Mobile Tech & Gadgets

India has been wanting to be the new China for years. The Iran war is putting it on a plate

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The iran war is demonstrating, once again, the fragility of globalization. Just look at this graph: Graphic: Xataka The price of a barrel of crude oil has rampaged because Iran is attacking refineries, the Strait of Hormuz through which 20% of the world’s crude oil passes It is abuzz and there is instability in the ‘oil well of the world’. Refineries are targetedbut also the new mine of the world economy: data centers. Iran has attacked data centers of Amazon in Saudi Arabia and Big Tech are setting their eyes on nearby countries where they can move. And what is very attentive is an India that has been pursuing an ambitious goal for years: to become the new China. They have been tempting big technology companies for years and with the narrative of being a safe and reliable country in which to manufacture. The war in Iran is now giving it another argument: kamikaze drones do not fall in its data centers. In short. Data centers have become critical infrastructure. They are from the moment you are investing in them. more than we invested to go to the Moonthe economy of some companies and countries is being linked to their success and, above all, they have been since the AI ​​fever has put the world of hardware in an alley. In war and love, anything goes (or so some apply), and this time we are seeing how they bomb schools, hotels and data centers. On March 1 and 2, Iran attacked with its drones two of the Amazon Web Services, or AWS, facilities in the United Arab Emirates and another center in Bahrain. This has forced the technology company to pause activity in those facilities, asking that companies that had services running on their servers migrate to those in other countries. Solutions. Latency plays a fundamental role in certain operations, so they must be servers that are relatively close to those that have been attacked. And that’s where they come into play both that Amazon has in India, specifically the one in Munbai and the one in Hyderabad. These are data centers from Amazon, yes, but the country has big plans to create an industrial fabric based on this type of infrastructure. At the beginning of last year we echoed a mega data center hard to believe. When most of the world’s large facilities remain below 1 GW of energy capacity, an Indian company wants to create a single data center with a capacity of 3 GW. If we return to the Amazon centers in northern Virginia, in the United States, we see that about 300 installations add up to a total of 2.5 GW. And now India wants one to only have 3 GW. And it wants to have it by 2027, a date as ambitious as its own dimensions. Rain of millions. It is estimated that such a facility would cost between 20,000 and 30,000 million dollars, but it is something that today’s India cares little about: they are burning money to attract industry and steal what they can from China. The country has been offering hundreds of millions of dollars to each technology company that wants to settle in its territory. It’s not just money. India is developingits market is growing and something important: young Chinese are increasingly more qualified and labor is getting more expensive. A cheaper workforce in India, added to government incentives, are two powerful arguments for some giants in the technology sector to move to the country. And, little by little, they are achieving it. Xiaomi, Motorola and even Huawei manufacture complete models of some of their lines in India. Asus, HTC, Samsung, Microsoft and LG have plants for some parts and Apple has taken the production of parts to India. old iPhone models. Another one is Micron, one of the main players in the memory segment. tempting everyone. The country wants more and it is gone sitting with representatives of heavyweights such as the aforementioned Apple… and Samsung. They want the South Koreans don’t just make a few piecesbut rather that they invest in artificial intelligence, hardware and in something that India is eagerly seeking: semiconductor research and development. Samsung is one of the world’s leading foundries and is investing millions outside of South Korea. India seeks to be part of that equation. To do this, they have something called PLI. This is a government initiative that encourages the production of a complete portfolio of products. That is to say: the more complete products a same brand manufactures in the country, the more incentives and economic advantages it receives. They also promise less economic friction with the West, although looking at the issue of tariffs and their ups and downs, it is something that can change from one day to the next. And it’s not all about pure and simple money: India is the most populous country on the planet and it is estimated that the average level of income will continue to rise over the next five years, which also “promise” a good national market for those products that companies manufacture on their soil. The Bangladesh Hi-Tech Park project And the result, with Hyundai being the only one with a significant presence and many open fields, buildings under construction… broken dreams. According to estimates, electronics manufacturing in India was a market of 115,000 million dollars and it is expected triple it by 2027. My colleague Laura already detailed that they were executing the technique of being a steamroller based on releasing billsalthough two things must be said. The first is that one of those objectives, the become the foundry of the worldit’s going to be complicated. TSMC is leading the conversation and is moving both on home soil -Taiwan- and in Europe and, above all, the United States. And what is truly worrying for the country is that, in this search for talent at all costs, it has invested a lot of money in the construction of technological cities that … Read more

What do the kids who have decided to believe in something believe in in the middle of 2026?

