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Technology are asking for “AI Fluency” for their vacancies. The problem is that a euro is not being invested in teaching it

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Recently, Andy Jassy, ​​CEO of Amazon told them In a statement to its employees that, in the coming years, their jobs They will change or disappear If they do not learn to use AI tools. Companies pronounced on the same line Like DuolingoZapier or Shopify. That turn towards the domain of AI tools has made A new concept Start appearing in technological employment offers: “ai fluency” or literacy in AI. The new hiring requirement with which companies ask that candidates come formed from home in the use of AI. What is literacy in AI. The literacy in artificial intelligence or “ai fluency” in its English terminology, it refers not only to the basic use of AI in the workplace (where its main value has been shown It is the translation) but the ability to integrate it into processes work to optimize them. Wade Foster, co -founder and CEO of Zapier, said in his X profile that the company had established a new standard when hiring, and 100% of its new employees should be “fluids” in AI. That meant that all his New employment offersThey were going to have a new requirement: “AI Fluency”, regardless of whether it is for a position in sales, product or development. How to define that literacy. Zapier It is not the only which has decided to add this new concept to job offers. It is enough to happen A lap By Glassdoor or other technological employment platforms to begin finding offers that already claim that literacy in AI together with requirements such as experience or mastery of programming languages. One of the most recurring questions that users made to Foster after their message was how literacy is measured in the candidate. Zapier’s manager He replied After a few days including a table with examples of the level of literacy in AI that the candidates should have based on the expectations of the position they aspired. The basis of this table is the level of complexity and integration of AI in their work that each candidate is able to demonstrate. Touch on the table to go to the original message “5 years of experience” for Juniors. At this point no one doubts that The use of AI It will be a basic requirement in most jobs in different degrees, as is the use of office tools. That leads us to the question about whether this new requirement will become another irrational demand in job offers, such as those that human resources professionals They have been denouncing for years. Ask for five years of experience for a junior job, 10 years of experience in a programming language that was invented five or being graduated from a particular university. The curiosity of employees. The key to this new ability to get a job is based on the employee know How AI models workhow to give the right commands and how to generate correction loops so that the AI ​​itself detects its mistakes. However, all this needs Advanced training that, for the moment, it is borne by employees who use AI tools on their own and learn to use it Back to companies. According to data from ‘Autumn Work Force Index of 2024’ Prepared by Slack, 76% of the employees surveyed are willing to form in the use of AI for their work. However, 48% of them They would feel uncomfortable recognizing that they currently use it. Companies do not train their employees in AI. The current reality of literacy in the AI ​​of companies collides frontally with their desires to integrate this technology into their processes. A recent report In Infojobs ensures that 1 in 3 employees uses some type of AI in their work. Of those who usually use it, only 20% say they have received some type of training to integrate it into their job, while 60% say they have not received it, nor are there plans to receive it in the next six months. He annual report Infoempleo and adecco supply and demand for employment in Spain 2024 is even more devastating with its figures: 84.71% have not facilitated any training in artificial intelligence to its employees. Realistic jobs against scarcity. According to A report From the Bank of Spain, 45.8% ensure that the shortage of qualified personnel is the main obstacle to integrate into their processes. Impose literacy criteria in unrealistic the positions for junior positions or who do not need it, can chronify that personnel scarcity and prevent the access to the labor market To the youngest. Imposing unreal requirements makes it generate A talent scarcity equally unreal, not because There are no professionals trained To develop that position, but because companies are not investing in training professionals for those vacancies and expect them to come from home and fit 100% in their vacancies. In Xataka | Of engineers to keyboard operators: AI is converting software programming into a mounting chain Image | Pexels (Cottonbro Studio)

Spain is no longer the ugly duckling of the European technological ecosystem. Now has the opposite problem

