lose

Thousands of people have been drinking apple vinegar for years before eating to lose weight. The fault has an erroneous study

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A couple of months ago, the last viral trend of social networks was taken on an empty stomach in the morning recently raised: the “morning sucks.” There were all kinds: apple vinegar, of grass Or even A tablespoon coconut oil. Everyone promises the same: flat bellies, express detox and accelerated metabolism. Under the appearance of natural remedy, the illusion of a quick solution was really sold. In particular, apple vinegar stands out as the biggest protagonist, since a study endorsed it, but it was a misinterpretation. The origin of the myth. We have always heard that phrase of “speaking people understand”, although quite simplistic it is that misunderstandings are the order of the day and in science they are usually given. To get to the origin of that study, the tracking takes you to a study published in BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health. This research became popular to ensure that apple vinegar helped lose weight. However, According to Sciencedailythat study has been retracted after detecting inconsistencies in data and serious errors in statistical analysis. In science, a retraction is an exceptional mechanism: it means recognizing that the results are not reliable and, therefore, that the study should no longer be cited as evidence. It is a guarantee of self -correction, but it is late when the finding has already traveled media and viral videos. The viralization of myth. The networks did the rest. Under hashtags like #guthealth or #morningritual, vinegar It settled In morning routines with other “shots” that promise express benefits: ginger, turmeric, teas detox. As we detail in Xatakathis phenomenon is understood in the framework of the culture of immediacy: we live at a time when rapid and visible results are sought. A morning drink fits perfectly with that promise of instant change. The problem is that neither vinegar nor any of these mixtures fulfill what they promise. And in some cases They can have adverse effects: Excessive consumption of fasting vinegar can irritate the stomach and esophagus, damage tooth enamel and cause digestive discomfort. More studies. Beyond the retracting study, there are research that has analyzed the effect of vinegar on metabolic health, although scientific evidence remains low. A systematic review, Posted in Pubmed Central in 2021evaluated clinical trials on this product. According to this work, vinegar can have modest effects on the reduction of blood glucose and total cholesterol. But the same review warns: there is no solid evidence that it causes clinically relevant weight losses. In other words: vinegar is not a burning, much less a magical solution to lose weight. The mirage of detox. The rise of these “morning shots” also relies on the language of the detox. However, experts Remember that Detoxification does not work like this: the body already has organs such as the liver and the kidneys that fulfill that function continuously. Chupitos do not “clean” the organism, but they do perpetuate the idea that there are miraculous shortcuts to compensate for excesses. An even greater paradigm. The history of apple vinegar is, in the background, a lesson on how health myths are built in the digital age. A study with methodological errors, amplified on social networks, became a global ritual. And although today we know that there was no evidence behind, the practice was already installed in millions of morning routines. The lesson is clear: easy solutions are rarely, and health is not built with shortcuts. Image | Freepik and Pexels Xataka | There are people taking a “sucking” apple vinegar in the morning. Science has an opinion about it

We already had an ozempic to lose weight, now someone has created one for the eternal youth: NAD+ promises

