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China showed the world an indecent amount of unpublished artillery. But the most advanced weapons remained hidden

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Yesterday We enumerate And we draw the Route of China in the field of military arsenal during the parade that commemorated the 80th anniversary of the victory over Japan and the end of World War II. As We countthe message was quite clear and forceful, showing a part of the power achieved by the popular liberation army in its accelerated modernization. However, more than one AS was left in the sleeve. The hidden power. Some of those developments that have not already showed them here, others not so muchbut everyone has something in common: they are the most advanced weapons of the nation, hence their concealment in public light. Many of them remain in secret because they are still in the development phase, for their strategic sensitivity or because they cannot be exhibited in an event of these characteristics. What was seen in the Tiananmén Square was just a fraction of the real capacity of the Chinese Armed Forces, which in parallel develop disruptive technologies with deep implications for the future war. Aviation and “the” electromagnetic. We have treated it. China is testing site generation fighters, provisionally known as J-36 and J-50that after their inaugural flights they have continued in the trial phase, and whose level of sophistication remains under strict secrecy. Similarly, prototypes of Riel and coil cannonscapable of intercepting hypersonic and ballistic missiles at low cost, they are too limited in size and are restricted to large ships, making it impossible for their deployment in a terrestrial parade. The reusable space vehicle is also hidden, in Tests since 2020an analogous platform to the American X-37b which can remain months in orbit and meet classified military missions. Furtive hunt J36 What we did not see of naval power. Naval modernization has been central since the last parade of 2019, with the launch of the Fujian aircraft carriersthe construction of Future Type 004and the amphibious assault ships Type 075 and Type 076. To these is added the development of Strategic Submarine Type 096which will reinforce maritime nuclear deterrence in the next decade. None of these platforms can roll through Tiananmén, although some of its weapons and aircraft systems could be shown. Tests with an electromagnetic rail cannon Cyberdefense and Digital War. The PL considers cyberdefense one of the pillars of its national security. Since the creation in 2015 of the Strategic Support Force and, in 2024, of the new Cyberspace ForceChina has centralized intelligence, cyber attack operations and critical infrastructure defense. Although the parade It included winks To these “new forms of combat”, the authentic arsenal of cyber -cyberms and offensive capabilities, what is doubtful, will remain hidden, leaving in the shadow the true magnitude of Chinese digital operations. New furtive combat apparatus in the test phase in China AI and autonomous systems. Artificial intelligence integration is a strategic priority. The Pla Work in algorithms To process real -time combat data, optimize logistics and maintenance, and generate training scenarios. Attack and recognition drones as the GJ-11the Wing Loong and The Rainbow They already incorporate autonomous navigation, recognition of objectives and coordination with other platforms. Although some of these devices will be shown, their algorithmic “brain” will remain invisible to the public. Drone Rainbow prototype Nuclear deterrence. China deployed Intercontinental Balistic missiles and strategic bombers as a gesture of strength, but the true pillars of their nuclear deterrence did not come to light. The command, control and communications systems, designed to resist a first blow, the reinforced silos of the northwest, the vast network of underground tunnels known as known as The “Great Underground Wall” and nuclear submarines armed with ballistic missiles, both the TYPE-094A assets and The future Type-096. South China Sea, where elements of the Great Submarine Wall System are installed Early alert and antimisile defense. China currently has a strategic network that combines infrared alert satellites capable of detecting ballistic releases anywhere in the world and huge fixed matrix radars, capable of tracking missiles and furtive aircraft in full flight. These systems are vital for strategic defense And they have already overcome multiple interception tests since 2010, but their static and highly classified nature keeps them out of the parade. Fujian, the biggest war boat with China’s leading technology The “great underground wall.” As we said before, in parallel, China builds a underwater surveillance system With hydrophones, sensor nodes and autonomous vehicles to monitor enemy submarines in the Eastern and South China Sea. This framework, known as the “Great Underwater Wall”, is essential to guarantee the safety of its nuclear submarine fleet and reinforce its anti -submarine capacity. Its existence is intuited, but its location and operation remain in the strictest secret. And space. With more than 500 satellites military and double useChina is trying to achieve independence in navigation with Beidou, recognition capabilities with the Yaogan series and safe communications for command and control. It also develops antisatellite weapons, from direct ascent missiles tested in 2007 even orbital proximity maneuvers and possible directed energy weapons. None of these systems appeared in the parade, but represent a key vector of their “computerized” war strategy. The industrial force. It We comment yesterday. China’s greatest hidden trick is not only technological but industrial. The ability to produce in its own territory from rifles to aircraft carriers, through reaction engines and hypersonic missiles, ensures independenceresilience and speed of production. The Military-Civil Fusion Strategy allows civil advances in defense, as occurs in aeronautical engines, where the experience of the CJ-1000A Commercial feeds the development of The WS-10 and WS-15 that drive the J-20 furtive fighters. In short, the parade showed the world a Power showcasebut the most lethal and transformer of the Chinese armed forces was hidden. Under the surface, in tunnels, in satellites, in monitored seas and in high -tech factories, there is a framework of capacities that seeks to redefine global military balance in the next decades. Image | Planet Labs Inc, @WZZJWZ, Office of Naval Research (Flickr), X, Infinty 0 , Ministry of National Defense The People’s Republic … Read more