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Spain is ceasing to be the lagged technological ecosystem of Europe. The venture capital funds have invested just over 1 billion euros in 95 Spanish startups only in the first quarter of 2025. That represents an 184% increase on the sum collected in the first quarter of 2024, according to a long report published by Sifted. Why is it important. Spain is already the Fourth European country in technological financing this yearand its operations count is already close to Germany and France, with populations and income per capita notably higher. The context. This moment is not accidental, but arrives at the confluence of three factors that have created the perfect storm: The gold fever that is being AI worldwide. Government movements favorable to technology, such as generous fiscal disasters, Visas for Startups and Digital Nomads wave Sett. The appearance of the so -called ‘Mafia founders’: those that have experience in large Spanish companies such as Cabify, Glovo and Job & Talent. There is a turn here: recent rounds are larger and faster to run than before, according to Sifted in statements from sources in the sector consulted. In figures: 95 capital rounds. 910 million euros collected in what we have of a second quarter … … which is 90% more than in the second quarter of 2024. And the trend accelerates: more than half of all financing operations in Spain had at least one foreign investor. The accumulated in what we have of the year is more moderate if we attend to the figures of The referentwhich reach 1,774 million euros compared to 1910, depending on the methodology and type of operations included. In any case, the amount is higher than that of any year except 2021, 2022 and 2024. And we have not even reached the 2025 Ecuador. In the foreground. The big names are here: Between the lines. It is a change that goes beyond money: that there are Spanish founders contacting large investors is a double sign: Increase confidence in your own startups. They look for better conditions than those offered by Spanish funds. This contributes to the gap between British and Spanish equivalent rounds, to give an example, reduce. Yes, but. The background question is whether there really is a change in the trend or if we are simply seeing the consequence of large funds looking for destiny to your money. And that arrival of foreign funds also represents a dilemma for national risk capital: More legitimacy for the ecosystem. But also more competition. Spain has gone from being ignored by the great international funds that its own founders often prefer the conditions that foreign investors can offer. Spanish funds now face a competition that previously existed. The problem contrary to the one they had five years ago. In Xataka | The worst nightmare for governments is to have more pensioners than workers: in Galicia it is already happening Outstanding image | Per Lööv in Unspash

The subsoil of historical cities hides a great garbage vacuum. The problem is that you have to punch

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Tony Soprano, from the great series’The soprano‘He was dedicated to garbage management. It may seem an exaggeration designed for fiction, but as usually happens, fiction surpasses reality. Base management It is a problem for half the world (more now than China decided to stop being our landfill) and move so much money that there is mafias moving from one country to another. In the search for solutions, the definitive company came up with a Swedish company to stop seeing cubes and garbage trucks through the streets: move waste from pipes. It is something that has turned medieval cities into the technological pinnacle of garbage collection. But the day -to -day life of the neighbors is something else. Changing the approach. It all started by chance. At the end of the 1950s, the Sollefte hospital in Sweden was investigating the creation of a central aspiration system to catch dust. One of the participants in the table was OLOF H.Hallstrom, director of Centralsug, the current Waste Waste company, and the idea arose: instead of a giant vacuum For dust, a giant garbage vacuum could be created. So They tell On its website, where they point out that the system was inaugurated in the hospital in 1961 and that it continues to work with many of the original pieces installed more than 60 years ago. But of course, if it works so well in a building, why not expand the network to an entire city? That is no longer so easy. Sollefte basements with garbage collection tubes A giant vacuum. First of all, you have to see how it works. Known as’Pneumatic garbage collection‘O’ Automatic vacuum collection ‘, AVAC from now on, is a giant vacuum connected to a multitude of underground pneumatic tubes. On the surface there are a series of nozzles that are designed for organic or plastic waste (the glass could damage the system) in which the bag is deposited with the waste and, thanks to fans that generate suctions of more than 60 km/h, travel through the tubes to a collection center. Example of one of these nozzles They are classified and loaded into trucks to transport them to their final location. This system reduces the use of trucks and their corresponding pollution, as well as Cubes in the streets. The most current systems include doors that are automatically open and cards in possession of citizens to activate the system. Modernizing historical cities. And that reduction of cubes and trucks circulating is something ideal for any city, but it seems key in locations with two profiles: tourist or old helmets of medieval cities. A clear example is Bergen, a Norwegian city founded in 1070 that is the second most populated in the country and has a historic center full of colorful wooden houses. It has fired several times and the garbage itself can be a focus of fire, so by safety and improve the helmet, they decided to bet on an avac type system. It is one of the 200 cities in the world in which this system has been installed and, as we read in The Washington Postthe diesel emissions Since the garbage trucks stopped circulating along their narrow streets. Among others, Leganés, Barcelona, ​​Barakaldo, Torrent, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Stockholm, Doha or Seoul have neighborhoods in which a pneumatic collection system is used, and in new construction complexes of some cities are also betting on it. Complex. The problem is what you can imagine: the system itself is expensive, but it is also a headache. In new neighborhoods, it is as simple as to pass one more pipe in the streets where there are already other pipes, but in Historical cities Or neighborhoods already built, bet on something like avac implies lifting the streets and performing a considerable work. Bergen’s example is clear. As they point out on TWP, since they made the decision to start building the system in the historic center in 2007, they have invested about 100 million dollars. There are years to finish connecting the entire network and estimate that the cost will be 30 million dollars. Terje Strom, responsible for waste management in the city, says it is “almost impossible.” Contextualizing the figures? It is almost the entire annual budget of the Waste Department. Collection Central in Konza Technolopis, Africa Gamification and penalty. But, leaving cost aside, user experiences seem positive. It is a system that simplifies the garbage, which eliminates full cubes and the truck transit. In Spain we have containersbut in other cities they work with individual cubes that roll through the streets and share the stamp. Not everything is perfect, since although there are no trucks, they do operators who are dedicated to unblocking the mouths when someone introduces something that should not. And beyond not seeing garbage trucks, there are two incentives for citizens. One is the gamification by application That tells us how many kilos we have deposited in real time and compares with the previous month. It also tells us how average we are, since there is a limit. In Bergen, to open waste mouths, residents bring their electronic key, which allows you to register how much discard and collect a rate according to the amount of non -recycled garbage they send to the incinerator. This penalty is something that It has also been seen in South Koreawith positive results regarding the increase in recycling. Not everyone is happy. Beyond installation costs, it seems the perfect system to manage waste. However, looking at what happens in Spanish cities in which these systems have been installed, we see that not everything is so beautiful. There are more than thirty cities that use this pneumatic collection, and in some Failures are reported that cause the tubes to be full due to pipes that do not absorb well. Tubes in a kind of garbage rooms in Leganés. The main problem for users is the diameter of the mouth. Image | Xataka It is something that causes bad odors, as users of … Read more

