The obsession with Mars disappears and the priority is now a “self-sustaining city” on the Moon

For nearly two decades, SpaceX’s mantra has been unequivocal: colonize Mars. The red planet was not just a destination, it was the reason for being of the company and one of the clearest objectives in Elon Musk’s mind. But this has completely changed, since Musk himself has confirmed what had been rumored among investors: priorities have changed to focus on something simpler. A new city. SpaceX has put the handbrake on immediate Martian colonization to focus all its efforts on a closer and more pragmatic objective: building a “self-sustaining city” on the Moon in less than 10 years. And the reason is not just economic, it is a question of pure and simple orbital physics. The window problem. The change of focus, as explained by Elon Musk himselfresponds to the need for quick results. In the case of aerospace engineering, the speed of development depends on how many times you can test, fail, and test again. And this is where Mars is a real logistical nightmare. As detailed, to travel to Mars efficiently you have to wait for the orbital alignment of the planets to occur, which happens once every 26 months. Something to which we must add a trip of approximately six months, so it is not easy to have missions in a row, but rather they would have to be spaced almost three years apart. The windows of the Moon. While Mars needs a large amount of time to deliver results, the Moon is much easier, since Elon Musk himself recognizes that the launch window is constant. Specifically, every 10 days approximately A new mission can be launched that has a travel time of just a few days. Musk summarizes it with industrial logic: the Moon allows us to iterate much faster. If the goal is to secure the future of civilization with a colony outside Earth, the lunar path is the fast track. A lunar city. The goal is not to put a flag back on the lunar surface, but to establish a city that is capable of growing on its own autonomously. According to ABC Newsthe plan involves prioritizing lunar missions with a possible first unmanned lunar landing around 2027, with a view to having that permanent presence in less than a decade. This finally aligns Musk’s personal interests with government contracts. Let’s not forget that SpaceX has a multi-million dollar contract with NASA to the Artemis programwhere the Starship HLS will be the vehicle in charge of lowering the astronauts to the lunar surface. By making the Moon SpaceX’s “civilization” priority, Musk ensures that the development of its giant rocket serves both its customers (NASA) and its new private roadmap. Among investors. Like any good company of this type, behind it is a large number of people who must be accountable and, above all, offer immediate benefits. In this case, SpaceX formally notified its investors last Friday about this change of course: unmanned missions to Mars, initially planned for the end of 2026, are postponed indefinitely. For Wall Street and the big funds, this turnaround is music to their ears for two key reasons. The first of them is that the Moon offers a modelable revenue narrative and deadlines that depend on signed contracts, as is the case with Artemis and NASA. The second is that investors need security so that they continue investing money in the company. In this case, this change of course protects the company’s astronomical valuationwhich seeks to consolidate itself in the billion-dollar club after the boost of xAIeliminating the immediate risk of a failed mission to Mars. What about Mars? This decision does not mean goodbye to the original dream of the company and of Musk himself, but rather it is a reality check. For now, Musk maintains the goal of trying to build a city on Mars within 5 to 7 years, but the narrative has changed: Mars is no longer the first critical step, but the second. In this way, the Moon will serve as a testing ground, a spaceport and, above all, as the place where humanity will learn to live outside of Earth without having to wait two years for supplies if something goes wrong. Images | SpaceX In Xataka | SpaceX is known for its rockets. What is less known is its growing and striking fleet of aircraft

