incredible

The problem of depopulation and the incredible demographic polarization of Europe, on a bleak map

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Europe is experiencing a silent paradox: its total population is growing in recent decades and yet, half of its towns and cities today have fewer inhabitants than in the 1960s. Special mention deserves cities like Madrid, Athens or Lisbon, truly out of control in front of the wastelands that are right next door. It is the consequence of decades of rural exodus, falling birth rates and migratory flows. Beyond colors and figures, this has a direct consequence in those municipalities that are dying: schools that close, doctors without substitutes and trains that no longer stop at stations. The map shows the population change municipality to municipality in Europe between 1961 and 2024. Green indicates growth and red indicates loss of inhabitants. Be careful because there are places where the growth is 500% and others where the drop reaches 80%. It covers around 100,000 municipalities in 32 countries: all EU states plus the United Kingdom, Norway, Switzerland and Iceland. This magnificent map is the work of Correctiv with data from the Eurostat Joint Research Center (JRC) based on a 63-year municipal historical series with homogeneous borders. How has he achieved it? The JRC has used satellite images of residential building volume as an indicator of where people lived in each era, and cross-referenced that information with harmonized Eurostat censuses. We recommend visiting the website of Correctiv for an in-depth view of its infographic with animations, where it also allows you to filter by two periods: from 61 to 91 and from 91 to 2024 and more or less around that time there is a historical milestone that marks the future of the East: the fall of the Berlin Wall. In the 32 countries analyzed, one in five rural municipalities has lost more than half of its population in these 60 years. Is the consequence of the urbanization of the 20th century: industry concentrated employment in the cities and the service economies that came later gave the finishing touch. Rural areas, on the other hand, live in a vicious circle: the more services are closed, the more depopulation, and so on. We are talking about bank branches, bakeries, consultations… The demographer Claudia Neu warns that the aging of European societies is the greatest challenge and that health and care costs will fall on this young generation, let us remember is increasingly scarce. The Europe of Schrödinger: grows and empties at the same time Population change in Europe: 1961 – 2024. Correctiv Europe is the oldest continent on the planet: has a birth rate average below 1.5 children per woman, looking from afar at that 2.1 that stipulates the replacement level. In Italy and Spain it is 1.3. The budding demographic pyramid in a system designed to function under constant growth, that is, the pressure of health, care and pensions falls on a base that narrows each year. In fact, the Center for European Reform He already says it loud and clear: only immigration can save us. The fall of the Berlin Wall and the opening of European borders triggered a large migratory flow from the former Soviet bloc to the west. 88% of municipalities in eastern Germany have lost population since 1991, compared to only 26% in the west. Bulgaria, Romania, Lithuania and Latvia lead a unique decline in European history without wars involved. In fact, Bulgaria takes the cake: the Vidin region has lost 61% of its population. In Lithuania there is a contradiction: while 73% of its municipalities have shrunk, the capital has tripled. But what am I going to tell you if you live in Spain. Spain is the maximum expression of this trend. Correctiv Because Spain embodies the paradox of the map like no one else: Eight of the ten fastest growing municipalities in all of Europe are municipalities on the outskirts of Madrid. Meanwhile, Villarroya in Rioja has lost 98% of its inhabitants since 1961. Spain emptied. Be careful, Spain is not emptied as a whole, but it is polarized: it grows on the coasts and the big cities and bleeds into the interior. The immediate future does not invite optimism: the INE projects that the Spanish state will always have more deaths than births during the next fifteen years and that the percentage of people over 65 years of age, which today is 20.4%, will exceed 30% by 2055. The only safety valve to sustain the numbers is immigration: net inflows are projected to be around 375,000 people per year until mid-century, that is, by 2050 4 out of every 10 residents of the Spanish state will be born outside In Xataka | There is a very simple reason why it has taken Spain so long to have fiber optics in rural areas: this map In Xataka | Empty Europe: this is how the population has moved from the countryside to the city in just ten years Cover | Correctiv

The lungs have an incredible capacity to regenerate after quitting tobacco. But time plays against