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If social media and pop culture are anything to go by, it might seem like religion crosses a second coming among young people. Several signs would point in that direction: the success of ‘The Sundays’Rosalía with her continuous Christian referencesphenomena like Hakuna Group Music capable of fill venues with thousands of people thanks to his Catholic pop… Apparently, all this sends signals: something is happening with religion, the long and inevitable path towards secularization has stopped. However, beyond the headlines and TikTok, it is the data that sheds light on what is really happening and, despite all the noise of full stadiums and online bustle, we come across the loneliness of the chapels. The truth is that the secularization has not slowed down, according to the barometer on religion and beliefs in Spain, carried out by the Pluralism and Coexistence Foundation. Approximately one in three young Spaniards is defined as spiritualbut 61% do not practice any official religion. Among 18-24 year olds, only 15% say that religion gives a lot or quite a bit of meaning to their life, far below factors such as family or friends. And, within the 54% of the population that does identify with a religion, only 17% maintain a regular practice. What is clear in this study is that growing interest in the spiritualbut not institutionally: 31% of young people believe in some type of spiritual reality or vital force, 29% say they believe a lot or quite a lot in astrology and 23% in clairvoyance. So there is not a massive return to faith, but rather a cultural visibility of the religious that is in full effervescence. Religion on demand We can say that the religious identity of Gen Z is a totum revolutum. More than a specific doctrine or religion, what many young people are looking for is that spiritual or even mystical experience. For them, the lines that separate Christian traditions – Protestant, Evangelical, Orthodox or Catholic – are blurred and give way directly to an emotional search and belonging in favor of a common religious experience. As an example, what was possible to experience at the beginning of the year at the Movistar Arena. “Let all of Spain hear it, let the name of Christ be heard!” It could be Nacho Cano opening a show in the middle of 2026 but no, we are talking about the opening of ‘Calls‘, a prayer meeting that brought together about 6000 people mixing music from evangelical groups like Hillsong, talks influencers Catholics and a final ceremony culminated with the prayer of the Lord’s Prayer. And a few days before, Catholic pop triumphed Hakuna Music Group in Vistalegre. There are also trends that are more in communion with what we know as traditional Catholicism adapted to modern times. For example: Eucharistic adoration and the prayer meeting focused on the real presence of Christ, something very Catholic and that distances itself from that evangelical approach where the power of the Bible takes center stage. Likewise, retreats and spiritual camps with renewed music and aesthetics but that follow traditional meditation and confession practices; or the prayer of the rosary that today are also reinterpreted through TikTok, YouTube or apps of prayer. All this clearly shows the hybrid nature of this youthful spirituality and its distance from religious traditions. But if young people do not go en masse to church and the data do not show the rise of Catholicism, how then is this new impulse for a transversal spirituality explained? Full stadiums, music, shared Christian symbols… Signs of a religiosity that moves in the cultural space more than in the parish. We have the answer on our phone One hypothesis is that most young people discover Christianity on TikTok before in church. On platforms like Instagram or YouTube you can follow homilies, songs of faith or prayers. They are the new modern temples, adapted to the pace of digital life. And the imaginary of the sacred has always had great cultural force, although religious practice decreases. Religious aesthetics have not appeared in recent years thanks to Rosalía, Los Javis or Alauda Ruíz de Azúa; Centuries ago it was already used as a tool of the Church to communicate and move. The ultimate end of baroque art It was to materialize the divine in images. It is true that in a dramatic way, with that dark and solemn aura to transmit the transcendent dimension of Catholicism, but in reality it was still pedagogical, a tool to reinforce the Catholic faith. In the Renaissance these Christian symbols were also used, but there they sought to humanize the divine and escape from the dark; or even in Surrealism, artists opted more for the dreamlike nature and the exploration of the subconscious. @juanvy12xd Response to @Erik Pastor MY FAVORITE BIBLE QUOTE ♬ original sound – Juan Manasa And now, in the digital age, the tools are different but the Christian symbology is still present. From Madonna to Lady Gaga, passing through the parade ‘Alta Sartoria’ by Dolce&Gabbana paying homage to ecclesiastical tailoring, Lux or the influencers Christians who circulate on social networks. Screens serve as a meeting place, algorithms determine the psalms, and the spiritual dictates our mood of the day. A generation that wants to believe in something An increasingly dissatisfied and exhausted generation Z finds in those videos of influencers Christians and in Hakuna music something exotic, something that gives them a feeling of togetherness and community. The sacred is the new Valencia filter and when faith is not only commercialized by the Church, phenomena such as Christiancore ―turning Christian symbols, such as robes or crosses, into visual language that seeks to offer meaning― find in this jaded and lonely your perfect niche. In the midst of this saturation of visual stimuli, to some young people it may seem demodé Palm Sunday mass, but his outfit with crucifix and T-shirt ‘God is Dope’ gives them the illusion of a new spirituality heterogeneous and digital. Generation Z tends to … Read more

In 1987 he had a problem displaying images on his Mac, so he created an app. Today it is the most used image editor in history