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Of the six -digit operations In elite operating rooms to luxury serums That they promise to erase wrinkles in minutes, the eternal youth industry has always played with the same idea: that somewhere there is a shortcut. But what if the secret was not in a cream or in a scalpel, but in a tiny molecule that lives in each of our cells? This is how NAD+is presented, the coenzyme that has gone from being a laboratory concept to become the new biohacking grail. The ozempic of being young. As happened with the GLP-1 drugs in The obsession with thinnessNAD+ has become the aspirational shortcut towards youth. Hollywood and the aesthetic elite have embraced him within the call “Invisible luxury”: undetectable results, continuous maintenance and therapies that combine apparatus with cosmetic biology. In that stew of mass access, supplements and “shots” of NAD+ they occupy the biohacking story. From Hollywood A Amazon. A couple of years ago, Hailey Bieber and Kendall Jenner They popularized Intravenous NAD+therapies, a format that Miami and Dubai clinics sell as an energy and anti -aging “booster”. But it is not just celebrity thing: a search is enough on Amazon to find NMN or NR capsules that promise to raise cell levels. The problem is that, As The New York Times has warnedthe scientific evidence that supports these habits is still weak. In addition, what appears on the label often does not match what is in the bottle. A study led by the gerontologist Andrea Maier detected deviations of up to 100% in the real content of supplements, regardless of brand or price. Shining the NAD+. Better known as Nicotinamide adenine Dinucleotide, is something like the spark that allows our cells to work. It is everywhere, from the muscles to the brain, and According to the University of Navarra Clinic Participate in such critical tasks as producing energy, repairing damaged DNA or activating syruches, proteins linked to aging. The problem is that, over the years, NAD+ levels plummete and begin to relate to memory loss, muscle weakness and an increase in the risk of diseases associated with age. Therefore, raising those levels by precursors such as NR or NMN can keep mitochondria and favor cell longevity. Initial essays, collected by the confidentialThey have documented improvements in memory, movement and metabolism. However, they are small studies and experts They agree that they are missing Essays to convert the promise into solid evidence. Experts ask for prudence. Enthusiasm coexists cautiously. According to the webmd medical portalnicotinamide is safe to 900 mg per day, but high doses can cause headaches, fatigue, gastrointestinal problems or enzymatic alterations. In the case of nicotinic acid, another form of related vitamin B3, can cause redness and decreases in voltage even in moderate doses. The University of Navarra Clinic Explain that Supplements can interact with medications that affect liver or coagulation, so it is recommended to use them only under medical supervision. In a more concrete way, they probably do not damage in moderate doses, but there is also no certainty that it is worth taking risks for something that still has no macros studies. A society in search of shortcuts. NAD+ fever fits into a broader cultural context: obsession with shortcuts against aging. Hollywood has gone from “Frozen faces” from Botox to the “Liquid surgery” And luxury invisible treatments, while the rest of society consumes supplements, Collagen powder and Digital filters as affordable substitutes. And perhaps that distance reveals something deeper: our obsession with shortcuts against the inevitable. The eternal youth industry blooms because we live terrified at the passage of time, as if aging were a failure that must be corrected. But old age is not an anomaly: it is the only certainty we share. Perhaps the real question is not how to avoid it, but why it costs us so much to accept it. Meanwhile, science continues to remember what it works –move, sleep well, Eat better– Although it never sounds as glamorous as a molecule that promises to stop the clock. Image | Pexels and Freepik Xataka | The elixir of eternal youth exists and we are seeing it in real time: luxury surgeons “at $ 100,000 the session

Mark Zuckerberg doesn’t care to lose $ 200,000 million in AI. The real risk would not be betting on it, ensures

