Year

The curious story of how an eight -year -old girl unwittingly discovered the paintings of the Altamira cave

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A few minutes by car from the precious, fresh and walkable Cantabrian town Santillana del Mar is one of the great national treasures, the Altamira cave. Closed to the public now for obvious reasons, but visited through a recreation made to the millimeter baptized as NeocuevaAltamira retains an impressive collection of Paleolithic paintings, the oldest with more than 30,000 years of history. And like many other great discoveries, we arrive at her by chance. This is its story. Modesto Cubillas. Although the discovery of the Altamira cave has always been involved in a certain controversythe Ministry of Culture of Spain He attributes it To Modesto Cubillas in 1868. The story that Cubillas was hunting when his dog fell through some rocks while chasing a dam. When attending his aid, he met the caverns, to which he did not give greater importance for 1) to be common in the region and 2) be covered with vegetation. The first visit. Cubillas told what he had seen his neighbors, but the thing was there. It was not until 1875 when Marcelino Sanz de Sautuola, naturalist, Spanish prehistoriator and great -great grandfather of Ana Botín (president of the Board of Directors of the Santander Bank), visited the cave for the first time to meet zero units of things that called him attention, beyond black lines to which he did not give importance. Input of the Neocueva that recreates the original entrance | Image: Xataka But yes … Years later, Marcelino attended the Universal Exhibition of Paris in 1878 And there he could see prehistoric objects. How were, how to identify them. Armed with new knowledge, he decided to return to the cave with the little girl María San de Sautuola y Galantehis daughter of only eight years. That was in 1879. The innocent curiosity. While the father was looking for remains at the entrance of the cave, little Maria, motivated by the innate curiosity of a girl of her age, decided to continue forward and enter the gallery. Upon arriving at the bottom, Maria shouted “Look Dad, oxen” while pointing to the roof. They were not oxen, but bison, but the error was normal: the oxen were the shot animals used in the area. Marcelino identified the species represented as the bison, which was then considered extinct in Europe, but did not find bones of the animal in the cave. Given the unusual of the cave, whose realistic paintings extended throughout the roof, thus being one of the most important and large discoveries of the moment, all kinds of debates were generated. From the denialism of discovery to accusations that it had been Marcelino himself who had painted the figures. The years, however, would be right, although this could write rivers and ink rivers. They were not oxen, they were bison | Image: Xataka And he got. The news of the discovery of the paintings soon arrived at the nearby corners. Hundreds and hundreds of people approached the cave carrying, in an entire exercise of irresponsibility as a result of ignorance, candles, candiles, compasses and strings. The visitors took the remains to their home, chopped the ground to find more and the cave began to deteriorate. Thus, Marcelino Sanz de Sautuloa decided to place a wooden door on the hole that made the entrance. Puerta that paid from his own pocket and after obtaining the authorization of the village of Vispieres, headlines of the cave. In return, he invited them to a snack that took place, curiously, inside Altamira. In the lower image the signed document can be seen and the promise of making a snack. Later, in 1880, the wooden door was changed to an iron fence and a guard was appointed. Authorization signed by the neighbors to put a wooden door at the entrance of the cave | Image: Xataka Entrance is not the original. An important note: the hole that was covered with a fence was not the original entrance. The great mouth of the cave where the inhabitants of Altamira made life collapsed 13,000 years ago. That entry remained covered until its discovery in 1869. Thanks to the stability of the inner atmosphere, the paintings have been able to preserve well for millennia. The current entrance was built in 1927 and the closest to the original mouth is the entrance to the Neocueva. THE VISITS PROBLEM. Returning to La Cueva, in 1910 the City Council of Santillana del Mar created a conservation and defense board of the cave that, back in 1917, allowed the visit with a guide. In 1924 he was declared a National Monument and the rest can be imagined. The number of people who accessed the cave increased more and more, being the 60s and 70s the most dangerous. Only in 1973 more than 174,000 people accessed inside. Such was the influx of people who, after a study and A debate that reached the Congress of DeputiesIn 1977 he closed. Panoramic roof of the Altamira cave | Image: Xataka Closed. Altamira closed its doors until 1982, when it was reopened with a limited capacity of 8,500 people a year. The interest of the people valued the idea of creating a visitable replica, something that happened in 2001 with the Neocueva located in the newly opened National Museum and Research Center of Altamira. In 2002, the cave closed the public again Waiting for impact studies. It would be reopened in February 2014 and until August of that same year, admitting five people per day for 37 minutes to study the impact of possible visits. The sign. It is not known what it means, but dates from 36,000 years ago | Image: Xataka The hand. 22,000 years old | Image: Xataka The rampant horse. 22,000 years old | Image: Xataka The goat. It is a pyrenaic goat (it is known by the horns). 18,000 years old | Image: Xataka Standing bison. 18,500 years old | Image: Xataka The deer. It is curious, because the belly is about a … Read more

