was doing there

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The last cry in bodily modifications is the Implementation of chips under the skin to become One more element of home automation Domestic But we have millennia modifying our aesthetics In a little invasive way, such as The Ötzi tattoos With more than 5,000 years, or in more aggressive ways, such as Padaung They push their clavicles. What they have found in a cemetery near Iran goes much further: a skull from 6,200 years belonging to a woman with a cone -shaped head. And the thing didn’t end well. Chega Sofla. In the western zone of Iran is the site of Chega Sofla. Researchers have been investigating the site for years and Nonantring bodiessince there are dozens of tombs in which they have been found from individual burials to burials of complete families. Some of the human remains They show that, in life, certain people had a more stretched skull than normal not by any kind of natural deformation, but by aesthetics. And, among all, the one who has called the attention of archaeologists is one of those skulls that shows signs of a brutal blow that ended his life. And beyond how, the interesting thing is why and what that young woman did. Cone head. Called as BG1.12, the life of this woman ended when she gave (or led to her) a Strong blow to the head. Before that, it must have been one more because this cranial modification was quite common. What were done in many ancient civilizations was to wrap the infant’s head with bandages that were squeezing as they grew. Like a splint. This practice, extended until adulthood, prevented the skull from developing in a normal way, resulting in a more elongated, cone -shaped skull. And, although it was a normal practice that was given more in girls than in boys, we now know that it was not a good idea. Dangerous. The striking of the wound of BG1.12 led archaeologists to investigate On the cranial development that these people had, discovering that, due to those tight bandages, both the bones and the Diploe (which is a more spongy bone layer that is between two more compact layers in the skull, as if it were a “shock absorber”) were much thinner than those of a typical skull. This is drawer, but explain that it is something that prevents the skull from exercising its optimal brain protection work. Due to that thinness, before external forces, the “brain shield”It is less effective. At some point in the twenties of that woman, something managed to fracture that weak cranial layer, ending her life. The researchers, in statements to Livesciencethey claim that the blow would also have ended with a person who had a normal skull and who do not know if he received an attack or hit himself. What is known is that it was buried in a common grave next to people with both normal and modified skulls. The skull of BG1.12 that shows the wound The role of women. To affirm that the person would have died even with a normally developed skull, he takes away a lot of mystery to history, but the big question is what role people with modified skulls played in that society. We have found modified skulls in European womenin Japan and in Mesoamerica and reasons that are considered They range from Demonstration of status until the search for differentiation of nearby villages or the approach to the image they had of their divinities. Strictly motifs are also considered Aesthetics. The mystery of BG1.12 is that it was buried in the same pit as other people with both normal and modified skull and, as all the ‘stuck’ skeletons are, it is difficult to identify all individuals and know what role in society played these people with the deformed skull 6,000 years ago. And, above all, the moral is that this aggressive modification does not suit. A silly blow to the head, a diploe that does not act as it should … and goodbye. And put your head in a particle accelerator, if you ever have the opportunity, Nor is it a good idea. Images | Cambridge In Xataka | A cave has revealed the macabre Mayan ceremony to honor its gods: there are 100 bones and none is where it should

If the question is “how much caffeine each cup of coffee or tea has”, this graph offers revealing responses

