Spain

We believed that the Zbe of Spain were an ambitious idea until we discovered Vietnam’s plan: end their motorcycles

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Hanoi is the capital of Vietnam, a city where eight million people live. Almost everyone has a motorcycle. It is not an exaggeration: estimate It is between 6 and 7 million motorcycles in the city. The use of motorcycles represents Between 85% and 90% of filmed traffic in the country and the government has had an idea to erase all combustion motorcycles in the center of the capital by 2026. And manufacturers of electric motorcycles They rub their hands. Short. The contamination in the big cities Asian is a problem. That only in Hanoi there are about seven million motorcycles, not counting other vehicles such as cars, roads and motor tricycles, it is a barbarity that implies high levels of pollution. In the middle of the adventure that faces half the world To achieve the decarbonization, Combustion vehicles have become a problem and the Vietnamese government has decided to start taking action. The measure began to be raised in 2017, but We already have date Definitive: As of July 1, 2026, motorcycles with combustion engines will not be able to circulate through the center of Hanoi. The measure is part of a much more ambitious national plan: totally eliminate combustion motorcycles by 2045 with a double objective: that of the air pollution And also, the noise pollution. Brutal market. Although the plan will come into force on that date, it will be extended little by little to cover more districts and, as they point out in Electreklater these measures will also apply to other thermal vehicles. Hanoi, in addition, is not alone in this, since Saigón and Da Nang, with nine and 1.2 million inhabitants respectively, are also considering adopting these measures. It will be a brutal blow for a market in which estimates They point to the existence of 770 motorcycles per 1,000 people. In September alone, there were 77 million motorcycles registered in the country, an absolute barbarity that leaves out those that are not registered for various reasons. Manufacturers. The market also does not stop. The annual sales They are over three million units annually with sales only during the first quarter of this 2025 of more than 670,000 units, which represents 11.5% more than the same period of the previous year. And this market is led, above all, by foreign brands. Honda has a market share of more than 80% this year, with 200,000 units sold only in March. Yamaha, Piaggio, Suzuki and Sym are other favorites, but there is a company that is growing by leaps and bounds and will become the top winner of this measure: VINFAST. Hands rub. After Honda and Yamaha, it is the brand that is selling the most this year and what is special is that it is an electric motorcycle company. The market share of this type of propulsion increased from an estimate of 5.4% in 2019 to 12% in 2022. It was a great jump, especially if we take into account that there were no measures as radical as those that the Government raises at the moment and, currently, currently, Vinfast leads The electric motorcycle segment with 43% of the cake. In addition, it is local. During the first five months of this year, sales in this segment have increased and the company has sold 488% more. With the big cities of the country limiting thermal motorcycles, the figure from here to two years can be stratospheric. Who pays it. As usual, families with lower income. There are about 100 motorcycle models in Vietnam with low displacement models dominating the market, but also with larger and more powerful. The Price fork It is wide enough (Honda models by less than 800 dollars) So that almost everyone has a motorcycle within their economic possibilities, but with this transition, a problem also comes. Several families that depend on motorcycles for their livelihood have already expressed in media such as Vietnam Express either Al Jazeera His concern for change. Those with lower income will have difficulty facing the change to an electric motorcycle and, in addition, there are complaints about the speed at which the change decision will have to be made because it is only a year for the prohibition. Aid. One way to face the situation is through a aid program. As we read in Electrivethere are two measures that can be made from the government to facilitate the transition. The first is a series of subsidies to consumers that allow residents to replace almost half a million thermal motorcycles with electric equivalents. On the other hand, An improvement in infrastructure and load network. Because, obviously, if you want to achieve such an aggressive transition, it cannot be pretended that everything falls to the consumer because there will be many who cannot take the motorcycle home with a private charge port. In parallel, and to attend public transport, the city plans to expand the fleet of electric microbuses. Last month, Saigon already It started to expand its urban fleet of electric motorcycles. Industry. It only remains to expect how the market adapts with this forced change towards electric motorcycles, but you will also have to see how manufacturers such as Honda or Yamaha will be adapted. Because these brands not only sell in Vietnam: they manufacture in the country and, apart from covering national demand, are a Strong export point For Southeast Asia. Not to mention that it is an industry that use To millions of people already who this change will not leave indifferent. Images | An huy, Steffen Schmitz In Xataka | “They impose things that we do not want”: the most spectacular electric car is not sold and its manufacturer is clear why