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“We are going to invest aggressively. Even if we lost a couple of hundreds of billions of dollars it would be an annoyancebut it is better than being left behind in the race for superintelligence. “Those words recently pronounced Mark Zuckerberg, Meta CEO. The founder of Facebook does not tend to shake his hand when making risky technological bets. He already knows what it is to lose them: Metaverso is being a failure for the moment, but even if he does not seem to want to leave that bet. The company continues to invest in it even though It is estimated which has already lost 45,000 million dollars in that project. But for him the commitment to AI, although it seems exorbitant, is almost mandatory strategically. In the interview In the Podcast Access The Meta CEO explained how In fact the Risk for a company as a goal would not be aggressive enough. In the recent Trump dinner With the great leaders of the technological segment in the US, Zuckerberg promised to invest at least 600,000 million dollars in the United States until 2028. Analysts believe that The numbers do not fit: It is estimated that Meta will invest about 80,000 million dollars in the US in the second half of 2025 (including all its expenses). That would make it necessary that from 2026 to 2028 he spent 520,000 million, but experts do not see it feasible and some They think than these comments They are more business marketing than anything else. But what is true is that both goal and other large technology companies are investing extraordinary amounts of money in this field. We already saw that Capex’s forecasts of some of them are huge in 2025 due to that commitment to AI data centers: Amazon: 100,000 Millions of dollars Microsoft: 80,000 Millions of dollars Google: 75,000 Millions of dollars Goal: 65,000 Millions of dollars Apple: 12,000 Millions of dollars Thus, Mark Zuckerberg is not too frightened to lose 200,000 million dollars in AI, but he also knows what is something like that. In April 2024 their financial results were so disastrous That their shares suddenly 19%, which was equivalent precisely to a drop in the stock market capitalization of 200,000 million dollars. Of course, Meta recovered. In that downturn the goal shares were just 500 dollars. Today and a half later, they are at maximum, $ 778. The company has stumbled in the past, but Zuckerberg has risen again and again AI bubble: “I think there is definitely the possibility, at least empirically, based on large infrastructure constructions of the past and how they led to bubbles.” And even so, Zuckerberg is clear that this is a critical moment for this technology and it is better to bet on the big not to do it and lose. For him going too slow can make you lose a privilege position, and that would be fatal because according to him “it will be the most important technology that will allow the greatest number of new products, innovation and creation of value in history.” In Xataka | Big Tech have buried thousands and billions in AI. They are earning money, but not thanks to the AI

lose the status of wonder of the world

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In tourism there is a very fine line between being a successful destination and die of success. Kyoto, Venice, Bali or Some points of the Spanish coast, areas so busy that they have ended up saturating, harming the experience of those who visit them. When the great tourist claim is nevertheless a patrimonial jewel as Machu Picchuin Peru, the scenario is nevertheless more complicated. So much, in fact, that in a year in which he expects break your record Of visits, the famous citadel risks losing its ‘wonder of the world’. What happened? Than Machu Picchu It takes a risk to lose one of its large presentation cards and one of its most powerful tourist hooks: the ‘new wonder of the world’. This has been warned in A resounding statement New7Wornders, responsible for managing a list that the famous Inca citadel shares with other heritage jewels on the planet: the Taj Mahal of India, the Christ redeemer from Rio de Janeiro, the Colosseum of Romethe Mayan site Chichén Itzáin Mexico, the Great Chinese wall either Petrain Jordan. The ‘New Wonder of the World’ label part of an initiative launched at the beginning of the century by the company New Open World Corporation, which organized an international competition to choose the seven most impressive monuments on the planet. The firm assures that it received More than 100 million of votes, which allowed them to announce in 2007 the list of farmers. Since then it ensures that its promotion has generated a flow of thousands of millions of dollars. Why is this status in danger? In Your statement New7Wornders warns that he has been observing “challenges” for several years that in his opinion require a “priority attention.” Which is it? “The high pressure of tourism without sustainability management, the increase in prices in services and goods, the risk of affectation to assets, denunciations of irregular practices linked to the sale of tickets, difficulties in land transport, as well as limitations in conservation and management policies”, enumerates the agency, which speaks in addition to “disorder” between institutions and companies and “repeated complaints” by visitors. And what does that imply? The organization warns that if these problems are not solved, they will damage the image of Peru among tourists and “will compromise Machu Picchu’s credibility as one of the seven wonders of the world.” In case the message was not clear enough, those responsible remember that appearing in that world list brings a series of “commitments” of conservation and adjusting to certain “standards.” “The permanence, justifiable and credible by Machu Picchu as one of the seven wonders under our jurisdiction depends on it, which remains our primary objective,” ditch The letter, signed in Zurich on the 13th and signed by its director, Jean-Paul de la Fuente. What does the government think? The touch of attention has generated enough stir for the Peruvian government to have to go out to calm the spirits. He did it on Monday, through Another statement launched by the Ministry of Culture and in which it emphasizes some ideas. The main one, that one thing is the ‘new seven wonders of the world’ and a very different cataloging as World Heritage by UNESCO, a status that reached in the early 80s. The Peruvian Ministry of Culture recalls that, during the meeting held last July in Paris, the World Heritage-Unesco Committee “valued the improvement in visitors’ management” and the use of “monitoring and conservation tools” in the site. “We are emphatic in specifying that the conservation and protection of the historical sanctuary of Machu Picchu is not being violated, so much so that it is not registered in the ‘World Heritage List’ of Unesco”, They underline From the Department of Culture. Is that true? Yes. Among the 53 patrimonial enclaves that UNESCO considers “in danger”, a list that It can be consulted In detail (with map included) the organism’s website, does not appear Machu Picchu. And it is also true that the authorities They have made an effort To protect the citadel, reinforcing access and access control and rethinking The ticket sales system. However, it is no less than New7Wornders is not the first one that has raised the voice to warn of the challenges facing the famous Inca site. Recently the specialized portal Travel and Tour World It included it in Your selection of destinations that are no longer worth visiting for its saturation, along with others such as Venice or Bali. Have there been more notices? Probably the most severe touch of attention received it however from within the country itself. A few months ago the general control of the Republic, autonomous body, warned the government That Machu Picchu is suffering a “tourist overload”, a problem that extends to both the citadel and the Inca road network (Qhapaq Ñan). The agency stressed that the excess of visitors is a “risk” for the place and shared an exam that proves that in April the maximum permitted qualifications were exceeded. What is the danger? Beyond the impact that the tourist massification can have for the Incas vestiges or the environment, the greatest risk for Peru is to fall into the list of ‘World Heritage’ of UNESCO. And the truth is that, although the government emphasizes that it has received congratulations from its commission, the control would seem not to see it so far -fetched in May. In fact slid that the overload “could cause” that the site enters the list. “It should be noted that at the UNESCO commission meeting in July 2024 in New Delhi, concern about the state of conservation of the sanctuary was expressed,” he recalled. Is there anything else? Yes. Chance or not, the New7Wornders statement has arrived at a complex moment for the citadel. The government only a week ago celebrated That 1.4 million tickets have already been sold to visit Machu Picchu, which is confident in closing the year above the million and a half. Of achieving it, warnswill involve a “historical” milestone that … Read more