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Maybe with Nano Banana There are people who have banished Photoshop, but the image editor is the tool that has accompanied photography professionals for decades, almost on par with their camera. In fact, it achieved something only within the reach of very few technological products: becoming a verb and even enter the dictionary. We Photoshop an image and Google it on the internet. Like many other milestones, Photoshop was born by chance: It was the result of a screen that did not know how to show grays. In figures. In these almost 40 years of Photoshop’s life, the editor has been accumulating astronomical data of its progress. Its launch price in 1990 was $895. No joke, it would be equivalent to $2,100 today. It has never been a home software but a professional one. Adobe closed last year with record turnover of 23.77 billion dollars. In 2024 billing was of 21,510 million dollars, of which subscriptions represented 20,521 million dollars. In 2013 Adobe played all its cards on the subscription. Time has proven him right: in twelve years it went from 4,000 million annual billing to almost 24 billion in 2025. How it all started. It’s 1987 and Thomas Knoll was pursuing a doctorate at the University of Michigan in computer vision. Then he had a problem: his Mac Plus had a monochrome screen unable to display grayscale images, only pure black and white. So he wrote a few lines of code to fix it. He called it Display. His little program did the trick, but that was it: he had no intention of commercializing it. The one who did have a nose for the business was his brother John, who at that time worked at Industrial Light & Magic (George Lucas’ company in charge of making Star Wars special effects): convinced him to develop the entire program. Brothers and partners, they sold the license to Adobe Systems Incorporated in 1988. From layers to AI. Photoshop 1.0 would see the light of day in February 1990 as an editor that required only 2MB of RAM and an 8 MHz processor to run, the minimum specifications for a Mac. To put it in context: today Photoshop recommends 16GB of RAM, 8,000 times more. It included tools as iconic to its users as the lasso or the magic wand. But if there was a technical leap that made the difference, those were the very useful capes: they arrived in 1994 with Photoshop 3.0. Before layers, the editor was destructive: each change overwrote the original image. Almost 20 years later, another functional milestone would arrive: the arrival of AI with Generative Fillthat is, being able to add or delete objects with a prompt. Despite the controversy over authorship and the future of retouchingits numbers were incontestable: in April of last year it had already generated more than 22,000 million images since its launch, according to Adobe. The risky move to the subscription model. Before the tricky decision to include AI in its suite, Adobe made another risky move: in 2013 and when we had still succumbed in subscriptionocracyannounced that it would stop selling its Photoshop on a license forever and start renting it. At that time almost 50,000 customers signed a petition against of this decision and its shares fell 12%. Once again, time and pocketbooks seem to have proven them right: they have multiplied their income by six. In Xataka | 16 years ago a student from Barcelona was looking for an easy way to edit PDFs. The website he created is one of the most viewed on the internet In Xataka | 30 years ago he created a player for the university: today his app has more than 6 billion downloads and is still free and without ads Cover | University of Michigan

Neptun Deep, the largest offshore field in the EU

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Europe has spent almost five years desperately searching for gas that does not come from Russia. When the Commission finally succeeded at the beginning of the year and was able to approve the total import ban on Russian gasyou found yourself in another scenario but the same problem: now the uncomfortable partner is the United Stateswhich has become the largest supplier of LNG on the continent. The only real way to achieve gas sovereignty is to produce at home. And one of the answers may be 160 kilometers off the Romanian coast, in the deep waters of the Black Sea: the Neptun Deep deposit. The site. Neptun Deep It is on the Romanian continental shelf of the Black Sea, on an area of ​​7,500 km² and with depths ranging from 100 to 1000 meters. Proven and probable reserves are estimated around 100 bcm (billions of cubic meters). Context. The introduction glimpses a good part of the current situation: Russian supply has fallen from 45% to 19%, as report this roadmap from the European Commission less than a year ago, the end of transit of gas pipelines through Ukraine, the growing dependence on LNG from the US and the EU producing today 30% less than at the beginning of the decade. This drop in production has its reason in forced closure of the giant Groningen, the largest deposit in the EU. And in this pressing context comes confirmation that Romania is already the largest gas producer in the EU, as supports Eurostat. Why is it important. For Romania, whose annual gas consumption round The 10 – 11 bcm implies the real possibility of stopping imports and an important revitalization of the industry. But for Europe its relevance is strategic: A connection to the Black Sea gas corridor. The Western Balkans and Moldova have historically depended of Russian gas, in Neptun Deep they could find a direct substitute. More diversification in supply in the form of domestic sources. Although it is true that globally it is not differential, it is a sovereign gas made in the EU that does not transit through hostile countries. Advance for other European off shore. The future of the Romanian regulatory model can serve as a roadmap for other countries with off shore potential, such as Greece or Cyprus. A soap opera exploitation. The block was first explored in 2008 and in 2012 the first exploratory well, Domino-1, was drilled. ExxonMobil and OMV Petrom were originally involved, but after years of regulatory blockage and prosecutor, ExxonMobil advertisement its withdrawal in 2019. The project was left in limbo until the Romanian state company Romgaz bought ExxonMobil’s participation in 2022. It was the conflict between Russia and Ukraine that unblocked everything: Romania reformed its offshore law and from there, the partners decided to undertake the investment, committing 4,000 million euros. With the Neptun Alpha production platform scheduled to be installed in 2026 and wells in drilling since March 2025, first production is estimated for 2027 and is expected a peak production of between 8 and 10 bcm annually. Yes, but. We have already seen that Neptun Deep has appeared on the map when it is most needed in Europe, but its impact on the old continent is relative: By scale: its production of between 8 and 10 bcm annually represents 2.5% of European consumption (390 bcm, according to the International Energy Agency). In short, it will not change the dependency nor does it have the weight to alter prices. The conditions of the Black Sea have their own challenges, with the absence of oxygen in the deep layers, certain seismicity or the presence of hydrogen sulfide in some formations. Construction logistics will not be easy. By timing. Gas will arrive in 2027 at the earliest, when European demand has already been declining for years due to electrification. The utility window is narrow. On the other hand, it could discourage electrification in Romania and the Balkans. In Xataka | Europe has reached the end of winter with depleted gas reserves. A country has a model to save it: Spain In Xataka | Europe managed to become independent from Russian gas. Now you have another headache: how to become independent of US gas Cover | Romgaz Romania

Are the 200 euros difference worth it or has Apple been left behind?

