Month: May 2025

Only three countries have launched human beings to space. A room is about to join the club: India

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The last great spatial power is preparing to register its name in one of the most exclusive clubs of humanity: that of nations capable of sending astronauts to space by their own means. Until now, only the United States, Russia (heiress of the Soviet Union) and China hold that honor. But India and its ambitious Gaganyaan program are knocking on the door. In two years. Announced in 2018 by Prime Minister Narendra Modi with the aim of launching in 2022, to coincide with the 75th anniversary of the country’s independence, the Gaganyaan program accumulates several delays. However, the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) has stepped on the accelerator, confirming that, although the first manned mission is postponed in early 2027, preparations advance at a good pace. The road map. Isro prepares three unmanned orbital missions of the Gaganyaan ship before starting to launch astronauts, According to Eureka. The first is called G1 and is scheduled for the last quarter of 2025. The Vyommitra humanoid robot will carry on board, loaded with sensors to prepare manned flights. The G2 and G3 missions will be followed in 2026, also with Vyommitra. And, if everything is going as planned, Mission H1, the first manned, will take off in the first quarter of 2027 aboard the HLVM3 rocket (a version of the LVM3 adapted for manned flights), followed by the H2 mission. Astronauts. India has already designated four astronauts for these historical missions: the pilots of the Indian Air Force Prashanth Balakrishnan Nair, Angad Prathap, Angad Pratap and Shubhanshu Shukla, who will previously fly to the International Space Station in the Axiom 4 mission aboard a Spacex ship. Everyone has formed as astronauts in Russia and, one of them, Shubhanshu Shukla, will have a previous experience this one before, when it flies to the International Space Station aboard a Crew Dragon ship as part of the commercial mission Axiom 4. Ambitious plans. Indian ambitions do not end with putting astronauts in orbit. After the first two manned missions, a fourth unmanned mission of Gaganyaan, the G4, will be attached to the US segment of the International Space Station with an coupling system compatible with the NASA standard. Will serve as proof of concept to put the orbit the first module of the Indian Space Station Bharatiya Antarksha Station (BAS), whose first module would be launched in 2028 in an orbit similar to ISS. The first load mission to BAS, the G5, is scheduled for 2029. BAS has the objective of establishing a permanent presence of Indians in low orbit, adding to China, which has its own space station, and the ISS member countries, which will be abandoned in 2030. The next step will be to put an Indian astronaut on the lunar surface by 2040. For this, Isro is developing a new generation rocket propelled by methane, the NGLV (Next Generation Launch Vehicle), which will have a version capable of placing 70 tons in low orbit. Image | Isro In Xataka | India is crowned in space history: it manages to land near the South Pole of the Moon days after the Russian failure

We have found bacteria at the Chinese space station. The most surprising thing is that it is a new species

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Space exploration has an obsession with cleanliness. It is not for less: if we want to look for life on other planets of our solar system we have to make sure that our ships do not lead with them terrestrial life that can lead us to confusion. This is the main reason why space agencies pay enormous attention to microorganisms that may appear in their ships, even in those who do not travel to other planets. Sometimes life gives us surprises. Bacteria on board. Sample analysis taken in the Chinese Space Station Tiangong It has allowed to detect traces of the presence of an unknown bacterium in this aseptic space environment. The newly discovered bacteria would have mechanisms that would have allowed her to stay alive in the extreme conditions of life aboard an orbital station. Niallia tiagongensis. The new species has been baptized as Niallia tiagongensisin reference to the name of the space station placed in orbit by China. Name in turn can translate as “Celestial Palace” N. tiagongensis Share taxonomic gender with the species Niallia Circumsa pathogenic bacterium capable of causing sepsis in immunocompromised patients. The New bacterium It has a cane shape, but it would be able to form spores, oval structures that protect the genetic information of the species in extreme conditions such as high temperatures, radiation or lack of water. N. tiagongensis It could have arrived in this way to the station that has given it. A space bacterium? The evolutionary origin of this bacterium is on earth, but We do not know for now If this new species can be found on the surface or if on the contrary it is the result of the evolution of another bacterium. An evolution that could have occurred aboard the station, allowing the survival of the bacterial colonies. It is also possible that the species has an almost fully terrestrial origin but that its “space colonies” have evolved to better adapt to the new extraterrestrial environment. Two years of study. The samples that have given rise to the finding were collected inside the station In May 2023 by astronauts of the Shenzhou-15 mission. The study of the remains found has allowed to know details on the survival strategy of this microorganism. Genes have been found that encode some responses of these bacteria to some extreme conditions, such as their response to oxidative stress or their ability to repair the damage caused by radiation. For example, we know that this bacterium is capable of generating protective particles obtaining nitrogen and carbon from the decomposition of gelatins. The details of the finding were published In an article In the magazine International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. From ISS A Tiangong. It is not the first time that we find bacteria aboard a space station. We have detected bacteria years In the International Space Station, so much so that their astronauts began recently began the Life search abroad of the ship. What we can intuit from the fact that we would not have detected the new bacteria in other ships such as the ISS is that there is diversity in the populations of microorganisms that populate the different vehicles and stations that we send to space. A lost race? The news of the new finding has been produced almost at the same time that The announcement by NASA of the detection of numerous species of microorganisms inside one of its “clean rooms”, allegedly aseptic environments designed precisely to maintain devices and vehicles safe from pollution. Bad news, not only before we send (or we have already sent) microorganisms aboard the probes that explore planets and satellites where we suspect can exist or have existed extraterrestrial life. The fact that we know that this life is able to survive in the low terrestrial orbits It does not necessarily imply That these microbes can resist an interplanetary trip, but it is a bad indication. In Xataka | The International Space Station is a farm of new species of candidate bacteria Image | Shujianyang / Bob Blaylock