Chinese researchers believe they have discovered a simple “trick” to lose weight: eat raw vegetables

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For decades, scientists have discussed the effects of vegan and ovo -vegetarian diets on weight loss and heart disease prevention. Without much success, really. Not because The clues in favor have not accumulatedbut because something was missing. A common link, a thread that organized all that scientific evidence and gave meaning. In recent years, a team of doctors from the Qilu Hospital of the University of Shandong He thinks he found That piece that was missing. And it’s an important piece. Above all, because obesity is becoming The great epidemic of the 21st century. 1.9 billion overweight peoplesome 600 million people with obesity and up. Something that would not be a problem if it wasn’t because, like They wrote Yani Xu and his team in their research, “obesity and its associated complications not only lead to an increase in morbidity and mortality, but also to a reduction in quality of life.” Finding simple weight loss strategies goes beyond aesthetics or fashion: it is an investment in quality of life. But did not solve Ozempic? It is true that the arrival of Ozempic (and the rest of New agonist medications from LPG-1) has radically changed our way of seeing overweight: as Antonio Ortiz said, these medications are helping us understand that Metabolism and appetite are biological facts, not moral elections. Biological facts that, as we see, bring huge social consequences. Plan b. Therefore, although the “new ozempics” are being revolutionary, they are far from being the solution to all our problems. Not only is these very expensive medications (and obesity shows a clear correlation with greater rates of poverty and precariousness economic); They are not substitutes for healthier and more balanced habits. That’s where Yani Xu and his team enter. In search of lost evidence. Tracking in the previous bibliography, Chinese researchers found 24 studies that followed more than 2,000 people. They were quite quality studies (randomized clinical trials) and that has allowed them to conclude that there was a detail that showed very strong links with a lower risk of obesity and heart problems: raw vegetables. In fact, this is true even when they eliminated the effect of genetic factors from the equation. Something not too common and, therefore, very interesting. “The vegetarian diet is a viable option for people who wish to control their body weight and (prevent) metabolic diseases,” They explain. How is it possible? The researchers They shuffle some ideas: From its high content of phytosterols and fatty fats to its role in reducing inflammation and oxidative stress. However, it is not too clear: we have a statistical explanation, but we still lack a mechanism of action. We may have solved one of the big problems when establishing a clear relationship between weight loss and veganism, but not at all. However, with the data that Let’s have on the tableit seems that the idea of ​​progressively increasing the weight of vegetables (and raw vegetables) seems like a positive strategy. More positive than we thought. Image | Elena Mozhvilo In Xataka | Ozempic to lose weight: its effects and risks beyond controversy, according to science *An earlier version of this article was published in September 2024