An island wants to unite Spain and be the autonomous community number 18. The problem is that it belongs to the USA

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It We count A while ago, in front to secessionismboth in Europe and in other continents we find the face of the other currency: movements that what they are looking for is the union against separation. One of them has sounded again these days. Actually, It is not newbut it always gives speaking in the case of a territory Very particular from the United States … and want to be part of Spain. Union is strength. As we said, this Another face of the currency travels shared historical and historical narratives, from the desire of the Moldavos to return to the body of a Romania with which They share languageculture and past, even, as we will see, in the echoes of Imperial nostalgia of some Puerto Ricans who, in a gesture as unusual as revealing, imagine their future not in the 51st star of the American flag, but as an autonomous community number 18 from Spain. Examples There are moresince Tyrol del Sur has revived in the past old belongings Habsburg-Germanic when dreaming of a Reintegration in Austriawhile The “Great Albania” Ethnic-national ghosts were revived yet lit In the Balkans. He Iberismmore lyrical than political, evoked the peninsular union between Spain and Portugal, sustained more by nostalgic intellectuals than by movements with real citizen traction. In parallel, The “Great Hungary” He kept beating on the margins of Magaria nationalism, especially among the Hungarians who were out of the borders after the TRIANON TREATYand in Valonia, a small game dreams of return to France a strip of the old Napoleonic space. The same end. All these movements, although of little practical viability, reveal that identities not only fragment: sometimes too They seek to reconstituteas if the map of Europe, far from stabilizing, was still an unfinished canvas where some villages aspire to join beyond the borders they have to live. Let’s put as an example the Puerto Rico case. A historical link. Among the embers of a Empire that dissolved More than a century ago, there are still territories and movements that, by conviction or nostalgia, aspire to restore the political ties that one day united them to the Spanish crown. This is the case of Puerto Rico, an archipelago that for more than 400 years was an integral part of the Spanish empire and that, after the effects of the Spanish-American war in 1898, was ceded to the United States. Since then, the island has lived in an ambiguous legal status as Associated free state: It is not an independent nation, but neither a sovereign state within the American Federation. In that institutional limbo the MOVEMENT AWARD MEASURESa group that proposes, in a serious although controversial, that Puerto Rico returns to Spain and becomes its autonomous community number eighteen. In other words, the initiative seeks to activate historical, sentimental and legal springs to reverse the course taken more than a century ago, challenging both the structure of the Spanish State and the constitutional rigidity of the United States. Legal obstacles. Obviously it is not so simple. In fact, the legal reality is relentless against the aspirations of the movement. The United States Constitution prohibits any form of territorial secession that is not mediated by Congress, which annuls the possibility of Puerto Rico abandoning its link with Washington without a highly unlikely legal process. On the other hand, Spain lacks a mechanism in its order that contemplates the Incorporation of a territory foreign as a new autonomous community. Although activists They denounce a blackout Informative that prevents the dissemination of their message within Puerto Rico, they claim to have the 16.3% support of the population (figure not verified by independent studies). There is no game. In addition, and very important, being constituted as a cultural association and not as a political party (a limitation imposed by US legislation on entities with proposals incompatible with their federal system) cannot attend elections or develop institutional political activity. All this gives the movement a more symbolic than pragmatic, more provocative than realizable. Background questions. Be that as it may, and despite the obvious limitations, AWAY MEETING Open a peculiar window on the perception of identity in Puerto Rico. In a territory where there is no Right to vote By the president of the United States, where American citizenship is granted without full representation and where Spanish remains the maternal language of the majority, there are sectors that feel culturally closer to Hispanic Europe than to the Anglo -Saxon universe. The phenomenon, although minority, Old debates revives On decolonization, self -determination and belonging, not only from a legal perspective, but also from an emotional, historical and linguistic. Image | Pexels In Xataka | The ghost of secessionism travels Europe In Xataka | A Caribbean island causes a new exodus of millionaires: Puerto Rico