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Xiaomi has released not one, not two, but three tablets that once again embrace the quality-price ratio that we have seen so many other times within the brand. Therefore, we are going to stop a little to see if they really are as attractive as they seem at first glance, and what better way to do it than by comparing the Xiaomi Pad 8 with the iPad Air M4since Xiaomi usually uses Apple as a reference, mentioning the brand in its presentations. Can it compete head to head with the iPad? Let’s see it. The price could vary. We earn commission from these links iPad Air M4 (128GB, 11-inch) The price could vary. We earn commission from these links The differences between Xiaomi and Apple tablets Big differences in screens While it is true that in any case we are talking about tablets that offer good image quality, both Xiaomi and Apple have small peculiarities. All Xiaomi tablets come with an 11.2-inch screen that offers both a 3.2K resolution and a 144 Hz refresh rate, thus achieving greater fluidity when navigating the menus, when we want to play a video game or even if we read an article on a website. The Xiaomi Pad 8 Mate adds a very interesting feature, and that is that this model has anti-reflective treatmentwhich means that if you are going to use it outdoors, the sun will not reflect as much on the screen. Instead, the iPad Air M4 is available in two sizes of 11 and 13 inches respectively. While it is true that it also includes a good Liquid Retina screen, the refresh rate remains at 60 Hz, so it does not offer the same fluidity as the screens of Xiaomi tablets. In short, if you are going to use the tablet at home, you will have a good experience with any of them, even if the Xiaomi screens offer better fluidity. Things change if you are going to use it outdoors: the iPad Air offers a maximum brightness of 500 nits, which is a fairly fair figure. Xiaomi tablets raise that figure to 800 nits, so in these cases it is better to bet on Xiaomi tablets, especially the Pad 8 Pro Mate if we are going to use it a lot outside the home. Processors and operating systems What are you going to use the tablet for? If you want to buy one of these tablets to watch multimedia content, you will have a good experience with any of them. But If you want to play demanding titles, choose the iPad. Because? Basically because it comes with a more powerful processor than Qualcomm, even allowing you to move console games. Not all models of the current generation of Xiaomi come with the same chip: the Xiaomi Pad 8 incorporates the Snapdragon 8s Gen 4, while the Xiaomi Pad 8 Pro and 8 Pro Mate come with the Snapdragon 8 Eliteone of the most powerful processors in Android devices. Instead, the new iPad Air comes with the M4 chipa processor that is capable of moving many titles, as we have seen many other times in Apple computers. On the other hand, both brands have different operating systems. Xiaomi tablets come with Android under the customization layer HyperOS 3while the iPad Air M4 comes with iPadOS. The choice is very particular, but we can mention two things: HyperOS has better artificial intelligence functions, since Apple Intelligence It’s still a little green. iPadOS has some very interesting productivity apps, such as Final Cut Pro. Depending on the use we are going to give to the tablet, we may be interested in making the jump to one operating system or another. If we want artificial intelligence functions, right now Xiaomi tablets offer better options. On the other hand, if we want to play, study or work with the tablet, we may be more interested in opting for the iPad. All RAM and storage configurations Depending on the model we want to buy, we can find very different RAM configurations. The Xiaomi Pad 8 and Xiaomi Pad 8 Pro are available in two versions of 8 and 12 GB, and the Xiaomi Pad 8 Pro Mate and iPad Air M4 are only available in a 12 GB version. Take into account the RAM memory It is important in the era we are living in when it comes to artificial intelligence. The more a device has to process AI locally, the more RAM it will need to avoid being fried. Various storage configurations are also available, although here Apple offers a more interesting option: The Xiaomi Pad 8 is available in two versions of 128 GB and 256 GB. The Xiaomi Pad 8 Pro adds a 512 GB version. The Xiaomi Pad 8 Pro Mate is only available in a 512 GB version. The iPad Air M4 can be purchased in 128GB, 256GB, 512GB, and 1TB versions. In this case, the interesting thing about Apple is that it offers a configuration with double the storage than the Xiaomi models. If you are going to save a lot of photos, videos or files, especially if you want to use the iPad as an alternative to a computeryou may be more interested in the 1 TB model. In the case of Xiaomi tablets, with the 512 GB configuration you can get by for a while, but you may fall short in the long term. What your batteries say Although at the moment we do not know too many details about the battery of the iPad Air M4, Apple has mentioned that its theoretical autonomy is up to 10 hours of browsing, which means that it does not vary too much compared to previous generations. The three Xiaomi tablets come with 9,200 mAh batteries, but with different fast charging: 45W for the Xiaomi Pad 8 and 67W for the Xiaomi Pad 8 Pro and Xiaomi Pad 8 Pro Mate. Taking all this into account, The strong point of … Read more