Having more security in your company during a whole year costs less than 6 euros per month with Kaspersky

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Computer attacks are the order of the day everywhere. It is difficult to maintain the safety of our devices aware, but we are already used to using tools such as VPN. Now, it is even more important to raise security if we have a company, since customer data also come into play. A good cybersecurity solution for companies is Kaspersky with its Small Office Security: a year can leave us from 76.95 euros. And that’s not all, because with the Afbiz code we will have an additional 10%discount. Kaspersky Small Office Security – 1 year * Some price may have changed from the last review An affordable cybersecurity option and available to everyone This Kaspersky Small Office Security (or Ksos) package is a most interesting quality-price option. Thanks to the same and for very little money, we will be able to have An extra security layer for our company. The package includes many interesting and easy -to -use tools, so it is a safety software for companies that are worth having in the radar. Another point that stands out of ksos is how easy it is to install and use. It is not necessary to go to any expert to configure them, since it is a very intuitive software. In addition, it not only serves for PCs, but also We will be able to use it on Mac and Android devices. Now, what tools does Ksos include? With this solution of Kaspersky we will have software that protects us from possible attacks Phishingas well as a password and documents manager, an antivirus and even a VPN. Everything together forms a very complete pack that also has a price that we cannot consider expensive if we take into account that it serves more than one team. In fact, the price will depend on two different factors: the number of years we hire the service and the number of different users who can use the tool. As we have said above, the cheapest option is priceless now 76.95 euroswhat will give us A year of service for up to 3 different users. Everything without forgetting that we can further lower the price if we use the Afbiz code. Some of the links of this article are affiliated and can report a benefit to Xataka. In case of non -availability, offers may vary. Images | Microsoft 365 in Unspash In Xataka | Wi -Fi, configuration fund guide: everything you have to know to improve your connection In Xataka | These are the two things I recommend doing if you want to improve the safety of your accounts and you are not sure how to start

Each year is needed more

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Every year, the goal of reaching Rico’s status seems to get a little more for most mortals. The gene generation, the youngest in join the labor market and to start being economically independentis the one that best understands this new economic scenario. Living comfortably costs more than ever. According to data from the ‘Modern wealth survey 2025‘Prepared by the consultant Charles Schwab to more than 2,200 Americans, to have a accommodated situation an American would need about $ 839,000, a figure far greater than the $ 778,000 that were needed in 2024 or the 624,000 dollars that were needed in 2021 to live quickly. This constant increase demonstrates that financial stability is an objective every time more difficult to achieve. These figures refer to having a accommodated financial situation, but the threshold to be considered rich It moves away every year from the rise of the six figures, and every year that passes it becomes more difficult to reach that status. The richness threshold also rises. To be considered rich in the United States, it is no longer enough to exceed one million dollars. In fact, according to Study data Charles Schwab need 2.3 million dollars to be considered a rich person. In 2021, 1.9 million dollars were needed to reach this status. Although this figure represents a slight moderation with respect to the 2.5 million dollars that were required in 2024, it remains a very high bar for the majority of the population. This change reflects that the perception of wealth is dynamic and responds to both economic factors and social expectations. The money needed to feel rich varies, but the general trend is still upward driven by factors such as inflation, the deterioration of the economy or the increase in fiscal pressure. Beyond money: What does it mean to be rich? The survey also reveals that money is not the only factor to feel rich. 45% of respondents claimed that money was nothing if it was not accompanied With personal happiness. In the end, the popular saying that Money does not give happiness. In addition, 37% of respondents said that the feeling of wealth should be accompanied by physical health, and 32% highlighted the importance of mental health to fully enjoy their heritage. When asking those who are already considered millionaires, 83% of them feel rich in terms of personal relationships and happiness, while 81% consider that an important part of their wealth is to have enough free time to enjoy it. Generational differences regarding money. The perception of what it means to be accommodated varies greatly according to the generation that is asked. For the Young people from generation Z$ 329,000 are enough to feel economically accommodatedwhile for the Baby Boomers the threshold amounts to 943,000 dollars. Millennials are considered accommodated with $ 847,000 and generation X with $ 783,000. The Z generation, accustomed to austerity, is the one that demonstrates Best planning of your goals Financial 39% of these young people have an established financial plan and 43% of them have at least thought about it. In contrast, 45% of babyboomers have not even thought about it, and only 26% have planned their financial future. In Xataka | The Z generation is facing precarious salaries and triggered rentals: it will soon be the richest generation in history Image | Unspash (IGAL Ness)