Our reservoirs have a serious structural problem. And experts have been warning us for years

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Drought has been one of the recurring themes of recent years. Both the lack of rains and their diverse consequences have more than a five years in the informative agenda. That is why the question of how much water we have left has asked Very diverse ways. There is only one problem: we are not really able to answer it. Moreover, what we know that our water reserves They are usually below what the data indicates. The reason is in something as natural as erosion and sedimentation processes, but its consequences They have been worrying the experts for years. Throughout their channel the rivers transport small particles of rock and organic matter that tend to accumulate at certain points of the route, either on the river bed, in river deltas or in its meanders. The reservoirs are another of the auspicious places in which the water tends to “release” these particles. The swamp floor Thus tends to accumulate sludge. The first problem that this generates is the loss of swamp capacity. The higher the volume of this occupied by sediments less is the amount of water it can store. The second problem is that we do not know exactly how the sediments accumulate in each swamp since it can vary depending on the characteristics of each basin and each reservoir. If we don’t know how many sediments we have, we can’t be sure how much water we have left. The weight of the terrams Estimates on the weight of the terrain, which is how this accumulation of sediments is known in the reservoirs, vary. A Batimetry Study made in 2018 For the Tajo Hydrographic Confederation in the Entrepeñas and Buendía reservoirs, he estimated that the accumulation of these sediments was insignificant. At the opposite end, Another batimetry studyis made by the Segura Hydrographic Confederation, estimated that its reservoirs could have lost between 10 and 40% of its capacity due to the incidence of this phenomenon. They highlighted the case of the Lorca reservoir, built at the end of the 19th century, which would be at the upper end of this fork. Estimates made for the whole Spanish reservoirs are limited. A study conducted from 110 reservoirs estimated that The loss of capacity could be around 5%. José Luis Casamor and Antoni Calafat, from the University of Barcelona, They warned in 2018 that uncertainty was high in this estimate, since the possibility of extrapolating the results of this study to more than a thousand remaining reservoirs was limited. This is a problem on which experts carry years warning. The study carried out in the Segura Basin, for example, was carried out in 2017, while Casamor and Calafat’s work was published in 2018 in the publication Earth and technology of the ICOG (Illustrious Official College of Geologists). In a second article (also published in 2018) in The conversationCasamor explained that that of terraces was a problem with “faces and difficult execution” solutions “. Cleaning the sediment reservoir bed is an arduous task that requires the emptying of the reservoir, something that can be even more complicated in old reservoirs, explains Casamor. Prevention is a better option for this expert. This is to incorporate knowledge about the accumulation of sediments in the infrastructure design process. Another inclusion of dikes prior to the reservoir may contain the sediments up so that they do not accumulate in the reservoir. Other proposed measures to contain the sediments upstream include reforestation. The plants contain the erosion of the soil, which makes less particles reach the rivers and from there to the reservoirs. In this sense, rural abandonment has also been indicated as partial responsible for the situation. The fires also contribute to the arrival of sediments to the channels, so the fight to contain them can also contribute their grain of sand. In Xataka | The time of truth of the Spanish reservoirs: how are they going to endure the heat after rains that has left them overflowing Image | Ray Raimundo

AMD’s problem is not that it does not make good gpus for ia. Is that it is not even close to Nvidia

