The debate format that has been radicalizing opinions in the US for years. arrives in Spain. Xokas is its protagonist

The Galician streamer The Xokas sat opposite several ideological rivals in a debate produced and presented by Ibai Llanos on YouTube. The format, which draws directly from the Anglo-Saxon model popularized by Charlie Kirk and ‘Turning Point USA’, leaves open a few questions about the politicization of streaming entertainment and the risks of a genre that turns ideas into spectacle. The Xoqué? If you have been under a virtual rock in recent months and have no idea who El Xkoxas is, here are some facts: Gonzalo Pérez grew up like streamer during the pandemic years, the same period in which platforms like Twitch They multiplied their user base in Europe. Millions of confined people found in these new communicators a company that traditional television did not offer them, and creators like El Xokas capitalized on it. Its followers are mostly young men, between 16 and 30 years old, a very important fact to understand the drift towards incendiary political opinions that its content is having lately. It becomes politicized. The transition of gaming to the political commentary It was not a leap, but a gradual change. Xokas incorporated opinions on current affairs, criticism of what he called “single thinking” and positions on cultural debates (feminism, identity, political correctness) that generated more opinions for and against than any video game game. The search for controversy is a strategy that YouTube algorithm rewards to a greater extent than neutral content. Its truthfulness or independence are aspects completely unrelated to success. Consequence of this drift: He doesn’t invent anything. The “political streamer” is a figure who has come a long way outside of Spain. Figures like Tim Pool either Steven Crowder In the United States they created a template that El Xokas is now repeating: they build a base audience on entertainment topics and when they grow, they pivot towards political commentary, without losing followers along the way, and gaining many new ones. Until recently, our ecosystem of creators declared itself apolitical, with successful streamers like Ibai or El Rubius absolutely oblivious to this type of controversy (and although it is often easy to detect the colors, never declared, of creators like AuronPlay, TheGrefg or Illojuan). The model that Kirk invented. And so we come to the debate of ‘Xokas vs. 8 haters’: eight people critical of the streamer’s career debate with him one by one, with Ibai as host and referee. They talked about Xokas’ personality, politics, economics or feminism and four days later, the video has exceeded four and a half million views. It is a format copied from the debates that Charlie Kirk, A conservative debater, he was organizing until his death since 2012: he in the center, progressive students rebutting him one after another, with Kirk responding to each argument before moving on to the next. The format problem. Different studies have pointed out problems with the format, which make rhetorical ability the true value of these discussions: whoever speaks faster and with more confidence seems to win even if their data is incorrect. In the absence of real-time verification mechanisms, the appearance of handling authentic data matters more than actually doing so. The central debater has an advantage due to the confrontation with successive rivals, which eliminates the pressure of arguments: every time a rival finds a line of argument, time runs out. This Spanish version has some added problems: the title itself already generates an editorial reading: naming the critics as “haters” implies that Xokas is the one who is right: if he debates against “haters”, any argument they raise is associated in advance with bad faith, not with reasoning. Politics, on YouTube. A recent Reuters report documents that Spain follows the European trend of shifting information consumption towards video platforms. Those under 35 years of age are the group furthest from traditional formats and, therefore, are more exposed to political opinion mediated by content creators. That is, the public conversation about taxes, feminism or freedom of expression occurs in environments where the editorial rules are different, more wild and less regulated than those of a conventional medium. History of controversies. To get an idea of ​​how the Xokas positions may be affecting younger people, these are some of the controversial opinions they have expressed: Critical in 2021 to ElRubius and TheGrefg for going to Andorra to pay less taxes. Less than a year later, he threatened to leave if they kept uploading them to him. His trick stolen from “a friend” to flirt with drunk girls was the one who generated more criticism outside the streaming environment, and motivated the famous video of the Ministry of Equality in which he was actively identified as one of the main sources of sexist attitudes of mass reach in Spain. In March 2022, it was discovered that her Twitter defender @CathyVipi, which she used to insult critics and competitors, he carried it himself. He stated that the majority of people who cannot change their physique are “undisciplined and lazy“, rejecting the influence of genetic or psychological factors. It was criticized how opinions of this type can affect young followers. After invest in Knoweatsa home-prepared food company, publicly attacked Wetaca (direct competition) in a live broadcast. Wetaca responded on social media by recovering previous statements from Xokas in which it said that “eating healthy is stupid“. Controlling the narrative of all these controversies is essential for El Xokas and his occasional ally Ibai. For this, nothing better than a trap debate. In Xataka | China has solved the mystery of why there are people who go bankrupt watching streams: the “榜一大哥”