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Smoking is not healthy at all and even less for our lungs, which are severely affected in their structure by the harmful damage of the tobacco or at the end of any substance other than oxygen. This is something that is quite well internalized, but the other reality is that when we quit tobacco we can recover some of what we lost due to its great capacity for regeneration driven by healthy cells that replace damaged ones. There is evidence. The great turning point in our understanding of this phenomenon came with a pioneering study published in Nature in 2020, where they analyzed the cells that line our bronchi among smokers, ex-smokers and people who have never touched a cigarette. Here what they found was fascinating, since they saw that in the lungs of smokers there were a large number of cells that were mutated and could be the prelude to lung cancer. However, upon quitting this bad habit, a group of non-mutated cells genetically similar to those of non-smokers began to proliferate rapidly. It’s good news. So, at this moment the healthy cells, which had remained “hidden” or protected from the smoke, begin to multiply to replace the damaged ones that end up dying to prevent them from developing cancer. Here the study pointed out that up to 40% of lung cells in ex-smokers are these new replacement cells, and most importantly, this repair process occurs even in people who have smoked a pack a day for 40 years, which is a lot. That is why this is the explanation we find for the plummeting risk of lung cancer after quitting smoking, although it is not logically eliminated. The chronology. Regeneration is not only genetic, but it is also mechanical and functional, and we see it clearly in the different events that occur when tobacco is stopped. For example, in the first 24 hours There is a normalization of carbon monoxide levels in the blood and the effect on respiratory capacity or even blood pressure is noticeable. In subsequent weeks, tissue recovery and regeneration of cilia begins, which are small “brooms” in the lungs to expel the mucus that accumulates upward, drastically reducing respiratory infections. But if we go to the first year, we see how lung capacity experiences a measurable improvement in a spirometry. You have to be cautious. Despite the good news, experts and companies like SEPAR they are prudent by pointing out that lung regeneration is partial, not total. This means that the lung is not exactly that of a newborn, and there are structural damages that are irreversible. Diseases such as emphysema or advanced fibrosis persist, since the tissue destroyed at these levels cannot regenerate. Likewise, in the case of COPD, quitting smoking significantly stops or slows down the progression of the disease, but does not cure the severe obstructive damage already established. Age influences. The regeneration capacity also decreases with age and with the years accumulated as a smoker. Healthy cells end up dominating the epithelium after years of abstinence, but there are always residual risks that do not disappear. This should make us aware of how important it is to stop smoking as soon as possible so that we can have much fewer chances of having a serious disease in our lung, such as cancer. Images | wirestock at Magnific In Xataka | Beyond tobacco: we have just discovered that diet can also affect the risk of developing lung cancer

The incredible story of the tallest building on the planet that ended up becoming the largest swimming pool in the Soviet Union

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During the coldest winters of the Soviet Union, there was a place in Moscow where thousands of people they continued bathing outdoors while huge clouds of steam completely covered the landscape. In fact, from some points in the city the silhouettes of the swimmers could barely be distinguished among the artificial fog. For many foreign visitors, that scene seemed more like something out of a science fiction movie than in the center of a Soviet capital. I don’t remember spaces that have given so much, literally. The cathedral that Stalin erased from the map. Yes, for decades, one of the strangest places in Moscow was that huge smoking circle where thousands of people swam under the snow without thinking much about what had existed there before. The fascinating thing is that that place had first been the largest orthodox cathedral of Russia, then the land chosen to build the tallest building on the planet and finally the outdoor pool bigger. Today, on that same site, it rises again a gigantic cathedral golden Few stories explain so well how architecture can become an ideological battle permanent between empires, revolutions and erased memories. The monument that celebrated the defeat of Napoleon. The story began after Napoleon Bonaparte’s withdrawal from Russia in 1812, when Tsar Alexander I promised to raise a huge cathedral in honor of Christ the Savior as thanks for the survival of the Russian empire. The project went through decades of delays, design changes and ideological disputes until it became a gigantic cathedral orthodox partially inspired by Hagia Sophia of Constantinople. Its construction took more than forty years and the final result completely dominated Moscow skyline with huge golden domes visible from the Kremlin. The building represented the union between religion, monarchy and Russian imperial power at a time when the country was trying to project itself as a great European power. The ancient Cathedral of Christ the Savior Stalin wanted to erase the old Russia and build something greater. After the Revolution of 1917the Bolsheviks began a fierce campaign against religion because they considered that the new Soviet society couldn’t share space with symbols of the old imperial order. Churches were closed, confiscated or reused as warehouses, cinemas or homes, but the Cathedral of Christ the Savior It was too visible to survive. In 1931, by direct order of Joseph Stalin, the building was demolished with explosives to make way for to the most delirious project of Soviet architecture: Palace of Soviets. The plan was to build a 415 meter colossus crowned by a gigantic statue of Lenin about one hundred meters high, a building so enormous that it would have surpassed any existing skyscraper on the planet. The objective was not only architectural. Stalin wanted to physically demonstrate that Soviet communism had forever replaced the old, religious, tsarist Russia. This is how the Palace of the Soviets would have looked The tallest building on the planet never came into existence. The architect Boris Iofan He spent years obsessed with that monumental project, designing enormous auditoriums, stepped terraces and spaces designed to glorify the Soviet State and its leaders. It was excavated a gigantic crater next to the Moscova River, the foundation work and part of the metal structure began got upbut reality ended up destroying the Soviet propaganda dream. The terrain was difficult, water continually flooded the area and the German invasion of 1941 definitively paralyzed the works. Much of the steel accumulated for the building ended up reused in fortifications and bridges during the war. What should have been the greatest architectural symbol of world communism ended up becoming a huge muddy hole in the middle of Moscow. Then something even more surreal happened. Instead of resuming the project after the war, the Soviet regime made a completely unexpected decision: transform that immense circular foundation into a gigantic public swimming pool. This is how the Moskva swimming pool was born, inaugurated in 1960 under Nikita Khrushchev. The place became the outdoor pool bigger of the Soviet Union and possibly the world, with 130 meters in diameter and capacity for thousands of people. The water remained heated even in winter, creating huge clouds of steam over the center of Moscow as citizens swam surrounded by snow and sub-zero temperatures. For entire generations of Soviet people, that space stopped being a religious or political symbol and became simply an everyday place where they could learn to swim, meet with friends or escape the cold. The most famous swimming pool in Moscow and its legends. The gigantic circular pond acquired over time a almost mythological fame. The dense columns of vapor made visibility difficult in winter and began to circulate rumors about accidents, drownings and alleged “suicide cults” linked to the ancient sacred ground where the destroyed cathedral had stood. There were also stories about humidity and corrosion that the complex caused in nearby buildings and nearby museums. Still, millions of people used the pool for decades and for many Moscow residents that place ended up forming an inseparable part of their personal memories, even if they knew that they were literally swimming over the ruins of one of the most important temples of imperial Russia. The Cathedral of Christ the Savior restored on what was the largest pool The fall of the USSR changed everything again. With the Soviet collapse, Russia began to recover religious symbols and nationals who had been persecuted for decades. Maintaining the gigantic pool turned economically unsustainable due to the enormous cost of heating and electricity, while a movement grew that demanded the reconstruction of the original cathedral. In 1994 the pool was emptied and demolishedand soon after began an accelerated reconstruction financed by donations and institutional support. He new temple was built in just a few years and consecrated in 2000 as a almost exact replica of the building destroyed by Stalin. For many Russians, that reconstruction symbolized the return of religion and Russian historical identity after the Soviet period; For others, it … Read more