What is relevant is how Sony has gotten here

92 million PS5 sent to stores. The console sales race is something that matters more to shareholders than to users, but it is still a good thermometer of the state of the video game industry. Nintendo was the first to reveal its cards: 155.37 million Switches marketed until December 2025. It is only below the historic PS2. And, since we’re talking about Sony, in its latest report They have reported those 92 million PS5 units shipped. It’s quite an achievement. Especially because of how they have reached that figure which, to contextualize, makes the PS5 the eighth best-selling console in history. First crisis. Things didn’t start well for Sony’s home console. Not for Xbox either, but here Microsoft has been extremely opaque with its units sold for two generations. The two consoles arrived in December 2020, with COVID looming at the doors, games at 80 euros and a historic semiconductor crisis. Not like the current one, with components at stratospheric prices due to the rise of AI: In 2020 and 2021, there were no chips. The PS5 reached 499.99 euros in its version with reader and 399.99 in its digital version at an extremely delicate moment because stock ran out as soon as it went on sale. This caused a boom in the sale of consoles. second hand at exorbitant pricesand the situation remained for much of 2022. When the situation began to ease, the company itself pointed out that had been able to produce fewer consoles than I had planned. Second crisis. In the end, by mid-to-late 2022, things went smoothly. The chip crisis is over, the price rise(s) crisis began. Until this generation, we were used to the fact that, as the life cycle progressed, the consoles were dropping in price and improving performance. They became smaller, quieter and cheaper because the components could be miniaturized and the costs had been amortized. It was a win-win: it was cheaper for the company to produce it, they lowered the price and could get a better margin and market presence. But in August 2025, PS5 went up in price. The version with reader went from 499.99 euros to 549.99 euros and the digital version from 399.99 euros to 449.99 euros. They sold it as the fruit of “the lofty global inflation rates“and the “adverse monetary trends”. It was not the only time: in mid-2025, they rose again. In this case, only the digital one, another 50 euros to reach 499.99 euros. Xbox has not been immune to this and it is the first time that lConsoles are cheaper when they come out than when they have been on the market for five years. Competence. Now, whether the PS5 has been rising in price and has continued to sell depends on several factors. A very important one is that it has no competition at the table. At least, not as it was in the seventh generation – that of PS3 and Xbox 360-. The disastrous presentation of Xbox One at E3 2013 It caused Sony to win, on the street, the eighth generation with its PS4, and that trend has continued over the years. Xbox has been launching everything on PC for years, now also on PS5 and, although Sony is also in that boat, it does not launch. That is, a ‘The Last of Us 2‘doesn’t come out on the same day on PS5 and PC. Now, the PC. Different reputable voices within the industry suggest that the PC, increasingly, it is the platform of the future. It is no longer just the price advantage of digital stores like GOG or Steam, but the catalog itself, the result of Sony and Microsoft launching their console games on PC. If “everything” is going to be on PC, the PC becomes the most interesting platform. Well, that’s the theory, since There is the market for RAM and SSDs to build a PC. But you can always buy the game and play at the highest quality with services like GeForce Now. Time. Mobile phones are also competition, with games that are increasingly cutting edge visually and with mechanics that hijack our time. And there is another key in the competition: PS5 does not compete only against Xbox, Switch 2 or the PC: compete against YouTube, Instagram, TikTok or Netflix. Different voices in the entertainment industry have pointed out that they are no longer competing against their rivals in the same segment, but against anything that consumes our time. Have a limited capacity for leisure, and everyone wants to get our attention those daily minutes that we are not working, eating, sleeping or, hopefully, socializing. lazy generation. It may be one of the most complicated generations in history for console manufacturers, and added to all this, there is another factor that makes those 92 million PS5 sold even more notable: the catalog. video games They are increasingly expensive to produce and they are taking longer and longer to hit the market. These very long development cycles mean that big releases take years to come out, and that causes a lack of big titles that justify the purchase of a console. ‘GTA VI’ is an example. It has been in development for almost a decade and we will find out how much it has cost, but it is not the only one. The parents of ‘uncharted‘ either ‘The Last of Us‘They have not released any exclusive games for PS5 this generation and, speaking of exclusives, because the PS4 continued to have a brutal implementation in the market, Sony has continued to release games on both PS5 and PS4. For a handful of exclusives, a user might not see the point in making the leap to the new generation when Sony was still releasing games for its 2013 PS4. Shielding yourself before GTA VI. Taking all this into account, and as we say, it is an achievement that Sony has managed to place 92 million consoles on the market up to this point. In the … Read more

what is this European alternative to X and Threads, what it is not, and all the information