For OpenAI, 2026 will have a clear protagonist: voice

In the last two months, OpenAI has unified several engineering, product and research teams with a single objective: to revolutionize its audio models. The startup is preparing a more natural voice model for this first quarter of 2026, capable of managing interruptions and speaking while you speak, according to a report from The Information. Why is it important. This movement not only seeks to improve ChatGPT, but also to place audio as the main interaction interface, moving screens to the background at least in certain use cases. This is what first-generation smart speakers tried, unsuccessfully, a decade ago. The bet is to build personal devices that work exclusively by voice, with a launch planned for mid-2027. The context. Silicon Valley has been heading in this direction for months: Meta added five microphones to his Ray-Ban Meta 2 to isolate voices in noisy environments. Google is testing audio search summaries. Tesla is going to integrate Grok in their cars to be able to control certain aspects conversationally. In detail. The initiative is led by Kundan Kumarformer researcher of Character.AI which arrived at OpenAI this summer. The new model seeks to sound indistinguishable from a human voice and maintain fluid conversations without the typical cuts of current assistants. Besides, the May 2025 purchase of io Products Inc.Jony Ive’s $6.5 billion startup, marks a turning point. Ive, former head of design at Apple, now leads creative responsibilities at OpenAI with a team of 55 people. Its philosophy, already publicly announced, seeks to reduce addiction to devices through interfaces that do not require constant visual attention. What is happening. OpenAI contemplates several formats: screenless speakers, smart glasses (a clearly booming segment) and a pen-shaped, voice-operated device. Foxconn will manufacture the first product, rumored to be a context-aware pen, in Vietnam. These devices are positioned as complements to laptops and mobile phones, not as substitutes, at least for now. Yes, but. Not all “screenless AI” bets have worked. The Humane AI Pin burned hundreds of millions and defrauded its buyers by offering a half-hearted product that would stop working after the company was sold to HP. Several pendants have been in a similar line for almost two years, without any to date having managed to go beyond being a curiosity. And now what. The schedule is quite tight: New audio model before spring 2026. First dedicated device for sale a year later. OpenAI will go from being a software provider to competing directly in consumer electronics. The question is whether they will achieve what Humane and others have failed to achieve: make people want to talk to their devices without being able to look at a screen. In Xataka | The new Ray-Bans from Meta will allow you to cross a line: seem present while you are completely absent Featured image | Xataka with Mockuuups Studio

The bloodiest scene in the history of cinema left its protagonist in shock. 50 years later we know it was real