the incredible history of the largest castle in the world

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Europe is full of castles, but there are castles and castles and the one of the Teutonic Order in Malbork plays in another league: more than just a building, it is actually a superb Gothic brick complex built in the 13th century. In fact, It is the largest castle in the world on surface. To get the idea, it is four times that of Windsor. Furthermore, it is UNESCO World Heritage Site. The Castle of the Teutonic Order in Malbork stands imposingly on the southeastern bank of the Nogat River in northern Poland, and as interesting as its impressive construction and size is its history. Beyond being a witness to Central European history, this building was built by the Teutonic Knights, a militarized German Catholic religious order of crusaders that served to Christianize the entire Baltic coast for centuries. Among other things. A masterpiece of architecture. The intro has served to whet our appetite, but the Ordensburg Marienburg complex is architecturally a marvel: it comes with a huge palace, a monastery, three different castles and hundreds of auxiliary buildings. In essence, they are three castles separated by moats and towers, three castles in one. The castle began to be built around 1274 and reached its maximum splendor in 1406, that is, it took just over 130 years. The complex that had to expand to provide shelter to 3,000 brothers of the Order, thus becoming the largest fortified Gothic building in Europe. For its construction they were needed 30 million bricks. It was impressive inside and out: inside there were amazing innovations for the time, such as hot air central heating and an advanced sewage system. Its large halls have ribbed vaults that are authentic masterpieces of engineering secular gothic Entrance. Diego Delso Why was it built?. The construction of the Castle of the Teutonic Order in Malbork goes hand in hand with the history and future of said militarized religious organization. And at that time, the Teutonic Order was looking for a new Headquarters after its withdrawal from the Holy Land. After a time in Venice, in 1309 Grand Master Siegfried von Feuchtwangen transfer the seat of the Italian city at Malbork, in newly conquered Prussia. The main objective was to reinforce control over the area after the repression of the Great Prussian Revolt of 1274. Thus, that border area became the nerve center of a Monastic State that would govern much of the Baltic. In addition to its religious and military function, the castle was instrumental in establishing a monopoly on amber. thanks to your strategic location along the Nogat, allowing the Teutonic Knights to collect tolls from ships transiting the river to finance their military campaigns against the pagan peoples of Lithuania and convert the fortress into a commercial center integrated into the Hanseatic League. All this allowed them to ensure their economic power of the Teutonic State in the region. Historical context: the Baltic Crusades. Malbork reached its peak during the Baltic Crusades, a period when Germanic military orders sought the forced Christianization of the northeastern peoples of Europe. In this context, the castle not only acted as a military base: it was also its best visual propaganda. A complex of such dimensions is a financial and military ostentation to potential enemies. Come on, such an impressive architectural work shows that you have God on your side. Malbork became the most powerful manifestation of the Crusades in Eastern Europe. From 1309 it was the headquarters of the Order, a role it played until its decline at the beginning of the 15th century. This period coincides with the height of Teutonic power in the Baltic, with the fortress as the political, military and religious epicenter of a sovereign monastic state. Decline, destruction and rebirth. The Teutonic Knights were finally defeated decisively in the Battle of Grunwald on July 15, 1410 at the hands of the armies of Poland and Lithuania with the support of the Tatars. In 1457, during the Thirteen Years’ War, a Bohemian mercenary they sold the castle to King Casimir IV of Poland, becoming a Polish royal residence until 1772. However, the darkest chapter in its history dates back to 1945, on the verge of the end of World War II: the forces of the German army and the Red Army reduced more than half of the structure to rubble, as can be seen. see yourself in these photos. The landscape was so desolate that restoring it seemed like an impossible mission, but the process began in 1947 and is still continuing. Thus, with the passing of the year and the good work of specialists who have used historical documentation for a detailed restoration, they have managed, among other things, to recover the interior of Saint Mary’s church. In 1997 it was declared a World Heritage Site and since 1961 it has housed the Malbork Castle Museum. In Xataka | That Christian Friedrich von Kahlbut died in 1702 is nothing exceptional. That his corpse has not decomposed, yes In Xataka | We just discovered that a semi-legendary Nile king really existed thanks to a 17th century document found in trash Cover | Gregory