You have to wait 17 years for a mine to give results. China already has two decades of advantage

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The new map of global power, It no longer happens with having oil. The true strategic value lies in the domain of critical minerals, such as lithium, nickel, copper or rare earths, considered the backbone of essential technologies. Therefore, whoever controls their access, production and refined is equivalent to having the keys to the energy and digital future. According to has estimated In an interview for the Wall Street Journal IEA director Fatih Birol, to have an operational mine, can take up to 17 years. While many countries just begin to move, there is already a country at the head. The arrival. There is an Italian saying that says: “piano piano if Arriva Lontano”, translated would be that little by little you get away. And it is not surprising that this premise comes as a finger ring for the Asian giant. Since the beginning of this century, Beijing adopted a deliberate large -scale investment strategy throughout the value chain of critical minerals. The result of this bet is that China is currently the main world refining of 19 of the 20 strategic minerals Evaluated by IEA. More recent data. Between 2020 and 2024, he was responsible for approximately the 80 % of supply growth Global lithium and copper. Control is even more overwhelming in certain key elements: The country processes 95 % of graphite which is used in lithium -ion batteries. 98 % of rare earths necessary to manufacture high -performance magnets, fundamental in electric motors, wind turbines and advanced military systems. Out of its borders. Many of the mines and processing plants in Africa, Latin America and Southeast Asia are owned by Chinese companies or have a large participation of Chinese capital, According to Wall Street Journal. Starting with Indonesia, where much of the nickel, mineral for high energy density batteries is refined. For its part, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the refinement of the cobalt It is in hands of Chinese companies. They have seen an opportunity. Not everything is extracting, knowing the current situation of the planet have seen an opportunity in recycling. More than two thirds of global growth in battery recycling since 2020 They have taken place in Chinawhich reinforces its leadership even in the final stage of the mineral life cycle. This power, based on sustained investment, low costs and an aggressive industrial policy, makes China not only a dominant supplier, but an actor difficult to replace. The clock against the West. The regions that seek to reduce their dependence, such as the United States and the European Union, have faced financial, regulatory and logistics barriers. In addition, the recent fall in the prices of many critical minerals has discouraged investment, making even more difficult for new actors to enter the market, such as He explained The Wall Street Journal. This has especially affected emerging companies, whose initiatives have been paralyzed by the lack of clear economic signals. The reactions. The United States has issued executive orders to accelerate permits and stimulate internal investment. The European Union has launched its Critical RAW Materials Actdesignating 47 strategic projects that will have priority in financing and authorizations. Both blocks seek to weave alliances with producing countries such as ArgentinaBrazil and Australia, with the intention of building more resilient supply chains. However, even if all these projects were approved today, the tangible benefits would not be seen until the second half of the next decade. The window of opportunity to reduce dependence is narrow; The risk of falling behind is real. The concentration of minerals. According to the IEA86 % of the refined production of key minerals comes from only three countries. In many cases, one: China. More than half of the 20 critical minerals are already subject to some type of export restriction. Since 2023, Beijing has implemented controls on Galio, Germanio, Bismuto, Antimony and various rare earths, many of them essential for electronic, energy and military industries. It brings consequences. These restrictions have caused abrupt price increases and have turned on alarms in governments and companies. The dependence of such a small number of suppliers converts the entire value chain into a fragile system: a climatic catastrophe, a geopolitical crisis or a technical accident is enough to trigger a collapse of the supply. IEA has estimated That a prolonged interruption in the flow of key metals for batteries could make global prices more expensive by up to 50 %. A silent threat. Of all minerals, copper emerges as one of the biggest challenges. Although it is not unusual or new, it is absolutely essential for electrification: it is used in smart networks, electric motors, transformers and loaders. The IEA report He has warned That by 2035 there could be a supply deficit of 30 %, due to the drop in the mineral law, the lack of new discoveries and the high development costs. Unlike lithium – new actors have emerged as Argentina either Zimbabwe-, the copper market It is still concentrated in a few countries and is subject to long regulatory processes. The delay in expanding the offer has direct consequences: without copper there are no cables, and without cables there is no electrification. The bottleneck is not theoretical: it is imminent. The new game of power. In a world that advances towards an electrified economy, critical minerals are no longer one more component: they are the very axis of the energy and technological future. The concentration of its production in a few actors, added to the long development terms and economic barriers, forces countries to act urgently and coordination. The energy security of the 21st century is not played only in the oil wells, but in the tunnels of the mines, the refining ovens and the laboratories of advanced materials. And in this new subsoil geopolitics, time is a resource as scarce as lithium. Image | Pxhere Xataka | China was for decades the largest CO2 issuer on the planet. Renewables are correcting what seemed impossible