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Every day, the world consumes about 2,250 million coffee cups. Let’s drink for their Health effectsbut also for its flavor and for caffeine. This substance surrounded by myths It is the psychoactive more consumed and is present in a lot of products outside coffee such as tea, sodas or energy drinks. Now, not all caffeine drinks have the same amount, and in this graph we can see how much caffeine your favorite coffee or infusion has, with an incontestable winner: the espresso. But there are many nuances. The figures. There are many ways to prepare coffee. In the Italian classic, With filterpercolation, infusion and even with unthinkable supplements until not as much as Protein either Fungi. And the amount of caffeine of each elaboration depends both on the caffeine of the grains of each variety of coffee, its roasted process and the way of cooking it. Caffeine for 30 ml of drink Espresso coffee 62.5 mg Filter coffee 22 mg infused coffee 17 mg Coffee for percolation 15 mg Matcha 8.75 mg mate 4-6 mg Black or green 4-6 mg Instantaneous 1.9 mg MILK CHOCOLATE 1 mg Decaffeinated instant coffee 0.6 mg Very roasted coffee decaffeinated 0.4 mg As the graphic prepared by Visual Capitalist With studies data from Health Canada and Consumer Reportscoffee with a greater concentration of caffeine is the espresso. As much, in addition: in 30 milliliters of drink, it has almost four times more caffeine than the following elaboration, and twelve times more than a black tea. The rest of coffee elaborations are quite pair, but we continue to see a greater concentration of caffeine than in the Matcha tea so popular latelyin the mate or in other tea infusions. If the Italians already knew … That the espresso has the greatest concentration is not a surprise and, in fact, it is an essential part of this elaboration. In it, by the extraction method itself, both flavor and intensity are intensified, increasing that concentration of caffeine. And it is something with a practical function. In the Italian traditionthe espresso was born to be fast. The coffee had to be extracted in the shortest possible time, standing at the bar of the bar and continuing with the day. Traditionally, it is taken without milk, as if it were a sucking sucking that is rapidly sipping, implying a break on the workers’ day, but also that energy ‘chute’ thanks to caffeine. It is a more practical drink than anything else, or it was. The ‘deception’. But of course, we must bear in mind that there is a very important factor in these data: The size of the cup. 30 milliliters is scarce, and it is the amount of an espresso. The coffee size that is usually taken is much larger, so it ends up compensating for the lower concentration of caffeine in other elaborations. An example is the Cold Brew, which is a Perfect infusion for summer that we take in a long glass of more than 300 milliliters. Adding the quantity and long extraction times, the caffeine goes to 200-280 mg per cup. The filtered coffee is also taken in high volumes, contributing between 95 and 150 mg per cup, and something similar occurs with the French press and its contribution of between 80 and 100 mg of caffeine. If we talk per liter, Newcastle University He found That the espresso is the absolute queen, but in the amount of drink we can take, the easiest thing is that there are many elaborations that exceed that contribution of the espresso. Caffeine per liter Espresso 4,200 mg Cold Brew 2,240 mg Moka 2,192 mg French press 742 mg Drip 692 mg How much caffeine is a lot of caffeine. And although there are more and more studies that suggest that caffeine is not a problem nor is it cause of heart attacksa question that is still on the table is how much coffee is too coffee. A study by the European Food Security Authority revealed that the unique doses of 200 mg are not any problem and that a maximum of 400 mg for an adult is fine. In pregnant women and infants, the thing changes and the figures are reduced, but the general measure is about 5.7 mg/kg of the person to talk about safe amounts. But, as we said, it is something that depends a lot because not only does the elaboration come into play, but The origin, variety and roasted of coffeesince it is something that vary the amount of caffeine in the final elaboration. And that is good or not so healthy depends a lot on the situation, such as If dream is missing or if we are going to do some sport. In Xataka | Eating red or chocolate fruits can make you have a better long -term memory. This says science about it

If the question is how far Russia’s help comes to North Korea, the answer has a war name in Ukraine: Shahed