To the big question of whether you can lose weight, science has an answer. And it has everything to do with genetics

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There are multiple reasons to walk, to try to approach that figure (rather symbolic) of the 10,000 daily steps. For many, keeping weight under control is one of the main reasons. In this sense, genetics plays an important role, since some people have greater predisposition to accumulate body mass. We have only a couple of decades learning what are the (diverse) genetic variants that are associated with our ease to increase our weight. Know them, however, the door has opened us To be able to design strategies that bring us closer to our goals When maintaining or reducing our weight, thus minimizing the effort to achieve them. Because each individual is a world and not all bodies react in the same way to certain diets or exercise regimes. This is a breeding ground for failure, since what for a person is a “miraculous” strategy to another can take it to a dead end. A study Published this year made a compilation of the different genetic variants identified to date linked to this ease to lose weight through diets and exercises. The team found 30 genetic markers linked to our body’s response to diets and 24 associated with the exercise. Because LAGENTICS is not an isolated factor: it is not our genes in themselves that make us fat. These are nothing more than a part of a complex system in which they interact with our diet and other life habits. More steps To understand these interactions, A study performed by the American Heart Association analyzed the degree to which walk could reduce the impact of genetics and sedentary life About our body mass index. The analysis, published in 2012, observed that the act of walking could, indeed, counteract our predisposition genetics to gain weight, in front of sedentary habits How to watch television whose effect was the opposite. To carry out the study, the team compiled information on more than 12,000 participants, including information on genetic variants (32 in total) associated with high body mass indices. They estimated that walking at least one hour a day could reduce people’s body mass by about 0.06 kg/m². A more recent study I deepened the matter. The analysis, published this year in the magazine Jama Networkit was raised if people with certain genetic predispositions linked to overweight required specific levels of exercise if they wanted to avoid reaching the limits established in body mass index for obesity. The study It was done With 3,124 adult participants and it was observed that, indeed, people with this genetic predisposition required to walk more in terms of steps given a day than people with less risk associated with their genes. According to the data obtained, people in the high risk of risk should walk about 2,280 more steps That people in the average percentiles, a total of 11,020 steps per day, if they wanted to equate their risk of obesity. Although, as a general rule, controlling our diet is a better tool to lose weight, exercise can help us in our attempts. Exercise is, for example, an ideal tool to avoid recovering the weight we have gained. But exercising is, above all, a way to stay healthy. Active life has very diverse positive impacts on our healthespecially in the field of cardiovascular health. In Xataka | Make cardio or train strength: for science there is no debate about what is the ideal year from 50 Image | Tamar Willoughby *An earlier version of this article was published in August 2024

We are champions in productivity with medium and large companies. The problem is that with SMEs we lose by win