This map of the August solar eclipse is a gem for discovering where and how to see it best

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Those of us who love to look at the sky in search of astronomical landmarks are in luck: the classic summer Perseid shower is joined by the first of the three eclipses planned between 2026 and 2028that of August 12. It will be a historic event in that it will be the first total eclipse visible on the peninsula since 1912. There is still time to find a good place free of light pollution (or at least, not “light pollution dump“) close to where we are. That is, if we are lucky enough that the solar eclipse is full wherever we are. Taking into account that it will be in the middle of August, surely there are those who are preparing a getaway to a potentially ideal location. In addition to finding a place where the eclipse is total and free of buildings and streetlights, if we want to enjoy the solar eclipse in its maximum splendorthere are other aspects to take into account, such as whether the shadows will bother us or how long it will be visible. The National Geographic Institute has a section on your website where to monitor in which parts of the world the solar eclipse will be seen and which areas will be partial and which will be total. Thus, we hope to see it in North America, much of Europe and West Africa. Where to best see the total solar eclipse, on an interactive map But it will only be total in a relatively wide strip, the one you see in the dark that crosses the Arctic Ocean, the northeast of Greenland and the extreme west of Iceland, crossing the Atlantic Ocean to enter the Iberian Peninsula. The time when the eclipse will be at its maximum It will be at 19 hours and 46 minutes (peninsular time) and at that point on the planet (near Iceland) it will last at most two minutes and 18 seconds. Where the solar eclipse will be seen: areas where it will be total and areas where it will be partial. IGN The total eclipse will cross the Iberian Peninsula from west to east from A Coruña to Palma, passing through cities such as Lugo, Oviedo, León, Zamora, Valladolid, Palencia, Segovia, Burgos, Soria, Santander, Bilbao, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Logroño, Guadalajara, Cuenca, Zaragoza, Teruel, Lleida, Tarragona, València and Castelló de la Plana. In Spain, the local maximum will occur around 8:28–32 minutes, and totality will last up to 1 minute and 50 seconds at the point of longest duration (the Asturian coast). Madrid and Barcelona are outside the strip: although they will see a visually impressive 99% partial eclipse, it will not reach the point that will be seen in the strip. This IGN interactive map It has an animation where you can see the progress of the shadow that will form the superimposition of the moon on the sun. The shadow of the solar eclipse, in an animation If you are interested in having more precise information about a specific location, it includes a box where you can enter addresses or cities, which opens the doors to having data such as its visibility profile, duration, when it will start, its peak point or the time you will be able to see it. Eclipse data for Estella – Lizarra. IGN On the right side it has several options such as sharing information, background layers for example the satellite view or a particularly interesting one: layers. Thus, you can activate the duration to know in which areas you can enjoy more viewing time, the degree of obscuration or visibility, because you could go out into nature to see it without being bothered by the lights and discover that the shadows of the terrain disturb your vision. The interactive map, with visibility, darkness and duration layers activated. IGN An important detail for choosing the site: The eclipse will occur at sunset, with the sun low on the horizon, which will require observing it in a place that offers good visibility to the west, without mountains, buildings or trees that obstruct. On the other hand, remember not to look at the sun directly except during that period when the eclipse is total. But it’s better not to risk it and use approved glasses. In Xataka | Solar eclipses visible in Spain: these are the three astronomical events of 2026, 2027 and 2028 In Xataka | Half of Spain waits expectantly for the historic eclipse of August 2026. The authorities are already thinking about the problems Cover | IGN and Kevin Baird

In 1993 Microsoft created Encarta to revolutionize knowledge. Twenty years later it would be devastated by a tsunami