We are going to tell you what exactly W Social is, the European social network project that aims to compete with X and Threads. It is not a social network that is going to start from scratch, but rather it will join an open protocol of another existing network, but from European servers. At the moment, W is just a project announced at the Davos forum, but it is not yet open to the public. Of course, we already have a few important data about it that allow us to know what it will be like. Even so, we will update this article as we know more and as the opening date arrives. What is W Social W Social is a project to create a European social network of micromessages. So that you understand, it is like seeking to create an alternative to the old Twitter, and to current networks such as Threads or X, both American. W Social is not a closed and completely independent social network, but rather it is like a European instance of Bluesky. Therefore, will be based on Bluesky and in the AT Protocol. If you are in, remember that you can follow us on this social network in the account xataka.bsky.social. Think of this as two networks that speak the same language and they are interconnected with each othersomething similar to the instances of Mastodonbut with another technology. You will be able to access Bluesky accounts and read posts and all content, and users of this network will also be able to follow you. Bluesky has more than 42 million users, although there is no figure for how many of them are active. In any case, this will mean that W Social will join forces with this alternative network, so it will not start from scratch and its users will not have to deal with an empty timeline. One of the things that W Social has confirmed to us is that we will be able to completely migrate our existing Bluesky account. Its objective is for us to be able to migrate all our content, comments, interactions, followers and followers, and all other information. But they have not yet clarified the steps, although they assure that they will explain the step by step when this function is available. Finally, say that W Social wants as its fundamental objectives to be a network based on verified humans, transparency, privacy and freedom of expression. All this, they say, believing that we need a global and reliable social network, and one that is managed, hosted and owned in Europe, with all the benefits that this entails for privacy due to the strictest European regulations in this regard. What W Social is NOT W Social It is not a social network created by the European Unionbut by a European company. Yes, a company like Meta or X, but based in the EU and with our rules. This also means that It is not a decentralized or open network like those that are part of the Mastodon ecosystem. It will be a network belonging to a company, which will be the one that makes the decisions. Come on, just like Instagram, Facebook, Threads or X. Main features One of the main characteristics of Bluesky is that it is a social network where You can decide or create the algorithms. By default you only see the content of the people you follow, but you can add your own custom algorithms, whether themed, by language, whatever you want. Although it is still too early to know if W Social will inherit this unique and beneficial function. But the characteristic that will make W Social different is that Your users must have a verified identity. You will have to send your ID and your account will be linked to your identity. This measure has something positive as a clear way to end trolls and online abuse and threatssince the user can be identified to expel him or his actions have criminal consequences just as in life outside the Internet. This will promote a less toxic environment and no bots or fake profiles. All accounts will be real, although this does not mean that you will show your first and last name, because you will be able to choose a username that you want. But this also has a dangerous sidesince there is a danger that this verification turns into surveillance of users, something that would endanger activists and other types of legitimate resistance. We will have to wait to see how they achieve this balance. The other fundamental pillar of W Social will be moderation. Just as X is a free space, but quite wild and where abuses and misinformation run without any type of effective moderation, W Social will be a more controlled network with clear rulessuch as not being able to insult, avoid coordinated campaigns or the creation of permanent noise. Moderation is always a delicate topic, although the platform promises neutrality. We will have to wait to see how they carry out these tasks, how much is done by algorithm and how much is done by people. Moderation is important for creating a healthy digital environment, but it can also be dangerous. How to register on W Social W Social has not yet opened its doors, although You can now sign up for a waiting list. In it, you will have to add your email, and optionally you can add the username you want to use, your country of residence and your Bluesky or LinkedIn profiles. It is expected that W Social beta phase starts in March 2026which will be when the first users start receiving invitations.

The US recorded something strange underground and didn’t know what it was. Now he has just accused China of pressing the nuclear button

During the Cold War, even at times of greatest nuclear tension, Washington and Moscow maintained an unwritten rule: If a test was done, the world had to find out. The explosions were political signals as much as military experiments, designed to be seen, measured and, of course, feared. Therefore, talking about detonations so small that they barely leave a seismic trace and about tests designed not to be detected, generates great concern. The United States just accused China exactly that. An unprecedented accusation. It happened last Friday, when the United States denounced China for having carried out at least a nuclear test with explosive performance in 2020 and to prepare for other low-power ones, a complaint made in Geneva through by Undersecretary Thomas DiNanno just as the classical arms control framework is collapsing after the New START expiration. According to Washington, Beijing would have resorted to decoupling techniques to dampen seismic signals and hide underground detonations, an accusation of enormous political significance because it breaks the previous ambiguity and indicates for the first time a specific date, the June 22, 2020in the midst of debate over whether the United States should recover the option of testing nuclear weapons again. The diffuse limit. The technical and legal background is key to understanding the controversy, since both China and the United States have signed, but not ratified the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treatyallowing subcritical testing no self-sustaining nuclear reaction but prohibits any explosion with measurable output. Washington maintains that Beijing would have crossed that line with evidence very low powerdifficult to detect, while the body in charge of verification, the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Organization, ensures that its network did not detect no event compatible with a nuclear explosion that day, thus underlining the fragility of a control system that never came into full force. Lop Nur, satellites and silent expansion. It we have counted other times. American suspicions are also supported by satellite images and intelligence analysis that point to intense activity in the historic Lop Nur polygonwith new excavations, tunnels and drilling that could be used for both subcritical tests and higher performance detonations. This movement fits with the rapid expansion of the Chinese arsenal, which would already exceed the 600 nuclear warheads and could reach a thousand before 2030reinforcing the perception in Washington that the real strategic challenge is no longer Moscow but a Beijing with the capacity and will to challenge US military primacy. A new nuclear race scenario. The Washington complaint comes accompanied by a clear political message: without binding limits, transparency or verification mechanisms that include China, the system inherited from the Cold War ceases to serve, and the United States reserves the right to adopt “parallel steps”including the resumption of testing, if it considers that other actors are breaking the rules. Beijing strongly rejects accusations, claims its moratorium and its doctrine of no first use, but the simple verbal clash shows a change of phase, one with the risk that the end of New START and mutual distrust open the door to a new nuclear race in which small, almost invisible explosions can have enormous strategic consequences. Image | CCTV In Xataka | Nuclear fusion is humanity’s great utopia in the short term: China has already set a date for it In Xataka | China is building something that looks like an oil well. It is actually a nuclear bunker with a command center