Spain has a rail giant in the shadows. And just achieved the “contract of the century”

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If you have traveled to Belgium, the SNCB application is likely to have downloaded to move from one city to another. It is about ‘the Renfe‘Belgian and, a few years ago, They announced that they were going to renew 50% of their fleet from here to 2032. The interesting thing is that it is an operation of 3,400 million euros that has not fallen to anyone: it has done so in a Spanish company called CAF. And if you are wondering what diantres is caf, you are in your entire right, but you will surely have mounted on one of its trains. “The contract of the century”. In a release of CNCB, the operator detailed the pre -agreement reached with the Spanish, something that replicated own CAF detailing that the initial commitment of the same will be 1,695 million euros. This includes the development, manufacture and supply of 600 am30 trains (interurban trains with integrated motor and autonomy by battery when operating in un -electrified lines) with a total of 170,000 seats, although the initial commitment is 1,695 million euros for 54,000 places. The proposal of CAF has had to compete with other manufacturers, such as the French Alstom that argued cheapest prices, factories in Belgium and that local industrial promotion. Everything is not closed, since although CNCB has opted for the Spanish, political interests come into play in something like that. There is a debate around the firm and, for example, as we read in Basque chroniclea deputy of the Belgian Party Staf Aerts has discredited to the company, indicated that CAF is collaborating to create a subway line from Jerusalem to the Palestinian territories occupied by Israel ” As we say, it remains to be seen that the agreement is finally closed, but by its magnitude, there is already talk of the “contract of the century” of the railway sector, with obvious consequences In the CAF portfolio. Centenaria. This news, because of its magnitude, has jumped to the first flat of numerous national and European economic newspapers, but the great question we could have is … what is CAF and why it is so important. CAF responds to ‘Constructions and Railroad Assistant‘And it is a company that was born in 1917 in Beasain, Basque Country. It was founded on workshops that already existed since the nineteenth century and from the beginning it was dedicated to the manufacture and rental of wagons, as well as other elements for rail transport. And in this more than a century, it has become one of the larger companies in the country. The Oaris World jump. They were developing their business within our borders, providing Renfe trainsbut in the 90s, they consolidated the international leap by operating more firmly in other countries thanks to the opening of about thirty subsidiaries. In Spain they have, above all, high -speed trains of variable width manufactured next to the ALSTOM itself, as well as electric and diesel trains for regional services and Renfe vicinity. However, much of your order portfolio It is for export. They have manufactured units for cities such as London, Brussels, or Sydney, as well as the Santiago de Chile and Mexico Metro, light trains for US cities such as Boston or the Oaris: High speed trains (up to 350 km/h) that form the backbone of the Norway rail network. And, to meet the needs, they have gone Opening factories all over the world. Why the mystery? In spite of everything, we do not know too much CAF beyond their area of direct influence (where they have the factories and hire employees) it has all the meaning of the world. Before we talked about Talgo, also a historic rail that not only stood out for their trains, but to baptize vehicles with their own name. Go up to Talgo It was synonymous with getting on the train just as asking for a Kleenex is asking for a handkerchief or, in some countries, playing “the play” is playing any game console in general. In the case of CAF, the same did not happen and, although it is an industrial pride in Euskadi and very recognized among experts around the world, its business has remained “in the shadows”. They operate mainly in the B2B sector, which implies work for large operators both public and private and not for the final consumer, and do not baptize their creations such as “CAF”, which keeps them in an unknown position for the general public. However, the last decades have grown, especially abroad, and with contracts such as the one achieved in Belgium and the jump to large media, it is more likely that the name ‘CAF’ sounds more and more. Images | Jordi Verdugo In Xataka | Renfe riding a circus this summer and dwarves grow: tunnels with leaks and more delays of the bird in Malaga

The teleworking is falling in all of Spain. In all? No, an village resists the invader: the officials