In 1968 the Soviet Union launched two turtles into space. The most incredible thing is that the two came back to tell it

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After the applause, whistles and the clinking of vodka bottles with which the night had started, silence now extends through the control center of Yevpatoria like a cold blizzard. The Soviet engineers, standing scattered in front of the monitors, can almost feel their icy, wet touch on their skin. All eyes are focused on the same person: Vasili Mishin, the chief designer who arrived from Baikonur to supervise the launch of the Soyud spacecraft of the Zond 5 mission. Sitting in front of the computers, Mishin does not take his penetrating eyes off the flashing lights on the panel. The Soyud which shortly before had successfully taken off towards the Moon (with a Proton rocket) from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, is having problems. And serious. With each clearing of Mishin’s throat, the silence in the Yevpatoria room becomes denser and denser. Although, like the rest of his comrades, Mishin had celebrated the takeoff of the Soyud ship in style, now beneath his thick, tangled eyebrows his pupils shine with a concentrated expression. History remembers him as “the loser in the race to the moon“, but that night he hits the nail on the head. Before the expectant gaze of his colleagues (and the distant but overwhelming tutelage of the Moscow leaders, immersed at that time in the space race with the United States), Mishin gives some precise and the ship 7K-L1 solves its first incident. The gyrfalcons of Moscow breathe a sigh of relief. Mishin’s brow relaxes. And at the Yevpatoria control center, bottles of vodka are being uncorked again. The celebration continues. Zond 5 at the time of being rescued. (POT) It is the night of September 14-15, 1968. Hundreds of meters above the heads of Mishin and the Yevpatoria engineers, 7k-L1 rises unstoppably towards the Moon. The journey of Zond 5 will go down in history for being the first probe to hit one turn around the satellite and return to Earth. An odyssey not without difficulties. The problem that the ship registered shortly after taking off from Kazakhstan would not be the only one on its eventful journey. Zond and his peculiar crew Zond 5 does not attract attention, however, due to the incidents it has had since its takeoff. He does it for the curious crew that was on board. The same one that would have perished in space if Mishin and the rest of the Yevpatoria team had not shown their cold blood. In order to check whether trips around the Moon could pose any problems for astronauts, the Soviets introduced Zond 5 capsule fruit flies, worms, plants, seeds, bacteria and… two turtlestwo copies of Testudo horsfieldii. In the pilot’s seat there was also a mannequin that emulated a Soviet astronaut: it was 1.75 meters tall and weighed 70 kilos. Space technicians had inserted sensors to monitor the levels of radiation to which he was exposed. A peculiar Noah’s Ark… With a rag and plastic Noah at the controls. Scientists with turtles in their hands. As Brian Harvey tells it in Soviet and Russian Lunar Explorationthe turtles had to face a journey worthy of Hollywood. On the way to the Moon, part of the mechanism contaminated and became unusable. During their return to Earth, another incident prevented the operation from proceeding as planned. The work that the Soviets had done left much to be desired: the sensor to locate the Earth was poorly mounted and the optics of the stellar sensors were blocked by the thermal insulation. On their return, the Chelonians had to endure a tremendous sway. The violent descent caused the outer shield of the ship (which weighed about 5,400 kilos) to reach very high temperatures. The capsule landed in the Indian Ocean on September 21, around seven in the afternoon. Their large parachutes were deployed to cushion the fall and beacons marked their location, not far from the Borovichy ship, who took it out of the water the next morning. From there he transferred to the cargo ship Viasili Golovin bound for Bombay, where he embarked on a Antono planev that took her back to the USSR. When they checked the interior of the ship, the technicians met the watery eyes of the pair of intrepid turtles who had flown around the Moon. They arrived before all of us. (Schorle/Wikipedia) Although their health was good, the turtles looked like two newcomers from the war: they had lost 10% of their body weight, they were starving (they had not eaten since days before takeoff, when they were placed in the capsule) and to make matters worse, it is said that one of them had hurt her eye. Not a bad balance if you take into account the stellar journey they had undergone. Their triumphant return after making a historic return to the Moon, however, did not help them save their lives. What the violent splashdown in the Indian Ocean had not done, scientists from the USSR did shortly after. After your first exam they sacrificed to perform an autopsy on them and study them in depth. The trip that had ended successfully. Zond 5 had been about 1,950 kilometers from the Moon and made a historic circumlunar journey. He also left impressive images for posterity. The Legacy of the Space Turtles The maneuvers of the Zond 5 mission generated excitement even outside Soviet borders. At the Jodrell Bank Observatory in Manchester, the famous radio astronomer Sir Bernard Lovell He tracked the ship. The English center would set off alarms by intercepting a message with a human voice that had its origins in Soviet ingenuity. Had the USSR managed to make a trip around the Moon piloted by an astronaut? In reality, what they were listening to was a recording to test transmissions in space. Among the voices they heard in Manchester was in fact that of the veteran Russian cosmonaut Valeri Bykovsky. On the pages of the book Animals in SpaceColin Burgess and Chris Dubbs point out that the voice was … Read more