There are TVs for 90 euros, consoles, mobile phones and much more

AliExpress returns with more offers on technology. Now we have a new promo active (called Valentine’s Day) and, as usual, discounts abound on phones, consoles and other devices. Yes indeed, the key is again in the discount couponssince thanks to them we can save much more on our purchases. These are the ones we have available right now: Discount minimum purchase coupon 1 2 euros 15 euros ESPP02 4 euros 29 euros ESPP04 6 euros 49 euros ESPP06 10 euros 79 euros ESPP10 20 euros 159 euros ESPP20 30 euros 249 euros ESPP30 45 euros 369 euros ESPP45 This AliExpress promo will be available until next Saturday February 14although it is quite likely that the coupons will not last until then (nor will the stock of the best offers). There is a lot to choose from, but we have made a list of five that we found very interesting: nintendo switch 2 by 385.31 euros with the coupon ESPP45, a great price for this pack that includes ‘Mario Kart World’. Apple iPhone 17 by 866.80 euros with the coupon ESPP45, a very good price for the best base iPhone in years. PlayStation 5 by 395.86 euros with the coupon ESPP45, less than 400 euros for the version with reader of the Sony console. Realme GT 7 Pro by 478.65 euros with the coupon ESPP45, a mobile phone with autonomy for three days. Xiaomi TV A by 90.74 euros with the coupon ESPP10, a very interesting option for the kitchen or bedroom. nintendo switch 2 If you usually pay attention to AliExpress promos, you will have noticed that nintendo switch 2 It is usually one of the most demanded and recurring devices. On this occasion, we find this one with one of the best prices we have seen in recent times: it costs 385.31 euros with the coupon ESPP45 and comes with the great game that is ‘Mario Kart World‘. Nintendo Switch 2 + ‘Mario Kart World’ The price could vary. We earn commission from these links Apple iPhone 17 It is not so common to find Apple devices at a good price on AliExpress, but we have an exception with this one iPhone 17. It is the best base phone the company has made in years, one that stands out for offering a good 6.3-inch screen as usual (this time, with 120 Hz), notable performance and a good dual camera system. Taking into account that we have barely seen it on sale in recent weeks, watch out for its discount in this Valentine’s Day promo: it comes out for 866.80 euros with coupon ESPP45. The price could vary. We earn commission from these links PlayStation 5 If before we talked about Nintendo Switch 2, now it’s time to do it PlayStation 5. As a general rule, we almost always see the Digital model (that is, without a reader) with the greatest discount, but AliExpress goes all out: we can get its version with a reader for 395.86 euros with coupon ESPP45. A great price for a console that still has power for a while. The price could vary. We earn commission from these links Realme GT 7 Pro Now that silicon-carbon batteries are increasingly common, we are seeing mobile phones with an autonomy that was unthinkable years ago. That’s where he comes in Realme GT 7 Proa truly high-end device whose autonomy lasts three days. Obviously, it is not the only good thing that this mobile has: it has a great processor, a good 6.78-inch screen and a triple rear camera system that, although it is not the best there is, performs at a high level. The phone costs 478.65 euros with coupon ESPP45. The price could vary. We earn commission from these links Xiaomi TV A Not everyone wants a huge or very expensive TV. There are times when we look for something small and very economical, ideal for rooms like a bedroom or a kitchen. This Xiaomi TV is ideal for these scenarios for several reasons: it has 32 inches, a Google operating system and an integrated Chromecast, so we can send content from our mobile phone. Its price is also very attractive: it costs 90.74 euros with the coupon ESPP10. It is true that it has Full HD resolution, but it is a factor that does not influence as much as it is a few-inch TV. The price could vary. We earn commission from these links Some of the links in this article are affiliated and may provide a benefit to Xataka. In case of non-availability, offers may vary. Images | Ricardo AguilarNintendo, Apple, Sony, Realme, Xiaomi In Xataka | The best mobile phones, we have tested them and here are their analyzes In Xataka | The best quality-price mobiles. Their analyzes and videos are here

OpenClaw is the most viral, fascinating and dangerous AI of the moment. For this last reason, it has joined forces with VirusTotal from Malaga