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Far from the rise that He lived during 2020the teleworking has entered into A downward trend In the private sector. The face -to -face consolidates as the model preferred by companieswith offices that recover prominence. Given that reduction, a model has gained prominence: the Hybrid Day. However, there is an area in which teleworking seems to resist this setback: Public administration. Companies return to the office. Companies seem to have spent page with teleworking, and bet on the return to the face -to -face. According to the report ‘Digital Society in Spain 2024‘ Published by the National Observatory of Technology and Society (ONTSI), 69.9% of employed people always work away from home, compared to 30.1% that telework to some extent. Of that percentage of teleworking, only 9% of the total does so permanently from home (something that also confirms INE data), while 21.1% apply it under a model of Hybrid Day with between two and four face -to -face work day. The public sector walks in the opposite direction. Despite the tendency towards the face -to -face of the private sector, the General State Administration maintains much higher figures of employees that telework, and this trend does not seem to have come to an end. According to 2024 data publishedby The economist49.15% of the officials and employees of the State Administration are welcomed to teleworking. This percentage is equivalent to about 87,618 public workers who carry out their work remotely, mainly, with a maximum of three weekly days. This difference in approach to the teleworking of the State Administration adds points, Next to the salary or labor stability, so that public employment has become the Preferred Labor Alternative For many employees, in the face of the temporality, precariousness and face -to -face of the private sector. More public teleworking. The Digital transformation The administration has allowed progress in the implementation of teleworking, especially in those positions that do not require direct contact with the citizen. A recent example is starred by the Basque Government, which has reached an agreement with the unions to increase teleworking two days a week to both officials and labor personnel, such and As you collect The Basque newspaper. However, the most relevant thing about these teleworking measures that are being adopted in the administration is that the criterion ceases to focus on the nature of the job, to focus on the tasks that can be done remote. This task approach opens a new way when organizing public employment, traditionally face -to -face and bureaucratized. Unique criteria. The great “but” of this commitment to maintain and even expand teleworking in public administrations is the lack of a unique criterion for the different administrations. The General State Administration has its own norms included in article 47 bis of the Basic Statute Law of the Public Employee. However, each autonomous community and municipalities have power to regulate the work model of its officials, so there is no unique rule that regulates it, although tasks can be similar. For example, the Junta de Andalucía has just regulated the remote day of its officials, limiting it to 40% of its day. That is, two days, in front of The three days which are allowed in the General State Administration. Teleworking in state administration. As It is established In the basic statute of the public employee, the State Administration allows to telework up to three days per week, “provided that the nature of the position allows and the adequate provision of the service is guaranteed.” This formula has been mainly implanted in those bodies that They perform technical tasksof analysis or information management. General Bodies of State Administration. Formed by administrative or administrative assistants who carry out tasks related to the management of documents or databases. Digital and Informatics Administration. Those officials in charge of software development, management of networks or computer systems of the administration. Department of Justice. Officials who work in the procedural and administrative management and processing of the judicial documentation, provided that their position does not require face -to -face attention. Finance staff. Administrative or tax analysis technicians, in charge of preparing files, economic-financial analysis and tax management and finance inspectors, when they must perform a more technical task. Statistics officials. Those officials assigned to the General Corps of State Statistics or Statistics Technicians who carry out data, reports and studies. Department of Culture. Higher auxiliary or technical technicians of libraries and archives dedicated to documentary digitalization or content management. In Xataka | The public sector as a refuge for employees undervalued by private companies: 45% of opponents already have a job Image | Unspash (Susanna Marsiglia)

