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That is why it has a 500,000 million plan

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Taiwan is a worldwide potential in semiconductors. TSMC leadership In this industry, and to a lesser extent the economic performance of other Taiwanese companies also very relevant, such as Foxconn or UMC, has placed its economy Among the twenty -five major on the planet. Usually moves between positions 21 and 22, what is not bad if we are in mind that the island’s population barely exceeds 23 million people. However, if we stick to the thriving artificial intelligence (AI) Taiwan for the moment does not have much to say. TSMC manufactures most of the market chips, but in the field of large language models for ia who are currently singing voice are USA and China. Europe and other powers are trying to make their way not to fall back in A sector of undoubted strategic importancebut until now Taiwan has been essentially irrelevant. This is about to change. Taiwan plans to launch its initiative “Ten great AI infrastructure projects” The US government led by Donald Trump is determined to lead in the field of the cost of what costs. And in principle this initiative, baptized by the new administration as ‘Stargate project’will cost 500,000 million dollars. This money will leave the coffers of the Japanese investment group SoftBank; of those of OpenAI, the creators of Chatgpt; of those of Oracle, and, finally, it will also be provided by the investment firm Emiraratí MGX. Taiwan is going to bet if it fits as strong as the US. And is that, According to ReutersPrime Minister Cho Jung-Tai has confirmed that the government will expand investment in innovation in AI in more than 3,000 million dollars with the purpose of generating more than more than 510,000 million in economic value From here to 2040. This money will come from the administration and from the venture capital companies. Its investment is much more restrained than that of the US, but if we have the difference between the volume of these two economies there is no doubt that Taiwan’s effort is very large. The Taiwanese government will expand investment in innovation in AI in more than 3,000 million dollars And it is because its economy is at stake. In fact, the government expects the development of its infrastructure of the generation of 500,000 new jobs. In addition, he plans to tuning three research laboratories in international reference in a clear attempt to support China’s pulse, which leads with the US in IA. Nevertheless, Cho Jung-Tai has confirmed that there are three other technologies that also have a strategic priority for Taiwan. The first one is the Fotonic silicona discipline that seeks to develop the technology of this chemical element to optimize the transformation of electrical signals into light pulses. The most obvious field of application of this innovation is the implementation of High performance links That, on paper, they can be used both to solve communications between several chips and to optimize the transfer of information between several machines. Another technology that also has enormous strategic importance for Taiwan is the binomial formed by Quantum computing and quantum telecommunications. In this area lead and China lead. And finally, the application of AI to robotics is also essential for the Taiwanese government. In fact, Young Liu, the president of Foxconn, leads a working group called “Great Alliance of the Robotics of Taiwan” who seeks to place the island in the head in a sector that has enormous growth potential. More information | Reuters In Xataka | Huawei attacks Nvidia positions in China: he wants to have dominant hardware in inference processes in AI

Openai and Oracle prepare a brutal data center with 2 million chips for ia

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The plan ‘Stargate’ It is the great bet of the government led by Donald Trump to keep the US at the head of development in artificial intelligence (AI). When this project was made public on January 22, it hit the economic endowment that would make it possible: nothing less than 500,000 million dollars. This money will leave the coffers of the Japanese investment group SoftBank; of those of OpenAI, the creators of Chatgpt; of those of Oracle, and, finally, it will also be provided by the investment firm Emiraratí MGX. These companies will support the construction during the next four years of an advanced network of data centers that will house the high performance computing infrastructure necessary to sustain US leadership in the AI field. The spearhead of these facilities is already being built in Texas (USA), in a town called Abilene. And it is colossal. In fact, this first data center of the ‘Stargate’ project will bring together, According to OpenAimore than two million chips for ia. 4.5 GW Dan for a lot When the US government announced to Bombo y S pay this plan left a great question open: how did he plan to solve the supply of electricity required by the new facilities? Large data centers for AI consume a lot of electricity, which has caused Some technology have opted for investing in nuclear centrals to guarantee the supply of electricity that these facilities require. Oracle began to install the first ‘racks’ with NVIDIA B200 platform servers in June At the moment this question is not completely resolved. And it is not because the ‘Stargate’ infrastructure should be completely ready before President Trump’s current mandate expires, and a new nuclear power plant can hardly come into operation in four years. Even so, Openai and Oracle have formalized A few hours ago they have reached an agreement to build the necessary infrastructure to Deliver additional 4.5 GW to your data centers. Interestingly, SoftBank does not participate in the financing of this expansion, although, as I mentioned a few lines above, it does in the ‘Stargate’ project. According to OpenAia part of the gigantic Abilene data center is already in operation. In fact, Oracle began installing the first racks With platform servers B200 of NVIDIA In June. It is surprising that in just six months a part of this installation is already active, but it is important that we do not overlook that the Abilene data center seeks to demonstrate that the ‘Stargate’ plan is viable within the deadline that those responsible have promised. Anyway, in this equation there is another unknown that also has a lot to say: China. “We hope that China significantly increase its investments in AI and semiconductors in response to the US domain in AI,” CBM consultancy analysts foresee. It makes sense. These two great powers world supremacy are being disputedso it is understandable that each significant step that give one of the two Receive a more or less overwhelming answer from the other. We can be sure that 2025 will be an even more agitated year than 2024 in the geopolitical and technological fields, so we will be attentive to the steps that US and China will surely give. Image | Christina Morillo More information | OpenAI In Xataka | Huawei attacks Nvidia positions in China: he wants to have dominant hardware in inference processes in AI