Two 19 -year -old kids put Spanish national security with a bot and a telegram channel. The reason: they bored themselves

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It happened a few days ago. The National Police had arrested two young people by the Data filtration of Pedro Sánchez and other high positions of the State. A massive filtration that, In police wordsis a “very serious threat to national security.” Behind all this there is no large group of perfectly coordinated hackers, only two 19 -year -old Canarian kids and a bot that they sold on Telegram. @Akkaspace and @pakito. They are the nicks of the two authors of the filtration. Yoel (Akkaspace), the main responsible, is a computer student and was arrested at his home on July 1. Next to him also stopped Pakito (Cristian), who was aware of his friend’s activities and would have participated in helping him promote them. Yesterday July 3 They were releasedalthough they are being investigated for an alleged crime of terrorism and will have to appear in the played twice a month. A bot. It is the tool they have used to extract the data. The bot was in charge of tracking previously compromised databases. That is, they have taken advantage of existing vulnerabilities in companies and institutions. In Declarations to Eldiariosecurity expert Rafael López, says they have used OSINT, OR INTELLIGENCE OF OPEN SOURCESand it has not been a hacking as such. Yoel himself said in an interview he gave on Twitch with his face covered: With a bot that I have, with which I have taken everything basically. I take databases, Indexo, and people, if you buy the bot, searching for a full name, a phone number or a ID, you can access all the information. This is how I have done politicians. Filtration. The investigation began weeks ago in Telegram. @Akkaspace and @pakito used a channel with more than 90,000 members to start spreading personal data from public figures, although later they were closed and used other more minority channels. In the beginning it only affected seven personalities, but little by little they were filtering more data, getting to involve the president of the Government himself. The data contained in the filtration includes birth dates, telephones, ID numbers and even homes, although some were apparently outdated. Motivation. “We are two boring kids,” said Yoel on Twitch, which denies that there is an ideological motivation behind the filtration. “And as the issue of corruption is being uncovered lately, why don’t we get the information from those politicians and publish it? It is a lesson,” he said. Although it is not clear what led him to filter the data, everything indicates that there would be an economic motivation. Yoel sold the databases and the bot itself with which it extracted the data, which it charged in Bitcoins. An undercover agent. This is how they hunt. The National Audience car includes that an undercover agent “has managed to buy from the investigated access to the database that sold for 60 euros that have been paid in Bitcoins. “The second investigated, Cristian or @Pakito would be in charge of managing the cryptocurrency portfolio where they received the payments, although it has not transcended how much they won. Images | National Police in X In Xataka | Alcasec is not any youth hacker: he set up a Spanish criminal infrastructure that even had customer service bot

As every year, Julio has arrived. And as every year, they are bombarding you with memes from Julio Iglesias