Stephen King told that, for him, his Carrie It was like a pig taken to the slaughterhouse, and the blood of the animal reinforced the metaphor anticipating the massacre that would follow. Hence when the novel became a film, the most recognizable scene was the most visceral, organic and unpleasant of all. A gore moment that became celluloid history. The blood that changed terror. The Legend of Carrie (the movie) is born at the moment when a thick mixture of corn syrup and red food coloring falls on actress Sissy Spacek, a moment that has transcended horror cinema itself to become a cultural icon. The construction of the scene (the coronation interrupted by the explosion of humiliation and fury) concentrates the essence of a film that turned the artificial into something emotionally real. He Karo syrupheir to decades of cinematic experimentation with fake blood, here acquired an unexpected meaning by becoming the visual and psychological trigger for Carrie White’s transformation. Anniversary. Now that 50 years have passed since the original film, Spacek has remembered that that substance “warm as a blanket” in the first seconds soon became an exhausting, sticky and repetitive experience, forcing her even to sleep with the bloody suit so as not to have to reproduce the makeup application. But precisely that physical surrender, with its almost immobile and tragic presence under the weight of the thick liquid, is what granted to the plane that kind of mythical quality: the border between artifice and emotion is erased, leaving only the fixed gaze of a broken teenager who feels, for the first time, that the whole world is laughing at her. The infernal filming of a scene. The Independent said It’s been a few years since the prom sequence required almost surgical precision. Although the rest of the scene required more than thirty takes, the exact moment of the blood spill could only be filmed once or twice due to the impossibility of cleaning and recomposing the set. Spacek even accepted that it was her own husband who operated the cube mechanism to ensure that the fall was perfect, knowing that her interpretation would depend on how she received that hit of red viscosity. The fake blood was a physical enemy but also a dramatic element on which the story completely depended: its texture, shine, the way it adhered to the actress’s body and soaked her dress, everything contributed to giving the impression that something irreversible had happened. In fact, many of the scenes we saw ended up being very real: a stage that ended up accidentally burning, a team evacuated while the director I asked to keep rolling and injuries such as the perforation of an actress’ eardrum during the attack of the launched hose telekinetically by Carrie. What should have been millimeter choreography became an almost ritual experience, in which fire, destruction and general chaos seemed to respond to the internal logic of the film itself. The unexpected myth. Despite initial doubts, the rejection of critics who considered it a sensationalist spectacle and the fact that even the name of Stephen King appeared poorly written In the first previews, Carrie ended up transforming into a phenomenon. Its mix of operatic stylization, black humor, adolescent cruelty and symbolic violence connected with a much wider audience than expected, inaugurating a type of youth horror cinema that is still alive several generations later. For King, a small-town teacher who had thrown away the first pages to the garbage can before being rescued by his wife, the film marked the beginning of a hyperbolic race. For director Brian De Palma, it was the definitive consolidation of his baroque style, obsessed with the gaze, visual manipulation and expressive excess. A unique role. Of course, for Sissy Spacek, work meant an Oscar nomination and lasting recognition for a performance that combined absolute vulnerability and unleashed rage. On a personal note, I would say that none of the later remakesreinterpretations and adaptations managed to capture that mixture of innocence, evil and contained tragedy that the original became its hallmark. The validity of a story. The truth is that with the passing of the decades, Carrie has not lost strength. Quite the contrary, its contemporary reading resonates in a world where school violence, public humiliation and the feeling of youth isolation are part of the collective imagination. the movie speaks of the ritualized cruelty of adolescence, of vulnerability to changes in the body and of a universal feeling of maladjustment that Spacek described a few days ago on CNN like that “wounded teenager that we all have inside.” The combination of emotional realism and the tone of a dark story, almost biblical in some passages, turns the story into more than just an exercise in terror. The presence of a fanatic mother, the brutality of her classmates, and Carrie’s own inability to understand what is happening to her allow the story to oscillate between melodrama, religious parable, and Greek tragedy. The visual references, the use of color and the stylization of the final climax consolidate an imaginary that continues to define how psychological horror is filmed. in adolescence. The weight of artifice. Five decades later, Spacek’s memory of filming it’s contradictory: the physical hardness of the process, the exhaustion of wearing hardened layers of corn syrup, the extreme discomfort of the long days and, at the same time, the privilege of having worked on a project where each member of the team was dedicated to something that they did not know would transcend. That mix of technical suffering and unfiltered creativity explains why the blood scene has become an immutable symbol of horror cinema. What began as a practical necessity (creating cheap, realistic, and manageable gore) ended up leaving an indelible mark on how emotional violence is portrayed on screen. Perhaps for this reason, Carrie remains a most accurate study in fragility, repressed rage and the devastating power of humiliation, but also as a demonstration that even a sticky, artificial substance can, in … Read more