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AMD is doing things well, but even doing them still unable to compete with Nvidia. The company has just raised its renewed road map with promising models, but that is not a guarantee of anything to a NVIDIA that will not let its absolute leadership position escape. The problem for AMD is not to be, but get others to take note. IDC consultancy data indicate that Nvidia dominates the AI ​​chips market with 85.2% market dick, for 14.3% AMD. Other analysts like Jon Pedie Research go beyond and According to your data The NVIDIA quota in this segment is 92%. AMD instinct mi350 are just the beginning. The GPUS for IA, which AMD calls “accelerators”, follow its evolution. During the event they presented their family or Instinct Mi350 series with two variants, MI350X and MI355X. According to the manufacturer, these chips are four times higher in general performance with respect to the previous generation, but are up to 35 times more powerful in the field of inference AI (that is, in the practical use of models such as Chatgpt, which “infers” “their responses from our prompts). They have 288 GB of HBM3E memory and a memory bandwidth of 8 TB/s. Its yield is 18.45 pflops in FP4 precision and 9.2 pflops in precision FP8. Instinct Mi400 in 2026. Next year the new family of AMD’s accelerators will arrive. It’s about future MI400 instinctwhich will arrive with up to 432 GB of HBM4 memory, 19.6 TB/s of bandwidth of that memory, and a performance of 40 pflops in precision FP4 and 20 Pflops in precision FP8. These monsters will be sold in future racks with infrastructure “Helios“, that You can house Up to 72 Mi400 with up to 260 TB/s total bandwidth thanks to its interconnection technology, Ultra Accelerator Link. EPYC VENICE. AMD not only talked about GPUS: it also has its future processors for servers in data centers in full development. The Epyc Venice will arrive in 2026 and will be based on Zen 6 architecture. Among the variants, an especially spectacular with 256 cores that will offer up to 70% more performance compared to the previous generation. These processors will be built with future MI400 instinct. They are expected to be manufactured with the N2P (2 Nm) node of TSMC. Helios against Oberon. The aforementioned Rack Helios will compete with not already with the current Nvidia AI server, the GB200 NVL72 which connects 36 CPUS Grace and 72 Gpus Blackwell. He is destined to compete with his successor, which has Oberon’s code name and will use IA B300 GPUS with Vera Rubin architecture. The yields and benefits of these future racks are absolutely dizzy, and for example their Precision Power FP8 is 1.4 Exaflops. The same in some things, better in others. AMD promises to match NVIDIA in several sections, but also ensures that it will exceed it remarkably (50% more) in memory quantity and width, something crucial for training and inference AI. Be careful, because at the end of 2027 NVIDIA prepares the Rubin Ultra architecture, which promises racks with up to 5 Exaflops in FP8 precision, three times more than Helios or Oberon. In 2027 we will have another “summer”. The AMD roadmap goes further, and they have already prepared the development of their new generation of chips for summer Epyc servers, which will replace the Epyc Venice. These CPUS will be paired with the future MI500X instinct, and it is expected – although it is not safe – that both types of chip take advantage of the one already announced TSMC A16 node (1.6 Nm), which will begin to be used at the end of 2026. There are no specifications for these developments, surely because they will depend on the manufacturing node that AMD ends up using to produce them. Frantic race. All these ads show that AMD does not want to be left behind in that race to place their solutions in data centers worldwide. The Crusoe company, which is dedicated to the construction of large AI data centers, advertisement A few days ago I would spend 400 million dollars in AMD’s chips, and even Sam Altman, CEO of OpenAi, made a surprise appearance During the inaugural talk of the Lisa Su, CEO of AMD event. Altman said they will also use AMD chips in the data centers they use, and highlighted that the new AMD ia gpus “will be somewhat amazing.” AMD presumes to be more efficient (and cheap). AMD’s message was clear during the event: its MI355 offer much more efficiency and are cheaper than NVIDIA B200 and GB200 with comparable yields. The sales prices of those GPUS are not known, but we do know that at the beginning of 2024 the MI300x of AMD They cost a maximum of $ 15,000 for the more than $ 40,000 that cost The NVIDIA H100. The biggest challenge is still CUDA. The benefits of AMD AI chips are not in fact the problem of this company. Detailed studies revealed months ago that MI300X are clearly higher than NVIDIA H100 and H200 on performance and power. However, Nvidia has a Cudathe de facto standard in the industry for services of services and applications of AI. Using AMD native software is feasible, yes, but software experience, They assured in SEMIANALYSIS“Software is full of errors that make training (AI models) with AMD it is impossible.” AMD’s hope is Rocm. In that AMD event also presented Rocm 7, the latest version from your own Open Source programming platform for your GPUS. In AMD they indicated that this version is 3.5 times more powerful than Rocm 6, and even claim that it is 30% more powerful than CUDA in the B200 when serving the model Deepseek R1. Even so, they indicate In another report of semi -health, it is still lower in some sections. Getting that component allows developers to take advantage of all the potential of AMD’s chips is precisely key to the future of those efforts. Even … Read more