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It became so popular that its logo and the sound of their intros They became two brands just as identifiable as those of Nokia or Windows. If – like the person writing this – you had to go to school or high school between the second half of the 90s and the first half of the 2000s, talk about the Encarta It does not require large presentations. If not, don’t worry; It won’t take us much time. Before Wikipedia offered free online knowledge and even the use of the Internet became popular, Microsoft launched a digital encyclopedia that revolutionized the sector and became a phenomenon between more or less 1993 and 2009. Its name: Encarta. Today, ironies of history, “Encarta” is one more entry in the index of other encyclopedias; but there was a time when it transformed our way of accessing knowledge. From having to spend their eyelashes and fingertips scrolling through pages in search of information, students began to search for information with the click of a button. The Encarta offered an agile, comfortable and above all didactic way to satisfy curiosity. With articles, yes; but also with videos, audios and even virtual visits and games. You could read about Nepalese temples in the Salvat. Or open the Encarta and “tour” one. Its “pull” was so great that it put the old paper encyclopedias in trouble. When the Spanish edition was presented in early 1997, those responsible presumed that the Encarta CD-ROM, a format that you could store in a drawer or even a folder, contained information that It was equivalent to 29 volumes and 1.2 meters of shelving. Not only that. The Encarta cost 24,900 pesetas, four times less than an equivalent printed encyclopedia. To make matters worse, his landing in Spain was protected by Santillanaa publishing house with considerable weight in school classrooms. How to compete with that? The product was liked and published in Spanish and other languages. He did well until, with the same ones with which he had become a phenomenon, ended up succumbing to the competition. In a way, his success is due to his good sense of smell in the 90s; its decline, to the inability to adapt in the 2000s. This is your story. Objective: reinvent the old encyclopedias In the mid-1980s Microsoft He began to think about the idea of ​​creating a digital encyclopedia. The idea was ambitious. Those from Redmond wanted, neither more nor less, to rethink the concept and operation of a product apparently as mature and closed as the volumes that publishers’ commercials were dedicated to selling door to door. To make its debut in a big way, the multinational tried to negotiate a license with the creators of what was probably the most respected publication internationally: the Encyclopædia Britannica. It didn’t go well for them. In the 1980s, paper volumes of Britannica were sold and They left huge profits. As Enrique Dans remembershis books cost about $250 to produce and the selling price ranged between $1,500 and $2,200, depending on the quality. Why would the firm want to digitize content on a CD and risk killing the goose that lays the golden eggs? Microsoft did not give up and looked for ways to move the idea forward. He even had a name for the initiative: Project Gandalf. Some time later he closed a contract with Funk & Wagnalls to use your New Encyclopediaof 29 volumes, in a database that was created at the end of that same decade. To complete its contents, years later two other McMillan encyclopedias would be added, the Collier’s and New Merit Scholar. They were not the Britannica; but it would have to do. However, doubts arose in Redmond about whether or not the project was viable and they decided to park it. It was resumed at the turn of the decade, in 1991, when Microsoft decided to go all out. In 1993, the first edition of the Encarta Encyclopedia was launched, which included the 25,000 Funk & Wagnalls articles and extra material, such as images and some animations. The tool was comfortable, much more agile than the kilometric tomes and even fun, but it started with a huge mistake: the shot was centered wrong. At the beginning of the 90s there were still many houses without a PC and the marketing price was exclusive. When it came out, the Encarta cost about $400, which greatly limited its range. The cost deterred customers and was not too far from that of another competitor that was testing the same niche with a recognizable brand, Compton, which also launched your own multimedia version in 1990, with text and supports such as images and sounds. In Redmond they knew how to react and soon they were deploying a more aggressive strategy. They launched promotions that allowed you to get the Encarta for 99 dollarsthey included their CD with the Windows software package and negotiated with manufacturers to incorporate it into their computers, a tactic not unlike that used with Windows and Office. The promotion of Microsoft itself gave the final push. The new encyclopedia gained fame and began to chain editions, translate into different languages and enrich content with multimedia supports. In 1995, abridged versions of some articles were offered for Microsoft Network ISP subscribers, and starting in ’96, standard and deluxe editions began to be released, an enriched version that could be updated month by month. In 1998, its creators went one step further and acquired the rights to several electronic encyclopedias. The product was growing and, above all, it demonstrated that the sector was experiencing a clear paradigm shift. The best example: in 1996 the once powerful company Britannica ended up underselling for their difficulties. “It allows young and old to explore the world by themes and characters,” their promoters boasted in the Spanish market. And so it was, indeed. Through articles, photos, illustrations, graphs, maps, timelines, recordings, videos and even virtual tours, Encarta won over an entire generation of students. … Read more

For Finland, protecting its roads in World War II was essential, so flying trees were invented

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In a war it is not only doing and being, but also appearing. We have already seen recently how Iran pretended to have parked fighters so that Israel wastes its missiles, but this trick of playing catch-up is older than gunpowder. In fact, in World War II the United States had until ‘Ghost Army’ who was dedicated to these tasks. Precisely within the framework of the second war on a planetary scale, this curious story of concealment of infrastructurewhich is run by Finland. Finland is a Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula, the easternmost of the triad made up of Norway, Sweden and Finland. That makes it have a border with Russia, only at that time it was the USSR. Its situation on the map made it fight three wars in three different positions: the Winter War where it was attacked by the Soviets, the Continuation War in which the USSR attacked it, taking advantage of the Nazis’ Operation Barbarossa and the Lapland Warin which he fought against Germany after signing his armistice with the USSR. The photo that illustrates the cover of this piece and that you can see in full immediately after this paragraph was taken by Osvald Hedenström and is preserved in the photographic archive of the Finnish Defense Forces, along with the legend written by the photographer: “The Finns have camouflaged the 10 km from the border on the Raatteen road with country roads, with fir trees that seem to hang in the air, because right on the border there is an observation tower erected by the Russians. Suomussalmi, Kuivajärvi 1941.06.27” Flying trees on the Raatteen road. Sa-Kuva The cheapest camouflage of World War II That is to say, the legend makes three facts clear: that there was camouflage that covered the 10 kilometers of road from the border, which included rural roads and the main highway, and that the threat was a Soviet observation tower right on the muga. As? With fir trees lying. The Finnish army was noticeably inferior to the Soviet one, so they took advantage of the terrain, explains Colonel Petteri Jouko, a military historian at the Finnish National Defense University. for Atlas Obscura: “The Finns did not have the funds to purchase large quantities of artificial camouflage, such as nets, they did use trees, leaves and foliage to confuse the enemy” Because Finland is also a country with exuberant nature: the density of its forests is around 75% of the territory. according to the FAOso discovering critical infrastructure for the movement of troops and supplies such as roads or railways was a piece of cake for the Soviets. Obviously this resource of camouflaged roads was only effective for sky-level observationbut not for reconnaissance aircraft. Trees laid to hide critical infrastructure. Sa-Kuva This camouflage technique was technically simple but arduous. The Finns cut down the pine trees near the roads and then suspended them with steel cables that they had tied to other trees at the ends, although they also used wooden poles. The result, as can be seen just above, in another photograph from the Finnish archive, is that it seemed that the trees were flying over the roads, which from a bird’s eye view appeared to be just another leafy forest. Currently, none of these tree structures have survived; the passage of time and the abandonment of these rural roads has condemned them to their disappearance. In Xataka | Ukraine has found the antidote to Russian kamikaze drones in World War II: an optical illusion worth 500 euros In Xataka | A secret Nazi bunker in Germany hides the most sought-after treasure on the entire planet: hundreds of tons of rare earths Cover and photographs | SA-kuva (Finnish Defense Forces photo archive)