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The OECD data has been putting the red lantern to Spanish productivity decades. However, that perception does not Low productivity in Spain It does not fully adjust to the reality that reflect the Recent OECD reports. Such and as they highlight in The confidentialalthough the global data show a very discreet increase, companies of between 10 and 250 workers exceed productivity to the average of their peers in the OECD. However, the big problem is that 95.1% of Spanish business fabric is made up of SMEs with between 0 and 10 employees. What the OECD says about Spain. The OECD, in Your productivity report Of 2024, it evidences that the average annual growth of the hour per hour worked in Spain has been 0.5% per year, while the OECD as a whole has registered an average of 1.2%. That places the country clearly below the average of the Club of developed economies. Despite this scenario, a BBVA Foundation Analysis On the evolution of the total productivity of the factors (PTF), which combines the productivity of labor and capital to leave a photo closer to the reality of companies, says a growth of 0.9% interannual of this parameter. Which reinforces the conclusions of the OECD on the growth of productivity in Spain, which is like the Second country with greater growth of productivity in the last two decades. However, beyond the global data of Spain, the graphics of the OECD productivity study value the largest companies already medium -sized as a productivity engine in Spain. Thus, the OECD evidence that the mismatch in productivity is not so much between Spain and Europe as a whole, but among the different company sizes within the country itself. Total productivity of the factors (PTF) by country. Source: Productivity Council of Spain Microenterprises: many and unproductive. As recognized From the report From the Productivity Council in Spain, the most relevant feature of the Spanish productive fabric is that 95.1% of Spanish companies have less than ten employees, confirming that microenterprise is the standard in Spain, not the exception. According to the OECD dataSpanish microenterprises generated in 2023 an added value of $ 56,990 per worker, compared to $ 108,356 per employee generated by large companies. That means that large companies are 90% more productive than SMEs. The productivity of microenterprises is 15.3% below the OECD average and represents one of the main ballasts for the national average. He OECD diagnosis On microenterprises it is clear: having many very small companies limits the Productivity improvements and investment capacity. Medium companies approve with note. The highlight of the international comparative analysis is that, according to the OECD, “Spanish medium -sized companies have a productivity higher than the EU average, standing above the other advanced countries in their category.” In percentage terms, Spanish companies of 10 to 49 employees are 8.7% more productive than the OECD average; those of 50 to 250 employees 9.1% and those of more than 250 employees 5.2%. In other words, only 4.9% of companies in Spain would be above the OECD average, occupying avant -garde positions in terms of competitiveness in markets International The challenge: increase size and investment. The recipe that the OECD gives to Improve productivity Of these microenterprises it is clear, but it is not simple to apply: it is necessary to seek improvements in productivity through Investment and innovationimproving the value added by employee so that the business fabric gains size. According to 2023 dataSpain is at the tail in investment in machinery, ICT assets and i+d. Precisely, a Report of the Bank of Spain He pointed to productive investment as the key to business growth. The report emphasizes that private business investment had not managed to recover prepondondemic levels, while public investment in this area had recovered and grew at a good pace. In Xataka | Some researchers have analyzed the working day in Spain: the same thing that 40 years ago is worked, but in worse jobs Image | Unspash (Sherman Yang) We believed that in Spain we were not productive, but medium and large companies exceed the OECD average. That is the problem

The US has taught the tariff rope with Brazil again. Embraer has a lot to lose, and its customers too