China has just told the world the place it wants to occupy. And he has done it with a parade of weapons that seem like science fiction

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During September 3, Beijing has become the stage of one of the Chinese military parades more elaborate that are remembered, commemorating the 80th anniversary of the end of World War II. An event that China has used to Promote nationalism through a parade where to show the world the place he wants to occupy. And according to the artillery that has seen the lightThere are no limits. Artillery as support. As we said, the imposing military parade in Beijing was conceived as An unequivocal message: Xi Jinping’s vision of a new world order with China in the center has a warlike vanguard apparatus that begins to be at the height, and even ahead, of its rivals. Among the protagonists highlighted the new intercontinental ballistic missile DF-61successor of DF-41together with missiles with hypersonic plankers capable of exceeding the speed of sound five times and complicating any antimile defense. The demonstration included a broad Drones repertoire (aerial, terrestrial and submarines) with functions ranging from direct combat to logistics, some designed to act as “faithful squires” of Chinese furtive fighters, consolidating the EPL’s commitment to the Autonomous War. DF-61 Directed energy weapons. Beyond the missiles, the true revolution was on the exhibition of Laser and energy weapons directed, in naval and land versions, capable of neutralizing sensory and drones enemy at ridiculous costs compared to conventional ammunition. If these systems are deployed in number, such as They hinted Official sources could suppose an unprecedented challenge for any force that tries to stop Chinese military movements in their region of influence. This technological turn, supported by an enormous industrial capacity, points to a strategy where the quantity and sophistication They combine to cement China’s strategic ascent. Set of laser weapons during the military parade Two versions. They appeared Two laser systems Air defense: a large one, intended for its installation in warships, and another mounted on an eight -wheeled vehicle, capable of hosting the necessary electrical power to overcome the limitations of previous versions. These systems, which do not depend on kinetic projectiles but on Electromagnetic energy To destroy objectives through heat, electrical interference or sensor blindness, they mark a turning point in the anti -aircraft and anti -anton defense. In front of them, high -power microwave systems (also in development) offer the ability to neutralize whole swarms of drones with simultaneous bursts. The logistics and economic advantage is evident: each shot costs a fraction of a missile and does not require transporting heavy ammunition, only energy. Submarine drone AJX002 The debut of underwater drones. China also showed for the first time Two submarine vehicles not large -sized (Xluuv), consolidating their leadership in a field where at least five different programs in the test phase already operate. One of the exhibited models, identified as AJX002measures between 18 and 20 meters long with a reduced diameter of up to 1.5 meters, while the second shares length but is considerably wider, between 2 and 3 meters, and carries two masts. Although their specific missions have not been revealed, analysts consider carry torpedoes or mineseither fulfill recognition functions in prolonged and high autonomy operations. With this presentation, the Chinese Navy confirms its intention to integrate underwater platforms Autonomous on a large scaleexpanding the unmanned war options in a domain traditionally reserved for conventional submarines. Some of the hypersonic missiles shown The YJ-17: hypersonic and “nuclear.” Among the most strategic revelations The YJ-17 wasa missile that combines the naval denomination of the YJ family with the technological inheritance of DF-17the first medium -range ballistic missile with a hypersonic planner (HGV) developed by China. If the DF-17 already demonstrated extreme precision in tests (capable of impacting a few meters from its target after performing evasive maneuvers), the YJ-17 supposes the adaptation of that system For vertical pitchers of warships. Although it is believed that it can carry conventional eyelets, its nuclear capacity cannot be ruled out, which reinforces its deterrent value. Non -manned wing aircraft of the Plaaf. Two different configurations were seen but no designation details have been provided The industrial muscle as an advantage. No doubt, the parade was also proof of the volume of production that China can sustain. According to analysts Like Malcolm Davisthe country demonstrates the ability to develop, manufacture and deploy faster and higher advanced systems than the West. In other words: it is a reminder that, while in World War II the American industry inclined the global balance, today is Beijing who You can manufacture in mass Military teams with efficiency that Washington can hardly match. The CSIS data They confirm this trend: Chinese military expenditure has multiplied by thirteen in 30 years and already exceeds its immediate neighbors, quintupllica that of Japan and septuming that of South Korea. Anti-Enlambre Training (MENGSHI Laser “OW5-A10”, “PLB-625” cannon of 6 x 25 mm, 30 mm cannon, “Mini dome CUAV FK-3000”, Laser HMV3 “OW5-A50”) The naval dimension. Already We count yesterday. The biggest difference with the United States is perceived in the sea: by 2030, the Chinese Navy could have a 48% more ships of war that the American, which revives the historical maxim that the largest fleet usually imposes itself. While in the West it is confident that technological superiority, such as drone swarms with artificial intelligence, maintain balance, the parade showed that China already has Advanced autonomous systems in active duty and in operational quantities. In addition, the introduction of laser defenses against drones and missiles reinforces Beijing’s narrative about an “intelligent war”, where autonomy and systems network dominate the battlefield. JY-17 The Arsenal per sea. The YJ-17 did not appear alone: ​​it was accompanied by anti-man- YJ-15, YJ-19 and YJ-20all conceived to be deployed from the largest surface fleet in the world, composed of destroyers and frigates with vertical pitchers. Here the strategic message seems clear: the American aircraft carriers, the cornerstone of Washington’s naval power in the Pacific, could be vulnerable at any point in the region before a coordinated rain Hypersonic missiles and cruise released from multiple platforms. With … Read more