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Julio arrives, like every twelve months. But not only the month of 31 days, the hard core of summer next to August. Julio Iglesias’s theme memes also arrive: you Instagram, your xquite possibly your family WhatsApp groups are filled with memes full of words games between Julio Iglesias and the month of July. An unavoidable annual phenomenon, fully immersed in the long tradition of seasonal memes. It could be said that Julio is Christmas for the devotees of the massive shipments of chascarrillos. The Julio phenomenon in July. A little over a decade ago, Internet users perceived that Julio Iglesias was called as the seventh month of the year. After some simple first memes, which are still repeated every year when summer is approaching (“Julio is already coming”, “Julio is coming” …), the custom became a more viral phenomenon. The possibilities, of course, are endless. There are a few examples: Memes for stations. The compilations can be almost infinite, such as the patience that they demand that they are in a dissemination channel of the July memes, because the word games and the subtlety of the messages can become chilling. However, there is a clear origin for this phenomenon: seasonal memes that sprout and multiply at certain times of the year. The best known and celebrated case is “Sam Va Lentín” Sprinkle me, Mr. Frodo. Originally conceived as an wiring word game with pop wink included, “Sam Va Lentín” became a tailor’s drawer Much more sophisticated than July. Thanks to him we have been able to contemplate variants of the original template as crazy as “Sam goes to Latin”, “Samba Lenín” or “Sam Ventolín”. In addition, unlike the July memes, it is focused on one day, on February 14, Valentine’s Day. Christmas Christmas. Christmas is another time sown for memes: we spend a lot of family and looking at the mobile, culture broth very appropriate for “sending all contacts.” For example, remember the “We have just run out of dinner”classic subgenre “People pulling family meals on the ground” and who have innumerable examples with Valencian paellas, but here in Christmas format. It is a tradition that every Christmas Eve the networks are filled with kitchen soils full of all kinds of food and assemblies always respecting the iconic phrase. He was born in 2015 on Twitter, in the post you can see below. Another example: the phrase “my mother today: can you serve?”, Always accompanied by a pop diva giving the chest or walking along the stage, and that plays with the confusion between “serving the table”, so typical of the family dinners, and “serve pussy” as a diva. “We have just run out of dinner”: Origins WhatsApp is the road. Many of these memes, but especially that of Julio Iglesias, find their dissemination path through WhatsApp groups: An image exchange zone where there is some familiarity among the participants, so there is a minor posture or need to appear than in other social networks. A little facebook style, social network converted into Sexagenarios redoubtWhatsApp is still atomic refuge for boomer humor, and it is in those areas where memes like July flourish. An explanation for success. In addition to the fact that we all like to feel that we are part of a community and that we are sharing an experience, however banal that is, there is something of natural, not forced to expand these memes, and that The Internet community appreciates. Bombarded daily by prefabricated memes, for campaigns that try to be the next viral phenomenon, the naturalness of the July memes or Sam Va Lentín speak Not only shared experiences (We all live in summer, we have all seen ‘The Lord of the Rings’, we all know what Valentine is), but also of the possibility of turning those experiences into something tangible, real … and enviable to our contact agenda. In Xataka | Eight years later, Spain is still hooked to see Simón Pérez and Silvia Charro shattered life live

How a handful of producers save the industry every year

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‘Father there is only one 5‘He has razed at the box office. Santiago Segura does not abandon the extraordinary streak of his saga of family films and in his first weekend in Salas he has exceeded his main competitor, ‘F1, the film’, with Brad Pitt. Its accumulated box office touches 1.9 million but if we add its data since Thursday the global reaches 2.4 million euros. That is, with only a few days in his poster, he is already the fourth highest grossing of the year, advancing ‘the infiltrated’. Although Spanish cinema, according to 2024 data Published by Comscorelive a certain phase of stagnation (the figures are good, but they do not grow significantly from one year to another), the truth is that there are more films than ever. It is no longer strange to see national blockbusters that occasionally rival Hollywood’s productions. And taquillazos or not, the number of Spanish films in the cinemas is overwhelming: in 2024 558 films were released, of which 342 were premieres and the rest or films released in 2023 that still remained on the poster or re -restrenes. The result is 35 Spanish films more than in 2023. A simple calculation leads us to an average of seven Spanish films a week Just telling news. In Spain a lot of cinema occurs. This report also detects a certain collection stagnation: 82.2 million, practically identical to the 82.7 million of 2022. In the short term there is hardly any ascending evolution: in 2019, for example, it was around 92 million. In the medium term, it has experienced a remarkable increase: in 2013, more than a decade ago, 70.1 million were collected. What has not been reached is the pre-pandemic figures between one point and another, where 100 million often exceeded, as happened in years such as 2014 (131.8 million), 2015 (111.7 million), 2016 (110 million), 2017 (103.7 million) and 2018 (100 million). That is why Spanish cinema Espabile in terms of box office is expected to return to those figures. The sum of stagnant collection and fired production leads us to Another phenomenon: box office concentration in a few titles. The five highest bullfighting Spanish films in 2024 raised almost 44% of everything collected by Spanish cinema. If we expand the focus, the twenty highest grossing accumulate 80%. So it is normal that we can talk about a series of proper names, producers and producers that, in some way, are those who “hold” Spanish cinema: many of them are known by notorious box office hits, but they also finance more calls to be niche, to collect much less or move by alternative circuits. It was not the case of ‘The infiltrated‘, one of the most notable surprise successes of 2024: its producer María Luisa Gutiérrez surprised to collect the Goya for Best Film dedicating part of His speech to his partner Santiago Segura. We are going to review some of those outstanding producers of the Spanish industry, which produce commercial box office successes and also reinvute in smaller products. Many of them are also “patron” of a less profitable cinema which is the one that really fattens these premieres figures beyond the handful of annual blockbusters. Not everyone moves by these parameters exactly, so we analyze case by case. Note: We have dispensed with this list of very relevant producers of the world of television and streaming, since they leave our object of analysis of the producers that “support” the film industry, although the transfer of directors, screenwriters and performers is increasingly common between cinema and television. Similarly, some of the pictures with figures can call an error, since pure box office collections are reflected in front of budgets, not counting the subsidies that the films receive and that, without them, can throw negative balances. What undoubtedly gives much more merit to the positive numbers of producers such as safe, benito or rock. Santiago Segura Graph: Javier Lacort Like your cinema or not, it is the main value of Spanish cinema. In 2024, ‘Father there is only one 4 ‘raised 13.4 million euroswith almost 2.2 million viewers. The previous deliveries were always the highest grossing of their respective years of premiere, and safe has been accompanying them with other similar formula productions, such as’ to every train. Asturias destination ‘, the highest grossing film of 2021. But also, its producer Bowfingerwhich has together with the aforementioned María Luisa Gutiérrez, also produces very different films, such as ‘La Infiltrada’, which despite its modesty became the second highest grossing Spanish film of 2024, with 8’1 million euros. In addition to another family comedy, ‘The Beneston family’ and its four million euros, Bowfinger has raised 31% of the Spanish cinema box office in 2024. The work of Bowfinger also crystallizes in the production of films not only away from the family style of safe films, but from a more independent cut: evening’. The Javis Perhaps the most media producers of the moment, and in which it is complex to distinguish between more commercial and author pieces, since they all imprisoned their unequivocal personal seal. The most personal and ambitious normally direct them (‘Paquita Salas’, ‘Veneno’, ‘The Messiah’). In its producer Sum Contentalways under an unequivocal global author style, they accommodate other more modest and more limited rains (‘Terror and Fair’, ‘Cardo’, ‘A Christmas with Samantha Hudson’, ‘Dressed in blue’). Although most of their productions are for television and streamingwe have included them in this list for their media relevance and constant work with dynamics and authors from cinema. Belén Atienza One of the most relevant producers of the current Spanish scenario, popular especially for its association with Juan Antonio Bayona, in whose productions he has collaborating since the director’s debut, ‘The orphanage’. Theirs are indisputable successes, also internationally, such as ‘the impossible’, ‘Jurassic World: the fallen kingdom’, ‘A monster comes to see me’, and the recent ‘The Snow Society’, with a smaller collection but smaller but more reduced but Still notable for having released in a … Read more