800 million invested so far from 2025

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Amancio Ortega is the First fortune from Spain and Puja for being from Top 10. Only with Inditex, his Golden Eggs, Receive 98 euros per secondand that money he earns with the company of his eyes, reinvested him in Pontegadea. It is about Amancio investor armand in recent years he has dedicated himself to buying expensive buildings all over the world with a single objective: to become one of the largest homemade on the planet. And in what we have been in 2025, 800 million euros has already been scratched. Hotelito in Paris. Pontegadea is leaving a lot of money in buying buildings. The idea is that Amancio is homemade from his own stores, but there is a lot behind. An example is the 87,000 m² primark distribution centerowned by Pontegadea. Primark is the main rival of Inditex in Europe and its flagship store in Gran Vía in Madrid, with its 12,500 meters, also It belongs To the company of Amancio. One of the latest acquisitions of this real estate arm is a hotel in Paris that belonged to the Spanish chain Derby Hotels. As we read in Europa Pressthe hotel is located in a historic building in the center of the French capital and Derby took him in 2007 for 75 million. Now, Pontegadea has disbursed about 97 million through the building. And Sabadell in Florida. That amount remains in nothing if we compare it with an office tower in Florida that, as we read in ELECONOMISTthe Amancio company would also have acquired these last days. It is about Sabadell Financial Centera 30 -story building in which they are, among other offices, those of Banco Sabadell in Miami, for a whopping 275 million dollars. As the economic environment points out, the agreement must be closed, but if it became, it would become the largest sale of offices so far this year in the southern zone of Florida. Sabadell Financial Center in Miami 2025 of tremendous expense. These two acquisitions (again, in the absence of closing the agreement with KKR by Sabadell Financial Center) are an example that Pontegadea does not raise the foot of the accelerator. It is one of the most active real estate companies in Europe, with total assets valued at 110,000 million euros and the firm intention of not ceasing to grow. You have to add your New “Headquarters” in Luxembourgother skyscrapers of 46 plants and 259 floors in Florida for about 165 million dollars, Offices in Dublin For 70 million dollars and another huge investment in Spain: 250 million euros for the 28,000 square meters of the Planeta Group headquarters in Barcelona. Grupo Planeta headquarters Everything remains at home. As we said some lines, the goal of Pontegadea – and from Amancio – is to become one of the world’s largest. Unless you have plans to take your own offices to those buildings, you acquire them to realize them, as we have seen in the case of Primark. And they are rented to the competition, to Amazon and other technological ones, to tenants in the luxury floors of Florida’s skyscrapers or their own companies. The reason? Much of the Inditext stores around the world are on properties that are from Pontegadea. Everything remains at home and is a way of protecting against market fluctuations. If your clothing store is in your own building, They do not affect you uploads of rentFor example. It is another way of diversifying the business, a key strategy among billionaires and that in Inditex itself we have seen with brands such as Oysho consolidating as a brand of sportswear (in principle they focused on underwear and being at home) or with their Zachaffé coffee shop chain. Images | 1111brickellGtres In Xataka | Millionaires found in the luxury watches a refuge value. Now the bubble has exploded