They were online sale

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Thousands of freelancers in Spain have seen how their personal data (including their NIF, address or telephone number) circulated With total impunity By business databases, and could be bought by third parties for commercial purposes. A resolution of the Spanish Agency for Data Protection (AEPD) has put a brake on this practice, ordering the mass deletion of the records of these autonomous and the immediate cessation of the commercial use of your data. AEPD warning to the Chamber of Commerce. In A statement From the AEPD, the agency has expressly prohibited the Chamber of Commerce of Spain sharing the personal data of self -employed professionals with companies such as Camedata, reports D&B, Iberinform International and Datacentric. With this measure, the AEPD seeks to protect the right to privacy Of the self -employed stating that the data managed by the Chambers of Commerce have as the sole legal purpose to serve institutional functions as representative public bodies and business promotion, but “it has not been designed as a source of economic advertising or as an open database for other uses” and considers that its commercial use is not collected in the law as a legitimate interest. THE ORIGIN OF THIS DATA. When an autonomous professional begins his activity, he must register in the census of economic activities of the Tax Agency. In that census, data such as the NIF are included, the postal address in which the activity is developed (or its fiscal domicile), as well as contact data. In compliance with Law 4/2014Finance gives access to this data to the Chamber of Commerce, through Camedata, with the aim of using them for the development of statistics and companies to support companies. The problem is that, as they are unipersonal companies, in most cases the postal address, the tax identification number or the contact data of the companies coincide with the personal data of the autonomous. Public access for commercial purposes. The AEPD statement considers proven that private platforms with commercial interests such as D&B, Iberinform Internacional and Datacentric, had access to self -employed data listings, and segmented them by offering them to their respective clients in exchange for economic remuneration. So now, he has ordered the immediate elimination of all the personal information of the self -employed “until they have a basis for legitimation.” According to estimates of the XNET platform, around one million freelancers were at risk of seeing their personal data published and marketed on the Internet. An investigation of more than three years. The complaint that has given rise to this resolution It was presented in 2022 by the XNET Digital Rights Defense Platform. This organization discovered that it was the Chamber of Commerce itself that facilitated the violation of rights to transfer the data of the self -employed to private companies for commercial exploitation without knowledge nor the consent of those affected. Xnet’s investigation showed that, in some cases, the platforms continued to offer self -employed data that had already been discharged, which further aggravated the exposure and risk of exposing the personal data of thousands of people. In Xataka | That they ask us for a copy of the DNI is already usual. This is how the police recommend it before sharing it Image | Chamber of Commerce, UNSPLASH (Rashed Paykary)