I’m generating absurd memes where I am the protagonist and I can’t stop

Openai is not a gray company. When he presented Sora’s first version, it seemed that the video associated with Chatgpt was going to change everything, but the reduced model that ended up arriving at users 10 months later was a complete fiasco. Now have launched Sora 2 without prior notice And, well, I can’t stop. It is totally addictive. It has a metic potential that far exceeds The launch of Nano-Banana de Googleand that reminds the Studio Ghibli phenomenon of Chatgpt, which makes me think that, this time, OpenAi had everything coldly calculated. You have to have effort to get to Sora 2 In the absence of API to get access to the model in third -party tools (Freepik claims to be in it), The only way to create videos with Sora 2 is through Sora, a new OpenAi social network that works like Tiktokbut with videos generated by artificial intelligence itself. Sora is only available, for the moment, In the United States and Canadaso the first thing I had to do to access is to install a VPN. After choosing a username (or importing the one I already had in the old Sora), uploading a profile picture and putting on a bio, I could finally start generating videos with nine seconds sound, in panoramic or vertical format. Not so fast. Sora’s web version is missing several functions, including the most popular of all: create a “cameo” with your face and your voice to become the protagonist of your own videos or to appear in the videos of others. To configure that option you have to download the Sora app, which is now exclusive for iPhone, and is only available in the United States and Canada app store. So I had to install a VPN in iOS, create an Apple account in the United States, associate the new account to the app store and download Sora. Once inside, I found a very familiar interface. A Feed of recommended content, another to see the publications in chronological order and another to see only what you follow. In addition to creating your own content, answering comments, etc. As a novelty, he has an option to tell the AI ​​in what “Mood” you are: what kind of content you want to see. Openai has given in the nail with the “cameos” Anyone who has generated images and videos with AI in recent years knows that models tend to change your face. Nor are they very good to maintain the same face in different scenes. Until recently, the solution was the Loras: Train a model with your photos (technically, refine an already trained model) to generate videos with your face. But Loras are a complex and expensive solution, which has resulted in new techniques to improve the consistency of image models. Flux Kontext of the German company Black Forest Labs or Gemini 2.5 Flash Image Nano-Banana of Google are paradigmatic examples that have pushed the entire sector to improve their consistency. And now Sora cameos arrive. When you open Sora’s application for the first time, you can directly configure your cameo with the phone camera, reading some numbers that appear on the screen and turning the head in the addresses indicated by the app. The recording is used to generate videos with your face and your voice in the context you can think of. There is A huge guide OpenAi to improve your cameos, but the most important point is to be in a well -lit room. With the recording enough for the results to be convincing, but you can add personalized instructions in a text box: I am smiling, I am serious, I am fat, I am skinny, etc. The most important thing is to select who will be able to use your cameo to make videos: only you, only the people to whom you have approved access, all your friends or all users. Sam Altman, the OpenAi CEO, has a public cameo that carries Sora’s initial success. Almost all the videos that have been viralized have Altman as the protagonist. Sora’s first great meme are uncomfortable videos of Sam desperate because they give her more servers: Sam Altman stealing graphics cards in a target, Sam Altman asking for donations, Sam Altman screaming at the Nvidia headquarters that need more GPUS. He Presentation video Sora 2 included OpenAi engineers flying over dragons or riding giant ducks. The same generation of Sora can have several cameos, so one of the star functions could end up being mixed with celebrities. The problem is to find celebrities willing to give your image that way. In one of my videos, Ijustine tells me How fine the iPhone Air and Sam Altman replies that “it is a respectable size, I would say.” The videos take a few minutes to generate. You can do several at the same time (up to 100 a day) and then publish or leave them in drafts. More similar to I came than Tiktok or Instagram Sora is first and foremost an poisoned dart against goal. The queen of social networks has not only been fishing Openai engineers with her astronomical salaries, but just a week ago she had just launched her own social network of self -generated content: “Vibes.” With a more creative or artistic approach that Sora, Vibes has been described by the less flattering comments as a “Ai Slop” landfill, garbage content generated with AI. Sora is still, in large part, garbage generated with AI. But the feeling I have while I do Scroll It is to have returned to the times of Vine, the precursor of Tiktok that was bought by Twitter and then close. An amalgam of scathing sketches and anonymous moments with the innocence of a time in which the short video did not monetize nor competed for your attention against millions and millions and millions of other vertical videos. For now, people are in Sora to pass it well. And to put Sam Altman in trouble. … Read more