In 2025 we had a ‘DeepSeek moment’ and in 2026 we are having an ‘OpenClaw moment’. This AI agent is super powerful, but also super insecure. There is, however, good news, because the Malaga company VirusTotal has partnered with the OpenClaw project to try to mitigate one of the most important cybersecurity risks of this AI agent: its skills. what has happened. OpenClaw (formerly Moltbot, and before Clawdbot) has announced that it has begun a collaboration with the Malaga cybersecurity company VirusTotal, owned by Google. The agreement will see VirusTotal be in charge of “scanning” and analyzing the so-called “skills”, which work like OpenClaw plugins and add all kinds of functions. They do it, of course, but many take the opportunity to introduce malicious instructions that allow them to steal data and remotely operate other people’s AI agents. More security for disturbing AI. Peter Steinberger, creator of the project, has joined Jamieson O’Reilly, cybersecurity expert and founder of the company Dvulnand Bernardo Quintero, founder of VirusTotal, to offer that “additional layer of security for the OpenClaw community.” In it official announcement explain that “all the skills published in ClawdHub (the project’s official skills “store”) are now scanned through Virus Total’s Threat Intelligence system, including its new capability Code Insight (code inspection)”. Bernardo Quintero indicated on Twitter how the effort has already allowed 1,700 skillls to be identified as malicious. If the skill is malicious, it is blocked. This analysis carried out with the VirusTotal tools allows us to identify skills as malicious and block them immediately so that they cannot be downloaded. Not only that: those skills that have been classified as benign are analyzed again every day to detect scenarios in which for some reason they could end up becoming malicious. Still, be careful. Those responsible for OpenClaw warn: the VirusTotal scan helps a lot, but it is not a total guarantee that any skill can perform malicious actions on the machine on which we have our AI agent installed. The attacks of prompt injection Sophisticated skills can manage to cross that barrier, but of course this collaboration means that OpenClaw users can be much calmer regarding the skills available in the ClawdHub repository. OpenClaw wants to be much more secure. This first effort joins OpenClaw’s ambition to have a complete cybersecurity model which includes things like a public roadmap for your new developments in this area, a formal communication process, and details about full audits of your code. Plugging a problem that could kill OpenClaw. The OpenClaw project soon went viral due to its eye-catching options, but shortly after doing so a security audit initial 2,851 skills detected 341 malicious skills. Companies like BitDefender also joined these efforts to avoid problems with tools like AI Skills Checker to check whether a skill was dangerous or not. These malicious skills were, for example, capable of executing shell commands on the victim machine, which gave the attacker complete control of those resources. Attacking the machine is confusing it with natural language. Normally cybersecurity attacks are complex, but the problem with AI agents is that they work with natural language. This implies that to infiltrate these systems you do not have to use code, but simply “convince” and “trick” the AI ​​with natural language. That is where prompt injection attacks come in, which consist of giving instructions to those AI agents that can confuse them to obtain something that theoretically they should not allow them to obtain. Personal data, API keys of the models we use at OpenClaw, email accounts and passwords for all types of services… the possibilities are endless, and OpenClaw, which has access to all of this to operate autonomously, can end up being “tricked” into transferring said data. Beware of OpenClaw. These problems now seem a little less feasible thanks to the collaboration with VirusTotal, but those who are trying OpenClaw on their machines or any other platform should be very alert from the beginning. There are guides that help you install it with some barriers important security issues, and the project itself has a command (‘openclaw security audit –deep –fix’ to audit the most important problems and address them. In Xataka | OpenAI has a problem: Anthropic is succeeding right where the most money is at stake