Spain has been a world reference in high speed. And the doubt is whether we are dying of success

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Saturation. That is, according to the Government, the reason why Spanish high speed does not stop accumulating delays and breakdowns. At least, that’s what is suggested. The increase in frequencies, new competitors and the same ways. Those are, for the government, the reason why Spanish trains have been forgetting a year. 289 trains. In the 90s, “6 trains a day, by direction, today through the Torrejón de Velasco point of the Madrid-Sevilla high speed, 289 trains circulated.” With these words Óscar Puente, Minister of Transportationof those who point out that in the 90s there were no problems of delays that today exist in the high railway speed of our country. “If there was an incidence in the infrastructure or the train, the impact was minimal. The time it took another to pass allowed to solve the problem. Today when there is an incidence you have 25 trains in both ways in a radius of one hour. Therefore the effects are greater. The controversy. The bridge response tweet comes to an interpellation in which a user indicated that In the 90s you could take a train without fear of delays. The answer also coincides with a new fault in the high -speed line of the Andalusian corridor where 261 passengers had to be evicted from a train because a car caught fire Last Saturday, August 30. This caused delays throughout the afternoon. However, the fire was not the only cause of delays. That same morninga breakdown in the infrastructure was also causing delays in the trains because it was showing a false obstacle sign on the road. Although before restoring the service it was already known that this obstacle did not exist, the machinists had to stop to comply with the protocol. A summer to forget in Andalusia. The events of September 30 have been the last of this summer but, much less, the only ones. In early July, A train was stopped 13 hours On the roads and their passengers they did not receive assistance from emergency services throughout the night. Days later, another problem with A catenary in Toledo It caused significant delays in the same high -speed line. He even had to stop passing through one of the tunnels of the Malaga line by leaks in one of the facilitieswhat had caused detachments. And Adif? The first of those incidents It seemed to come from an ouigo train which was disconnected from some security systems. This caused the chain stop of four other trains that circulated in the same area. One of those operated by Renfe, overloaded by the stop, ended up suffering a small fire of his systems, being completely arrested. The problem affected More than 16,000 passengers and From Adif they pointed to the French company as the cause of the problem. Ouigo, meanwhile, returned the accusation saying that Adif did not maintain the facilities correctly. A few days later (and after the adif notice that the critical points of the infrastructure was going to review) that Second problem in La Sagra (Toledo) who stopped the trains again. More traffic volume … The truth is that the volume of traffic in the high Spanish speed has shot in recent years. To give only one example, the day of the fault that left a train for 13 hours 30 trains between Madrid and Andalusia had to circulate. Yes it is true that 30 years ago, that volume of traffic was unthinkable. To the traffic of Renfe we ​​must add the entrance of Ouigo and Iryo into the Spanish railways which, without a doubt, has stressed the tracks. If there are more trains, there are more possibilities of suffering a delay but there are also more possibilities that such delay affects a greater number of trains. To get an idea, in 1992 (with the inauguration of the first high -speed line) 1.3 million passengers traveled between Madrid and Seville. In 2024, that figure was 5 million passengers. Another 5 million passengers were recorded in the corridor to Malaga. And throughout Spain almost 40 million passengers moved in this type of trains, According to CNMC data. … but an insufficient investment. In ELECONOMIST They point out that Adif’s investment in infrastructure is greater than ever. In 2025 just over 681 million euros will be allocated while in 2015 it was 465.5 million euros. However, they point out that taking into account their heritage, Adifs spends 16% less than a decade ago. Keep in mind that in that decade, in addition, the Spanish railways have gone from some 31 million passengers To touch the 40 million and the number of trains has multiplied with the entrance of Ouigo and Iroyo. Everything indicates that the investment in the facilities is insufficient and, above all, it is late if we take into account the increase in the number of travelers. In 2021 investments were guaranteed until 2025 worth 21,000 million euros in Adif But this game It is not dedicated entirely to maintenance of the tracks. That is, it seems that “emergency” maintenance is being carried out in too stressed lines for the expense that had been made in them. Photo | Tim Adams In Xataka | He vibrated so much that “the Water of the Váter came out.” Renfe has a problem in Catalonia and the AVE of Lleida is only the last example

Wetaca doubles benefits thanks to the classic digital world trick: hooking to a subscription