Taiwan investors are preparing for hypothetical invasion for China. And they don’t know where to hide

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Donald Trump’s return to the White House has marked a turning point in the relationship held by the US and China. The commercial and technological war between these two powers It comes from afarbut The aggressive policy of tariffs that has deployed, although even in a little consistent way, the US administration has fueled the loop. The tension between countries led by Xi Jinping and Donald Trump is maximum, and Some experts believe That at the current situation the probability that China decides to invade Taiwan is higher than ever. In the 50s of the last century China was a very different country from the current one. He Chinese Communist Party Led by Mao Zedong he had defeated the nationalists who made up the Kuomintang after almost three decades of armed conflict. Imperial power He had disappeared and the country had embarked on very deep structural changes that culminated in the birth of the People’s Republic of China in 1949. The members of the Kuomintang retired to Taiwan that same year, and since then the shadow of the invasion looms over this island. Foreign investors in Taiwan recognize that they do not have a plan B “If an aggression against Taiwan occurs the investment decision becomes binary: either we stay exposed and absorb extreme volatility, or we quickly leave to preserve capital.” These words Steve Lawrence has pronounced themInvestment Director of the Swiss company Balfour Capital Group. From his statement it follows with absolute clarity that foreign investors who have opted for Taiwanese companies do not know how to proceed if there is finally an armed conflict between China and Taiwan. “TSMC is so great that investors’ expectations argue that the US will defend Taiwan. And he will do it strongly” The panorama paints badly. According to Reuters Foreign investors have retired almost 11,000 million dollars from the Taiwan sharing park during this year due to the fear of impact that tariffs on the global economy will have and in the relationship that USA and China support. The government of Joe Biden formalized that if China intervened militarily in Taiwan, the US would respond. However, the administration led by Donald Trump has not yet confirmed whether to defend the island militarily in the hypothetical scenario that China chose to invade it. Anyway, this situation in which instability prevails mainly condition a Taiwanese company: TSMC. This company is The largest semiconductor manufacturer on the planetand, therefore, it is Taiwan’s authentic jewel. In fact, he greatly supports his economy. This company quotes both in the Taipéi stock market and in the New York and the stock market brought the stock market alone at the beginning of this year. “TSMC is so great that the expectations of investors argue that the US will defend Taiwan. And it will do it strongly,” has declared Mikesh DaveInvestment Director of Araval Asset Management, a global arbitration background based in Singapore. Elbridge Colby’s position, one of Donald Trump’s trusted advisors, is aligned with this strategy. This tweet Posted by him In May 2023, it clearly reflects what the policy that defends with the purpose of deterring the Xi Jinping government: “We would be crazy if we allowed us TSMC falls intact to China” According to Gina Raimondothe former Secretary of Commerce, “USA buys 92% of her avant -garde chips from TSMC in Taiwan.” Colby’s tweet that I have mentioned in the previous paragraph suggests that the US should do everything in his hand to prevent China from appropriating the plants that TSMC has in Taiwan. However, during the last two years Colby has not been satisfied with insinuating this idea; He has publicly declared That if China invades Taiwan what the US should do is destroy the TSMC factories and not allow this initiative to fall on the Taiwanese government. Image | TSMC More information | Reuters In Xataka | The US confesses its worst nightmare: if China invades taiwan and controls TSMC the US economy will go to pique