There are only 20 fateful kilometers left on the Gobi border

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China and Mongolia have been trying to solve one of Asia’s costliest logistics problems for more than a decade: getting coal and metals from Mongolian mines to Chinese steel plants. without using eternal truck caravans. The solution: a railway corridor between the mines of Tavan Tolgoi and the Chinese network capable of transporting up to 50 million tons of cargo, such as declared the Mongolian president. The project carries on the table since 2012 and, after delays and stoppages, the first part was completed. In 2025 the second phase started: a cross-border link of just 19.5 kilometers in length at the Gashuunsukhait-Gantsmod pass whose completion is scheduled for 2027. Let China be capable of remodeling a train station in one night but it takes 22 months to build only eight kilometers, anticipating the technical and orographic challenges it faces. Context. Mongolia owns some of the largest reserves of coal and copper in the world. deserves special mention Tavan Tolgoione of the largest unexploited coking coal deposits on the planet, with an estimate of 6.4 billion tons of this resource. Copper and gold also works well in Oyu Tolgoi. In fact, has a projected production by 2030 of 500,000 tons of copper per year. But Mongolia is landlocked. China is historically the largest importer of Mongolian coal. As? With lines of trucks crossing the desert. From an environmental and economic point of view, the switch to rail makes the most sense but it has fine print: the Mongolian railway network It has 1,815 kilometers of Soviet gauge trackof which the majority are part of the TransMongolia line that connects Russia with China. The network is practically single track, with limited capacity and vulnerable to snowfall in winter and Gobi sand in the southern section. Trans-Mongolian crossing the Gobi Desert. PIERRE ANDRE LECLERCQ Why is it important. Because this fully completed corridor will close a strategic logistics chain for China at a time when there is tension in the supply of critical raw materials. Without going any further, he already faced a Australian coal veto a few years ago, having to seek supply in Russia and Mongolia. Mongolia also gains by improving its coal and metals export infrastructure. As declared the Mongolian governmentthe average export volume will go from 83 million tons to 165 million per year, which represents an increase of 1.5 billion dollars. Of course, it reinforces its dependence on China: It already exports 90% of its raw materials. First phase. The history of the Tavan Tolgoi–Gashuun Sukhait railway is checkered to say the least: it began in 2012, when Mongolian Mining Corporation announced a railway from Ukhaa Khudag to the Gashuun Sukhait border crossing, with completion scheduled for 2015. With the earthworks very advanced, the work became entrenched both due to economic and political problems how to choose what the track width should be. Work resumed in 2018 under new management. Finally, the line will be inaugurated in 2022 233.6 kilometers long crossing the Gobi Desert (258 km with auxiliary infrastructure), with 16 bridges and designed for loads of 25 tons per axle. According to Tavantolgoi Railway LLC and collected by AFPthe price of a ton of coal fell from 32 dollars to 8. The pending critical phase: the border. The Mongolian railway reaches the border from 2022, but the critical thing remained: coal could not cross to China by train. The main reason for being is pure engineering: Mongolia uses the Soviet width of 1,520 mm and China uses 1,435 mm, the international standard width. At the Gashuun Sukhait pass there was a physical gap that required the transshipment of goods, with the delays, costs and inconveniences that it entails. They are going to solve it with a double track widthwhich extends both the Mongolian and Chinese lines, thus allowing trains from both systems to enter the area without transfers. This cross-border link will have a main road 19.5 kilometers and includes bridge structures between 8 and 31 meters high, necessary to bridge the topographic gap between the two sides of the border. The Chinese side is being built by the state-owned company China Energy Investment Corporation and on the Mongolian side, Tavantolgoi Railway LLC. A corridor full of challenges. The delay of the railway corridor project due to financial and political issues is just the tip of the iceberg of other challenges it has faced, ranging from the engineering problem of the track gauge to the extreme climate of the Gobi: the Mongolian section passes through one of the most inhospitable places on the planet, with temperature ranges ranging from -40 °C in winter to more than 40 °C in summer. It is no longer that it is uninhabitable, it is that it affects the structure of the road itself. In Xataka | 125 kilometers of water separate 140 million inhabitants. China is going to solve it with a mega railway tunnel In Xataka | China has built the highest bridge in the world and has done what it must: turn it into a show Cover | Marcin Konsek and KUA YUE