No one seemed to want an electric Rolls-Royce of 400,000 euros. Until the 35 -year -old rich arrived

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Although some brands have launched to this technology, the luxury sector seemed to be turned to the electric car. Except for exceptions, such as the Porsche Taycan during its first years for sale, technology has not finished curdling in the market. There are multiple examples that demonstrate it and that touch all sticks. From Mercedes Eqs failurewho is The most advanced car of the German company, to the Rimac Nevera to whose owner It is costing to place its electrical supercardespite being a limited unit, ensuring that policies to favor the electric car are dynamiting these acquisitions. From these contact shots between luxury brands they have been learning in rival companies. So, Lamborghini has delayed its first electric car at 2029 and Bentley also stopped development of this technology when considering that demand did not compensate. But what if they were pointing to the wrong customer? An electric for younger millionaires Another of the companies that have opted for the total electrification of their models has been Rolls-Royce. The brand has in the Specter Its first electric car, a beast of 5.45 meters long, 2.08 meters wide and almost 3,000 kg. Its battery of more than 100 kWh promises 520 kilometers of autonomy with a consumption of 21.5 kWh/100 km, so we can expect a real figure that is much closer to a brief 350 kilometers. All with a starting price of 400,000 euros. Starting, we say, because we already know that the possibilities of customization are almost infinite in this type of vehicles … provided that the pocket is willing to pay it. In summary, the car has absolutely everything so that the millionaires flee from it. Or, at least, we thought. Because in The Drive They explain that the car has found a faithful audience: 35 -year -old millionaires. Jon Colbeth, president of Rolls-Royce in North America, explained that the Specter is the first car of the brand for 40% of buyers. And, in that list of new customers, the average age is 35 years. That is, about half of the customers who have the luxury car are new and very young, a reef for the future. The journalist of The Drive He points out that in the same interview event, various vehicles of the firm were exposed and that they had the most striking colors. “They were not grandfather or queen cars (from England), “explains Jerry Perre in the article. And that is precisely one of the keys to success.” New technology, new materials, new designs, everything plays its role, “explains Colbeth. The search for new customers and, above all, younger customers is being incessant by luxury companies that were clearly focused on elderly millionaires such as Rolls-Royce itself. Hence, in recent months we have been surprised with limited editions of the most striking, such as This 490,000 Specter that boasted a violet paint. The Rolls-Royce movement, but even more risky and groundbreaking, is the same as is tried to do jaguar. The British company has decided to break its past, press the Reset button and focus on ultralujo cars trusting that electrical technology can attract a young audience that flees from the boring designs that have been triumphing in this type of cars for years. And the announcement of your new brand image is the best example. Photo | Rolls-Royce In Xataka | While the European automobile industry is bleeding, a brand has found a gold mine: Rolls-Royce and its tuned cars