The only bugatti you can buy costs only 211,000 euros. The problem is that you can never drive it

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Luxury does not know limits and Bugatti has just proved it once more. At least in regard to purchasing power of its customers. Not happy with manufacturing some of the most exclusive cars on the planet, now Bugatti has allied with a crystal artisan and a jeweler to continue exploring Other areas of luxurybeyond that including its supercar. Your last piece: a craft jewel that You will not be able to get out of the garagebut it costs the same as a Porsche 911: A board watch With the bugatti seal. The passage of time in the history of Bugatti To give life to this clock, Bugatti has joined forces with two reference names in the world of luxury: the artisan of the Lalique glass and the prestigious jeweler Jacob & Co. Together they have created the Bugatti Calandre, a piece inspired by the design of the mythical Bugatti Type 41 Royalea sports limousine built between 1927 and 1933 by Ettore Bugatti and his son Jean, of which only six units were produced worldwide. The Bugatti Type 41 Royale It is considered One of the most exclusive and luxurious cars in the history of the brand, and its spirit and design lines are now moved to this board watch. One of the characteristics more distinctive of Type 41 Royale It was the sculpture of an elephant located on the radiator cap, work of Rembrandt Bugatti, brother of the brand’s founder. This figure became an emblem of elegance and refinement of the brand, and now comes back to life in the Bugatti Calandre. The clock has two statues of erect elephants on their hind legs, which faithfully mimic the historical Type 41 Bugatti supercar. Bugatti Type 41 Royale A Bugatti Tourbillon on the table In the center of La Calandra are the clock handles, while a little below you can admire the mechanism of the clock developed by Jacob & CO, which had already collaborated with the car manufacturer in Your wrist watches. The mechanism is discovered from Tourbillon type Formed by 189 components, which hooks with its hypnotic movement. The clock has an eight -day march autonomy, and has an exclusive rope mechanism integrated in its rear of carefully polished steel. In the upper part, Bugatti’s macaron stands out in the same way that looks in the brands of the brand, highlighting for its characteristic red color. Coroning the assembly, a carved precious stone using the exclusive Jacob & Co cut system in the form of a ball with 288 facets that increase the reflection of the light on its surface. It’s watch, it costs like a car Although its design can be a matter of tastewhat does not admit discussion is that Bugatti Calandre is a piece reserved for very few. At least for its price. Following the scarcity strategy Bugatti, manufacturers trio has agreed to manufacture only 99 units of this exclusive clock whose price amounts to $ 240,000, which is equivalent to something More than 210,000 euros to the current change. For that price, there is a wide variety of jewels on wheels but, as they highlight in Motorpasiona lot approaches what a Porsche 911 would cost. This board watch thus becomes a new exclusivity symbol, designed for those looking for something More than a luxury car: a work of art that can only be admired in the intimacy of a private room … always that you can afford it. In Xataka | In Austria, a radar has hunted a bugatti chiron at 123 km/h: the driver ran out of card and without a car Image | Unspash (Nejc Soklič), Wikimedia Commons (Johannes Maximilian), Jacob & Co

Córdoba has been trying to finish a road for 20 years. Now they have encountered a problem: Ruins Mozárabes