More and more millennial couples embrace the “Divorce of Dream” taboo

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Sleeping together has been an unquestionable symbol of conjugal love for decades. Today it begins to seem rather a convention that is not entirely comfortable for everyone. The idea that a couple must share bed every night no longer seems as obvious or assumed as in the past: rest gains ground to the ritual. What is happening. The call Sleep divorce (or ‘Divorce of sleep’) grows in popularity. It consists of sleeping in beds or even in separate rooms. According to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine43% of Millennials in USA You already practice it occasionally or regularly. In Spain, 40% have considered it, although stigma still weighs. The main motivation? Sleep better. Between the lines. The shared dream is no longer interpreted univocally. For many people, Bad sleep because of the couple —Ronquidos, insomnia, different rhythms – it affects more to the link than sleep separately. The decision usually arises after adaptation attempts or after prolonged episodes of poor rest. It is not so much a breakdown of habits as a readjustment. In perspective. The use of the bed as a symbol of conjugal unit is relatively recent. Historically, the upper classes slept separately, and the shared beds were more a functional resource of the popular classes. Over time, the marriage bed acquired a strong symbolic load … that today is at the beginning of a review. The break begins despite more than the symbol. Misunderstand It is linked A greater irritability, less empathy and more couple conflicts. Interruptions in one tend to drag the other. Faced with this, sleeping separately can offer a practical solution, without necessarily implying link loss or decrease in desire. Yes, but. Not all couples live it the same. In some cases, one of the members accepts reluctantly, for fear that the night distance will also generate an emotional distance. Others fear losing spaces of intimacy or sexual spontaneity. In The countrya woman explains how her partner was the one who proposed to sleep in separate rooms: “At first, I felt fatal. He no longer loves me! I thought.” Only later he lived it as a relief. His testimony reflects a common pattern: when the proposal is not mutual, it can arouse emotional insecurity. BBC World He quotes the psychiatrist Stephanie Collier, who warns that, for many couples who barely coincide during the day, the moment of bedtime is her only intimate space. Separating into that section requires “reconfiguring the moments of connection”, or the night separation could lead to resentment if it is not spoken and agreed. The decision is not always symmetrical or simple. The phenomenon begins to echo out of the domestic sphere. According to the AASM37% of couples prefer separate beds during their stays in hotels. Rest prioritization can change the idea of ​​intimacy in relationships. Image | Clay Banks In Xataka | The close (and far) that we are not sleeping at all: for the first time in history, we have a small way to try

It is a direct bullet to the blue links that restless and excites equal parts

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This year’s google has left us with very interesting pearlsespecially as far as artificial intelligence is concerned. It is clear that Gemini It has been the most important tourist attraction of this year and makes all the meaning of the world. It has been so that the company has completely set aside Android In your most important event. Although of course, for this we already had A separate event With all the news. In addition to all the tests with Project Moohan and the Google glasses with GeminiI have also had the opportunity to try Ai modethe new and revolutionary function with which Google intends to completely transform your search engine. We are no longer facing simple results with some of the above; This is a radical change in the way of looking for information, and it was all that we expected from Google from the AI ​​boom. Finally, the company has decided to take the step and under these lines I tell you what it seemed so far. Google Search makes the leap and transforms completely into a search engine with AI To access AI Mode I had to change my region to the United States through Search Labs, since it is not yet available in Europe. Once the change is made, on the main page of Google, where the “I will be lucky” (may rest), now “ai mode” is now. It will also arrive for mobiles, but I still couldn’t try this aspect. Here instead of typing keywords and get a list of links, now You convers with the search engine as if you’s talking to a person. Image: Xataka During my first searches I tried to determine if Gemini would guess the name of a place I went without me saying anything, but describing what was in the menu. “I don’t remember the name of a restaurant I went in Jaén, but I know there were tacos in the letter. Could you tell me what it was?” I asked him in English (the only language available for now). What I got was not a simple list of establishments, but a complete, contextualized response and with all the relevant information On several restaurants that fit my request. I also tried “I am looking for an economic gym for Madrid that does not exceed 35 euros.” The answer was instantaneous and, most importantly, exactly what I needed: concrete options with details about prices, schedules and valuations, all perfectly organized. Main tab of AI Mode in Search | Image: Xataka Here, logically there is still room for hallucination, so we must be attentive and make a double check. However, for practically all my searches, I found what I was looking for an instantaneous waydetailed and precise. Ai mode is not simply gemini integrated into the search engine. As explained to me on Google, the system uses a technique called “Query Fan-Out”, which Divide your consultation into multiple sub -themes and performs hundreds of simultaneous searches. It is as if you had a researcher working for you at full speed. Image: Xataka This approach allows the search engine deepen the web much more than a traditional searchdiscovering hyperrelevant content for your specific question. The function uses a personalized version of Gemini 2.5which is now integrated into both AI Mode and AI Overviews in the United States. Not only seeks: it also goes to action Image: Xataka The most impressive thing about AI Mode is that it is not limited to informing you, but that It can help you complete tasks from beginning to end. The example of the entries of the reds explained by Google In his blog It is good, because the search engine guides you step by step from options to buy them, including the possibility of filling forms and making payment through Google Pay. This function will be initially available for events, reservations in local restaurants and appointments, with the collaboration of platforms such as ticketmaster, Stubhub or Resy. The control, yes, is still in the user’s hands at all times. Although of course, we still have no details about his arrival in Spain. Search Live: Google Lens’s definitive evolution I also had the opportunity to try Search Live, one of the most surprising novelties. This function allows to interact in real time with the search engine Using the mobile camera, turning Google into a true visual partner. I described it as having a “todologist” at any time to help us in any task. During the demo, I simply pointed to the camera to a shelf full of board games and books, and I could ask directly about what I was seeing. The system identified the objects and offered me detailed information about each one, answering my questions in real time as if I had an expert by my side. Search Live is what Google Lens should have been for years. With the integration of AI, it now makes much more sense and its use is tremendously intuitive. It’s like having a personal assistant who sees what you see And you solve any questions instantly. Deep Search: a group of scientists at your disposal Another promising function that will soon arrive at AI Mode is Deep Search. Is designed for when you need an exhaustive investigation on a topic. It really is something similar to the models of the “deep research”, with the ability to reflect, but available in Search, which combines the search concept in a product with more packaging. As they could explain, Deep Search carries Query Fan-Out technique to the next level, doing hundreds of searches, crossing information from different sources and preparing a full report with references in minutes. It’s like having a team of researchers working for you. The searches will change from here to very little, and there is nothing to stop this train Ai Mode is all we expected from Google when he took a certain traction with the generative AI, something that, so we have seen in the Google … Read more