the incredible secrecy with which the first iPhone was manufactured

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What was it like working on the iPhone original? The question has surely been on the mind of every technology enthusiast: after all, we are talking about one of the greatest advances in technological consumption of the 21st century. And it is one that has an answer. It was given by Terry LambertApple engineer, a few years ago on Quora. Lambert was part of ‘Project Purple’, a top secret project in which it was only possible to work if one accepted not only endless days, but also an environment in which secrecy was absolute. So much so that Lambert had to sign a confidentiality agreement (NDA) not only to guarantee that he would not tell anything about that project: he signed it to be able to know the name of the key project. That was just the first of obsessive security measures who managed to protect that secret until the end. Lambert was responsible for about 6% (in number of lines) of the core code of OS The first thing he said is that when he was offered to work on that project, they took him to an area of ​​the headquarters where everyone dressed in black: that in itself was an unmistakable sign that something top secret was being worked on. Working blind, almost literally In fact, Lambert joked that if you wanted to create a cute Apple Halloween costume, all you had to do was put on a black sheet, cut out a couple of holes for the eyes, and go “secret project“. During that project he never saw the iPhone for which he was programming and debugging code: “I could only see the machine that did the remote debugging, not the actual device, but it was obviously a system based on ARM architecture.” After signing the NDA that allowed him to know the code name of the project – and of course he couldn’t discuss anything with anyone, including his family – he would end up working on something that he wasn’t even sure what it was, especially since Apple maintained completely independent groups in which they worked on small objectives that They did not allow us to know what they were working on on the whole. Another thing Apple does is give different code names for different groups. Or what is the same: you could be working on the same project as another person or group without knowing it. Neither debate it nor comment on it. Another engineer named Jerry Wang who also answered that question on Quora indicated how in fact he, who also worked on the documentation of that device and worked with the operators that launched the iPhone in the United States, did not know the project as ‘Project Purple’, but as ‘M68’. From that moment on he had access to a “secret laboratory” that was inside the main laboratory. Only a select few had access to that secret lab, but “you never got to see the design of the product, because when you’re doing that initial work, it’s all Plexiglas prototypes.” A curious detail: Lambert confessed how the cables used to “talk” to those pre-production units were, indeed, purple. In Xataka | In 2007, Steve Jobs went on stage with an iPhone that barely worked: he was saved by a script that did not allow even a detour Image | Xataka

Samsung’s new Galaxy Watch have an incredible promo promo so that the stretches as soon as possible