The first time Spain displays combat airplanes in Iceland

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In a context marked by the War in Ukraine and Moscow’s growing aggressiveness in airspace of the North Atlantictogether with the progressive militarization of their Strategic routesSpain has first assumed the most active role in the defense of NATO’s northern flank. A historical step. Yeah, for the first time In its history, Spain has deployed combat planes in the nation of northern Europe as part of the NATO Air Police Mission. The operation, baptized as Tactical Air Detachment (DAT) Stinga (“Sting” in Icelandic), represents a milestone for the Army of the Air and Space (EA), which until now had concentrated its participation in the east flank of the Atlantic Alliance, especially in the Baltic countries. With this movement, the Spanish government intends to demonstrate Your commitment With all NATO defense scenarios, including the Arctic strategic, which gains relevance to the growing military activity Russian in the North Atlantic. Keflavik: The new Spanish advanced position. The detachment will operate from the Keflavik air basesouth of Iceland, considered a critical installation for its location in the North Atlantic, key to the control of intercontinental air traffic and for the routes between North America and Europe. Iceland, country No Air Force Own, trust Rotations of NATO allies to guarantee the integrity of their airspace. To the 44 aviators They arrived as advanced to prepare the operation, will add up to 122 Spanish military (among pilots, maintenance technicians, specialists in armament, logistics and security personnel), responsible for operating six F-18 fighters They arrived on July 22. The mission will officially begin on the 28th and will run until mid -August. Permanent alert in the north sky. Under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Rafael Ichaso Franco, the Stinga detachment will be in fast reaction alert (QRA), or in other words, will be prepared to Intercept any aircraft That violates the standards of allied airspace, whether flying without a flight plan, without radio contact or with the transposeor off, a usual practice in air intimidation maneuvers by Russia. This is precisely the reason why NATO launched in 2014 (After the Crimea Russian Annexation) a series of air surveillance deployments that have been expanding their territorial presence throughout Europe. “Hostile” training. Plus: Unlike other air police missions already carried out in Estonia, Lithuania or Romania, Iceland presents different operational challenges. Not only because of latitude and weather conditions, but by lack of previous experience of the Spanish army in that theater. That is precisely the reason why, according to The world pointedan intense preparation in simulatorsrecreating specific scenarios for the Arctic environment. In addition, training flights in the region have been scheduled to consolidate the operational capacities of the pilots and maintain the full operation of the F-18. Beyond a gesture. Although the duration of the mission will be rather brief, its political and strategic value is significant. Spain thus reinforces its image of Reliable and willing ally To participate in the distribution of responsibilities within the Atlantic Alliance, aligning with the priorities of Moscow deterrence On all fronts, including the least visible so far for Spanish public opinion. By projecting strength in the north, the Spanish nation also contributes to the defensive architecture that extends from the Baltic Sea to the Arctic Circle, at a time when NATO Redfine Its military borders before a Kremlin every time more aggressive. Operation Stinga thus not only a punctual deployment, but the beginning of A new phase in the outer projection of the Spanish armed forces. Image | Ministry of Defense of Spain In Xataka | With its rejection of dedicating 5% of GDP to Defense, Spain has done something else: open the melon of the melons in NATO In Xataka | Spain refuses to spend 5% of GDP on artillery. Because what you really want is to sell it to Europe

What the failure of the “antiapagones decree” implies for Spain

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The Congress of Deputies rejected on Tuesday, July 22 The so -called “antiapages” decree, a rule that sought to reinforce the electrical system after the blackout last April 28. The parliamentary defeat. The text, approved in the Council of Ministers as Royal Decree-Law 7/2025did not achieve the necessary support for his validation: 183 votes against 165 in favor. Among the negative votes were those of PP, Vox, Podemos, Junts, BNG and UPN, in addition to the deputy of the Aragonese Chunta integrated in Addar, Jorge Pueyo, who broke the vote discipline. This varapalo, which arrives just before the summer break, prevents the application of a package of urgent technical measures for the Spanish energy system. The norm sought, among other things, to improve the supervision of the electricity grid, to facilitate access to new industries, promote self -consumption and penalize breaches by large electricity. Not so bad. Although the Government managed to move forward six of the seven laws that led to the plenary, the fall of the most strategic decree of the day left a feeling of defeat. As RTVE picked upfrom Montevideo, where he is on tour, Pedro Sánchez tried to remove iron from the matter: “Not so bad,” said government sources recognize their “disappointment” to what they consider a vote “against the general interest.” Behind the rejection. The reasons that have ended in this situation are as diverse as the matches that have lying it. On the one hand, the Popular Party has considered that the norm was an undercover support for an energy policy that they consider failed and unre transparent, in addition to criticizing that there has been no resignation after the blackout of April 28. On the other hand, Podemos has unmarked from its government partners when considering that the decree did not contain real sanctions against the electric oligopoly and have labeled it with “legislative makeup” without transformative effects. In the case of Vox, the rejection has been ideological and frontal to any initiative of the Executive. Other formations such as Junts and BNG have interpreted the text as an excessive assignment to large energy companies and wanted to mark distances at a key moment of negotiation with the government. Together, the norm has ended up being a victim of a fragmented legislature, of cross interests and of the political distrust even within the block that supports the Executive. The origin of the decree. As detailed by the jumpthe decree was born in June after a report that was blamed for the blackout of April 28 to Red Eléctrica de España and the great generators (Endesa, Iberdrola, Naturgy). The measures, as explained by Vice President Third Sara Aagesen, intended to prevent new crises such as that and unlock pending projects in a saturated electrical system. Aagesen appealed to the “social consensus” behind the norm, which had the support of business associations, environmentalists and the renewable sector. By eating the decree. The Royal Decree-Law 7/2025 was more technical than political, but with deep implications. According to the jumpsome of its keys were greater public control (such as CNMC reports more frequent More agile authorizations, even with the possibility of sharing connection points. Despite not containing a structural transformation of the energy model or a public company, some groups celebrated it as a “first step” to decentralize the system. As noted from the same media, the Alliance for Self -Consumption, which brings together more than 60 social entities, described the decree as “the great lever” to democratize energy. It was also positively valued for allowing renewable energies to act as support energy, a function so far reserved for thermal plants. The theme is deeper. The Spanish electrical system is saturated: only one in ten requests for access to the network was met in 2024, despite the fact that there was unused technical capacity, such as have pointed out in the Energy newspaper. This rigidity is a brake for strategic industrial projects such as green hydrogen, battery manufacturing or data centers, that require agile and stable connections. The decree tried to anticipate these problems with more dynamic planning and proactive regulations, in line with the recommendations of the European Commission. Once summer ends. The Government has announced its intention to reformulate the text, but the coup is significant. Meanwhile, the PP plans to present an alternative law together with the Autonomous Communities. According to expansionthe employers of the energy sector ask for quick solutions and warn of the risks for competitiveness if it does not act urgently. Every month of delay represents lost opportunities to attract green and industrial investment. A blocked opportunity. The antiapages decree was not perfect, but necessary, according to a good part of the sector. Its rejection shows the limitations of Spanish energy policy, where faced interests, power struggles and internal distrust weigh more than climatic or industrial urgency. Now, while the country dealt with a collapsed electricity and the ghost of new blackouts, the clock is still running. And every month without a solution is a less opportunity to lead the energy transition that Europe demands and that Spain could lead. Image | José Sáez (Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported License) Xataka | The mystery of light in Spain: why there is only one “cheap” time to day with the maximum

