France

France and Spain wanted to ban social networks to children under 15. The European Union has stopped their feet

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France threatened yesterday with prohibiting access to social networks to those under 15 years If the EU did not rule on a community policy that unified the criterion for all the countries of the Union. Brussels’s response to this demand has been equally overwhelming. Each country is a world. Brussels He ruled out Wednesday The possibility of establishing a minimum community age to access social networks. There was a proposal led by Greece, France and Spain to establish it in 15 years, but those responsible for the European Union have it clear: there will not be a unique criterion, and each country must establish their own. Of community prohibition, nothing. Thomas Regnier, spokesman for technological sovereignty of the Community Executive, He indicated yesterday In the daily press conference that although they took note of the announcement of Emmanuel Macron, “a prohibition of social networks at European level is not something that the commission is promoting. This is prerogative of the Member States.” The tragedy. The Macron statements And his attempt to accelerate the implementation of a community access to social networks It comes from afar. However, that debate was urgently reactivated After the tragedy occurred on Tuesday at a Nogent school, in the Haute-Marne region. There a 14 -year -old student was arrested after killing a 31 -year -old watchman who performed routine backpacks. There is no evidence that this attack occurred for something that the adolescent saw on social networks. The community proposal does not advance. Several European Union countries They have been maintaining a debate on whether a minimum age must be established at the community level to access social networks. The initiative was led by Greece, France and Spain, but Italy, Denmark, Croatia, Slovakia and the Netherlands also supported it. Precisely Spain and Slovakia were the ones that were most shown and proposed to establish that minimum age in 16 years, while France, Greece or Denmark proposed to establish it at 15. That proposal, however, has not advanced. The RGPD as an instrument. He General Data Protection Regulation (RGPD) already has article 8, which is specifically oriented to regulate the access of minors to “information society services”. According to said regulations“Member States may establish by law a lower age for such purposes, provided that this is not less than 13 years.” And the DSA prepares changes. The Digital Services Law is also preparing to establish regulation that affects minors. In fact, guidelines are prepared that theoretically will be published this summer and that will force the platforms – social funds among them – to protect the safety and privacy of minors. Private accounts, age verification. Among the measures that they must adopt is that the accounts of the minors are believed as private by default, in addition to the implementation of age verification measures. AGE VERIFICATION APP. As he points out The European Commission, in parallel to these guidelines, an age verification application is being developed that provides a solution until the European digital identity The EU is ready at the end of 2026. The technical specifications of said app are now available In Github. Image | Markus Spiske In Xataka | The Japanese are ceasing to consume paper pornography. And that has had a direct effect on its streets

How a decision in France and a connection in southern Spain caused the blackout

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Huenaja, a small Granada town of just 1,100 inhabitants and with more than 700 megawatts installed of solar energy, It was the zero zone of the blackout of April 28. In seven seconds, everything It was plunged into a total collapse. Now the expert committee of the European Network of Transmission Systems Operators (Entso-E) has identified Two questions. The investigation. For more than six weeks, this European agency has worked to find the causes of the blackout, apart from the Electricity of Spain and its Portuguese homologous, Ren. According to the reporthalf an hour before collapse, two episodes of power and frequency oscillations were recorded in the European continental network. The Iberian Peninsula, connected to the continent mainly through lines with France, began to lose synchronism. A new detail. The ETSO-E has pointed out that at 12:16 and 12:22, there was a change in interconnection with France: a system with dynamic control (hiking of direct current) was passed to a fixed export mode of 1,000 MW to the Gallic country. According to the experts consulted, this decision left the Spanish system without support for synchronous power, which reduced its margin of action before oscillations. As a piece of dominoes. Almost in parallel, Ree made an internal connection of lines in southern Spain, which, According to Entso-ewould have caused surge located in areas such as Huenaja (Granada), Valdecaballeros (Badajoz) and Don Rodrigo (Seville). Several electrical plants then activated their automatic protections, disconnecting to avoid damage. This further aggravated the tension in the network, triggering a chain reaction: generation falls, frequency loss and total disconnection of the Iberian system of the rest of Europe. Was any system activated? System defense plans, automatic mechanisms designed to stop these processes, were activated, according to has confirmed The report. However, they were not able to contain the fall due to the speed and intensity of the event. At 12:18:47, the interconnection lines between Spain and France were disconnected by protection against the loss of synchronism. At that moment, the peninsula was isolated and collapsed completely. A major debate. This crisis has uncovered a great conflict at the technical and political level, while responsibilities They pass like a hot potato. The debate is intensified around the backup systems and the penetration of renewable energy. On the one hand, nuclear plants They were criticized For disconnecting, but three were in scheduled stop, and the others operated normally until the system collapsed, activating protection protocols. On the other hand, the lack of inertia of the system has been stated again. Not synchronous renewable energies, such as solar and wind, They do not contribute inertia to the electrical systemwhich makes it difficult to stop sudden frequency falls. However, blaming renewables would be to simplify excessively. However, the technical report is clear: it was not exclusive fault of renewables, but a systemic failure, aggravated by operational decisions and structural limitations such as low international interconnection. An interconnection problem. The blackout has evidence They have demanded France that is committed to concrete deadlines and binding actions to advance in electrical interconnection corridors. What comes now. The Entso-E expert panel continues their research and have created A web page for this. Now they will meet on June 23 and will be delivered to the European Commission. Meanwhile, the event leaves an awkward lesson: in an increasingly renewable and decentralized electrical system, technical coordination, The operational resilience and cross -border planning They are more crucial than ever. Image | Unspash Xataka | Spain and Portugal are tired of promises: they ask France to leave the electric alley