The largest piece on Mars on Earth has just sold for 5.3 million dollars

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A Roca from Mars which was found in the Sahara desert in November 2023 has sprayed all records in an auction in New York. A 25 -kilogram meteorite. The largest piece of Mars found on Earth already owns, and is an anonymous buyer who won the Sotheby’s auction After a bid of 4.3 million dollars. Will pay 5.3 millionif we add taxes and fees, the highest price ever paid by a meteorite. The rock, baptized as NWA 16788, weighs no less than 24.67 kilograms. With its almost 38 centimeters long, it is 70% larger than the previous largest Martian meteor. From Mars to an anonymous collector. NWA 16788 had traveled 225 million kilometers when a meteorit hunter took him in the remote region of Agadez, in Niger. It did not gently detach from Mars. He was torn from his surface due to the impact of such a violent asteroid that liquefied part of his minerals and catapulted him to space. From there, he undertook a trip of about 225 million kilometers before the earthly gravity attracted him. Its reddish cortex and depressions on its surface are the scars of its entrance through our atmosphere. It is now officially a luxury object that shows that it is possible to speculate with Martian soil. The extraterrestrial market is booming. This sale is not an isolated event, but the confirmation of an upward trend. The meteorit market is an active niche where the rarity, size and history of rocks trigger prices, but none has reached a price as high as NWA 16788. The one that was closest was the Fukang meteoritefamous for its embedded Olivino gems. In 2008, the Bonhams house tried to sell it for 2 million dollars. Pujadores preferred to invest their money in the fossilized manure of a dinosaur that was 130 million years old. In 2021, the Christie’s house sold a Martian meteorite for $ 200,000. Who knows if we will see it in a museum. The sale of such a singular meteor has revived, as expected, an old controversy in the scientific community. Many regret that a piece of incalculable value for science and dissemination can end up in a private battleship chamber. Being anonymous, the buyer’s intentions are unknown Fortunately, not all meteorite is lost to science. A reference sample has been preserved at the Purple Mountain Observatory, in China to analyze it. Image | Sotheby’s In Xataka | The largest piece of Mars on Earth is not in a museum, or a laboratory: it is in a auction house

spend 500 million in magnets

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Apple has been the objective of Threats and criticism of Donald Trump from the beginning of the tariff crisis. The president of the United States has recently demanded to manufacture the iPhone in the country or pay a 25%tariff. Not only asks to leave China, Nor does India workwhat was it The great alternative. In the absence that from Cupertino they inform about structural changes, Apple has announced An investment of 500 million dollars in MP Materials, a snow -based company that, according to the company, is the only integrated producer of Rare earth of the country. Magnets, fuck (Jesse Pinkman said). Manufacturing the iPhone in the United States is unfeasible for Apple if you want to avoid one of 2,300 dollarsbut the company will invest in the local economy as they ask from the government. And the plan, for the moment and in part, passes through magnets. Specifically, neodymium magnets from rare earths manufactured in the country, and developed in Fort Worth, Texas. The magnets They are essential on the iPhone and in a lot of modern electronics: key load component by MagsafeThey are also crucial in microphones and speakers. The supply of the first rare earth magnets will begin in 2027. A larger plan. The 500 million dollars are more than an acquisition of materials. Apple and MP Materials have announced investment in the Texas plant, but also the construction of a new Mountain Pass recycling plant, California. In it they will reprocess recycled materials, as old components of used devices, which they will use in Apple products. However, the announcement not only remains in them: they will distribute magnets all over the world before the growing demand of rare earth magnets, in the electronics sector, but also in motor, aeronautics and military. The 500 million are framed within a much larger investment already announced by Apple in full tariff threat: 500,000 million dollars Over the next few years, with which they seek to build an AI servers in Houston, dated 2026, and an industrial training center in Detroit. Washington wink is clear. The Apple statement justifies the need to make this investment in a local company, but in the background is the fact of demonstrating to the federal government that they are prioritizing the national economy. Tim Cook mentioned that “American innovation promotes everything we do in Apple, and we are proud to deepen our investment in the US economy.” In addition, it also responds to Trump’s objective to create national technological employment: “The increase in production will generate dozens of new jobs in advanced manufacturing and research and development.” Now they do not mention complete figures, but the commitment of the 500,000 million promised to create 20,000 jobs. Own interests. Achieving a local supply, Apple also gains autonomy against China, authentic world dominator of rare earths: controls 70% of production and 90% of its processing. Trump’s threats turned against the country’s technology, because the Asian country Blocked the export of its most valuable rare earths. Fighting the great limitations of the country. Tim cook has said in the past that They cannot manufacture in the United Statesamong other things, due to lack of industrial knowledge. In that sense, the statement affirms that companies “will provide extensive training to develop the workforce, creating a completely new group of talent and experience of USA. In the manufacture of magnets.” By him Liberty PhoneWe know that achieving a 100 % American smartphone is tremendously complicated. His CEO said that “but there are some pieces that simply do not have supply chain,” so they will have to continue working to improve availability. The ironic is that not even the T1 of Trump Mobile will achieve be manufactured in the country. Image | Xataka and Pixabay In Xataka | The loss of the Broadcom chips factory is a malazo for Spain. Now you have to trust everything to your plan B