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Samsung’s new smart watches, Galaxy Watch8 and Galaxy Watch Ultra 2025 They launched on July 25 with a very juicy promotion, but now you can also find them in the Samsung’s official store With more than interesting discounts. To start, you can get them with a direct discount For the 50 euros watch8 modelwhile for the model Watch Ultra The discount is 70 eurosand both with the Duo Ultra -Graped Wireless Loader as a gift. In addition, you will also get a 30 -euro discount for the Watch8 and 50 euros for the Ultra Watch if you choose to pay with Bizum. You will also have an additional discount of the 29% if you buy with an extra strap. Leaving them at a much more interesting price. On the other hand, the brand has The Samsung option delivers and premieres, Where if you deliver your previous device, whatever brand, you can get an extra discount on your purchase. New galaxy watch8 and classic with improved functions He Galaxy Watch8 It has a ‘SquirCle’ design giving it a more elegant aspect, with a Super AMOLED screen with a maximum shine of 3,000 nitsan improvement with respect to the previous models. In addition, the panel is sapphire glass to protect it from daily inclement. Samsung has again bet on the processor Exynos W1000 3 Nm, present at the Classic model and at the Galaxy Watch Ultra. A very useful decision since with it we can open and close apps more fluidly. Another important characteristics is that They offer improved and precise measurements and functions both for training and health. It should also be noted that the three models are the first watches in Tenergy with Gemini’s integrated AIideal for using voice commands to ask for information or send a message among other things. In this case, The version is 40 millimeters with Bluetooth and 4g That is priced at 429.01 euros, but applying discounts you can find it for 379.99 euros. If we choose to pay with Bizum, you will have a discount of 30 euros, leaving its final price 349.99 eurosand if you make the purchase with an extra strap, you will have an additional discount of 29%. * Some price may have changed from the last review 2025’s ultra galaxy watch is one of the most powerful Samsung watches He Galaxy Watch Ultra It is one of Samsung’s most resistant smart watches, since it is manufactured with grade 4 titanium and sapphire crystal, its Construction is certified to withstand extreme conditions: 10 atm, IP68 and Mil-STD-810H (Hold 100 m immersion under water, has hermetic protection against dust and has an American military standard in durability). So, it is perfect for more extreme activities. It has one 1.47 inches AMOLED screen, with a maximum shine of 3,000 nits. In addition, it has the same process as the other models but with some unique functions, such as the emergency system of 85 dB. It is also able to endure extreme temperatures and up to 9,000 meters of altitude, and now you can find it in blue. The price of this model is 699 euros, but you can get it reduced by 629 euros. The device is only available with Bluetooth and 4g connectivity jointly, so you can enjoy a discount of 70 euros. In addition, if you choose bizum as a form of payment, you can save additional 50 euros, leaving its final price to 579 euros. And if you buy with an extra strap, you will have an additional discount of 29%. * Some price may have changed from the last review Some of the links of this article are affiliated and can report a benefit to Xataka. In case of non -availability, offers may vary. Images | Samsung In Xataka | The best smartwatch (2025): their analysis and videos are here In Xataka | The best price quality price. Your analysis and videos are here

We do not know if Bill Gates is the owner of this incredible supereyate for sale. What we do know is its price: 645 million dollars