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If you live in Europe, fly in a Embraer is not the most common. But the truth is that these Brazilian planes are more present than they seem. In airports such as London City, Where only a few models can operate, these jets dominate the track. Even in Spain his footprint was remarkable: Air Europa had several E195 in its regional fleet until the beginning of 2023. Embraer is not a minor actor. It is one of the world’s largest manufacturer in the world and its e-hes-especially the E175– They hold a good part of regional traffic in the US. Airlines such as American, Skywest and other regional United Express operators have clearly opted for them. With Boeing in low hoursEmbraer is emerging as an emerging candidate for the select group of the great manufacturers. A tariff triggers uncertainty President Donald Trump has threatened to apply A 50 % tariff To Brazilian products as of August 1, an unprecedented offensive in relations between the two countries. In parallel, Brazil already mentions a mirror answercovered by a recent reciprocity law. Although there is still no confirmation about which sectors they would be exempt. With a large part of Embraer’s orders aimed at the US market – where almost 95 % of firm orders from E175 come from airlines such as American, Skywest and other United Express operators -, the new measure threatens to significantly increase their products significantly. Not only will the final prices of the jets be affected, but the cost of the Imported components from the United Statesessential for manufacturing, it could also be affected if Brazil decides to apply, in retaliation, an equivalent rate. Among those components are enginesCF34 manufactured by General Electricthe airplane system Honeywell Primus Epicas well as landing trains and actuators supplied, mostly, by Collins Aerospace (USA) and Liebherr (Europe). An essential part of each aircraft that, if more expensive, would also impact the production costs of the aircraft destined for other markets. This dual effect could have broad spectrum consequences. On the one hand, airlines could be forced to Reconsider your purchase strategies If the price jump translates into higher operational costs. On the other, if the manufacturing cost is increased, Embraer’s global competitiveness would be compromised, even in regions where its position is solid. As Flightglobal collectsEmbraer has indicated that he is evaluating the impact of this measure on its operations and has been active in the dialogue with the authorities to try to restore the exemption of the import tax that has historically favored the Brazilian aeronautical industry. However, queen uncertainty. This tariff is part of a Trump communications series to leaders of more than twenty countries, with warnings that rates can modify “according to the relationship.” The lack of regulatory clarity leaves manufacturers such as Embraer – and suppliers, airlines and passengers— In a difficult situation to anticipate. Images | Dave Montiverdi | Marcelx42 (CC by-SA 4.0) | Samuel Costa Melo In Xataka | The US will finally continue selling engines for C919. He has also given China a reason not to need them again

Drinking a glass of water before eating is one of the most common “tricks” to lose weight. Science has something to say

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With the summer just around the corner, many people seek to lose weight quickly. We have seen it with challenges like Skinnytok, Shots of vinegar either Liquefied Céspes. In the midst of so many “miraculous solutions”, there is a advice that stands out for its simplicity: drinking a glass of water before each meal. It sounds very easy, but is it another myth détox or is there something true? A glass of water. At first glance, it looks like a quite simple premise. Drinking water before eating can “favor satiety” and help eat more conscious way, as the media have explained as Telva either Vogue. In theory, when occupying space in the stomach, water would reduce the feeling of hunger. But like He has warned Dr. Robert H. Shmerling, of Harvard’s Faculty of Medicine, in an article for Harvard Health Publishing, “human physiology rarely follows such simple rules.” Science behind. Dr. Shmerling He has evidenced That it was a premise “too pretty to be true.” In his article he has detailed that although drinking water before meals can generate a mild fullness of fullness – to activate the stomach mechanoreceptors – the effect is limited and passenger. In fact, as you have continued arguing, some studies support the idea in older peoplethere is even evidence that suggests that, within a hypocaloric diet, who drink water before meals can lose more weight in 12 weeks than those who do not. However, there is a nuance to take into account and that is that There is no robust evidence of long -term effects or in large populations. And other associated theories –Like cold water burns calories by thermogenesis– They have been denied in recent studies. Where there is consensus. The point is not in so much to drink extra water, but in what is stopped. Changing soft drinks, energy drinks or alcohol for water can have a real effect on weight loss. According to May Clinicthat simple gesture reduces the total consumption of calories without conscious effort. In addition, staying well hydrated improves physical performance, exercise resistance and recovery. Not because water “weights”, but because it helps sustain a more active and healthy lifestyle. The shortcut culture. The popularity of tricks like this also responds to a social need: to find fast, simple and effortless solutions to a complex problem such as weight control. In a society obsessed with thinness – especially among young women – they proliferate The calls Life Hacks that promise immediate results. As He already explained for Xataka The psychologist specialized in TCA, Sara Bolo, the worrying thing is that many of these tips end in apparently “healthy” behaviors, but hide eating disorders. It is simply water. In a context where “fast tricks” abound, it is advisable to remember that, as Dr. Shmerling has summarized: “If you think it works for you, there is no damage. Remember that no glass of water replaces a balanced diet.” Image | Unspash Xataka | Nostalgia for the 2000s has brought something else: the obsession with flat belly and radical thinness