Spain finds its niche in the AI revolution: build the foundations

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Coreweave, American giant, has commissioned the Spanish ACS to build a data center In Lancaster (Pennsylvania) that will cost 6,000 million dollars (about 5,160 million euros). The installation will start with 100 MW of power, expandable to 300 MW, becoming one of the largest in the world. Why is it important. Spain does not manufacture specialized chips or develop important models of AI, but it is finding its place in the value chain: build the physical infrastructure that makes the above possible. ACS, through Turner, is the one who will lead the construction of data centers in the United States with a portfolio of 12,000 million euros. The backdrop. The United States seeks the desperate infrastructure to feed the AI revolution. Data centers already consume 4.4% of all electricity in the country and are expected to reach up to 12% in 2028. Demand is brutal: 58 THD in 2014 a forecasts of up to 580 twh for 2028. An X10. The construction company of Florentino Pérez already works for Meta, Vantage Data Center and other technological giants. Your Turner subsidiary is who is more promoting its recent growth. In figures. The project will generate 600 jobs during construction and 70 initial permanent positions, which will grow up to 245. Coreweave calculates that each direct position will create six additional jobs. The announcement was faced with Donald Trump, which has promised 70,000 million dollars in investments In AI infrastructure. The panoramic. There is some trend that goes beyond ACS: ACCIONA builds solar parks that feed data centers. Electric network exports intelligent network technology. Ferrovial competes for digital infrastructure contracts in the United Kingdom. Spain has found its specialty: we do not invent the AI, but we know how to build buildings, networks and energy infrastructure that makes it possible. Deepen. ACS’s commitment has 2,000 MW in development and another 4,000 MW identified. The company He anticipated this movement in 2023buying land in Madrid for its first data center in Spain, which will operate since 2025. We are not architects of the AI revolution, but good masons. In Xataka | Spain promised them very happy as the power of the data centers. Did not have the heat waves Outstanding image | ACS

Spain gave Huawei the storage of judicial telephone listeners. Now the United States and the EU have questions