false videos of yourself being the protagonist

Openai has just discovered the formula of definitive addiction. It is not just about watching videos of people like you (that trick was already dominated by Tiktok), it is about seeing yourself being the protagonist of each clip. Cameos, the new function of Sora 2converts the experience of passive consumption into something tremendously narcissistic: a Feed infinite where tU face appears constantly doing things you never did, in places where you were neverliving lives that you never lived. Mechanics is simple: You record your face once. You verify your identity. And from there any friend to who describes can insert you into their creations. The result is a social validation laboratory where the ‘digital self’ eclipses the ‘real I’. Adolescents, already vulnerable to identity distortion produced existing in parallel realities more attractive than yours. The precedent is there: when Openai launched the Ghibli style filters, Millions of users flooded the networks with animated versions of themselves. It was a moment of collective, but ephemeral euphoria. Sora 2 It does not offer a moment but an ecosystem. A place where the content is not exhausted because the content is you, Infinitely remezable, eternally protagonist. The difference between seeing others and seeing yourself is abysmal and that is why the Instagram walls were full of photos made with the rear camera and now of photos made with the front camera. Permanent self -promotion. Tiktok hackea the reward circuit showing you similar people, Sora 2 short circuits: Each video is an improved mirror. OpenAI has built parental controls, water marks, permissions revocation systems. Everything is designed to mitigate obvious risks. But real risk is not punctual use, it is The normalization of living in a reality manufactured Where your digital version is always more interesting than your real version. It is technology that understands too well how we work, what are the weak points of our psyche in this era. And that understanding is more addictive than anything we have seen so far. In Xataka | Tiktok, Instagram and X dominated our lives, but now their users are escaping to chat with machines Outstanding image | OpenAI

Neither Spain, nor Portugal, nor Greece. The country where you work less in Europe has a surprising protagonist: Germany

In May, and through Eurostat dataa reality was found that sometimes confuses a story: the myth that says that the Germans work more than the Spaniards It was not held With the figures in the hand. The key, like We comment thenI was in the quality of the labor market: a good part of the German workers work less hours a week in part -time jobs, but they did it for more years than the Spanish workers. And now the OECD has arrived to put Germany In its place. Labor identity crisis. Germany, traditionally associated with discipline and productivity, faces a paradox today: According to the OECDis the developed country where Less hours work per year, just 1,331 against The 1,898 of Greece or the 1,716 of Portugal. The situation involves a symbolic blow to a country that just a decade ago imposed austerity policies to the countries of the South, stigmatizing them as little workers. The fall in the workload is combined with a economic deterioration Palpable: unemployment has overcome three million people For the first time in a decade, the economy has contracted for two consecutive years and GDP is already less than in 2019, while Spain and Greece grow at rhythms over 2%. The debate on work. We have gone counting. The reduction of hours worked has become on central theme In German politics. Chancellor Friedrich Merz warns that with four -day work weeks and an excess of emphasis on the “vital balance” will not sustain the prosperity of the country. The data They are striking: German workers enjoy holidays longer than the legal minimum, numerous festivities and an average of 19 medical casualties a year, in front of 16 before the pandemic, a change that experts attribute more to culture than to health. Scandals like that of a teacher in Baja since 2009 charging full salary They have reinforced the perception that labor laxity is unsustainable. The roots of the phenomenon. They counted In the Washington Post that specialists argue that it is not a laziness, but rather of structural barriers. Almost half of German women work part -time, figure that exceeds 65% In the case of mothers, which translates into one of the greatest full -time equivalent employment gaps of the entire EU. Historical factors also weigh: in Western Germany, working mothers were stigmatized Like “Cuervo Mothers”while in the east, under the socialist model, full -time employment was promoted with nurseries from an early age. Today cultural differences persist and a child care system with short schedules that prevents many families from holding full -time jobs. Proposals and resistances. The experts They coincide in which to expand the nurseries and extend their schedules would be decisive, but the technical solutions collide with the policy. Changing the tax declaration to individual system could add the equivalent to half a million jobs full time, but is perceived as “anti-family” and is difficult to approve. For their part, entrepreneurs They claim Less bureaucracy and more immigrationwhile some researchers advocate simple reforms that release hidden work hours. However, government responses have been considered shy and insufficient, and the feeling of postponement persists. The four -day elephant. Paradoxically, while political leaders ask for more work, there are more and more companies that rehearse with shorter jobs. In 2024, 45 companies tested the four -day With equal salaries and reduced hours, with Positive results: Greater productivity per hour and more satisfied employees. Most of these firms plan to keep the model, consolidating the trend in favor of free time. Thus, Germany moves Between two poles: a productive system that suffers stagnation and presses to extend days, and a society that values ​​life more and more outside of work, drawing a clash of visions that puts into play not only the economy, but the identity of the country. Image | International Tr In Xataka | The myth says that Germans work more than the Spaniards. The data tell a different thing In Xataka | Some researchers have analyzed the working day in Spain: the same thing that 40 years ago is worked, but in worse jobs