AI saves us time but takes away the story

A few days ago I surprised myself doing something that five years ago would have seemed sacrilege. I had in front of me one of those reports that you save to read on Sunday morning. 5,000 words, a prestigious signature and a great design. A text of those who ask for calm. And when I didn’t even have two sentences, I instinctively looked for the ‘summary’ button that now crown my browser. Nine lines. That was the whole summary. It was not for lack of interest, it was rather for that modern urgency that whispers to us that spending twenty minutes on a single idea is an inefficient thing. After a quarter of an hour I remembered almost nothing of those nine lines. I had the information, but I didn’t have the knowledge. We are turning reading into an administrative procedure. What started as a survival tool to deal with the deluge of work emails or some long-winded Reddit threads has colonized our capacity for wonder. In 2026, AI not only helps us write, it also is teaching us not to read. Or even worse: it is convincing us that the path is a hindrance to reaching the destination. It is the definitive victory of the TLDR about curiosity. The problem with outsourcing digestion is that we start from a false premise: that the substance of things is the only thing that matters. But in culture, information or in a simple conversation, substance is sometimes the least important thing. Ask an AI to summarize Don Quixote for you and it will tell you that it’s like a man from La Mancha who has read too much and confuses windmills with giants. You have the information, but you have not heard the conversations with Sancho on the roads. You have not felt the bitterness on the beach in Barcelona nor the lucidity of someone who regains their sanity to realize that the world, without its madness, is a gray place. Technology, in its efforts to eliminate friction (paradoxically, being the one who has blocked our notifications) is taking away the fabric of our experience. Silences and nuances are what fixes memory. The horny thing is What are we using that time for that we supposedly save by not reading?r. It is not to think deeply or to walk around without a cell phone and hit the coconut, but to consume even more summaries. It’s a loop infinity (pun intended) empty efficiency. We optimize the consumption of information to be able to ingest more information, which in turn we summarize in the next scroll. Thus we become archivists of a life that we did not get to witness. We save, synthesize and archive, but we do not inhabit anything. We are reaching a phase in which the true status, the intellectual luxury of our era, is not to be very smart or to be up to date with everything thanks to our AI agent, but in be able to sustain attention. Prestige belongs to those who can afford the extravagance of reading a text from beginning to end, of listening to a podcast without skipping the silences or set it to 1.75x. Or finishing watching a movie without having used your cell phone for two hours. Efficiency is a great metric for an assembly line or an AWS server, but If we let it guide the leisure of a human life, we are making ourselves a little miserable. We start by optimizing each minute to end up leaving everything in a list of three key points. Or in a nine-line summary. But life cannot be summarized. In Xataka | There is a generation working for free as a documentarian of their own life: they are not influencers but they act as if they were Featured image | Xataka

today it continues to dominate Sri Lanka

We live surrounded by increasingly modern cities, connected by transport networks, technology and services that seem to completely define our time. However, in different corners of the planet there persist material traces of ancient societies that built works destined to last long further than those who built them, reminding us that the human ambition to transcend is not an exclusive feature of the present. Some of these structures remain part of the everyday landscape thousands of years later, silent but imposing. One of them stands on Anuradhapura and, despite its extraordinary scale, it remains little known outside its immediate surroundings. In the central north of the island is the first major capital of the territory and one of the most sacred places of Buddhism, where religious practice continues to develop with a continuity unusual in the contemporary world. On full moon days, pilgrims dressed in white walk barefoot along dusty paths while monks sing chants at dawn and foreign visitors join in rituals that have been celebrated in this same environment for centuries. Jetavanaramaya, the brick dome that defied time The construction that dominates this complex is called Jetavanaramaya and its scale is difficult to assimilate without dwelling on the figures. The stupa was completed around the year 301 ec using some 93.3 million bricks of baked clay and reached around 122 meters high, one of the highest heights in the ancient world. Due to its size, when it was completed it was ranked as the third largest construction made by humans, only behind the pyramids of giza. That material ambition alone sums up the magnitude of the project. The current appearance of Jetavanaramaya is also the result of a long history of deterioration and recovery. After progressive collapses and stages of abandonment, the stupa today reaches nearly 71 meters in height, far from the image it projected in its origin. Despite this reduction, its volume maintains it as the largest known brick construction, a scale so extreme that, according to a comparison collected in historical sourcesits bricks would be enough to build a wall about 30 centimeters thick and nearly three meters high between London and Edinburgh. The fact that it was covered by vegetation for centuries contributed to this feat of ancient engineering remaining relatively ignored outside the region. Beyond its architectural dimension, the stupa was part of a complex religious organization that articulated the monastic life of the environment. The complex, called Jetavana Vihara, was designed to accommodate a large community of monks and situate spiritual practice around the permanent presence of the main construction, visible from any point in the complex. The choice of brick as the main material completely conditioned the logistics of the project. Unlike the pyramids of Giza, built in stone, this stupa required preparing, transporting and assembling millions of pieces that were more vulnerable to erosion. Remains of ancient ovens found in the region confirm massive productionalthough without a conclusive attribution to the work or a secure dating to the beginning of the 4th century. The mobilization of labor necessary to complete construction remains one of the least clear aspects of the historical record. Part of the mystery surrounding the stupa comes from what has been found inside. They were found of reliquary chests placed on various construction levels, an arrangement that confirms their function as a container of religious meaning in addition to technical prowess. Next to them appeared gold panels with representations of bodhisattvastoday preserved in the Colombo National Museum. This set of findings provides material evidence of diverse doctrinal currents and suggests that the enclave participated in cultural networks connected with India and other regions around the Indian Ocean. Perhaps the most striking thing is not only that a structure of these dimensions has survived for more than 1,700 years, but that for centuries no stupa of comparable scale was erected in the region. This fact places Jetavanaramaya as the culminating point of a construction tradition that later evolved towards other forms and proportions. Its current presence reminds us that societies long before modernity were already capable of coordinating work, technical knowledge and collective beliefs with extraordinary ambition. Images | erdbeernaut (CC BY-SA 2.0) | Wimukthi Bandara (CC BY-SA 4.0) | In Xataka | 50 years ago a German started a futuristic paradise in Lanzarote. Nobody imagined that it would end up being the most famous ruin on the island