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The Interior Ministry He awarded Huawei A contract of 12.3 million euros to store judicial telephone interceptions. How could it be otherwise, this agreement has jumped the alarms in Washington and has asked to review the intelligence exchange agreements with Spain. Brussels on the other hand also shows his concern for the decision. What happened. Spain has renewed a contract with Huawei worth 12.3 million euros so that its Ocenostor servers 6800V store the telephone listeners of the Sitel System, used by the State Security Forces. These are interceptions with judicial authorization, not espionage operations. The government defends that it is a stagnant system, without exterior connection, where Chinese technology represents only a minor part of the set. Why alarm to the United States. The presidents of the American Congress and Senate Intelligence Committees, Tom Cotton and Rick Crawford, have sent a letter to the National Intelligence Director asking to review the agreements Information exchange with Spain. They fear that any data shared with Spanish services can end up in the hands of the Chinese Communist Party, since Huawei is subject to Beijing National Security Laws. His argument is that this could allow China to monitor Spanish research on Chinese spies and other intelligence activities of an NATO ally. Europe shows concern. The European Commission also shows misgivings for the Spanish decision. Several sources recognize that They do not understand the contract And they remember that the EU has evaluated Huawei as a “high risk” supplier. From Brussels insist in that “the cheapest offer is not always the best” and stress that security should be evaluated in any public procurement, even if it is not the most economical option. The Chinese answer. Beijing has entered the rag to Defend Huawei. The spokesman for the Chinese embassy in Spain has described American criticisms as “a typical bullying act” and ensures that it is another example of how Washington “generalizes the concept of national security, politicizes commercial issues and imposes a perverse blockade against Chinese companies.” China defends that Huawei complies with European legislation and asks the United States not to entrust in commercial agreements between its government and Spain. A case with contradictions. Curiously, Spain has already banned Huawei Participate in the deployment of 5G following the guidelines of Brussels and Washington when the whole issue broke out a few years ago, but it seems that it still maintains contracts with the Chinese company as in this case. The European Commission itself, which warned about the “high -risk suppliers”, never extended its veto to this type of applications. Huawei argues that its hardware is simply common flash storage that meets national security regulations and does not have access to customer data. What can happen now. The Spanish government has activated diplomatic channels to reassure Washington about system safety. Several experts have interpreted the American reaction as a “overacting.” Enrique Dans, Professor of Innovation at IE Business School, emphasize that “the question to be asked here is who points out with the finger. The United States themselves that today cross out Spain of irresponsible, accusing it of disloyalty, are those that threaten tariffs of more than 20%.” It remains to be seen if this episode will affect the relationship between the two countries in terms of intelligence. Cover image | Spanish Advocacy and Raw Pixel In Xataka | Huawei states that he is staying behind the chips. It is just what we want us to create

Luxury holidays were unattainable for most in Spain. Now luxury are simply a holiday

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In February they met The results of the living conditions survey (ECV) published by the National Institute of Statistics in Spain (INE). Then a trend was shown: the percentage of population at risk of poverty or social exclusion was placed In 25%. However, from those data now another situation is reflected with the arrival of the “summer”: one in three Spaniards cannot simply be considered a vacation. Spain without rest. I told the weekend The country. In a Spain in which holiday tourism is part of the collective imaginary and GDPmillions of workers live a parallel reality: that of unattainable rest. In the piece they spoke hospitality workers who They had not left on vacation for almost a decade, and not because they do not have days off, but because They cannot afford use them. Background, An endemic evil: With a salary just for above the minimum and a tight domestic economy between rentservices and a shopping basket More and more expensive, travel is simply unthinkable. This group is part 33.4% of Spaniards who, according to The INE surveycannot afford a single week of vacation a year, one of the basic indicators of social welfare according to European standards. The great paradox. The fact reveals that having a job is no longer synonym for well -being: even with the minimum interprofessional salary having Increased 54% from 2018many people still do not reach the month, trapped between scarce income and a cost of life. The rental and housing gap. One of the main factors that determine this holiday deprivation is the regime of possession of The house. While 28.4% of those who have a property cannot go on vacation, among the tenants the figure It rises to 43.4%and reaches 48.7% in social rentals. Housing, more and more expensiveIt consumes a disproportionate part of family income, forcing people to choose between roof or rest. According to Carlos Dirtíaspresident of the European Network for the Fight against Poverty and Social Exclusion (EAPN), this constant financial pressure leads many to also renounce other forms of leisure and recreation, with Psychological and social consequences long range: isolation, loss of roots and growing emotional disconnection with the environment. The impossibility of taking a respite is not just a budgetary problem; It is also a structural threat to collective well -being. The price of non -rest. The testimonies of waiters in The report of El País They illustrate how the lack of effective rest also has emotional effects: anxiety, exhaustion, feeling of stagnation. In others Other casesas in home employees, another angle of the problem arises: those who work while others vacation. Guilt, according to The psychologist Adrián Navalónit is common among those who cannot afford vacations and feel that they lose a basic right. The absence of rest becomes, then, a silent form of emotional wear, which can lead to labor demotivation, chronic stress and low productivity. Inequality symptom. Spain is not alone in this problem, but occupies a position above the European average. Until 2023, 18% of Spanish workers could not afford holidays, in front 15% in the EU team. Among the most vulnerable groups Young people from 16 to 29 years (36.7%) and single -parent families (47.8%), both with additional difficulties to accumulate savings or free time. According to the data of the European Trade Union Institute, more than five and a half million of working people in Spain will spend the summer between employment and the couch, without the possibility of planning a single leisure day away from home. Solutions? As explained in the middlepossibly not only goes to improve wages, but to change the paradigm: assume that vacations are not a luxury or a whim, but a fundamental right that revitalizes the person, family and social fabric as a whole. Image | Jesús Pérez In Xataka | Spain already knows what is the consequence of being a tourist power: that traveling to Mallorca costs as much as traveling to Bali In Xataka | “If you earn 30,000 euros a year, spend between 1,500 and 3,000 is reasonable”: what do financial experts think about holidays