Someone has calculated which EU countries lose more money due to the falsification of wines and spirits. Bad news, Spain

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Spain is Wine landsparkling, beers, ciderliquors … and falsifications. This is revealed at least The last balance of the EU Intellectual Property Office (Euipo), which has launched a notice to navigators: fraudulent copies are hitting the alcohol industry, subtracting billions of euros in sales, destroying thousands of jobs and depriving public coffers of large income via taxes. And the one who is spending it worse is Spain. Here the wineries and companies that lose more money are located. The bottle, the most affected. When we talk about falsifications, the mind usually goes to luxury articlesgarments, wallets and bags of large brands, watches or exclusive jewels. The shadow of pirate copies is however elongated and extends to many other merchandise, including food. Moreover, the Euipo assures that in 2020 the falsifications of food were among the most common found at the EU borders. And by “food” not only refers to Iberian sausages. In the list there are also cookies, pasta, potatoes or sweets. If there is a sector that is suffering alarmingly the mazazo of the copies is nevertheless that of wine and spirits. “It was one of the most affected during the 2013-2017 period”, Clarifies the organism Before sliding a couple of figures. “It is estimated that 2,289 million euros were lost in sales and almost 5,700 jobs were destroyed a year in the EU due to falsifications in this sector.” In tax only 2,068 million euros vanished. Spain, in the focus. The sector does not happen as evil throughout the EU. Euipo estimates for example that the Portuguese industry falsified some 33 million of euros in sales and just over 200 jobs every year. In Austria, illicit copies subtract the winemakers and other professionals in the sector near 28 million of euros and in Greece that invoice amounts to 49 million. The blow is more severe in Germany, with losses of 279 million of euros, Italy (302 millionor France, where that hole amounts to 316 million of euros. They are high figures, but not as much as those suffered by Spain, one of the world’s great wine powers with Italy or France. He warns Euipo clearly, which launches a warning: “Spain is the first EU country in direct economic loss in this sector, with 380 million in sales not made by falsifications.” The Spanish sector is also one of the ones that loses the most for that cause: more than 1,100 positions per year, a fact that only exceeds France. Old problem, new challenges. The falsifications of wines and spirits are no novelty, but the authorities continue to encounter new challenges. The EUIPO notes that the rise of online trade “has opened new roads” for the sale of copies and makes customers “increasingly difficult” when distinguishing between an authentic and a falsified article, a problem that does not only affect the industry of alcoholic beverages. “Criminal networks manipulate labels, containers and even alter the manufacturing processes, focusing on value products,” duck The organism. In the specific case of alcohol, what experts do perceive is that counterfeiters are resorting to “sophisticated methods” to mock controls, which includes from the reuse of original bottles to the impression of false labels. Two countries: China and Türkiye. Community authorities have not only detected the most punished nations (at an economic and employment level) for falsifications. The report From Euipo does something else: pointing out the countries of origin that are most frequently related to food and drink falsifications. And there are two that stand out if we focus on the pirate copies that were seized between 2019 and 2020 on the EU borders: China and Türkiye. As a conclusion, the text slides another equally important idea. Falses are not a problem just because of the damage they cause to the sector or their ability to destroy employment. The Euipo adds another more important handicap: public health. “Recent reports alert about the risks of these consumer health products,” warns Before remembering that food and drink has been detected with “dangerous substances”, such as methanol, mercury or pesticides. Images | Kelsey Chance (UNSPLASH) and Zachariah Hagy (UNSPLASH) In Xataka | If the question is what is the future of wine, more and more Bordeaux wineries are clear: the without alcohol

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