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During the summer it is usual to see the richest 1% on the planet enjoy the sea and the sun aboard immense floating mansions in the form of supereyates that anchor near paradisiacal destinations such as Balearic coasts or the Caribbean islands. Bill Gates is not very given to boat walks, so It is not a regular of the covers of those supereyates. In fact, the founder of Microsoft has never recognized being the owner of one, as they have done Jeff Bezos, Mark ZuckerbergLarry Ellison and Even Amancio Ortega. However, that has not been an impediment to be attributed to the property of one of the most advanced and expensive supereies in the world: the Breakthroughthe first ecological supereate driven by a pile of hydrogen that now is put on sale for 645 million dollars. Bill Gates and a superyate that has never stepped on Since the Breakthrough He left the shipyard that manufacturer Feadship has near Amsterdam in October 2024, his name It has been linked To Bill Gates. That I tend into account that neither the millionaire nor the manufacturer have at any time confirmed his property, and the millionaire has never been seen walking through his covers, so there is no evidence that Bill Gates is really the owner of the owner of the Breakthrough. That said, it is easy to imagine the reason why it is linked to this floating palace with Microsoft’s founding millmillonarium. Its sale price less than a year ago was 645 million dollars, so the ship was limited to a few fortunes that could assume such cost, and its subsequent maintenance. On the other hand, Gates’s commitment to him Clean energy development and innovative projects could intuit that this innovative yacht could be one of the Sustainable initiatives of the tycoon. However, today, it is not possible to confirm that the Breakthrough Be one of Gates’ whims. Breakthrough The first driven by hydrogen Beyond its spectacular design and dimensions, the greatest challenge for Feadship was to develop the propulsion system of the Breakthrough. Instead of conventional diesel engineswho was known as PROJECT 821 It is based on a liquid hydrogen cell system stored at cryogenic temperatures below -253 degrees Celsius. This technology requires a lot of precision management and design to guarantee safety and efficiency due to high hydrogen volatility. The machine room stands out because, to accommodate the storage, conversion and hydrogen management systems, much more space is required than in conventional propulsion systems. The entire electrical system of the yacht, from the propulsion to the lighting and air conditioning of the ship, is feed on the electricity generated by this clean fuel, leaving water as the only residue. This type of system is a pioneer In the nautical sector and represents for many experts a real advance and a reference in terms of Innovation in maritime transportation. Jamie Edmiston, Executive Director of the Yates Management Company that has it for salehe said in a statement collectedby Fortune than the Breakthrough It is “the most extraordinary yacht ever built and the one that will change everything.” A floating palace in a sea of luxuries In addition to being the first to incorporate a quieter and more sustainable technology with the environment, the Breakthrough has not neglected the luxury and exuberance demanded by the users of this type of ships. This superyte It is 118.8 meters in length and 19 meters of manga (wide). It has 15 luxury cabins with capacity for up to 30 guests, and space to house the 44 crew that guarantee personalized attention 24 hours. According The published by Forbes Australiaamong its comforts are five covers on the flotation line and two more under it, communicated with an interior elevator that facilitates access. Another peculiarity is that from their helmet 14 balconies are displayed that leave a panoramic view from the cabins. The main cover on the bridge is basically an apartment with two bedrooms, two bathrooms, dressing rooms, private gym, pantry, two offices with chimney and living room. In addition, it is equipped with a complete hospital for medical emergencies, a library with selected collections, private cinema, pool and jacuzzi and fully equipped gym. The designers of the British Redman Whiteley Dixon study used a light neutral, marble, rattan, smoked eucalyptus wood and oak details to create a luxury atmosphere and exclusivity. All for the modest price of 645 million dollars. In Xataka | We already knew that superyates were floating mansions: that of Roman Abramovich is a fortress with antimile shield Image | Feadship, EdmininstonWikimedia Commons (Jennifer Jacquemart)

What Spacex has achieved with Starship is incredible. The only problem is that he has done it at the expense of the health of his employees

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Spacex has no paragon. The speed at which it assembles its rockets, the tests and itera in its design is far from the competition. But it comes with a hidden cost: a rate of injuries that multiplies by four of its rivals and reminds the security figures of 30 years ago. Context. Starbase is the Starship operations basethe place where the Aerospace Company of Elon Musk manufactures and proves the gigantic Rocket Starship with the ambition to launch thousands of ships to Mars in the coming decades. Although the program has achieved unthinkable technological feats, its frantic rhythm and its vertiginous deadlines are having a high human cost, especially if the risks assumed by Spacex are compared with the usual caution of the space industry. Six times more work accidents. Official data analyzed by Techcrunch They reveal that Starbase suffers six times more occupational accidents than the industry average, which makes it the rocket factory with the highest risk of injury in the United States. The Spacex headquarters registered a rate of injuries that multiplies by four of its rivals and resembles the figures of 30 years ago, when the security protocols were more lax. The figures are public. They leave The database of the United States Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA) and use a standardized metric: the total rate of registrable incidents (TRIR), which calculates the number of injuries in one year per 100 full -time workers. Are public data that Spacex is obliged to report. And they are overwhelming. Starbase’s trir in 2023 was 5.9. That is, for every 100 employees, there were almost six recordable injuries. In comparison, the average of the space vehicle manufacturing sector was 0.7. And the average of the entire space sector was 1.6. A 30 -year setback. Although Starbase’s trir improved 4.27 in 2024, it is still a fact comparable to that of the sector 30 years ago. In 1994, the average trir was 4.2. In Starbase, with 2,690 employees in 2024, more than four injuries per 100 employees was 3,558 days of work with restrictions and 656 days of low labor. Anomalous even within Spacex. Starbase is not only a black point compared to the rest of the industry, but also within Spacex itself. None of the company’s facilities approaches the figures in southeastern Texas, with the exception of risky rocket recovery operations on the high seas (with a 7.6 trir). While Starbase registered 4.27 in 2024, the Falcon rocket factory in Hawthorne (California) recorded 1.43. A figure closer to that of competitors such as Blue Origin (a 1.09 in its Florida factory) or United Launch Alliance (1.12 in his Alabama factory). On the other hand, Starlink Terminal Factory in Bastrop registered 3.49, the Redmond satellit factory registered 2.89, the McGregor engines factory recorded a 2.48. Move fast and break things. Elon Musk’s philosophy works when applied to rockets, but squeaks when applied to the safety of his workers. What does Musk say? That the traditional media lie. Or at least that said when Reuters published that Spacex had not declared injuries that included amputations, crushed members and a death For a burst of wind that launched a worker from a truck. What does NASA say? NASA contracts with Spacex They include specific clauses that would allow the agency to intervene in case of a “serious security violation”, as a “repeated” sanction by the OSHA. The high trir rate, alone, is not enough to activate these clauses. Image | Spacex In Xataka | Starbase residents voted to be the city of Spacex. Now a letter has reached the right to their property