In return, the salary rises up to 42,000 euros a year

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Last May, Denmark agreed extend retirement age ordinary up to a minimum of 70 years due to the increase in the life expectancy of the population. At the same time, the politicians who approved that measure enjoyed a life pension for the simple fact of having occupied a seat in folketing (Danish Parliament) for at least one year. The difference in criteria was so overwhelming, that Danish politicians have had no more alternative to cut their own privileges and eliminate that regulation. Golden Retirement for politicians. To date, the Danish legislation established that, with a single year of public work as a parliamentarian, the politician acquired the right to collect a life pension of some 35,000 monthly crowns. That is equivalent to about 4,692 euros per month until the end of their days. Unlike the rest of the population that before the reform could be withdrawn at age 67, the Danish parliamentarians were allowed retire at 60 years. Taking into account that According to dataFrom the OECD, the life expectancy of Denmark is 82 years on average, leads Danish politicians to charge a generous pension for about 22 years. Everything, for a single year of public service. Reforms for the one who comes behind. After the reform applied in the law that regulates the Viability of the pension systemeight parliamentary groups have agreed to sign a great pact with which these life pensions are revoked with 81 votes in favor and 21 against. The measure carried above the table Since 2016. However, politicians have decided that the measure will apply for the first time to the politicians who are chosen from the next elections, so future parliamentarians will adopt the “Almindelig Arbejdsmarkedspension” (normal labor market pension). Those who have already acquired that right providing their service in this legislature maintain their life pension, so the absolute purpose of the measure will not be achieved until 2090. “Our agreement makes the whole system much more understandable to citizens and, therefore, also guarantees greater acceptance,” He affirmed the leader of the parliamentary group Leif Lahn. More cuts … In addition to the cuts planned in the life retirement of the parliamentarians, the agreement also contemplates reduce the “compensation for dismissal“That those politicians who are not re -elected receive. Currently, deputies receive their full salary for two years after the end of their parliamentary work, while ministers and senior government charges receive three years of salary at the end of their legislature. With the new measure, this compensation is trimmed at one year of salary for all. According to They published Danish media, it is estimated that, with this agreement, the Danish coffers will save 20% in the expenses allocated to the members of folketing and the government team. Which is about 4.02 million euros. … and more increases. The change puts an end to the “golden” pension system and the Danish parliamentarians will be governed by the same labor regulations as the rest of the country’s workers, and will contribute 18.07% of their salary to the state pension fund, and will receive that same percentage of their salary for pension. However, such and As they point out from Dr. The cut in parliamentary pensions brings a large asterisk: politicians will receive a salary increase in return. Thus, future deputies will receive 948,000 crowns per year (about 127,090 euros) to 1,080,000 crowns (about 144,780 euros to change). A general increase of almost 18,000 a year. Salary increase for the Government. The salary increase will also affect the highest levels of the government. For the ministers, the rise will go from the 1,702,000 crowns per year (228,150 euros per year) currently charged by the Prime Minister, to 2,016,000 crowns (270,241 euros) that will charge in the following legislature. That is, an annual increase of 42,000 euros. For the positions of greater responsibility in the government, the salary will go from 1,920,000 crowns (257,386 euros) to 2,481,000 crowns (332,591 euros per year). In Xataka | If your dream is to retire at age 52 with 100% of the pension, Spain offers you a road: a high -risk job In Xataka | There is a man who has been working for the same company for 86 years. And you have no plans to retire Image | Unspash (Hannah Thiel), Flickr (News Oresund)

A year ago Catalonia decided to start regulating her rentals. Now it has something that seemed impossible: lower prices