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602,000 euros of net profit in 2024, twice as much as the previous year. Wetaca has achieved what seemed impossible in the competitive world of food at home: grow in sales (23%) and improve margins at the same time, according to their 2024 accounts that he collects Five days. The turn. The company, founded by former Masterchef Efrén Álvarez consistent, has ceased to be a company that sells Tápers to become one that you subscribe. The automatic subscription model, launched in 2021generate weekly orders that are sent unless the client modifies or cancels them. You no longer have to remember to ask: the menus arrive alone. This apparently subtle change has changed the business. The recurrence has become the Holy Grail of Wetaca, which has invested more than 1.1 million euros in marketing to capture subscribers, twice as much as in 2023. In perspective. The prepared food sector lives a paradox: Dark Kitchens They left their best moment behind and the aggregators of Delivery They have a complicated profitability, but Wetaca is thriving with a model that seemed to have a difficult fit with the current offer. Centralized cuisine in Villaverde. Tápers that are sent cold. Menus that last a week in the fridge. Model that asks for a conscious and planned purchase, not impulsive. The difference is in the economic equation. Without RIDERS No commissions to platforms, without the pressure of delivering in half an hour. Only efficient production and customers that automatically repeat each week. And now what. With 94 employees and a debt of 5.2 million (1.5 in the short term), Wetaca will need subscriptions to continue flowing. The commitment to new machinery seeks precisely that: producing more maintaining the margins that have cost them so much to achieve. Between bambalins. The founders Álvarez and Casal maintain 71% of the company, while Cabiedes & Partners control almost 20%. This concentrated shareholding structure has allowed them to bet on the long term instead of pursuing growth at any price, the curse of so many delivery startups. The subscription model not only allows them to sell more: that model is a prediction machine demand, optimize production and reduce waste. When you know how many tápers you will cook every week, everything becomes more efficient. In Xataka | Glovo officially abandons the model that made her famous: all her riders will be used before the end of the year Outstanding image | Wetaca

In 2015, the US revealed the meeting of two fighters with an “unknown object”. China has just presented it to the world

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At the end of 2017 the New York Times launched One of that news that is remembered for what it could mean. A secret program of the Pentagon was revealed that was dedicated to investigating the threats raised by possible UFOs. And among all the information, the star news: the encounter of an unidentified object with two combat fighters (with video included). The origin of those strangers in the sky has never been confirmed. Until China has announced something. The echo of the “gimbal”. As we said, that object video called as “gimbal”, captured by A F/A-18 From the US Navy, he unleashed a global debate on inexplicable aerial phenomena and technologies beyond known military capacities. Today, almost a decade later, China, through the Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, has presented A tracing of what we saw in those images, an experimental take -off and vertical landing drone (Vtol) whose design, surprisingly, reminds that of that mysterious artifact: a fuselage With elliptical wing in closed ring -shaped, reinforced by vertical stabilizers and four rotors located at the binding points. One of the Chinese Experimental Drones in Test Flight in Zhengzhou, Henan Province The Chinese revolution in Vtol. At first glance it seems A flying spindle more than a conventional aircraft or quadcopter. However, in that unorthodox form an engineering is hidden that combines the best of multi -reliable and fixed -wing systems: maneuvering capacity and vertical support to operate from ships, irregular land or even aquatic surfaces, and at the same time aerodynamic efficiency in horizontal flight, thanks to a wing whose slope of support curve overcomes In more than 100% to that of a straight wing. Radical aerodynamics. Beijing researchers have that the annular wing channels high pressure flows and delays the loss, which allows stable to fly At low speeds or high attack angles, key conditions for military recognition missions in complex environments. The horizontal stabilizer mounted at the ends avoids internal turbulence and improves control. Plus: Tunnel tests and test flights confirmed that the device maintains the adhered flow even in extreme conditionsvalidating computational models that predicted a leap in benefits. A close look at DRON VTOL Chino Purposes. Its robust modular structure allows, on paper, integrate Optical sensors, thermal cameras, rescue equipment or supply capsules, which makes it a multipurpose platform for both military missions (battlefield supervision, maritime surveillance) and For civil applications (Environmental analysis, rescue in difficult access areas, light emergency transport). Limitations and margin of improvement. The great challenge is still The aerodynamic draginherent to the geometry of the closed wing. In that sense, researchers They have underlined that work to refine the profile to reduce pressure resistance and optimize the support/resistance ratio. Plus: They seek to perfect control algorithms to minimize unnecessary corrections that generate induced drag, and also study “more stylized variants designed to operate from war ships”, which would multiply its strategic value in naval operations. Of speculation to the battlefield. Thus, what for much of the world was A ufological unknowns A decade ago, China has now translated it into a tangible system, the result of the convergence of academic research and, of course, military pressure to reach the next generation of drones. If in the cold war the boldest experiments were on paper, today engineering (and China goes in the top positions) manages to validate designs that were just a few years ago as pure fantasy. The similarity with the “gimbal” is casual or intentional, but the truth is that the drone opens a different aerodynamic languageone in which the borders between science fiction and military development are blurred. Image | Handout, Pentagon, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics In Xataka | The Pentagon confirms the truth and shows for the first time three “secret” videos of alleged UFOs that had leaked In Xataka | The Pentagon has just published the study on the material found in 1947 from an alleged “extraterrestrial” ship

The world has been marveling for decades with the urbanism of Washington DC was actually admiring Aranjuez