Despite never winning, England always had to have invented football. It is possible that now not that

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It is not necessary to go very far to know until Where they are capable If some English arrive when what is at stake is the king sport. Just 24 hours ago the Europa League final left in the city of Bilbao Scenes Barbaric that remembered other times with empires in between. Therefore, the last archaeological discovery should put Europe on guard. What would happen if the English discover that in the end they were not the inventors of football? Worse, what would happen if they discovered that they were their neighbors? The invention of football (and its rules). The truth is that the last finding adds to others that have questioned the authorship of the sport of the ball over the English. We have already told it before, the Maya They played footballor something very similar, and the same could be said of China thousands of years ago or of the Florentine calcium (As for the modern rules). Be that as it may, the last of the possible “inventors” is, perhaps, the one that can hurt the English. The friends Scottish They are behind. The beginning: pig. Let’s go with The English theory. For more than a century and a half, the official history of football has been unequivocally of them. The roots of the so -called “beautiful game” have commonly tracked to the chaotic and brutal games of the so -called Mob Football In medieval England, where crowds of peasants pushed and hit collective struggles without clear rules for the control of an inflated pig bladder. Over time, and to order chaos, a young London lawyer written in 1863 The first formal sport regulation, adopted by the Football Associationwhich consolidated England as the recognized cradle of modern football. That narrative, however, has now questioned a Archaeological finding in Scotland that could force to review the symbolic foundations of football as it is known. Mossobin’s field. The discovery, led by Ged O’Brien, founder of the Scottish Soccer Museumand a team of archaeologists of the Archaeology ScotlandIt consists of what could be the oldest organized soccer field: a rectangular extension of flat terrain in an old seventeenth farm in Anwoth, Kirkcudbrightshire. The key, apparently, is in A written letter between 1627 and 1638 by Reverendo Samuel Rutherford, Presbyterian pastor of the local parish, where regretted that his parishioners They played Foot-Ball on Sunday afternoon, instead of attending religious trades. As a deterrent, Rutherford ordered row To prevent matches, what archaeologists interpret as a kind of precarious sign of “forbidden to play.” Physical tests and context. The team excavated and analyzed the terrain, discarding any agricultural or livestock use for the line of stones found, and determined that he dated about 400 years ago. The alignment, the configuration of the field (about 85 x 45 meters) and the documentary evidence supports the hypothesis that there was played there The closest to football regularly and organized. O’Brien insists that this It wasn’t Mob Footballbut a more civilized and recurring version, practiced every Sunday with implicit social rules, such as avoiding excessive violence so as not to prevent players from working the next day. The continuity and function of the field suggest a sports practice with structure and periodicitywhich, if confirmed, would displace southern England as the only legitimate origin of organized football. National pride and shock. No doubt, the reaction from England has not been waiting. Steve Wood, representative of the organization Sheffield Home of Footballhe has responded With skepticismclaiming that you cannot know what type of “foot-ball” was played in Mossobin or establish a direct connection with modern football encoded in 1863. From that optics, the Sheffield FC Foundation In 1857 (recognized by FIFA as the oldest club in the world) it would continue to be the true starting point. But for O’Brien, that attitude is a more manifestation of English chauvinisma subtle way of belittling history and Scottish cultural contributions. “We weren’t too poor or too small or too stupid to play football,” He underlined. “What was played in Mossobin was the grandfather of modern football. And he was Scottish,” he settled. Rewriting a legend. Had the New York Times That, although it is unlikely that this finding immediately replaces the official narrative accepted by global football institutions, its symbolic value is enormous. It offers an alternative look at the evolution of king sport, showing that the impulse of kick A community ball was not a sudden invention of English boarding schools, but a cultural expression more widespread and old of what was believed. If you want also, the dispute goes beyond the pitch: a battle For historical identity of a worldwide phenomenon, in which a small but proud nation demands its place in history books. Thus, in the 21st century, the debate on the origin of football not only faces fans or historians, but becomes a more land between two visions of greatness diametrically opposed within the British islands. That trembles Europe. Image | James Kirkup In Xataka | The Maya played football. And now we know that under the courts they buried a hallucinogenic surprise In Xataka | Bilbao promised them very happy celebrating the final of the Europa League. Until two English teams were classified