The countries with the greatest oil reserves, exposed in this graphic with a sad protagonist: Venezuela

Humanity is still tied to oil. Although the rise of renewable energies He pointed to one revolutionrecently we have seen that, when things get ugly and We need energy peaksone has to Pull fossil fuels again. The oil companies themselves who got into the renewable car They unchecked a few months agoand that is why it is interesting to know What countries have that oil. And it is something that is illustrated perfectly in this graph. The rich. Prepared by Visual Capitalist With data from the EIAin it the production is not shown, but the reserves. They are two very different things and will make sense immediately. Before that, Venezuela’s reserves are imposing, with 303,000 million certified barrels. Secondly, Saudi Arabia with 267,000 million and, in third place, an Iran in which oil has been the protagonist in recent weeks due to the confrontation with Israel. A lot of distance from Venezuela we have Canada, Iraq, Eau, Kuwait, Russia, the United States or Libya. And, of these last names, the two American countries are those that are separated in the graph because they are not part of the OPEC. OPEC+ and the monopoly. In 1960, five heavy pesos on that list (Venezuela, Iran, Kuwait, Saudi IRK and Rabia formed the organization of oil export countries, OPEC. Its objective was to coordinate and unify oil policies to maintain stable prices, ensure supply and, above all, protect your interests. Over time other countries were added, forming the well -known OPEC+ (which has its own internal cohesion problems. Together, member countries concentrate about 80% of global oil reserves, but although Venezuela has imposing reserves, its production does not go to par due to political blockages and limitations. At its peak, they produced three million barrels per day. Today they are the twenty -first producing country with 770,000 barrels per day, behind countries with much lower reserves. One of the wells that China is operating China wants to sign up for the list. At the top, the United States, Saudi Russia and Arabia lead the ranking with 8-12 million barrels per day, but although it does not appear in the graph, there is a country that we should take into account: China. Currently, the Asian giant is the Greater World Oil Importerbut in recent years it has increased significantly Its internal production. Thanks to pharaonic works that include some of the deepest wells carried out by humanityin March of this year they got a record of 4.6 million barrels per day. It was the highest point in the history of the country and, although inequality was very high between production and import, apart from continuing excavating they have been made with record reserves in recent years. It is calculated that They tell With more than 1,180 million stored barrels that would shield them, for a while, of any cutting in the supply. The United States, for example, also has a reserve to respond to crises and the sources vary, but the updated figures point to about 400 million barrels. Pure and hard strategy. Beyond the obvious importance of oil on the economy of a producing country, we have the Strategic Facet. As oil continues moving the worldhaving large reservations allows countries to exercise their influence on international politics. As? Coordinating production to influence prices and economyFor example. And we have also seen how oil has been a protagonist agent in armed conflicts. The invasion of Iraq, for example, or the war between Iran and Israel that, without affecting the flow of crude oil, already caused that The market will panic. Images | Visual Capitalist, CNPC In Xataka | The oil market faces a triple coup and IEA is clear why: Iran, Opep+ and electric vehicles