defy the laws of gravity

There is no need to brush up on school time to know that rivers originate in the mountains and literally fall to the sea. Essentially gravity takes care of everything. This is how all the rivers on the planet work. What’s more, if you yourself spill a glass of water on the floor you could discover if there is an unevenness. But sometimes there is fine print and it can confuse what at first seems logical. What’s wrong with the Green River?. Without going any further, the green river in Colorado (United States) It has been making the scientific community think for 157 years because this river flows against all odds through the Uinta Mountains (Wyoming/Utah) instead of around them to flow into the Colorado River. A recent study has found the solution to this mystery by investigating the geodynamic mechanism that makes it possible. The Green River in Utah. Droid41, CC BY-SA 3.0 The context. To understand why it is essential to talk before those Uinta Mountainsa most unusual mountain range in that it runs from east to west, unlike most of the United States, for almost 250 kilometers. With peaks up to 4,000 meters high, it is also the highest of those arranged in this way. The bulk of the US mountain ranges follow a North-South orientation due to the tectonic forces between the pacific plates and the north american plate. The Uintas are the most prominent case of transverse structure and their origin is due to much older faults that were reactivated. More specifically, the Uinta were formed about 50 million years ago. The Green River, for its part, traced its current channel less than 8 million years ago where there is something that draws attention: a canyon that the river eroded in the middle of the mountain range of about 700 meters in length, the Canyon of Lodore. The tributaries of the Colorado. Shannon – Background and river course data from DEMIS Mapserver and The National Map, both public domain, CC BY-SA 4.0 Better to cross than to go around. Rivers flow according to gravity, yes, but also following the path that offers least resistance (in general). Following this basis of geology, it seems a priori surprising that the Green decided to traverse the mountain range instead of through it. The canyon is a mechanical paradox in an environment without active compressive tectonics, that of the Uinta. The study and the discovery. Rivers have memories, so by studying their current shape you can reconstruct what the terrain was like before. To do this, they used a mathematical model (a 2D topographic inversion of the river networks) that allowed them to reconstruct the ancient topography. Then they detected a rise in the terrain of about 450 meters in the center of the mountain range with a circular pattern. This particularity was validated with a seismic tomographya type of terrestrial ultrasound that allows you to see hundreds of kilometers below the ground, which revealed a lithospheric blob. What is a lithospheric drop? A dense mass of mountain root that breaks off and sinks into the deep mantle, acting as an internal engine that deformed the surface and allowed the Green River to pass through the mountain barrier. The lead author of the study, Adam Smithhe explained in a press release that “We believe we have gathered enough evidence to demonstrate that lithospheric trickling is responsible for pulling up the terrain enough to allow rivers to link and merge” thus establishing the permanent channel that remains today. Why is it important. Because this geological event united two of the largest river systems in North America, thus modifying the drainage of the continent, which also has its implications at the level of biodiversity, as it allowed different species to interbreed. On the other hand, it is the umpteenth reminder that the Earth’s interior continues to shape the landscape, sometimes abruptly, in areas that seem geologically dead. How it all happened. With the Stokes’s Law and fluvial response time, they estimated that this landslide occurred 2.3 to 4.7 million years ago. The model suggests that this drip first generated a topographic subsidence that allowed the Green River to surpass the barrier of the mountains and begin its incision. When that dense root was removed, the isostatic and dynamic uplift that we see today was generated. In a sentence: first the mountain crouched down to let the river pass and then it rose abruptly, forcing the river to cut through the rock to maintain its course. In Xataka | The US has a plan for its rivers: bombard them with 6,000 logs from helicopters to fix a decades-old mistake In Xataka | Finally we have salmon without an environmental footprint, without overfishing and without microplastics. It’s just not salmon Cover | mypubliclands, CC BY 2.0 via Wikimedia

Thousands of people change their clothes right after work. Neuroscience has something to say: they are right