There is a clandestine movement of Chinese women reading homosexual erotic literature. And China is repressing it

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Until mid -2024, if you lived in China and wanted to read some literature rise in tone, your reference website was Haiter Literature City. Millions of women wrote and read erotic stories with an incentive: they were starring men. However, at the end of last year, mass arrests of those responsible again condemned the genre to ostracism in the country. Although erotic literature has always had space in China, it seems that it is no longer a country for dirty pages. A libidinous history. Chinese erotic literature It is a genus of long historical tradition: already during the period Han (around 200 BC) circulated didactic manuals on sex, but with literary format of dialogue between the emperor and its tutors. This is the oldest erogetic literature, together with specific works in ancient Egypt, Greece and Rome, And it has always been marked by metaphors and poetic codes of great lyricism. China would not stop producing key works of the genre, such as The persecutive ‘Jin Ping Mei’, of the 16th century. The genre has always shone in China when it has used erotic scenes as an excuse to raise critical and satirical issues. Some of that remains in the current and digital incarnations of the genre, which transcend the mere accumulation of sexual acrobatics. Hurricane Danmei. The stories that present romantic relationships between male characters are known under that name. They are works of women and women: the majority of authors and readers of the genre are, which is born with the seventy sleeves (The famous Yaoiwith which so many features share), which arrived in China illegally translated into Taiwan. This generated a scene of young writers who created their own stories, thus modeling a Chinese adapted identity but very influenced by Japan. With the arrival of the Internet the Danmei became mass and came to see even adaptations to the cinema of some works, although with the high erotic voltage completely domesticated. The digital arrives. The Danmei, more prominent genre At the present time of Chinese eroticism, it experienced an unusual impulse with digital platforms, which allowed not only many authors to professionalize, but also a community of readers. After the almost clandestine circulation in forums, Danmei Digital was consecrated on websites as Jinjiang Literature Cityeven standing with all kinds of genres, although very trimmed in its erotic part Since the end of the last decade. Others relevant websites They are lianchenng readmei chinese web, although the most noticeable, without a doubt, is Haiter Literature City. The case of Haitang Literature City. Also known as Flower Market, she was specialized in erotic literature, and more specifically in Danmei, and had the servers located in Taiwan for run from censorship. It didn’t help him. In June 2024, Chinese authorities deployed an operation that affected dozens of websitesbut Especially afower market: They arrested several authors and distributors of material out of the web for continental China, accused of publishing and profiting with obscene and pornographic content. Flower Market kept financial records of Chinese authors, which facilitated things to the authorities. No one went well. On the one hand, it was clear to what extent censorship and Chinese repression did not stop within its borders: There was no space for the authors of erotic literature and queer. But also, it was clear that the first thing for Haitang Literature City was the business: The platform received criticisms for prioritizing their economic interests, delaying the elimination of accounts and promoting content even after arrests, which put the authors at risk. The lack of protection that they suffered was evident. Censorship in China. Although homosexuality was decriminalized in China in 1997, the explicit representation of its relationships remains under strict surveillance, since pornography is prohibited and the definition of “obscenity” is very vague, which allows the authorities to intervene in very diverse cases, almost unpredictable. Periodically, the Erotic Materus Danmei It has been persecuted and forums and stores with material on the topic on the Internet have been closed. Not a few authors have been arrested in this context, although The best known case is Tianyi’sauthor that in 2018 was sentenced to ten years in prison. Debates and future of gender. This prohibition environment, with cases as recent as the closure of Flower Market and the imprisonment of Tianyi, have generated a climate of suspicion and fear. In this way, the Danmei has become a symbol of political resistance, although its content is not explicitly. Outside China, international platforms such as Archive of Our Own have allowed the genre to be increasingly known and Relevant Danmei works editions in countries like Spain. A fever that hides a very complicated political and social situation. Header | Nguyen Dang Hoang Nu in Unspash In Xataka | Bad Sex: The worst erotic scenes of literature