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To Washington DC, the capital of the most powerful nation on the planet, we have seen it in news, photographs, documentaries and films of all kinds and condition. It is not unreasonable to think that if there was a ‘top 10’ of the most represented cities in the world, the American would occupy a relevant place. However, despite that huge overexposure, one of its greatest architectural secrets has gone unnoticed until now: at least a key part of its urban planning is inspired by a Spanish town that does not reach the 63,000 inhabitants. Which? Aranjuez. Reviewing the story. That the Royal Site of Aranjuez and the US capital have a surprising (and suspicious) urban parallelism is known for some years. He discovered it before the pandemia a team of researchers from the University of Almería and the Polytechnic of Madrid. In his day the finding He had to speakbut it has now been, in 2025, when more interest has aroused. The reason? With Washington DC under the Informative focus International for Donald Trump’s policies, it has been the US administration itself that He has recognized publicly those similarities between its capital and Aranjuez. Click on the image to go to Tweet. “Two cities, the same plane.” As an advance to 250º Anniversary From the declaration of independence, which will be held next year, the US embassy in Madrid published a few days ago A tweet in which the parallelism between the Madrid town and the city bathed by the waters of the Potomac River stands out. “Washington DC shares its urban design with Aranjuez. Same 12 radio avenues, buildings disposal … even the meandro of the river. Two cities, the same plane”, claims The Madrid Embassy next to A link From the desqbre Foundation in which, once it is closed, a phrase can be read with a much more resounding tone: “The urbanism of Washington, a copy of Aranjuez’s.” A ‘Eureka’ moment. To understand it, it is necessary to go back a few years ago, when a member of the team composed of researchers at the University of Alicante and the Polytechnic visited Washington. There he realized a curious detail: the streets, the avenues, the disposition of the buildings, the walks … reminded him of another place that the Spanish urbanists know well, Aranjuez. Back to Spain he decided to delve into that heart and began an investigation that, years later, in January 2019, fruitful in An article Posted in academic magazine Urban Planning and Development. “Surprising similarities”. The title of that rehearsal It was a declaration of intentions: “similarities between the urban plan of L´enfant for Washington DC and the Royal Site of Aranjuez, Spain.” In their pages, experts remember that the influence of Versailles on the plane drawn up in 1791 by Pierre C. L´enfant For the development of Washington it is “well known”, but much less are “the surprising similarities” between the American capital and “the form Urbis of the Royal Site of Aranjuez. “The authors admit that these parallels can be” simple coincidences “, but at least” ask questions. “ The upper figure shows the plane of L’Enfant for Washington, DC (1791). The lower the plane of the Royal Site of Aranjuez de Domingo de Aguirre of the Army Geographic Center (1775). “It’s a copy of Aranjuez”. Much more resounding is The statement Posted on your day from the University of Almería to present the research. It points out that “Washington DC urbanism is a copy of Aranjuez.” “We discover, affirm and have managed to justify and publish that when the US capital is created, after the president George Washington, his design to Thomas Jefferson and this to the cartographer Pierre L´enfant, the city was based on the planes of Aranjuez,” ditch Francisco Manzano, one of the study authors. What are they based on? In the cartographic study of both city. Researchers have proven that the arrangement of the main buildings, radial avenues and the street system is similar in both places. The University cites a clear example: Washington DC and the Royal Site of Aranjuez have in common a peculiar urban feature, the “diagram of two large rectangular spaces” arranged in the form of ‘L’ and at whose ends are, analogously, two emblematic buildings are located. In the case of the American city, The Capitol and the White House. In the Madrid town, the Royal Palace and the Church of San Antonio. Do they have more in common? Yes. The identical position of these spaces in L with respect to the Potomac and Tajo rivers and the gutters that they start from. We also find correspondences between some Washington diagonal avenues with the Tagus Renaissance orchards walk system; Between the Plaza de la the Twelve Streets in Aranjuez and the 12 avenues that radiate from the Capitol “, Explain José Carlos de San Antonio Gómez, of the Polytechnic of Madrid. Another parallelism is left by the trident of the garden of the parterre in Aranjuez and the one formed in the original plane by Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Maryland Avenue Sw and Avenue H. “of the analysis of the plans of both cities and of the circumstances in which they were made, surprising parallels are inferred,” Underline The expert. Avenues and focal points of the Washington DC plans and the Royal Site of Aranjuez. Washington DC planes and the Royal Site of Aranjuez with the distribution of avenues. Looking for the causes. Detected the points in common between both places there was such or even more complicated mission: explain them. What are you due to? Could the Washington DC urbanists inspire in the planes of the Royal Aranjuez site? Spanish researchers also address those unknowns. The experts Remember that King Carlos III He sent copies from Aranjuez to Paris and the main European courts in the 1770 Pierre L´enfant. “There are no documents that prove to know him, but the evidence speaks for themselves,” they emphasize. There, in the Paris of the late eighteenth, … Read more

During centuries Galicia was a thriving land of olive groves with unique varieties in the world. What changed it is still a mystery