France is the most radical country against technology among children. And now it plans something extreme: prohibit social networks

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“We must ban social networks to children under 15 years.” This blunt was the French president, Emmanuel Macron, speaking before the TV cameras. The measure It would be a pioneer In Europe, which studies initiatives in this regard, but there is a problem: France’s regulatory role is having negative consequences For companies and users. What happened. The statements of the Gallic president occurred after the Tuesday tragedy In a French school: a 14 -year -old boy stabbed and killed a member of the teaching staff. As they point out In EuronewsIt is not clear if this attack is associated with something that the teenager had seen on social networks. No knives. Macron intends to prohibit social networks to children under 15 “in the coming months” if there is no progress in a similar regulation at the European level. The tragedy in Nogent’s greate Indian that “a 15 -year -old can no longer buy a knife on the Internet. That means we are going to impose massive financial prohibitions and sanctions.” And either of social networks. But the highlight was that intention to ban social networks, something that even announced in X said intentionIn addition to stating that platforms have the possibility of verifying age to be able to implement this type of control and prohibition. Actually the message is not new: said exactly the same thing more than a year agobut the recent events and European inaction have re -promoted those intentions of Macron. They are already doing it with porn. On June 7, the law that forces pornographic platforms to verify age of users. The objective, prevent minors can access this type of content. But it is not going well. As a consequence of these measures, services such as Pornhub, Redtube and YouPorn have decided to leave the Gallic country and stop serving there. According to those responsible, this regulation is inefficient and potentially violates users’ privacy. Also propose a solution Device dependent and in which Google and Apple would have to make some modifications to their operating systems. The struggle of minors and screens. France was a pioneer in 2018 when prohibited mobile phones in schools for students under 15 years. Other countries They followed the wake, but the country continues to alert the dangers of the screens for the minors. In fact, a process was recently initiated to try prohibit the use of any screen (Mobile, but also TVS or computers) to children under six years. According to French experts In pediatrics or child psychiatry, not doing so exposes them to permanent damage to brain development. Spain, in the line of France. In our country the future law of the minor advocates Prohibit registration on social networks of children under 16 yearsclimbing the current limit two years. There are also measures to limit access to technology according to age, and for example from zero to three years the use of children should be prohibited from children, while from three to six years it is advisable except exceptions and under the supervision of an adult. The Spanish “pajorto”. The Government of Spain also launched a year ago The implementation of the Beta Digital Portfolio, popularly known as “Pajorte”. It is a mobile app that will theoretically serve to perform age verification and thus avoid or mitigate access to pornographic content by minors. Its implementation is limited, although the platforms that are already implementing it have detected A colossal fall of its traffic. Europe begins to move card. As they point out In politicianthe European Union has raised a proposal led by Greece and France and Spain as great support. In it the objective is to establish a new regulation to significantly limit the use of social networks by minors. According to the project, minors could lose direct access to networks Like Tiktok or Instagram and would need parental permission to visit these platforms. Denmark, which will occupy the presidency of the EU in the next six months, is in favor of these measures Image | Anthony Choren | Mary Borozdina In Xataka | There were two paths to regulate technology in children: the government has chosen the one with zero screens