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Doing works in a city like Córdoba is a risk task. From time to time, in Spanish cities we find new vestiges of previous eras. An example is the ruins under the door of the sun or the Otero orchard deposit in Mérida. Córdoba is another level and, during preventive excavations under the layout of a future and important road, they have found new Christian ruins. They are not just a few more archaeological remains: this finding provides unique context to the coexistence between Christians and Muslims in Islamic Cordoba. Short. The northern round of Córdoba will be the road that It will close The city ring. It is a complex project that has been carried out in phases and that has been controversial Due to neighborhood complaints motivated by noise that will generate the increase in traffic. During preventive excavations, and how we read in Cordopolisthey found something that will further delay the project: a set of structures that date back to the seventh century. And the date is relevant because it would contribute new context to the Córdoba of those first decades of Islamic domination. By layers. Córdoba is a large city, but the Islamic Córdoba was even greater. With the passing of the centuries, the city was diminishing due to the new urban projects, which were building on the remains of the past. Mosque itself is an example of that construction in phases and, although in an exaggerated way, of that building on the above. When it is excavated to do works, it is not uncommon to run with remains of Islamic neighborhoods, but the interesting thing about this new finding is the cult difference: the Christian. A cult that, due to the progressive Islamization from the city, he left displacing towards the most peripheral areas. The remains. In Cordopolis, Alberto León, professor of archeology at the University of Córdoba, comments that there was a record of the destruction of Christian temples at the dawn of the seventh century. Subsequently, Abderramán’s “pact” was allowed, allowing the coexistence of the cults. The problem is that no remains of those constructions made by the Mozarabic. That is why the complex discovered under the future North round Be so relevant. Presents Tapial walls (clayey earth compacted with blows) and a pool of about 50 meters. Archaeologists have been inspecting the place since the end of last year, and it is now when they point out that it would be a monastic building, probably divided into areas for men and women, with clarifying columns arranged, as you can see in the photosaround a patio and that the pool could be a baptistery. The lost basilica. Ángel Ventura is a professor at the University of Córdoba and one of those who is inspecting this monastic complex. In Córdoba newspaper He launched the hypothesis that the ruins could belong to a possible basilica in honor of Santa Eulalia de Mérida. It was a martyr that had great importance for the Cult in the city And there were documents that implied the existence of “their” basilica, but without having been found. Clue. In the end, this discovery will allow to have more context about the coexistence between Christians and Muslims, but it is also relevant because, according to Alberto León, “is one of the two examples of existence of a Christian cult complex in Islamic neighborhoods.” The researchers continue to study the place to determine their function, chronology, when it was abandoned and launch hypothesis about the coexistence between the different cultures of the city. What is clear is that there had to be many more like this in the suburbs, so future excavations could even show more context about that peculiar era of religious coexistence in the Islamic Córdoba. And also that it would be necessary delay or even rethink the work of the road to be able to study this important finding. Image | Toni Castillo Quero, Dolores Mª Macías Naranjo In Xataka | The dilemma of Córdoba is that of many other Spanish cities: install plates or conserve its heritage

An old island has been discovered by accident under the sea full of rare land. The problem is that it has no owner

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We are approaching a point where to say that rare earth moves the world in general, no Only the technological oneno longer sounds so hyperbolic. It happens that a single nation has most of the cake right now. We already said it, China has built The most elegant economic power lever in modern history with those desired minerals. Hence, the rest of the nations strive to find the new “gold” where there is a track, however small. An underwater island has emerged as possibility, the problem is for whom. An accidental finding. The story began when an international team of scientists discovered that a part of the known underwater highlands Like Rio Grande Riselocated about 1,200 kilometers from the coast of Brazil, it was actually A tropical island Tens of millions of years ago. Although training was already known by the scientific community as a chain of volcanic mountains submerged from The late cretaceousthe New research revealed that their western part was once above sea levelforming a terrestrial ecosystem that gradually disappeared under the waters due to tectonic activity and the weight of the accumulated volcanic rock. Revelation not only transforms the understanding of the paleoclimatic geography of the region, but also opens the door to a possible International dispute for its valuable mineral resources. The keys of the past. The discovery began in 2018 when British and Brazilian scientists noticed that certain rocks in the marine bed of the Rio Grande Rise They showed an unusual composition, more similar to lava deposits and terrestrial red clay than to marine formations. Published subsequent studies in Scientific Reports They confirmed that this clay (rich in kaolinite, hematite and goetite, typical tropical soil minerals) was not only a rarity in the oceanic background, but an unequivocal evidence that this segment of the high plateau was emerged between 44 and 47 million years agoduring The Eocene. With a very high chemical alteration index (93), these clays reveal an intense subaéreal weathering and a warm and humid climate, with implications that go beyond geology: the island could have been a stop point For migratory birds Between South America and Africa, offering one more piece in the puzzle of the biological exchanges of the past. A mineral treasure. But there is more, of course. Beyond its scientific value, the Rio Grande Rise houses an invaluable economic wealth. Their Ferromanganese scabs contain high levels of Essential metals As cobalt, nickel and lithium, all fundamental for the global energy transition, from batteries for electric vehicles to wind and solar energy storage. However, what attracts the most attention is your rare earth concentrationespecially the ititrium, a whitish and soft metal used in strategic technologies: aerospace alloys, superconductors, industrial lasers, LEDs and precision lenses. In a context where China overwhelmingly dominates the extraction, refined and manufacture of these materials (with Up to 90 % of world production), any new source acquires critical geopolitical importance. It is no accident that the Brazilian interest in this area has intensified after Beijing’s decision to restrict export. The dilemma of sovereignty. And here lies the big problem. The Brazilian government He has shown A clear intention to claim the Rio Grande Rise as part of its continental platform, based on the argument that training He was united to the continent in the past. However, the highlands is 652 nautical miles from the coast, very outside the limit of The 200 established by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea to delimit exclusive economic zones. This raises a challenge legal and diplomatic Complex, in which Brazil will seek to strengthen its exploration rights without violating international agreements. At the same time, warnings arise on the impact that an eventual mining exploitation could have little studied in depth ecosystems. Thus, the tension between the economic use of these resources and the need to preserve marine biodiversity appears as unresolved background dilemma. Global competition. In this way, the ancient island of Rio Grande Risetoday hidden under kilometers of water and centuries of geological oblivion, has reappeared as a Unexpected actor in the race for the strategic resources of the 21st century. Fosilized red soils, formed under disappeared tropical jungles, now lie next to metal scabs coveted by industries around the world. If you want, the finding not only highlights the scientific value of oceanic missions, it also exposes the growing global competition for those critical minerals in so many areas. In that new power map, where the control of raw materials marks the border between technological independence and structural dependence, even a sunk island millions of years ago can tip the balance of the future. Or at least that Think Brazil. Image | Pexels In Xataka | What are the rare earths, the elements that move the technological world and separate China from the West In Xataka | The great promise of Deng Xiaoping: China has waited more than 30 years to control the world economy with rare earths