The percentage of GDP that each country allocates to Defense, exposed in this graphic with an unavoidable protagonist

Talking about war is looking at Ukraine and Russia. The contest between the two countries It is dilated from its start in 2022, but there are many countries that are in a War situation (between them or internally) and many others in constant tension, such as Myanmar, India and Taiwan with China either Poland with Russia. And that implies one thing: They spend more money in defense. Not only them: the world is spending more money on that militarization, and in this graph prepared by Visual Capitalist We can clearly see the military spending of each country in proportion to its GDP. Spending compared to your GDP. The gross domestic product is a A country’s economy indicator. It is the sum of all the goods and services that occur within a country for a year and, if it goes up, it means that the economy produces more. If you go down, on the contrary. That money has to be reinvested, and what we are seeing is that there are countries that are increasingly investing more money from their GDP in defense. For the elaboration of the graph, the data of the International Stockholm Institute for Peace Research -sipri- and, although these data are public, there are cases such as Russia, Saudi or China Arabia in which estimates have to be resorted to. The evergreen trio. In the infographic Ukraine stands out as the country that more money in relation to its GDP has invested in defense. It is estimated that Ukraine allocated $ 64.7 billion to His military arm. It is, with a lot of difference, the country that is making the most effort in the world in this regard, but the funny thing is that others with a much lower defense percentage, reach Astronomical figures. This is because the GDP of these other countries is much higher. Thus, we see that Israel with its 8.8% of GDP in defense, Algeria with 8% or Saudi Arabia with 7.3% or approach a Russia that invests 7.1% of its GDP, which translates into about 149,000 million dollars. Then we have Chinainvesting 1.7% of its GDP – about 314,000 million dollars – and the true monster: a United States that, with its 3.4%, is estimated to invest about 997,000 million in defense. Logical. As we say, it has all the meaning that is the countries with greater tension that most invest in defense because it is not necessary to have an open war to be in those first positions. An example is Poland, which has increased spending due to recent tensions with Russia. Another example is that of Algeria, which in 2022 allocated 4.1% of its GDP to Defense and in 2024 the figure folded to 8% due to the dispute of the Western Sahara with Morocco. Alcista Trend. According to the SIPRI, although not all NATO members fulfilled their objectives, something for what Trump is pushingmilitary expenditure did increase in all of them. The aforementioned United States represents 66% of NATO spending And more than a third, they alone, of the world military spending. And the situation is far from sending. In 2023, global military expend Cold war. For contextualizing something else, the agency estimates that the United Kingdom increased its military expenditure by 2.8%, France by 6.1%, Sweden in 34% and Mexico by 66% during the last year. In total, taking world GDP, it is estimated that the world spent 2.5% of it in the army, when the last years had remained around 2.2%. And that before Europe installs rearme. In Xataka | To hunt Russian drones, Ukraine is resorting to a revolutionary technique … from World War I

The US strategy before China’s unstoppable naval growth has an unexpected protagonist: Japan