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At the beginning of June more than what is behind that convergence between Moscow and Pyongyang was known. It was known by The protagonists themselves that North Korea had been sending armament for months and soldiers to Russia in his invasion to Ukraine. In return, Russia was giving him what Kim longed for: A functional army. Therefore, the question in the air seemed clear: how much “? The answer has name and origin … in Iran. The Moscow-pyongyang axis. Revealed it in an extensive interview The War Zone Medium General Kyrylo Budanov, head of Ukrainian military intelligence. Apparently, Russia has begun to transfer critical technology to North Korea for the Drones production Long -range Kamikazes and high -precision ballistic missiles, transforming Pyongyang into a key node of Russian war machinery and altering military balance in Asia. Shahed. Among the ceded systems, the ability to manufacture the Shahed-136 drones (known in Russia as Geran), originally from Iranian design and responsible for much of the massive air attacks About Ukraine. Russia already manufactures about 2,000 drones Shahed a month and plan to raise that figure 5,000so the outsourcing towards North Korea responds to a need to maintain the offensive rhythm without saturating its own industry. Providing Pyongyang with this capacity also means giving the possibility of saturate the defenses South Korean antialeas or even re -export drones to Russia for use in Ukraine, feeding a cycle of arms collaboration that consolidates a new authoritarian axis in the global war setting. A Shahed 136 Iranian drone The KN-23 under Russian tutelage. The benefits for North Korea do not end in drones. Budanov details How Moscow has significantly improved North Korean ballistic capacity, especially the KN-23 missile (also known as Hwasong-11), that in its first lots sent to Russia It was useless for its low precision and structural failures. However, thanks to direct technical cooperation with Russian specialists, the missiles have been redesigned until reaching a level of lethal precision, with implications that greatly exceed the Ukrainian conflict. The technological transfer also extends to the system of Air-Aire missiles long range and, possibly more worrying, to submarine systems capable of launching nuclear ballistic missiles. KN-23 The nuclear unknown. Although Budanov does not reveal exact details in the interview, Yes, it makes clear that the development of the naval component of the North Korean nuclear deterrence It is being directly supported by Moscow, which clearly amplifies the destructive potential of Pyongyang and, what is doubtful, alters the strategic balance in the Asian northeast. Korean ammunition. Support is not just technician and we have gone counting. North Korea has provided Russia with an artillery arsenal that includes since Obuses D-74 122 mm to self -propelled cannons 170 mm Koksan and multiple launcher 240 mm mlrs. The latter, According to Budanovthey have proven precise and troops in the field Battle, which explains that Russia has already received 120 units and it is expected that the shipments continue. And much more. In addition, Korea has sent about 11,000 soldiers To the Russian Oblast of Kursk, evidencing that his commitment to Moscow goes far beyond logistics. He also recalled the agreement reached by the Secretary of the Russian Security Council, Serguéi Shoigú, during his visit to Pyongyang, whereby the Entrance of “Labor migrants” North Koreans to replace the exit of Central Asian workers, considered vulnerable to Western infiltration. Budanov warns That many of these “workers” could end up signing military contracts, becoming de facto in Russian soldiers of North Korean nationality, thus expanding the North Korean presence in the front without officially declaring it. Military survival. If you want also, strengthening North Russia – Corea It responds not only to immediate operational needs, but to long -term strategic interests. Moscow obtains armament, soldiers and time. On the other sidewalk, Pyongyang receives technology, implicit diplomatic support and A unique opportunity to position themselves as military power beyond the Korean peninsula. Collaboration is based on a logic of mutual survival: While Russia seeks Nuclear weapons Operational and advanced drones, raising their threat capacity, for example, South Korea and other actors in the region. Challenge to global balance. The alliance, therefore, is not just a regional problem as we indicate A few weeks ago: marks a change in the dynamics of global power, where authoritarian actors share sensitive military technology to avoid sanctions, accelerate their ambitions and challenge established balances. The battlefield in Ukraine, in this context, becomes, again, the laboratory of a new war architecture that now It transcends its borders. Image | National Police of UkrainePresidential Executive Office of Russia, MEHR News Agency, VITALY V. KUZMIN In Xataka | North Korea has been sending armament for months to Russia. In return, Russia is giving him what longs for her: a functional army In Xataka | Russia has confirmed one of the great unknowns of war in Ukraine: North Korea accompanies them and not only with troops

North Korea has run out of the Internet this weekend. The question is who uses the Internet in this country