The problem is that they are girls under 10 years

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A few weeks ago, while queued in Druni with a shampoo in my hand, I heard two girls – you think of the 12 years – to discuss whether to buy a hyaluronic acid or retinol, both products of The Ordinary brand. A short time later, in the supermarket, three others of the same age were buying masks and discussed whether to carry a serum of vitamin C. Although the latter had a quick outcome: “We take it to my mother, she will not realize,” said one of them. Stunned by this scene, I did not avoid asking if this situation is increasingly common or if it is the reflection of an alarming trend. More and more cases. A quick review of social networks confirms that the Alpha generation (born after 2010) It is obsessed with the Skincare and makeup, driven by networks like Tiktok. But behind the hauls of products and 10 -step routinesthere are real risks: allergies, dermatitis, self -image disorders and even exposure to endocrine disruptors. The problem. A recent study Posted in Pediatrics He analyzed 100 Tiktok videos where girls between 7 and 18 years showed their facial care routines: they used an average of six daily products (some up to twelve), with ingredients such as exfoliating acids or peptides. The result is evident and visible from irritations, cosmetic acne to sun sensitization. However, the damage goes even further, like He explained to The Guardian Dr. Molly Hales, director of the study, “76% of products contain allergens as fragrances.” In addition, only 26% of these routines include sunscreen, which causes a concern about skin health. The virality for perfect skin. “We have entered an era where childhood sells us in jars of aesthetic products,” He has denounced In The Independent Ellen Atlanta, author of Pixel Flesh: How Toxic Beauty Harms Women. What began as sporadic masks has become a crisis: girls who at 10 years They use retinoids -Ingredient for mature skins– while influencers in Tiktok promise “crystal skin”. From Save the Children They already warned of the exhibition of minors on social networks, where 58% of children from 10 years navigate on the network. What the skin says. Dermatologist Emma Wedgeworth He has warned in The Independent That the use of inappropriate products can deteriorate the skin barrier and increase the risk of allergic eczema and dermatitis. However, there are more and more girls between the 8 and 15 years that suffer what experts call cosmeticorexia, a compulsive need to use unnecessary cosmetic products, even harmful, according to The Spanish has detailed. A market niche. Marks, social networks and, often unintentionally, parents themselves are sending the Alpha generation towards this new consumption, since they are easily influenced and are constantly connection. Just see how Sephora or other stores have turned the Skincare In a children’s party game. The recommendations are clear. Both dermatologists and psychologists have coincided with the same: limit access without supervision to social networks, provides real self -esteem models and maintain a simple care routine based on cleaning, hydration and sun protection. “10 -year girls who think that without makeup are not worth enough. It is an alarm sign,” He explained The psychologist Jennifer Cano in Spanish. Beyond aesthetics. Instead of occupying the parks or playing with toys, a turn is being observed for the fashion trends of social networks. Now we must bear in mind that these interests, far from being a passing phase, are integrated from an early age and mold the relationship with the body and image over time. Image | Tiktok Xataka | There are people recommending to sew the leg on albal paper. There is zero evidence to work

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