Some astronomers analyzed the “Big Bang sound.” Now they believe that the Earth is in a vacuum of 2,000 million light years

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Cosmology has a huge problem. It is known as hubble tension and suggests that the nearby universe is expanding faster than the distant and primitive universe He is telling us. Something does not fit. Now, a disturbing study offers a solution. The big problem of cosmology. Hubble tension is One of the biggest headaches of modern physics. On the one hand, we have the measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB), the oldest light in the universe. When applying the standard cosmological model (LBDACDM), these observations show a 67.4 km/s/mpc hubble constant. On the other hand, when The expansion of the universe is measured Using nearby objects such as standard candles (a type of supernova), a significantly higher value is obtained: about 73 km/s/mpc. This difference, that the most recent data places in a tension of more than 5Sigma (a level that in particle physics is considered a discovery), refuses to disappear. A disturbing explanation. A new study Prepublished in Arxiv proposes a solution as elegant as depressing. That the discrepancy is not in our measurements, but in our location. According to Indranil Cosmologists Banik and Vasileios Kalaitzidis, we could be living in the center of a gigantic cosmic vacuum, a “bubble” of 2,000 million light years in diameter with a density 20% lower than the universal average. The test, they affirm, It is in the “Big Bang sound”. A local vacuum. The idea of the local vacuum is not new: it is known as the empty KBC (Keenan-Barger-Cowie, in honor of the astronomers who proposed the idea based on the galaxies count). If our galaxy, the Milky Way, were in a region with less matter than normal, the severity of the surrounding, densest areas, would “throw away” out. This effect, added to the general expansion of the universe, would cause nearby galaxies to move away from us faster than normal. “This would give the appearance of a faster local expansion rate,” explains Indranil Banik, of the New Research. The Hubble tension problem would thus become a local phenomenon, without the need to revolutionize the entire cosmological model. The sound of the Big Bang as proof. What the new study of Banik and Kalaitzidis contributes is a much more fundamental test based on barionic acoustic oscillations. Although we call them “the sound of the Big Bang”, they are not sound waves that we can hear. They are the traces that left the pressure waves that spread through the superdense plasma of the primitive universe. These waves were “frozen” about 380,000 years after the Big Bang and created A characteristic pattern in the distribution of matter. This pattern works as a cosmic rule of about 500 million light years in length, which astronomers use to measure the expansion of the universe to different eras. The results. The team analyzed 20 years of measurements and compared them with two scenarios: on the one hand, the homogeneous standard model, without emptiness; and on the other, the model that includes the empty KBC. The results, presented at the National Astronomy Meeting 2025 of the Astronomical Society Royal, are blunt. According to the statistical analysis of the study, the model with a local vacuum conforms to the data in a spectacularly better way. While the standard model has a 3.3sigma voltage with observations, vacuum models reduce it to only 1.1sigma –1.4sigma. Calmly. The researchers consider “demonstrated” that A vacuum model is about 100 million times more likely than a model without emptiness. However, it is a preliminary study, which has not yet gone through the pairs review. Previous studies set very strict limits to the existence of such an influential vacuum, concluding that it is not enough to explain the entire Hubble tension. They also propose early dark energy as a solution. But Banik’s work offers one of the strongest evidence to date that the Earth could be in a very lonely region of the universe. Image | Greg Rakozy (UNSPLASH) In Xataka | The James Webb and Hubble telescope coincide in the expansion of the universe. And physics fails to explain why