The sound is almost universal: the jingling of keys in the entryway, immediately followed by the sound of a zipper being lowered, a button being released, or a bra being unclasped. For millions of people, the day doesn’t end when they clock in at the office or close their laptop, but rather the moment they take off their stiff jeans, suit or uniform and slip into something soft. That sigh of relief is not just physical; It is the acoustic signal that the brain has just changed gears. The Scandinavians, experts in naming the intangible, are clear about it. In fact, the Danes use the term Hyggebukser to define those pants that you would never wear to go out, but that are so comfortable that, secretly, they are your favorites. But this goes beyond a Nordic trend. Meik Wiking, director of the Happiness Research Institute, explains in his book Hygge Home that the objective of this clothing is to offer “a break for your responsible, stressed and compliant adult self.” It’s about creating a sensation soft that prompts the brain to feel safe, allowing us to “experience the happiness of simple pleasures knowing there is nothing to worry about.” To understand why this gesture has become vital, we must first understand what we have lost. Historically, work and home clothes were not so differentiated until the arrival of the Industrial Revolution, which standardized indoor work spaces. However, in the modern era, the line has become dangerously blurred. As journalist Amanda Mull points outwe are experiencing a “leak” (seepage) from work to home. Before, taking off the uniform guaranteed mental freedom. Now, “many people wear the same jeans they wore to work to cook dinner, with their cell phones and laptops never too far away,” which prevents the mind and body from truly disconnecting from productive work. This phenomenon worsened after the pandemic. Five years after the health crisis, the fashion sector is still “knocked out”, as they point out in Herald. The consumer has changed his priorities: he prefers to invest in experiences rather than formal clothing, and the rise of teleworking has reduced the need for complex wardrobes. According to Eduardo Zamácola, president of Acotex, in statements to the same medium: “People go to work with versatile, casual-style garments; the most dressed pieces have taken a backseat.” However, this permanent convenience comes at a price. Although teleworking has been shown to make us happier and allow us to sleep 27 minutes more on average, it also has brought new challenges to separate leisure and business times. The Science of “Clothing Cognition” This is where science validates intuition. Changing clothes is not a superficial matter; It is a cognitive tool. Researchers Hajo Adam and Adam D. Galinsky coined the term Enclothed Cognition (Apparel Cognition) to describe how clothing systematically influences the wearer’s psychological processes. In their famous experiment, they showed that subjects wearing a lab coat described as “doctor’s” increased their sustained attention compared to those wearing the same coat described as “painter’s.” The conclusion is fascinating: the effect depends on two simultaneous factors, “the physical experience of wearing the clothing and its symbolic meaning.” If we extrapolate it to the living room of our house, the logic holds: if your brain associates tracksuits or pajamas with “absolute rest”, putting them on will physiologically activate relaxation. But if you wear those same clothes to work, you break the symbolic association and the cognitive “spell” disappears. This connects directly to the theory of “Role Transitions.” Researchers Blake Ashforth and Glen Kreiner explain what we need “micro-transitions” or rites of passage to cross the boundaries between our different roles (from employee to parent, from boss to partner). Changing clothes acts as a physical and psychological boundary that facilitates this transition, preventing the stress of one role from contaminating the other. Ritual as anxiolytic From clinical psychology, the action of changing is understood as a direct message to our biology. “Clothing works as a direct message to the brain. Taking off your outer clothing (…) is a very clear way of telling your nervous system ‘you can slow down now,’” explains psychologist Marta Calderero to Vogue. It is pure contextual learning. Furthermore, the act itself has power. A study published in Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes confirms that the rituals —defined as predefined sequences of symbolic actions— are effective tools to regain a sense of control and reduce anxiety. Performing the ritual of changing clothes when you get home reduces uncertainty and prepares the individual for a different mental state. But be careful, comfort should not mean sloppiness. Style expert Anuschka Rees warns in his book The Curated Closet about the importance of identity at home. As he points out: “Not just any old cloth will do. Choosing clothes that also represent you when you are at home, not just when you go out or when they see you, is super important on an identity level.” Home clothes should be a “healing wardrobe”, lovingly chosen to generate real well-being. So for those working from home, the strategy must be even stricter. The psychologist Isabel Aranda warns that “The fact that you wear the same clothes all day transmits a flat rhythm and makes every day seem the same”, distorting our perception of time and affecting our biorhythms. The recommendation is even if you don’t go out, change. Wear one clothes to work and a different one to rest. “It’s a way of telling your body that you’re still active,” says Aranda. Interestingly, there is a counterpoint in the corporate world known as the “red shoe effect” (red-sneakers effect), where breaking the dress code (like Mark Zuckerberg with his sweatshirt) can denote status and power. However, in the privacy of the home, we do not seek power over others, but power over our own well-being. In an increasingly volatile and uncertain outside world, where fashion and work schedules have lost their rigid structure, home remains our refuge. Changing clothes when crossing the … Read more

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