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If you think of Galicia, in their landscapes, probably the first thing that comes to mind is your sinuous coastline, your beaches and cliffsserpentant channels such as the Sil River as it passes through the Ribeira Sacra, castrosleafy Atlantic forests, grasslands with cattle … The list is extensive (and diverse), but probably the olive groves are not included, a stamp that usually associates more to the peninsular south. It was not always the case. There are indications that Galicia had an interesting relationship with the cultivation of the olive trees that can go back to the times of Gallaecia. When that link declined and what were the causes of the sunset and that the olive tree does not prosper are issues that still generate debate among experts. Olivos in Galicia? Yes. And its relationship comes from afar, it is rich and has inspired researchers who have identified in Galician lands A wide catalog of unique native olive varieties in the world. The indications are suggestive, although I recognized years ago The historian Lourenzo Fernández during a days held in Pontevedra and focused precisely on the olive trees, shadows are still in that bond. “There is no specific historical, nor bibliographic research that will address the presence of Olivos in Galicia,” explained. Looking at the Roman Gallaecia. The link between Galicia and the olive tree can be traced at least Roman Gallaecia. In the middle of the last century, during an excavation in an area of ​​Vigo that is called precisely Oliveira, archaeologists discovered a Roman deposit which included bricks, bases, a mortar, mills, amphorae … and an oil press, among other vestiges. “It is thought that it could be a villa or factoring by the oleic press found, the only example appeared in Galicia. The possible relationship between the obtaining of oil and the olive tree in Vigo was also pointed out, in ancient times, with the activity that would give name to the place,” Explain The Quiñones de León Museum, where the remains rest, although those responsible recognize that the scarcity of remains of oil and amphorae lamps in the environment can be interpreted as a “lack of consumption.” Leaving its mark. Vigo’s is not the only proof of the interesting historical link between Olivo and Galicia. There are ethnographic studies that show that in the region there are dozens and tens of place names related to olive trees, olive groves, oil and similar references. Years ago at least 70 were counted. The CSIC has also identified about twenty varieties of native olive trees, unique in the world, and there is a record of specimens standing from the 18th century, the oldest in the community that are still alive, according to a analysis done years ago. A “very present” crop in Galicia. The presence of olive trees in Galicia put it in value since The industry itself to the organisms public. “The olive culture was very present in Galicia since the time of the Romans. The primitive settlers ate olives, although they did not know the methods of extraction of the oil. The Romans are those that introduce the knowledge of these methods that are transmitted by the territory. Galicia became one of the conquered territories of which the most oil went out to Rome in the second and second centuries.” They detail From Ribeira Sacra tourism. In the community it is not strange either find References of traditional oil mills in which the fruit was used. “In Galicia there were olive plantations, in some cases, of large dimensions, that if we follow some sources they would have been possible thanks to the introduction of this crop in our land by the Romans,” historian Felipe Aira explained in January An article of The voice of Galicia that he remembers how the Jews and Judeoconvers used the ‘liquid gold’ in their kitchens and at least part of the olive trees were preserved in the properties of the church, even after their decline in Galicia, for their value for the elaboration of the liturgical oils. And the great unknown arises. All The chronicles that tell the link between the Olivos and Galicia end up reaching the same question: what explains that their cultivation ends up losing weight? Why Galicia It ceased to be an olive grove? Or even simpler … Why didn’t they remain expanding until they occupy a relevant weight in the Galician fields? As Lourenzo remembered in 2018, shadows are still and a long way to explore “about the presence of Olivos in Galicia. His story is splashed with legends and inaccuracies, he said recently A chronicle Fiftymil, but is usually pointed to a complex sum of political, economic, demographic reasons and the reality of agricultural farms. Click on the image to go to Tweet. Of the Catholic Monarchs to Count Duke of Olivares. When the history of olive tree is explained in Galicia there are two names that are usually repeated: the first, the Catholic Monarchs; The second, Count Duke of Olivares. An extended theory ensures that the former, Fernando II of Aragon and Isabel I of Castilla, adopted a series of decisions about taxes and reorganization that punished the Galician plantations and favored that olive trees be started in the region. But … why? There are those who say that the purpose was to favor the repopulation and crops of the newly reconquered lands of the Peninsular South. Others argue that in their decision, more political factors would have weighed and that when the Galician olive trees sought to penalize the territory and their aristocracy. The “Doma and castration from Galicia, “said the intellectual of the twentieth century, Alfonso Daniel Rodríguez Castelao about the policies of the Catholic Monarchs. The context is key and was marked by the defeat of Juana la Beltraneja, and therefore of the nobility that supported her in her cause, and the Irmandiños rebellion that developed in Galicia. The shadow of olive groves. The theory is even more extended that if there … Read more

Nvidia has become the most important company in the world. His problem is that he has all the eggs in the same basket