Within the most advanced chips manufacturing machines there is something incredible: small supernovae

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Identifying a Supernova is an event that astronomers usually celebrate with enthusiasm. And it is not for less if we consider that they are One of the most violent events with which we can run into the cosmos. Knowing them better is very important because it can help us understand more precision How are the latest stages of The life of mass starsand also the mechanisms that explain how the material caused by stellar synthesis can lead to new star systems. The mathematical tools handled by astrophysics current nuclear fusion that take place in the nucleus of mass stars. During the stage known as the main sequence, stars obtain their energy from the fusion of hydrogen nuclei. As this chemical element is consumed, the star begins to produce helium nuclei, and, of course, its composition begins to evolve. During this process a huge amount of energy is released and the star is forced to continuously readjust to maintain hydrostatic balance, a phenomenon that is the result of the coexistence of two opposite forces capable of compensating. One of them is the gravitational contraction, which compresses the subject of the star, pressing it without rest. And the other is the radiation and gase pressure, which is the fruit of the ignition of the nuclear oven and tries to expand the star. The small supernovae of the extreme ultraviolet lithography equipment As we have anticipated from the holder, this article does not go only from Supernovas; It is also starred by the semiconductors. A priori we can intuit that these cosmic events and integrated circuits have nothing to do, but, curiously, they do have something in common. This is the reason why I found a good idea to start this text reviewing what a supernova is and why they occur. Otherwise we could not understand in all its extension the idea in which we are about to investigate. The ultraviolet radiation generation process used by UVE lithography equipment is very similar to what happens during a Supernova In the teams of extreme ultraviolet lithography (UVE) that manufactures the Dutch company ASML, high power lasers instantly heat tens of thousands of tiny tin drops in a single second until they reach a temperature of half a million Celsius degrees. This interaction produces An extremely hot plasma that emits ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 13.5 nm. This light must later be transported to the wafer thanks to a very precise mirrors and lenses system with the purpose of capturing the patterns that define the integrated circuits on a layer of photorers. Very broadly this is the strategy used by the most advanced semiconductor manufacturing machines that currently exist. And, as we have just seen, high -power lasers interpret an unquestionably protagonist role. As Jays Stewart, Chief of Research at ASML, explains in the very interesting article he has published in IEEE Spectrumthe ultraviolet radiation generation process used by UVE lithography equipment to produce avant -garde chips is very similar to what happens during a supernova. When a massive star exhausts its fuel and stops nuclear fusion processes, radiation pressure and gases is no longer able to counteract gravitational contraction. This phenomenon causes the star iron core It suddenly contracts under the enormous pressure that all layers of material that it has above. The star has lost the hydrostatic balance. At this moment all this matter loses the support that the nucleus exercised, which is now much more compact, and falls on it with enormous speed. When all that star material touches the surface of the nucleus there is a rebound effect that causes it to be fired with a huge energy towards the stellar medium, being disseminated. A supernova has just been produced. Some of them are so energetic that for a few seconds they emit more light than the entire galaxy that contains them. The tiny explosions that take place inside the UVE lithography equipment when a laser affects a tin drop produce a shock wave similar to that originating in the stellar medium, although much smaller scale. Surprisingly the mathematical equations that describe the evolution of these two types of explosions are the same. ASML engineers use them to calculate very precisely how the evolution of the shock wave that triggers plasma balls within the UVE equipment will be. And astrophysicians use them to describe the remains of the supernovas and deduce the properties of the star explosion that originated them. A Supernova has 10⁴⁵ times more energy That an explosion of tin, but thanks to this parallel, ASML engineers have been able to solve the complex problem derived from tin residues inside their most advanced lithography equipment. Image | ASML More information | IEEE Spectrum In Xataka | ‘Focus: The Asml Way’: The book that reveals the secrets of the most powerful European company in the chips industry

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