Marlon Brando rejected an Oscar in 1973. His authentic story is worthy of the best thriller film

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On March 27, 1973, Marlon Brando rejected the Oscar for Best Actor for ‘The Godfather’ as a protest against the treatment of Native Americans. What no one knew then is that the statuette would not disappear, but would tour through some very famous hands in Hollywood, among others Roger Moore and Charlie Chaplin. This is the story of a prize that never existed and, even so, was doubled The rejection. On March 27, 1973, before an audience of 85 million viewers, Sacheen Littlefeather took the stage at the 45th Oscars ceremony and rejected the Best Actor award for ‘The Godfather’ on behalf of Marlon Brando. The gesture was historic: it was the first live political speech at the gala, although not the first time that someone rejected the statuette (Brando was preceded by screenwriter Dudley Nichols in 1936 – out of solidarity with the Writers Guild – and actor George C. Scott in 1971 – who called the ceremony “a two-hour meat parade” -). But what happened to the statuette after that night was a mystery that lasted decades. What no one saw. Sacheen Littlefeather never touched the statuette. Roger Moore (a few months away from debuting as James Bond, but already famous for his television role as The Saint) supported her throughout the speech. When Littlefeather left the stage, Moore followed her with the trophy in her hand and verified that no one had devised any protocol for collecting a rejected Oscar. So he took it with him. The 1616. As reconstructed by Bruce Davis, former executive director of the Academy, the statuette (serial number 1616, not 1601 as was believed for years, a failure whose explanation we will now see and which still contaminates multiple chronicles of the journey of this award) accompanied Moore to several parties after the gala. In this way, he presided over tables full of food and drink and received “almost Bondian attention from a good number of women” before stopping for two weeks at the mansion of producer Albert Broccoli. Eventually, Moore’s publicist, Jerry Pam, returned her to the Academy. Jump to 1995. The story seemed closed until, in 1995, the actor turned agent Marty Ingels called a press conference with an explosive statement: a client of his owned the Oscar rejected by Brando and was willing to auction it to benefit a charitable cause. The Academy responded bluntly: that Oscar did not exist. And technically, the Academy was right. Or not at all. Two 1601s. Ingels revealed the trophy’s serial number: 1601. Academy records indicated that number corresponded to a statuette on loan at an exhibition in New York, and a phone call confirmed that it was still there. But then Ingels sent a photograph of the trophy in his possession and indeed, it could be seen that the engraved number was 1601: there were two statuettes with the same number. Something that had never happened since the Academy began recording serials on the trophies in 1950. The explanation for the mess appeared in a record book prior to the computerization of the archives. Above the entry indicating the loan of the 1601 statuette was another line erased with white concealer. Viewed against the light, the page revealed the original text: “1601 — missing during the 45th Oscar ceremony.” The most likely hypothesis, according to Davis, is that the person responsible for the inventory of figurines that night had a duplicate made of the number 1601 and quietly returned it to the archives. But… why? What else happened in that ceremony that led to a duplicate being made? First robbery. The 1601 that Ingels had was not Brando’s Oscar. It was the duplicate of another trophy stolen that same night: video images of the ceremony show that one of the statuettes for the best documentary award, ‘Marjoe’, was left forgotten on the podium when the lights went out for an advertising break. It is, according to Academy records, the only theft of an Oscar directly from the stage in its entire history. Now, Chaplin. While the riddle of the 1601 was being solved, the fate of Brando’s authentic Oscar (the 1616 returned by Moore) took another turn. Charlie Chaplin had won his first Oscar that same year for the soundtrack of ‘Footlights’, a 1952 film that, due to a regulatory loophole already resolved the following year, was eligible twenty years after it was filmed. The Chaplin figurine was mailed to Europe and arrived damaged. Chaplin’s family returned it to the Academy asking for a replacement, and the Academy engraved Chaplin’s name on Brando’s Oscar and sent it to London. Fifty years later. In August 2022, Academy President David Rubin issued a formal apology to Littlefeather in which he called the treatment received for his statements on Brando’s behalf (boos and stamping from the Academy’s leading men) “disproportionate and unjustified” and acknowledged that the damage to his career was “irreparable.” Littlefeather replied wryly.: “It’s only been 50 years. We have to keep our sense of humor; it’s our survival method.” He died on October 2 of that same year, a few weeks after the tribute ceremony that the Academy held in his honor. The trophy marked 1601(A), the duplicate manufactured to cover the theft, never appeared in public again. In Xataka | The 30 best gangster movies: gangsters, triads, camorra and yakuza show the guts of organized crime

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