France needs to cut 40,000 million euros. And he has decided to start for something sacred in Europe: the holidays

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In France there are officially 11 holidays nationals per year, all established through Code du travail (Labor Code). In Spain, on the other hand, we cannot complain: “We enjoy” up to 14 of this type of day. It happens that the French have come up with an idea to refloat their maltrecha economy: start removing holidays from the labor calendar. That Europe trembles. Delete the party. French Prime Minister François Bayrou has presented One of the most radical and politically risky budgetary proposals of the last decades in France: freezing public spending, cutting pensions and social benefits, suppressing two national holidays and applying a new “solidarity contribution” to the great fortunes. Its objective: prevent the country from succumbing under the weight of a public debt that this year It will devour 62,000 million of euros only in interest, an amount equivalent to the combined expense in defense and education. In an appearance that defined as “the moment of truth”, Bayrou warned that France runs the risk of falling into a debt crisis similar to that of Greece in 2008 if it does not act in decision, and launched a message to the citizens: “We have become addicted to public spending. We must all make an effort.” The cost of two holidays. Among the most controversial measures, the holiday suppression of the Easter Monday And on May 8 (Victory Day), with which the Executive estimates Save 4,200 million of euros. France has 11 national holidays, compared to the eight of the United Kingdom or the 14 of Spain, which according to Bayrou is An incompatible luxury With the current fiscal situation. The measure aims to increase the number of working days as an indirect tool To stimulate economic growth. But beyond immediate savings, the elimination of days of deep historical and cultural burden represents a high -voltage political challenge, one that has aroused a transverse rejection in Parliament and public opinion. The attack on collective memory symbols, in a country where the history of world wars is a national identity pillar, has turned the proposal into an emotional catalyst. Structural austerity. Bayrou’s budget plan includes 44,000 million euros In tax and cuts increases. Among them, a general freezing of public spending by 2026 (which has been called A Année Blanche) without automatic inflation reviews, and without increases in pensions or social protection programs. This single measure would save 7.1 billion euros, the second largest component of the plan. The Rationalization of health expenditureincluding medications and low disease, as well as the unification of multiple social aid in a single payment with a stop, focused on low income. Bayrou also wants Cut the benefits by unemployment and reduce its duration. The only exempt from adjustment is the debt service and the defense budget, which will increase by 10 % (6.5 billion euros) In direct order by Emmanuel Macron, in response to the deterioration of the international environment and Russian threat. Suicidal political bet. He counted The Financial Times that, aware of the rejection that its plan causes throughout the political spectrum, Bayrou has been willing to Apply article 49.3 of the Constitution, which allows the budget to be approved without parliamentary vote, although with the risk of facing a motion of censure. This would be the same mechanism that led to the fall of its predecessor, Michel Barnierin 2023, for trying to unlink the pensions of the inflation index, an idea that Bayrou has now resumed. Marine Le Pen, leader of the national regrouping, has not taken long In threatening to censor him If you do not withdraw your proposals, denouncing a plan that “attacks all French, the workers and retirees, instead of ending the waste.” The left considers the project as A “wild austerity” that aggravates inequality and leaves intact the privileges of capital. Mujtaba Rahman, director for Europe of the Eurasia Group analysis group, defined it as “A kamikaze maneuver”: A proposal that has no chance of being approved but puts on the table the magnitude of the fiscal problem. A country on the edge. With a deficit 5.8% of GDP (the third highest in the EU after Romania and Poland) and a debt that is headed towards 115% of GDPFrance is at a critical crossing. If corrective measures are not applied, the cost of the debt could climb to 100,000 million of euros per year in 2029, becoming the largest structural burden of the budget. Bayrou has designed a five -year plan to stabilize that debt/GDP ratio, with the ambition to reduce the 4.6% deficit in 2026 and 3% in 2029. But analysts have warned that such objectives could be “inaccessible” Given the political fragility of the government, parliamentary polarization and the foreseeable social resistance. In Bayrou words: “We know the risks perfectly,” but suggests that giving up the attempt would be even more dangerous. Would it be possible in Spain? In Spain, the possibility of eliminating holidays nationwide is legally possible, but not unilateral or automatic, since it would require a normative reform and institutional negotiation. The reason? It’s not an exclusive competence of the central government and, unlike France, the Spanish system distributes this faculty between the State (fixed 8 days), the autonomous communities (set up to 4 days) and the municipalities (set up to 2 days). Plus: Remember that 14 annual holidays per worker are a right recognized in the Workers Statutebut its concrete distribution is variable. The law allows some holidays to move to Monday, replace them with others or even suppress in specific years, provided that 14 days in total are respected. France and a last act. In the case of France, rather than an economic proposal, Bayrou’s budget plan has acquired the form of a kind of Declaration of principles in front of a fractured country. It is the bet of a veteran politician who seems willing to assume the cost of impopularity to address A structural problem that most of their predecessors have avoided. One thing is clear: parliamentary arithmetic is … Read more