Bitcoin has just achieved a new historical maximum of $ 110,000 because banking and companies have gone from hating him to love him

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Bitcoin broke the $ 111,000 barrier this Thursday and marked a new record. The difference is that while in other records the reasons had to do with external events, here the growth is mainly due to one thing: the interest of some institutions that for years reneged of this type of investment. 111,878 dollars. A few hours ago, as indicated in Coindesk, a Bitcoin worth 111,878 dollars, a figure never seen before and that seems to confirm that renewed optimism that investors have recovered for this cryptocurrency. A singular recovery. The tariffs announced by Trump affected not only the world bags, but also the cryptocurrencies, which fell significantly. It also happened with Bitcoin, but since they were announced Pauses and exemptionsBitcoin’s growth has been clear. On April 9, it was at $ 76,000, but since then its value has been increased more than 45%. Institutional love. The demand for this cryptocurrency not only comes from cryptoactive funds or traditional sale markets (exchanges): companies and institutions are now becoming large sources of investment and begin to treat BTC as a value reserve. And business. There are several companies that are betting hard on Bitcoin. In fact, some are turning cryptocurrencies into their true focus. The most extreme case is Strategy (formerly Microstrategy), which already has 576.230 bitcoins In his possession (about 63.8 billion dollars), more than 2.5% of all those in circulation. An absolute “whale” of this segment. The ETF work. The approval of the funds quoted in the stock market (ETF) based on Bitcoin has certainly changed the panorama in the United States. These mechanisms open the door for many more investors to enter this financial segment now that it is more “standard”. Analysts such as Jeff Mei, from the BTSE sale market, indicated that growth “will probably continue, especially as more companies go to public markets and ETFs.” JP Morgan will allow Bitcoin to buy. If there has been a denial of Bitcoin, that has been Jamie Dimon. The JPMorgan CEO has renegated for years and other cryptocurrencies, but this week announced that it would allow its customers to buy Bitcoin to the clients of the entity. Of course, he did it by reiterating his skepticism about these assets. In Spain the same is happening. Traditional banking was also reluctant to offer this type of investment, but little by little the entities are offering this possibility. The BBVA has been the last great exampleand the same goes for CaixaBank, which allows it although not proactively. And this may lead to another momenty moment. This striking growth of Bitcoin could have a renewed interest on the part of investors who do not want to lose the train. The Fomo effect (Fear of Missing Out, the “fear of lost it”) is powerful in the financial field, and analysts raise new increases by that upward trend. The evolution of other cryptocurrencies with great market capitalization (billion dollars) has been similar to that of Bitcoin. Even greater, in fact. Data: Coinmarketcap. The rest of the market accompanies. Bitcoin’s evolution is solid in recent weeks, but so is the recovery of other cryptocurrencies that had also fallen remarkably and now have recovered part of the lost. The difference here is Bitcoin is marking historical maximums, but others such as ETH, XRP, Solana or Dogecoin are still far from the values ​​they reached in the past. ETH, for example, reached $ 4,900: it is currently 2,645. In Xataka | A British did not let his album search with Bitcoins in the trash for years: now he considers buying the landfill

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