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The Internet connection of all North Korea has fallen for several hours this weekend. At first it seemed reasonable to anticipate that the interruption of the connection could be caused by A cyber attack from the outside as response to attacks against foreign institutions and companies Orchestrated by Lazarusa group of hackers North Korean elite. However, according to ReutersSeveral experts defend that the origin of the problem lies in North Korea and not in an external cyber attack. Junade Ali, a United Kingdom researcher who monitors the behavior of the North Korean Net They hold which seems to be an internal problem and not an attack from abroad due mainly to the fact that connections through China and Russia were also affected. In any case, the main news services of the country, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Air Koryo airline were some of the web pages that remained inaccessible for several hours. North Korean citizens do not have free Internet access North Korea has one of the most restricted Internet connection infrastructure on the planet. The North Korean government controls it in a strong way with the purpose of preserving the isolation of the country against abroad and ensuring that the administration led by Kim Jong-un exercises absolute control over the information that citizens can access. In practice, the main consequence of this strategy is that North Koreans have a much more limited Internet vision than that we can form the users of other countries. Some north Korea institutions do have total access, or almost total, to the Internet Interestingly, some north Korea institutions do have total, or almost total access to the Internet. The hackers They work for the government, the political elite, the army, government agencies and scientists presumably access to many more resources on the Internet than citizens, although these groups also They are subject to strict supervision of the administration. An interesting note: North Korea is connected to the outside only through two fiber optic links. One of them links this country with China thanks to a connection managed by China Unicom, and the other unites Russia. Whatever the most shocking thing for people who live outside this enigmatic Asian country is that citizens only have access to a completely closed national intranet and controlled by the government known as Kwangmyong (in Spanish it means ‘bright light’). As we can intuit, this Intranet is isolated from the Internet and only brings together a few resources that the Kim Jong-un government considers appropriate so that they can be enjoyed by citizens, such as news and propaganda of the government itself, an internal email service, educational websites and several encyclopedias that, again, are controlled by the administration. This is all. Image | Lukas Kindl More information | Reuters In Xataka | North Korea has been sending armament for months to Russia. In return, Russia is giving him what longs for her: a functional army

I have tried the Nintendo Switch 2 and I already have an answer to the question “Is it worth buying it if I have the original switch”?

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Not every day a new generation of consoles is launched. Nintendo’s are complex to frame for a few years, but within their segment, Nintendo Switch 2 It is a new generation with all the letters. I’ve been a few days Testing the thorough switch For analysis and, between All questions that can be askedmany acquaintances have made me “Is it better to buy Nintendo Switch 2 now or wait?” Answering something like that has a lot of nuances because there is no perfect console for everyone and it depends a lot on the case, what you like to play or what other platforms you have at home. But a question for which I have a much clearer answer is another classic: “If I have a Nintendo SwitchIs it worth changing to Switch 2? “ Before trying the console, I thought it would only be worth it if the jump were going to give it from the original 2017 model, but These days with her have made me change my mind. This is going to be a more reflective text, as if I explained my ideas out loud, and I would love to read you in comments because an interesting debate can come out. A generational jump. Throughout I am a Nintendo Switch user from the launch of the machine. I bought it with ‘The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild‘(Also Switch 2 start game) and, although the machine we are testing these days corresponds to a transfer of Nintendo, I reserved mine and is already in a house. During these eight years, I have played hundreds of hours to Switch, but from the launch it was noted that it was justice in power. The tegra chip that used was obsolete and, although Switch opened the door to the market of the Consolidated PConly Nintendo games and some exceptions had a perfect performance on switch. Then I had the model OLED For a time, and although in that the screen change (much better than that of the original model) and a more premium design, the performance remained the same. In these years, I have tried many games, and many of them with poor performance. Some exclusive titles were very bad and others, such as infamous’Batman Arkham Knight‘, directly They crawled into the console. Come on, a change was necessary. When they connect to the dock, although the resolution increased to show on the TV, the performance in many titles remained below the desired and the multiplatform versions were, in many occasions, objectively worse. As much (the case of ‘Hogwarts Legacy‘, for example, that looks like a game of another generation). When it was announced that Switch 2 was going to be retrocompatible, I stopped playing Switch 1 because I trusted that the performance of games that had no patch, simply by the increase in console power, improved. And it has been pleasant to verify that yes: the switching games 1 that crawled, Now in Switch 2 they are perfect. Image | Xataka This happens both in desktop and laptop mode, but there is something important to take into account: the games that previously were blurred, remain blurred in the new console because in many cases the resolution is not improved. It is something that shows in both modes, since now the dock gives 4K exit and the screen of the console has 1080p resolution compared to 1080p and 720p, respectively, of the first switch. From Switch’s embarrassing pin, we move on to a very good metal pin on switch 2. Image | Xataka And it is not just the power to play a lot of games that were impossible in the previous console (‘Cyberpunk 2077‘,’Yakuza 0‘ either ‘Street Fighter 6‘There are three examples) or exclusive releases such as the impeccable’Mario Kart World‘or the future’Donkey Kong Baniza‘, but Switch 2 feels much more premium than the previous console. Here, yes, there are nuances. If you come from an original switch, the jump is abysmal. The screen is much larger and better, the plastic of the Joy-Con is of more quality and with a velvety finish that feels great in the hands, the speakers have hit another climb, the support for the ‘tabletop’ mode is much better and, in general, everything feels more premium. The biggest joy-with a delight. Image | Xataka If you come from a Switch Oledyou will not receive such a large leap in terms of materials and screen (Switch’s OLED looks spectacular, but this Switch 2 LCD is not far behind), but you will have that extra power that feels great to the veteran console. A month ago, when We saw the console in the Paris eventI commented that Switch 2 seemed to me that It was worth only if you played in desktop. After seeing the performance improvements that put all the Switch 1 games, if you have a wide catalog of pending titles, now after trying it I consider that the jump between switch (both original and OLED) is worth both in desktop mode and in laptop. The new Switch 2 chip is not the pinnacle of technology, but Nvidia has been committed to him And this generation has something that did not have the previous one: the nuclei focused on AI for image reconstruction. Seeing what this technology can do on PC, when applied well, I consider it something that can give Switch a lot of life. I return to the case of ‘Cyberpunk 2077’: Thanks to these technologies, I think they have created A much better port than many could expect At first. If we talk about Switch Lite, the thing changes While now I am clear that it is worth changing from switch to Switch 2, if the console you want to jump is Switch Lite, I don’t have it so clear. Well, I am clear that I would wait for me. I explain myself. If you have Switch Lite It is because you want a strictly laptop console. That had no … Read more