Stress for not running out of rare earth is dominating technological ones. Apple has just spent 500 million

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Apple has signed An agreement with MP Materialsa US mining company, to ensure the supply of magnets made of rare earths over the next few years. The company led by Tim Cook will invest 500 million dollars In this company with the purpose of eliminating its current dependence on Rare earth from China. However, the supply of rare land magnets of American origin will begin in 2027. This strategic decision is Apple’s response to two needs. The most obvious is that those of Cupertino need to have access to rare earth magnets without being conditioned by The iron control that China currently exercises on the global supply chain of these chemical elements. In addition, its investment in MP Materials has been very well received by the administration of Donald Trump as part of the commitment acquired by Apple at the end of last February. And is that on the 24th of that month the Cupertino announced that will invest 500,000 million dollars During the next four years in the US and will create 20,000 new jobs. In any case, this scenario invites us to ask us two questions. On the one hand it is important to identify why rare earth magnets are so important for Apple and other technology companies. And it is also crucial that we know how China has achieved dominate in such a forceful way the global supply chain of rare earths. Rare earths are essential to make advanced technology “Rare earth materials are fundamental to producing advanced technology, and our association with MP Materials will help strengthen the supply of these vital elements here, in the United States,” has declared Tim Cookthe Director General of Apple. Permanent magnets made with rare earths, such as neodymium or samarium-colto, are very attractive for electronic devices manufacturers because they have high magnetic force, great resistance to demagnetization and high thermal stability, among other remarkable qualities. In fact, they are not essential only for the electronics industry; They also have a leading role in the sector that is dedicated to the manufacture of electric cars, in the aeronautical and in the advanced armament production industry. The problem for the US and its allies is that currently the rare earth supply chain It is almost completely controlled by China. This Asian country produces 70% of rare earths and controls 90% of the processing industry of these chemical elements. Rare earth magnets are very attractive due to their high magnetic force, great resistance to demagnetization and high thermal stability On April 4, just 24 hours after Donald Trump announced the taxes that he was going to apply to the importation of most products from abroad, The administration led by Xi Jinping responded. And he did it forcefully. In early December 2024 He chose to prohibit The export of some critical minerals to the US, among which were three essential metals for the chips industry: Gallium, Germanio and Antimony. Shortly after the Chinese government added two more critical metals to its list of export restrictions: the Scandio and the Disposio. These chemical elements are probably less known than metals prohibited by China previously, such as Gallium or Germanio, but are at least as important as the latter because They have a fundamental role In the industries of integrated circuits, telecommunications and the manufacture of storage devices. The ability to put pressure from China had not yet been extinguished. Just ten days later, on April 14, the Administration did not hesitate take another step forward With the purpose of putting in check, in addition to the industries that I just mentioned, those of electric cars, aeronautics and advanced armament. To achieve this, it effectively suspended, in addition to the export of the most valuable rare earths, that of high -power magnets that have a critical role in the industries that I have cited in this same paragraph. This is the context in which MP Materials has erected as a crucial actor for the US. And this mining company is the owner of the only site in this country that contains some of the rare earths necessary to manufacture high -power industrial magnets. This is the reason why it has become A very valuable strategic resource For the country led by Donald Trump. The US plan pursues Develop your own supply chain of rare earths with the purpose of eliminating any dependence on the global market of these chemical elements. Image | Daniel L. Lu More information | Reuters In Xataka | The US will not be able to contain the technological development of China. Experts from the chips industry forecast it