Hybrids have become the best selling car in Spain. Now we know how much it costs to change your battery: a lot

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35.35% of the cars sold in Spain are hybrid. Last yearthe category of hybrids is the one that enrolled most vehicles and right now no other shades in our country. With June datain our country 254,604 hybrid cars have enrolled, by the 192,447 gasoline cars, the second category most purchased in our country. That has been possible by the little trick of the Microhíbridosthat add a small electric battery of very small dimensions, which slightly reduce consumption but, basically, allow manufacturers electrify models with very little investment. That investment, however, adds complexity to the whole. That is, greater problems if we have to make a repair. Because it is not only to replace a battery. In relation to its size, changing the battery of a hybrid is very expensive. And contrary to what we would expect, we will have to leave more money the smaller the battery. Small battery, large cost That is what the International Energy Agency That it states that last year, the average price of a 20 kWh battery pack for a plug -in hybrid had a cost similar to a 65 kWh electric car battery. This is explained for various reasons. The first is that in the report itself it is highlighted that the price of batteries for electric cars in China has been significantly reduced, falling the cost by 30%, compared to 10-15% on average that has fallen in Europe and the United States. Taking into account that China is the country where more electric cars are boughtthis has significantly decreased the average global price of batteries. The second reason is that the battery, large or small, have components that do not vary and, in addition, those of a plug -in hybrid need higher energy and energy density requirements because they are required more power (in relation to their size), which makes the product more expensive. The problem is that, as our partners of Motorpasionthis scale in reverse. The battery of a hybrid is more expensive to that of a plug -in for the same reasons indicated above. Adding that, in addition, many plug -in hybrids are bought (they enter the electric category), which reduces its price global medium. But non -plug -in hybrids are not bought so those prices are not reduced. And everything gets exaced when we get to cars Mildhybrid Or light hybrids, those that carry a small battery of 48 volts (or even 24 volts) and are already indicated as hybrid vehicles. In that case, the average cost of battery replacement is 2,000 euros but in some cars it approaches 3,000 euros if we add the labor. In MotorpasionThey put some interesting examples with 48 volt batteries. For example, within the Volkswagen Group, changing the Audi A6, A7 and Q8 or their sports versions S and RS entails an expense of 3,000 euros, of which 2,500 euros are taken by the battery. In a Volvo XC60, the change in this component entails the disbursement of about 2,000 euros. Prices are not as expensive as in non -plug -in hybrids but when we look at the price to disburse in relation to battery size. For example, the 1.2 kWh battery assembled by the Renault Clio, Captur, Arkana and Symbioz (But also the Dacia Jogger and Duster) It costs 3,500 euros in the official network of the brand. And if we go to the battery that rides the Renault Rafale1.7 kWh, we are already talking about about 4,000 euros. That is, the KWH price of this last case is 2,352 euros but, as we have seen, with that money in some cars of the Volkswagen group we would not change the 48 volt battery and in the case of the Volvo XC60 we would barely have money. In addition to all of the above, it must be taken into account that the replacement of the batteries is usually carried out in official workshops, so the cost of labor is usually superior. At the moment, there are not many independent workshops that are specialized in this type of breakdowns and although the data says that They are growingthe offer remains limited. Photo | In Xataka | I’ve been trying electric cars for years. I bought one of combustion for a single reason