The calls spam from numbers 600 and 700 will be prohibited from tomorrow. The question is where you will call you now

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Saturday, June 7. It is the date on which the normative reform through which the realization of commercial calls from numbers assigned to mobile lines comes into force It is prohibited. The Minister for Digital and Public Transformation advanced in mid -May two amendments to achieve it. From that date, the operators cannot call you from a 6xx number, they will have to do it from an 800 or 900. The question now is what number we can call. The change. Until now, companies had free way to Call you from phone numbers with prefix 6 or 7the same ones that have any individual on your mobile phone. It was a tactic that prevented the user from recognizing a first glance whether or not they were calling him from an advertising department, and one with which the Government will end immediately. From June 7, any call for commercial purposes must be made from a number with prefix 800 or 900. It will be the way we will have the Spaniards to recognize when they are calling us for advertising purposes. Additional to this measure, companies They can’t call you from foreign numbersnor formalize the closure of a contract by phone. The reactions. Digi, one of the operators that grows the most in Spain and aspires to occupy the national top 3 in the short term, It has been the first to move file. Until now, the company could contact the number 642 642 642 and 1200. With the new change, the new customer service is 919 120 120. All calls received from customer service will be from that 900, a practice that the rest of the operators will have to follow immediately to comply with the new regulation. At the moment, giants like Vodafone Where will you have to call you. As a consumer, when calling, change will affect you in cases where the company completely eliminates the number 600 for customer service. The law forces them to call you from 900, but does not prohibit that you call a 600. It will be necessary to inform themselves on the website of each of the companies to know how the changes have applied. Companies are obliged to replace this prefix for a 900 or 800 for their outgoing calls, but Digi has shown that “The easy number” (1200, 1004, 1444) which we always call will remain alive. It is a logical movement, since the legislation does not modify the numbers to those we call Consumers only affect numbers From those who call us. The problem. Although the government wants to reduce the impact of the so -called spam in Spain, the underlying problem remains alive: The consent. Even if you are in the Robinson list, you may receive calls from companies that you think you have not given permission. Sometimes, we have been able to give consent without even knowing it (having formalized a contract, giving a “yes” during a call, etc.). The foundations of “Legitimate interest” They are also diffuse. If the company calls to improve our service and offer discounts, It can be considered as a desired communication. Image | Digi In Xataka | I’m still receiving commercial calls: Why can you and what can you do to avoid telephone spam

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