The Spanish Galeon San José was sunk transporting 20,000 million dollars. Mexico and Colombia are going to bring that treasure to light

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The history of San José Galeon It is very particular. The ship left the shipyards of Guipúzcoa in 1706 to the sea of ​​the Caribem, and there it was loaded to the flag with gold, gems and jewels from Peruvian, Bolivian and Mexican mines. It was a Awesome boat With 40 meters of length, 64 cannons and a crew of 600 people, but was sunk after an attack of British privateers in 1708, leaving only 10 survivors and that juicy treasure in the depths of the sea off the coast of Cartagena. It is one of the More than 1,500 Spanish Spanish ships Through the world and Mexico and Colombia are collaborating to ‘rescue’ those treasures that have been in the back of the ocean for more than 300 years. It has a value My dear of 20,000 million dollars and is the protagonist of an authentic soap opera. A soap opera. The history of San José did not end when the ship touched background. In fact, I may only start. In 1981, the Search Armed Exploration Company claimed to have located the Spanish wreck and delivered the coordinates Not Spain, but Colombia. The treatment? Supposedly, access to half of the treasure. However, in 2015, the Colombian government said they found the remains in a place different from that indicated above. That enraged the company Cazatesoros, who claimed that it was a strategy so that Colombia did not have to share the treasure. Neither short nor lazy, former president Juan Manuel Santos proudly said it was one of the most important treasures in Colombiaand everything pointed out that Search Armada would not see a cent. Meanwhile, Spain was not with crossed arms and appealed to his sovereignty about Galeon. Investigating. In 2024, with the wreck even in dispute, the Commission for the Investigation and Accusation of the House of Representatives of Colombia opened an investigation against former president Santos. The reason? “Intrusion and looting” of the Spanish Galeon. “It’s not a treasure”. The current Colombian government has another point of view and, in May last year, declared as the protected archaeological area the pungent area. The Minister of Cultures of Colombia, Juan David Correa, said that it was “the first time that an archaeological heritage area submerged at such depth is declared, it is historical for Latin America. We already have a special plan of underwater archaeological management.” Protection. The objective, then, is to guarantee the protection and conservation of the Galeon, as Alhena Caicedo, director of the Colombian Institute of Anthropology and History, and said history, and The doors were not closed to treat the wreck as shared heritage. The objective now is to see what the ship was transporting and catalog it. It seems that it is not a treasure rescue mission, such as Correa itself: “It is not an extraction mission for economic value. What we want is to leave Colombia the possibility of a scientific-cultural mission that will have several stages and that starts today.” Mosaic rebuilt from photogrammetry files Mexico + Colombia. And that is where the National Institute of Anthropology and History -INAH- of Mexico comes into play. In an initiative called “Towards the heart of the San José Galeon”, Colombian and Mexican researchers are collaborating to be able to carry out this ‘recovery’ process. Mexico has a great experience when making archaeological expeditions (with recent examples such as the entire Mayan train networkthe application of New techniques to explore the interior of pyramids and the Underground stay mapping). A underwater expedition is different, but there they also have something to say. Colombian researchers asked INAH members about their experience in the project of Our Lady of Juncala ship that shipwrecked in 1613 in the Gulf of Mexico and with which there are parallels in the case of the San José expedition. In addition, between Colombia and Mexico there are archaeologists support programs that are formed in a cross way in both countries, as if it were an Erasmus of archeology. Digitize everything. Therefore, Mexico is advising Colombia, but it is these who, using submarine robots, are exploring San José and its surroundings in a program consisting of four phases: First phase (it began in May 2024): an underwater research ship comes into play with dynamic and acoustic positioning technologies, as well as a remote operating vehicle with sensors that has the mission of reaching the site. Second phase: generation of images of the site with which to prepare a record of the archaeological evidence for the classification of materials and their origin. THIRD PHASE: prediagnosis of conservation to establish starting points on the level of deterioration of the elements. Fourth phase: Digital documenting the archaeological context through photogrammetry techniques for informative purposes. It seems that Colombia’s plans are clear and, according to the details of the different phases, it does not seem that the goal is to get everything they find out of the water, but to catalog it so that we can see the state of the ship and its shipment 300 years later (in addition to the wealth it carried when it was sunk). Next steps. These last weeks, however, There have been important findings. The ICANH confirmed new “areas of interest” on the site, with Chinese porcelain, ingots, weapons and currencies that allow us to know more about the context of the sunken galleon. In addition, both INAH and the Ministry of Culture of Colombia have set October 2025 and the date on which they will detail the next steps of the mission. The idea is to profile that strategy of ‘towards the heart of the Galeon’ in order to exhibit tangible results before the end of the current presidential mandate in 2026. And, surely, it will be then when the controversy between Spain, Colombia, the indigenous community Qhara Qhara that demands Rights on the Treasury and the company that claims to have discovered the wreck to a new level. Images INAH, Wikipedia, ICANH In Xataka | Sunk ships … Read more