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In Nvidia everything goes on wheels, but Not even enough for Wall Street. The latest quarterly results report has once again demonstrated Eun Eun Exceptional Power, but be careful. The most important company in the world –by stock marketat least – has an Achilles heel. A dangerous concentration of customers. He Official document With the financial results, it refers to a “risk of concentration” of the great clients of Nvidia. The situation is really worrying, because Six customers They accumulate 85% of all income from the company: 10,750 million dollars – Customer A (23% of total ingreoss) 7,480 million dollars – Customer B (16%) 6,540 million dollars – Customer C (14%) 5,140 million dollars – Customer D (11%) 5,140 million dollars – Customer E (11%) 4,670 million dollars – Customer F (10%) The problem goes more, no less. If we only look at the two most important customers, A is responsible for 23% of Nvidia and B revenues of 16%: 39% of income therefore come from only two clients. A year ago the two largest Nvidia clients were responsible for 14% and 11% of income, 25% in total. These data raise an inevitable question: who is who in that client cast. And the answer is not simple. Direct customers … Nvidia makes a distinction between those clients to whom he refers to the document, and that are divided into two large groups, the first is that of direct customers, which are not end users of their chips, but companies that buy the chips and that mounted them in complete systems or on plates that then sell to data centers, infrastructure suppliers in the cloud or final cloud. Among the examples, they indicate In CNBCwould be Foxconn, Quanta or Dell. … and indirect customers. This is where those companies would enter that we are all thinking and use these chips – which they buy from direct customers – in Your gigantic data centers. Microsoft, Openai, Meta, Google, Tesla/Xai and Meta – and even Oracle – are clear candidates, but again, it is impossible to know for sure who is on that list of great buyers. But the two most important are direct. What they do indicate in Nvidia is that customer A and B are direct customers, so they are not theoretically none of those great technological ones. But those definitions of Nvidia are somewhat diffuse, and the company states that some direct customers buy chips to create systems for their own use, so Any of the Big Tech I could enter that definition. To curl the curl, Nvidia said that two of its indirect clients each of them were responsible for 10% of their total income, but above all through the purchase of systems from customers A and B. OpenAI in the pools. In Nvidia they talked about “an AI research and development company” contributed with a “significant” amount of income both through direct and indirect customers. Here are more candidates, but one of the strongest would be Openai, especially now that he is working In the Stargate project. But the situation is dangerous. Be as it may, depending on both so few clients is delicate and creates a dangerous dependency chain. Thus, Nvidia depends on intermediaries that in turn They depend on a handful of technological giants. The company’s destination is in the hands of two buyers who represent almost 40% of their business, but the risk is not only for Nvidia, but for the entire technological ecosystem that depends on their chips. There are not only companies, there are countries buying gpus. Another of the curious data of this report is the one that tells us about how Some foreign governments They are also buying chips massively. In fact, the company expects to enter 20,000 million dollars in these “Sovereign” projects with countries that try to create their own models and artificial intelligence infrastructure. Image | Sharon Waldron edited with Google Gemini In Xataka | Microsoft had a saved secret. His new AI model for Copilot is the clearest statement against Openai’s domain

The most complex nuclear reactor in the world is underway in the United Kingdom. His critics directly call him “a monster”

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Two figures are enough to understand the scope of the British challenge: 38,000 million investment pounds and six million homes fed with nuclear electricity for sixty years. This presents Sizewell C, the center that Downing Street describes as a clean energy and employment engine. His detractors, on the other hand, see it as a financial well and the last attempt to give life to a nuclear design so complex that in France it already call it “the monster.” The crown jewel. The objective of the British government is to double the nuclear capacity of the country by 2050 and guarantee a stable supply of low carbon energy. Sizewell C, With two EPR type reactors (European pressurized reactor), is the key piece of that strategy. According to the BBCthe project is the successor of Hinkley Point C, in Somerset, which accumulates a decade of delays and a runaway cost: more than 18,000 million pounds planned in 2010 to about 46,000 million today. Minister Rachel Reeves declared The Guardian that investment is “a powerful support to the United Kingdom as the best place to do business and as a global center of nuclear energy.” Instead, Henri Proglio, former director of the French electric EDF – developmentator of the project -, assured the Financial Times that the reactor design is “scary” and “almost impossible to build.” Faced opinions. The detractors have it clear. Proglio describes it as “a machine with more reinforcement rods than concrete.” Another engineer, Also cited in the FThe spoke of a “colossal error.” And Greenpeace warned the BBC That this time will be taxpayers, not EDF, who pay the inevitable cost overruns. But there are also moderate voices. Tony Roulstone, Professor of Cambridge and exejecutive of Rolls-Royce, declared to FT That Sizewell could be ready “one or two years before Hinkley” and cost 20 % less. Thanks to the fact that much of the design is already tested since the supply chain was consolidated in Somerset. There are already works in Suffolk. The project is not just paper. In Suffolk, 1,700 operators are already working in preliminary works, According to the Financial Times. The first one: a perimeter wall 55 meters deep and 3 kilometers long to drain the marsh before placing the foundations. In addition, Hinkley errors will be avoided. This time the concrete structures will be pregnant in workshops and not in the work, which should accelerate the deadlines. Even so, the official calendar – entered into operation in the middle or end of the 2030s – raises doubts. Flamanville, in France, and Hinkley have shown that deadlines in projects of this type are usually wet paper, As Critica Nils Pratley in his column for The Guardian. It is very complex. It is more complex than it seems to the naked eye. EPR are nuclear reactors of generation III+, the result of Franco-German collaboration between EDF and Siemens. According to World Nuclear Associationare designed to offer a net electrical power of between 1,600 and 1,650 MW, although they can reach 1,770 MW. In addition, they incorporate advanced security measures: double containment, four independent cooling systems, a Core Catcher to catch the nucleus in case of merger, and structural capacity to resist impacts and earthquakes, in addition to diesel generators and backup batteries that guarantee operability to multiple failures. They also stand out for greater energy efficiencyconsuming up to 17% less fuel than old reactors and producing up to 14% more energy. All this with a projected life of 60 years. This technical complexity is, at the same time, a strength in terms of safety and efficiency, and a challenge for the delays and costs that it has shown in its construction. The invoice reaches the British pocket. The cost of the central already exceeds twice the first estimates, According to BBC. The majority (36.6 billion) will be covered with public debt through the National Fund of Wealth. While the financing is distributed among the State (the largest shareholder with 44.9%), followed by the Canadian Caisse (20%), Centrica (15%), EDF (12.5%) and Amber Infrastructure (7.6%). The great novelty is the “Regulated Assets Base” model (Rab) in which households will begin to pay £ 1 per month in their electrical invoices for at least a decade, Julia Pyke explained to the BBC. This scheme mainly protects investors, As Nils Pratley recalled in The GuardianCentrica ensures returns of more than 10% even if the costs reach 47.7 billion pounds; Any excess will be assumed by taxpayers. France already tried. Although with problems. The first French EPR reactor, Flamanville 3, in Normandy, connected to the network In December 2024 after 12 years of delays and with a final cost of € 13.2 billion, four times budgeted. As explained in Financial Timesthe French experience forced to redesign the concept, so EDF no longer prioritizes the EPR, but the EPR2, a simplified and cheaper version that hopes to build in six units here to 2038. Meanwhile, in China they have shown that its Taishan center that has operated for years with an EPR of 1.75 GW, is one of the most powerful reactors in the world. A continent that turns nuclear. The British bet arrives in a contradictory European context. Germany He closed his last central in 2023 and Spain plans to close them in 2027. France, on the contrary, Maintain nuclear as a pillar (70 % of its electricity) and accelerates new EPR2 projects. The board moves: under Chancellor Friedrich Merz, Germany has stopped blocking France and accepts that the nuclear receives the same treatment as renewables in EU legislation. The agreement includes giving “green” status to pink hydrogen and opens the door to European financing, although Austria continues against and countries such as Belgium and the Netherlands reevaluate their policies. In the midst of this continental debate, the United Kingdom, outside the EU, advances alone with Sizewell C: an EPR that even EDF has relegated in favor of the EPR2, while in Europe the SMR and nuclear fusion gain space. … Read more