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In a context marked by the Price climbingrecord rents and a real estate market that Start nonsense With the costs prior to the 2008 brick crisis, Catalonia wanted to break yesterday with the bullish rhetoric. Their rentals are going down. And quite clear in addition. In the region as a whole, the leases cost today, on average, 4.7% less that a year ago, a decrease that reaches 8.9% If we talk about Barcelona. With that data, the Generalitat wants to breastfeed by the First year of price regulation in the 140 tension municipalities in which the Housing Law applies. What happened? That the Generalitat of Catalonia has just done something unusual in real estate information in recent years: to use a negative sign to talk about prices. According to The data broken down By the Minister of Territory and Housing, Sílvia Paneque, the average lease It has been cheaper In the region as a whole and, in a special way, in those municipalities in which the price regulation was applied a year ago under the protection of the state law Housing How much has it dropped? The information handled by paneque is based mainly on the Bail deposits And it shows the “photo” of the Catalan real estate market throughout the first quarter of the year, which allows analyzing how prices have evolved between the beginning of 2024 and 2025. Its first conclusion is that the whole of Catalonia the middle rent has experienced a year -on -year fall of 4.7%. If we look concretely in the 140 municipalities that declared tension markets in March 2024 And in which, therefore, prices were allowed to regulate in certain cases, the descent is somewhat more pronounced: reaches 4.9%. The big surprise leaves her specifically Barcelona. There the average cost of rentals has collapsed several more points, to mark an annual fall of the 8.9%. And how do contracts evolve? That is the second surprise that has left paneque. The counselor ensures that this price drop has not arrived accompanied by a contraction of the Catalan rental market. Moreover, according to your data in the first quarter of 2025, the number of lease contracts in force in the region has increased by 3,112. “It continues to grow, which tells us that the rental park increases,” defended The leader. He release Shared by the Generalitat does not allow, yes, to assess whether the rhythm of the new leases has risen or down the last year. What the counselor clarifies is that “a large part” of the contracts that were already in force have lengthened. Or what is the same, moves are reduced. The country Precise that in the tensioning municipalities the new contracts have decreased by 22%. How do you interpret the data? “We believe that the clarification in the contracts has helped to have these good data that allow us to say that there are 11,807 more homes for rent than a year ago,” celebrate The head of Housing, who points out that the majority (7,865 contracts) are concentrated in the 140 municipalities declared tension in 2024. In the Barcelona case, during the first quarter of 2025 the total number of rental homes has increased by 423. “There are 1,202 more households for rent than a year”, Apostille The Generalitat. Why is it important? Because beyond the implications it has for the Catalan real estate market and, specifically, the landlords and tenants of the region, the data presented by Paneque shows the practical effects of the regulation of rentals and the application of the housing law released to In March of 2024. Generalitat herself wanted to emphasize a message whose interest transcends its borders. After all, Catalonia was The only community that applied the law. “The data are good and show us that containment and legislative and regulatory measures help to guarantee the right to housing on this road until reaching a public park of 15%,” insisted The counselor of the branch. Are the first data known? No. Paneque is not the first to slide that idea. In Marchwhen an exact year of the application of the rental price index in 140 municipalities of Catalonia, Minister Isabel Rodríguez already claimed that the data in the region showed that “the Housing Law works”. By then the fall of the amount of leases in Catalonia it was 3.3%. In the city, the decrease reached 6.4%. Is it all positive? No. On Tuesday, Generalitat himself shared data that show a seasonal rental boom, a formula that is normally agreed for periods below the year and It allows to dodge The norm. If in 2019 it represented just 2.1% Of the rental floors announced in Barcelona, ​​in 2023 it already meant 14.4%. And the information revealed yesterday by Paneque suggests that they have gained weight in the community real estate market. The data handled by the Generalitat shows that 2,242 contracts Temporary of the first quarter of 2024 has passed, during the same period of 2025, to 3,415. In other words: the formula has experienced has increased considerable, from 52%, in just one year, gaining weight among the new contracts. During the first three months of last year, 6.1% of the new agreements signed in Catalonia were adjusted to that temporary modality. At the start of 2025 they already represented 11%. Aware of that accelerated boom, the Generalitat It has been proposed Limit prices in those seasonal rentals that have residential use, a decision that the Generalitat creates more justified than ever. And the rest of the contracts? The counselor He celebrated yesterday That the new regulatory framework and price regulation offer more stability to tenants by now having the great less incentive to get their homes to the rental market. “We are seeing that a large part of the contracts in force are extending their duration, which translates into the reduction of extinguished and, therefore, in greater stabilization,” Highlight. His statement is however some nuances. Shortly after the new regulation in the 140 Catalan municipalities … Read more