In Spain there is a surname that was for centuries a social conviction. Today thousands and thousands of people use it

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In North Korea there is a word that marks the life of its 26.4 million inhabitants from the cradle: Songbuna term that is usually translated as “origin” or “seed” and that in practice works as A caste system based on the merits of the ancestors. If your grandparents and parents have a good file that translates into a good Songbunwhich guarantees facilities throughout life. Discol ancestors with the regime carry the opposite. In Spain Songbun It sounds distant concept, but for a long time there were certain surnames that complicated the future to those who took them, including an especially popular one that they share today tens of thousands of Spaniards. Surname question. Babies do not arrive with a bread bar under their arm, but they do with something that defines them much more: surnames. Its history is long. And complex. In Rome they already used the Tria payrolla system that identified citizens with several ‘labels’ (roster and cognomen) that went beyond the simple first name and revealed the family clan from which they came. With the passing centuries, surnames have evolved to the current system, sometimes with key changes, such as the driven In the sixteenth century by Cardinal Cisneros and that contributed to the fact that in Spain we have two surnames. But … And when are there no parents? Each of us we have taken surnames of our parents, but … What happens when that figure does not exist? What happens to ‘uprooted’ babies who were abandoned to the gates of churches and end up creating in orphanages, without a known family? In those cases it had to pull inventive, although it was not strange that the institutions resort to certain formulas standard that if for something stood out it was their total lack of touch. In even many children received surnames such as incognito, Diosdado, white or lying. In Catalonia, it was also resorted to Deulofeua formula that can be translated as “God did”. And that to quote only a handful of examples. On other occasions, more imaginative solutions were chosen, such as religious references or the place where the creature had been found, a frequent practice for example in Gipuzkoa for a good part of the nineteenth century. Antton Iparraguirre had a few years ago in Basque newspaper How between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries there were quite a few orphan from Pamplona who received the surname Goñi in tribute to Don Ramiro de Goñi, benefactor of the General Hospital. Distribution of the surname Expósito (as the first last name). The last name of the “abandoned”. Another helpful solution (much less discreet) was surname Expósitoa word that comes from Latin expositus, Exponowhich means “put out.” Expósito thus became the last name of the abandoned, those creatures that their parents disregard because they could not afford their parenting, for shame or because their parents had not recognized them as legitimate. His luck was to end up care of the State or the Church, breastfed by nodrizas. Only the luckiest ended up prohibited. More than a last name. “Expósito was and is more than a surname, it is a label that pointed to both the person who had unknowns, unknown parents, as well as their descendants, since it proclaims the four winds that at some point the origins are uncertain,” Write The genealogist Mireia Nieto in great -grandson. In Your essay On the abandonment of children between the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and the Pamplona orfelineo, historian Lola Valverde also recalls that the figure of the Expósito was presented in a way as that of “a condemned by society.” “As if he were guilty of his situation and to accept his destiny without rebeling, educational approaches are outlined,” he reflects. The last name exposed became a brand, a label that reminded them of for life (them and the rest of society) that were the result of abandonment. The echoes of your stigma can still be found in The regulation of the Civil Registry of 1958, in which the judges are recognized the power to manage changes of the surname “or other analogues, indicators of unknown origin”. A figure: 34,084. The times of the old orfeliners of the old regime, to which children arrived familically and terrified, which reduced their survival possibilities, are already behind, but not the last name exposed. Although it is not even from far as popular as “García”, “Pérez” or “González”, the database The INE shows that today identifies tens of thousands of people in Spain. 34,084 They use it as the first last name, especially in Lugo, Badajoz and part of Andalusia. 37,332 They use it as a second. There are even 382 that are named “Expósito Expósito”. And another Good handful of hundreds that are used. Images | Wikipedia and INE In Xataka | Why the Spaniards, unlike the inhabitants of other countries, we have two surnames

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