The Pentagon gets fully into the Rare Earth War with China. Has invested 400 million in the most promising US mine

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The US Department of Defense is about to establish itself as the largest shareholder of MP Materials. A few hours ago has announced who will buy shares of this mining company for A value of 400 million dollars. And, in addition, it will provide additional 150 million to help this company Extract and process rare earths which contains its Mountain Pass site, which is in California, although it resides very close to the border with the Nevada state. This mine is the only US site that contains some of the rare earths that are necessary to manufacture high -power industrial magnets, so it has become a very valuable strategic resource for the country led by Donald Trump. The US plan pursues Develop your own supply chain of rare earths with the purpose of eliminating any dependence on the global market of these chemical elements, which is controlled by China. The entry of the Department of Defense in the MP Materials shareholders reflects with absolute how important this mine for the US is from the point of view of national security. What is not yet clear is if it contains the rare earth range and in the right amount to meet the needs of US companies. In any case, with its investment the Pentagon intends to ensure the supply of rare earths to manufacture High power magnets for military applications For at least ten years. Why are rare earths so important to the US and its allies On April 4, just 24 hours after Donald Trump announced the taxes that he was going to apply to the importation of most products from abroad, The administration led by Xi Jinping responded. And he did it forcefully. In early December 2024 He chose to prohibit The export of some critical minerals to the US, among which were three essential metals for the chips industry: Gallium, Germanio and Antimony. Shortly after the Chinese government added two more critical metals to its list of export restrictions: the Scandio and the Disposio. These chemical elements are probably less known than metals prohibited by China previously, such as Gallium or Germanio, but are at least as important as the latter because They have a fundamental role In the industries of integrated circuits, telecommunications and the manufacture of storage devices. Chinese authorities are retaining in ports throughout the country not only rare earths, but also high -power magnets The ability to put pressure from China had not yet been extinguished. Just ten days later, on April 14, the Administration did not hesitate take another step forward With the purpose of putting in check, in addition to the industries that I just mentioned, those of electric cars, aeronautics and advanced armament. To achieve this, it effectively suspended, in addition to the export of the most valuable rare earths, that of high -power magnets that have a critical role in the industries that I have cited in this same paragraph. The Chinese authorities are retaining in the ports throughout the country not only the rare earths, but also the high -power magnets acquired by the electric cars manufacturers of the entire planet, the aerospace companies, the chip factories and Armament companies. Many of these organizations have high -power magnet reserves made with rare earths, but possibly only allow them to subsist a few months. Europe in particular is in an extremely delicate position. China’s export controls are directed mainly to the US, but the old continent It does not remain unscathed. At least for the moment. In fact, in Germany, which as we all know is the heart of the European car industry, There are already experts who assure that if China continues to retain rare earths and electric motors some essential parts of the electric cars production chain will stop in a few weeks. For the European car industry this blow would be very difficult to fit. European companies that are dedicated to the manufacture of semiconductors are also in a very compromised situation. According to Reuters Many European chip production lines They will stop very soon Due to the shortage of crucial supplies, which has led the European Chamber of Commerce to meet with officials of the Ministry of Commerce of China to ask them to allow rare earth supply to European companies that are dedicated to the production of integrated circuits. Image | The Pentagon More information | The Washington Post In Xataka | The US will not be able to contain the technological development of China. Experts from the chips industry forecast it

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