Nvidia has become hostage of her own success. His record numbers know little when the world expects miracles

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Nvidia has presented her Results of the second fiscal quarter. Technically beat all forecasts: Adjusted benefits of $ 1.05 per share compared to the 1.01 expected. Revenues of 46,740 million dollars against the projected 46,230 million. The company has also projected income of 54,000 million for the current quarter, slightly above the consensus of 53.4 billion. Why is it important. These seemingly solid numbers have not been enough for a market that has turned Nvidia into the fire test definitive of boom of the AI. The action has fallen 3% in the operations after closing, a reaction that reveals to what extent the expectations about the most valuable company in the world – with 4.4 billion capitalization – have reached almost impossible levels of satisfying. China’s problem. The great shadow on the results has been the total absence of sales of the H20 chip To China during the quarter. Nvidia has not included any sales forecast to China in its guide for the third quarter, despite the fact that the financial director, Colette Kress, has mentioned that they have between 2,000 and 5,000 million dollars in ready -to -send orders to send if geopolitical issues are resolved. The company is waiting for the Trump administration to clarify the regulations on the 15% cut they want to impose to Chips sales to China. Jensen Huang has been unusually direct during the Call with analysts: “The Chinese market estimates that represents about 50,000 million dollars of opportunity for us this year.” He added that half of the world’s researchers are in China … And that it is “quite important” that American technology companies can access that market. Between the lines. Huang’s frustration with the geopolitical situation is palpable. His comment that “we just have to continue advocating” before the Trump administration makes us glimpse a more tense negotiation than the official statements say. The CEO has suggested that they are working in a modified version of their Blackwell chips for China, with reduced performance, indicating that Nvidia is willing to make weight concessions so as not to lose that market. Striking in a company Today as powerful as Nvidia. Data centers disappoint. The data centers segment, which represents 88% of total income, has generated 41,1 billion dollars, slightly below the expected 41,290 million. It is the second consecutive trimester that this important segment does not reach expectations, a worrying signal when large technological ones such as goal, Google and Microsoft are investing tens of billions each quarter in AI infrastructure. “Everything is sold”. Huang has said during the call that “everything is sold”, referring so much to the Hopper chips current as the new Blackwell. Has added that the production of Blackwell Ultra It is “progressing at full speed” and that demand is “extraordinary.” However, these statements contrast with the fact that the income growth of 56% year -on -year is the slowest in nine consecutive quarters of growth greater than 50%. Growing pressure. The market reaction tells an uncomfortable truth: Nvidia has become hostage of its own success. With a weight of 7.5% in the S&P 500 – 3% in December -, Any stumbling block has the potential to drag the entire market. An important Nvidia failure would be a detonation for half -world bags. The contrast. Huang has promised that AI infrastructure spending will reach between 3 and 4 billion dollars for the end of the decade, but the immediate reality is that NVIDIA cannot freely access the second largest computer market in the world. The repurchase of 60,000 million dollars in shares approved by the Council – one of the largest in American business history – seems more an attempt to sustain the price of the action than a real confidence signal in the future without regulatory mosquadillas. In Xataka | Deepseek has suggested that Nvidia chips no longer needs. We believe to know who is buying them Outstanding image | Nvidia

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