How to manufacture five million tires every year

by

Between the Plaza Mayor of Valladolid and the Bibendum roundabout there are 4.1 kilometers and thousands of distance lives. Exactly those who work, have worked or work at the Michelin factory in the city of Pisuerga who, Like Renaultis one of the great engines of the city. The union with the city is so great that “in fact, the idea of ​​calling Bibendum Glorieta at the entrance of the factory left the City Council. We had a generic name of industrial polygon. We wanted to change it and they themselves proposed the name,” they point to us from the company whose doors proudly look its famous Pet in a gigantic size. And it is that 2,200 workers pass every day (almost 1,700 of them are part of the workforce and another 500 work in maintenance or cleaning, among other functions) that keep the plant to full performance, with three eight -hour shifts that keep alive an annual production of five million tires. The objective is clear: fill the 50 trucks that come out every day. Valladolid is not one more factory for the company. It is one of the so -called “digital factories” for the high investment that has been made in all types of systems to carry out a controlled production to the extreme. This investment is manifested in the machinery that gives life to gums for cars, trucks and tractors that are manufactured there but also for the control of the entire assembly line. It is there, exactly, where our visit begins. A control tower We could say that the Valladolid machine room is the opposite of what we could imagine. The Castellanoleonese plant moves to the rhythm of two operators that supervise everything that happens locked in an office. By hand they have two computers with multiple monitorson the wall the screens are multiplied with cameras distributed throughout the facilities, colored notices of all kinds and a volume of numbers, names and information for profane eyes. Our guide points to a side wall in which we had not repaired given the communicative epilepsy we had in front of us. Simply, lines and bulbs. This worked before and thus still controls the management of the inventory or the situation of the machines in some plants. Valladolid, they explain to us, have some of the most advanced control and supervision systems and, in fact, have worked to implement some of the solutions in other plants of the company. The intention is clear: all unforeseen must be controlled at the time for the production chain to stop the minimum and essential. From a breakdown to the shortage of a product. We leave that luck of control tower to put the feet on the mainland. In front we have the compounds that give life to a rubber. They are so simple that they look like a children’s game. Rubber, a metallic ring, the fabric that structures the wheel and the rolling band. So simple that it seems a lie that we talk about a product capable of resisting the force exerted by a car that rolls more than 100 km/h, a truck that transports tons of merchandise or a tractor that, with the agricultural tires More advanced, it can circulate at 80 km/h. “In the United States it is legal for a large tractor to circulate at that speed.” What is unthinkable here “creates a problem when thinking about how to face wear. So we have a system so that, from the tractor itself, the tire pressure is increased so that a smaller surface touch the ground when it moves through the asphalt. And, on the contrary, you can lower the pressure to gain trace when it gets into the field,” they explain. This way of working, without leaving from the tractor cabin, is a solution like the one that They use the pilots in the Dakar Rally That, from inside the car, they put pressure if they want to gain speed on a fast track or remove it if they need to cross a dune since it requires greater contact with the ground to have greater traction capacity. From the rubber to the road This is the key to everything. With the hand, our guide holds the tire rubber. “Each rubber has its own mixture and is secret,” they point to us. It is about making the most balanced rubber for each vehicle and moment. Not only is it a matter of offering the best grip, you also have to get the slightest rolling resistance (lower consumption) or less noise. And those concepts are enemies of braking, traction and, of course, performance. Join those Three pillars In a single tire is the biggest challenge, prioritizing with each type of product one or another game. For example, a Michelin Primacy 5the tire that we have come to know and that is designed for great general performance and good behavior in summer, that a Michelin CrossClimatedesigned to replace the chains in case of Nevada, or a Michelin Pilot Sportfor sports driving. The heart of each has its own mixture of ingredients (they add up to 200,000 tons of rubber per year). And that mixture enters through a machine that is in charge of flattening and shaping the compound. The mixture is heated, flattened and forms the heart of the tire. That already ironed rubber is painted with brands to facilitate the subsequent process management. As if it were a very long plasticine without principle or end, the machines are cutting into strips and barrels serve to generate the rounded shape. This is where the metallic ring and textile meshes are inserted in charge of structuring and supporting the vehicle pressures. The heavier, the greater the resistance the mesh should exert, so in the specific models for SUV or electric cars, two meshes are usually included. Finally, everything is covered with a last layer that will form the rolling band. This is drawn in the process of Vulcanizedat which time the tire … Read more

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