Someone has taken more than 12,000 Spanish laws and converted them to source code. It is a real gem to search for legislation

If you have ever prepared for competitive exams and are looking for the legislation that you have to prepare for or need to consult a law for any management, you will have already realized that the Official State Gazette is a pain. (also applies to regional versions) to find out what is current and what has changed: transpositions, various PDFs, annexes and cross references that make you go crazy. You are not alone: ​​sooner or later it has happened to everyone. Until now you only had two alternatives: consult with someone who did know about the subject to clear your doubts or resort to artificial intelligence to then carefully check that nothing is left out. To the computer engineer Enrique Lopez It must have happened to him too and he took action on the matter. The project. Is called Legalize and it is in a few words a digital repository of state and regional legislation available on GitHub, as if it were a computer project. Thus, it has translated more than 12,000 regulations in force in the state (both state and regional), each one into a Markdown file with plain text on which you can search for what interests you. In addition, each of the laws are grouped in folders based on their jurisdiction. In short: one law, one file, one folder, one jurisdiction. The organization follows the standard ELI (European Legislation Identifier). As the project’s GitHub explains, all content comes from the BOE Consolidated Legislation APIthe text of the legislation is public domain. What Legalize-es provides is structure, version control and metadata. What has changed about this law. But the laws have their drafts, consolidated texts and subsequent reforms, so sometimes being clear about what is in force and what is not is an odyssey. So you added each reform as a commit, with the actual publication date. This way, even if you have no idea about laws, you can see what exactly has changed in the regulations: in red is what is deleted and in green is what is added. We see it better with an example, that of Royal Decree-Law 8/2010: Royal Decree-Law 8/2010 Why is it important. Beyond the practicality of access of this format, the true relevance is that anyone can know what has changed in a law without tricks or cardboard. It is true that the BOE is public, but it is far from friendly. On the other hand, when a law is reformed, it is easy to lose sight of previous regulations. With this format it is easy to know what has changed and when. Context. In a state like Spain where the normative production report of the CEOE for 2024 (the last one released) lists 719 regulations, being up to date with regulations that affect matters as important as taxes or retirement is an arduous task. The digitization of current legal regulations is a pending issue that this project addresses as a civic hack: using technology to simplify and clarify what the administration hinders. How it works. The core of legalize-es is the automation of legislative data through a pipeline, that is, with a “robot” that periodically monitors the BOE’s Consolidated Legislation API. The system extracts the text from the official PDF and cleans it of strange formats, leaving it in plain text. Once processed, the law is integrated into a Git version control system where each reform does not overwrite the previous one, but is saved as a new layer to allow access to the history of changes, which allows traceability. In Xataka | The “ChatGPT for lawyers” exists, it was born in Spain and has just reached a milestone: becoming a unicorn Cover | Flickr

This map of the August solar eclipse is a gem for discovering where and how to see it best

Those of us who love to look at the sky in search of astronomical landmarks are in luck: the classic summer Perseid shower is joined by the first of the three eclipses planned between 2026 and 2028that of August 12. It will be a historic event in that it will be the first total eclipse visible on the peninsula since 1912. There is still time to find a good place free of light pollution (or at least, not “light pollution dump“) close to where we are. That is, if we are lucky enough that the solar eclipse is full wherever we are. Taking into account that it will be in the middle of August, surely there are those who are preparing a getaway to a potentially ideal location. In addition to finding a place where the eclipse is total and free of buildings and streetlights, if we want to enjoy the solar eclipse in its maximum splendorthere are other aspects to take into account, such as whether the shadows will bother us or how long it will be visible. The National Geographic Institute has a section on your website where to monitor in which parts of the world the solar eclipse will be seen and which areas will be partial and which will be total. Thus, we hope to see it in North America, much of Europe and West Africa. Where to best see the total solar eclipse, on an interactive map But it will only be total in a relatively wide strip, the one you see in the dark that crosses the Arctic Ocean, the northeast of Greenland and the extreme west of Iceland, crossing the Atlantic Ocean to enter the Iberian Peninsula. The time when the eclipse will be at its maximum It will be at 19 hours and 46 minutes (peninsular time) and at that point on the planet (near Iceland) it will last at most two minutes and 18 seconds. Where the solar eclipse will be seen: areas where it will be total and areas where it will be partial. IGN The total eclipse will cross the Iberian Peninsula from west to east from A Coruña to Palma, passing through cities such as Lugo, Oviedo, León, Zamora, Valladolid, Palencia, Segovia, Burgos, Soria, Santander, Bilbao, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Logroño, Guadalajara, Cuenca, Zaragoza, Teruel, Lleida, Tarragona, València and Castelló de la Plana. In Spain, the local maximum will occur around 8:28–32 minutes, and totality will last up to 1 minute and 50 seconds at the point of longest duration (the Asturian coast). Madrid and Barcelona are outside the strip: although they will see a visually impressive 99% partial eclipse, it will not reach the point that will be seen in the strip. This IGN interactive map It has an animation where you can see the progress of the shadow that will form the superimposition of the moon on the sun. The shadow of the solar eclipse, in an animation If you are interested in having more precise information about a specific location, it includes a box where you can enter addresses or cities, which opens the doors to having data such as its visibility profile, duration, when it will start, its peak point or the time you will be able to see it. Eclipse data for Estella – Lizarra. IGN On the right side it has several options such as sharing information, background layers for example the satellite view or a particularly interesting one: layers. Thus, you can activate the duration to know in which areas you can enjoy more viewing time, the degree of obscuration or visibility, because you could go out into nature to see it without being bothered by the lights and discover that the shadows of the terrain disturb your vision. The interactive map, with visibility, darkness and duration layers activated. IGN An important detail for choosing the site: The eclipse will occur at sunset, with the sun low on the horizon, which will require observing it in a place that offers good visibility to the west, without mountains, buildings or trees that obstruct. On the other hand, remember not to look at the sun directly except during that period when the eclipse is total. But it’s better not to risk it and use approved glasses. In Xataka | Solar eclipses visible in Spain: these are the three astronomical events of 2026, 2027 and 2028 In Xataka | Half of Spain waits expectantly for the historic eclipse of August 2026. The authorities are already thinking about the problems Cover | IGN and Kevin Baird

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