The United States has been lagging behind in a field that previously dominated with iron fist. Its Marina fleet (sub) has been reduced to the same time as its budget. While China, Russia or even North Korea have been developing A new type of “war” Under the sea giving special importance to the “nuclear” theme in the UUV, Washington was still paralyzed. He Arctic case It is another perfect example. Perhaps for this reason, the approach has turned radically: Japan. Japan as an example. Before the growing Maritime Power of China And the difficulties facing the naval industry of the United States, Congress is evaluating the possibility of Adopt the Japanese model of constant production of submarines. Unlike the American system, where the amount of built vessels varies annually according to the budget, Japan (next to South Korea) has maintained for decades a production rate of A submarine per yearan approach that has provided stability to its naval industry and cost efficiency. The Naval Congress Specialist, Ronald O’Rourke, presented this model at a hearing of the Subcommittee for the Projection of Forces and Maritime Power of the House of Representatives, arguing that the Japanese strategy allows to maintain an constant acquisition rate Without affecting the total size of the fleet. Instead of increasing production, Japan manages the number of submarines in service through the extension of its useful life. The success of the Japanese model. To understand the formula we must go back in time. For decades, Japan has followed this strategy for protect your maritime interestsespecially in the soybeans, Tsugu and Tsushima, key routes where Russian and Chinese ships travel. Initially, its fleet consisted of 16 operational submarines and two training, but in 2010 it extended its objective to 22 submarines without increasing productionsimply prolonging your service time from 16 to 22 years. There is another key: the Japanese system allows Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and Kawasaki Heavy Industries alternate the manufacture of submarineswhich avoids fluctuations in the workload of the shipyards and guarantees the maintenance of a highly specialized workforce. This strategy has caused the Japanese naval industry to be efficient, competitive and adaptable to changes in defense needs without generating extra costs or logistic problems. In front of the US decline. On the other sidewalk we have Washington. While Japan maintains its stability in naval production, the United States Navy faces A worrying scenario. The construction of your ships has become increasingly expensive and slowand the data corroborates it, since the total cost of the 46 ships currently under construction was tripled in a single year, from 3.4 billion to 10.4 billion dollars. But there is more. The aircraft carriers, which used to take 8 years to build, now They require 11 years. Here, China is advancing on the right too, As we explain. The attack submarines, whose construction took six years in the 2000s, now take nine. Even the Navy faces the shortage of personnel, both in the shipyards and in the crews, which further aggravates delays. All challenges that make the option of adopting the Japanese approach or that of South Korea, two of the world’s largest naval builders, win traction in Washington, especially when the number of US attack submarines is on the way to decrease in the coming yearswhich could affect the balance of power in the Pacific. Japan as a strategic complement. All this leads us to the proposal of Congress. In addition, the strengthening of the Japanese underwater fleet not only reinforces Tokyo’s defense, but also benefits the United States By having a better prepared ally in the region. O’Rourke pointed out that if Japan decided to expand its fleet to 30 submarines, it could do it maintaining its current production rate and extending the useful life of their vessels at 30 years. The recent delivery of RAIGEI Submarineof the Taigei class, by Kawasaki Heavy Industries to the Japan Ministry of Defense, it is a sample of the efficiency of the system we are talking about. Mitsubishi did the same with him Jingei submarinereflecting a constant production scheme that contrasts with the problems of the American naval industry. The challenge in an uncertain political context. While the Japanese model offers clear solutions, its implementation in the United States is not so simple. The main reason? The American system depends on annual budget negotiationswhat generates fluctuations in naval production and hinders long -term planning. In addition, political and economic uncertainty, including possible commercial restrictions and Threat of new tariffs On the part of the Trump administration, they could further complicate any attempt to stabilize the industry. Thus, the things already measure that competition with China in the maritime field intensifies, the US Congress is forced to reconsider its naval construction strategy. Adopting the Japanese model could represent a viable solution to improve efficiency, reduce costs and ensure that the Navy keeps its position on the global stage. A complicated equation that would require deep structural changes In the way in which the country finances and manages its industry, a challenge that is yet to be resolved. Image | Tom Dennison In Xataka | The US Navy faces an unprecedented threat: China, Russia and North Korea are developing a new type of underwater war In Xataka | Eight Rompehielos have turned Russia into the power of the Arctic. Your secret: Nuclear force to operate all year

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