Between 1946 and 1990, Europe sank 200,000 radioactive barrels in the Atlantic Ocean. France prepares to recover them

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France will undertake this month of June a mission to map and study the state of the more than 200,000 drums with radioactive material that several European countries sank at the bottom of the sea. The objective: evaluate their environmental impact and study if it is viable to recover them. A practice today unthinkable. For more than four decades, between 1946 and 1990, the norm for several European countries was to pour radioactive waste of very low activity in the oceanic depths. More than 200,000 barrels loaded with gloves, laboratory materials and nuclear samples were sunk in the northeast Atlantic abyssal plains, more than 4,000 meters under the surface of the oceanan internationally prohibited custom by the 1993 London Convention. Better late than never. Although a good part of the radioactivity has disappeared thanks to the short half-life of the CESIO-134 or iron-55 isotopes, so far there has been no state-level effort to recover them. The National Center for Scientific Research in France (CNRS) will be launched at the middle of June With the nodssum missionwhich does not have as its immediate objective the recovery of the 200,000 barrels (a task of titanic proportions), but an exhaustive analysis of the containers, the behavior of the radionuces in the deep ocean and their interaction with the marine ecosystems to make a decision on which one to recover and how to recover them. A robot submarine and fishing networks. The Nodssum project will take place in two major campaigns. The first phase will be a recognition mission that will sail on June 15 and will run until July 11. The protagonist will be the ULYX Submarine Autonomous Robot of the French oceanographic fleet, capable of descending up to 6,000 meters. In its first scientific dives, Ulyx will navigate about 70 meters above the seabed to map with a high resolution Sónar the main discharge zone and identify the location of barrels. Then, it will approach up to 10 meters to photograph them. This phase also includes the initial shot of water samples, sediments and fauna, but without approaching the drums. Scientists will use nasas to capture fish and crustaceans with which to determine the effect of waste on marine life. The barrels will not move until 2026. Taking advantage of the data collected in the first phase, the second mission will use a robot with remotely operated arms, Victor or Nautile, to directly observe the barrels and take samples around it for a more detailed analysis. These data will be those used to determine if necessary, and feasible, selective recovery operations in the future. Security will be the axis of the entire project, which includes a robust radioprotection protocol supervised by the France Nuclear Safety Agency. In addition to amending past errors, the mission will be a unique opportunity to measure the long -term consequences of storing at the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean hundreds of thousands of radioactive waste. Image | CNRS, Greenpeace (1978) In Xataka | Thus, radioactive waste is “buried”: how are nuclear cemeteries inside

France and Italy are passing over Renfe. Your income and benefits are huge thanks to a liberalization to the letter

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Forced by the European Union in a process that began in the 90s and that ended up consolidating in 2005, Renfe and Adif separated their paths. 20 years ago the separation that divided the management of trains and passengers (Renfe competition) of infrastructure maintenance (Adif competition), with the aim of fulfilling European obligations to liberalize the rail transport of people and goods on Spanish soil. That liberalization of passenger transport did not have consolidated until 2021 when Ouigo started operating On Spanish roads. Shortly after more competition with Iro would arrive. Along the way, Renfe launched his avlohigh speed Low Cost of the Spanish company. Since then, the four companies (and their three operators) They have fought their particular battle to conquer the public … inside and outside Spain. And it is where, everything indicates, France and Italy are passing over Renfe. France, far ahead of any competitor The data of the unequal result that Spain is obtaining in front of the Italian FS Italiane and, above all, the French SNCF brings them electionomista.eswhere they echo the income and, above all, the financial result they are obtaining and those that are noticed in the future. Analyzing the financial results presented by companies, the sum of Renfe and Adif (Then we will see why this is important) have generated benefits of 280.15 million euros in 2024. However, they do not compensate for the losses of almost 353 million euros they signed in 2023. Among the big European companies, Spain and France are the only ones that have had benefits in 2024 but it must be taken into account that the figure of FS Italiane in 2023 was extraordinarily good. And it is that its 208 million euros of losses are well compensated with the 1,100 million euros that obtained as a benefit in 2023. That is, between 2023 and 2024, Renfe and Adif lost around 73 million euros. In that period, Italy won almost 900 million euros with its company for the exploitation of rail services. Although the true winner is the French SNCF. The 1,310 million euros that they won in 2023 fell short if we take as a reference 2024 when the company accumulated a benefit of 1,557 million euros. The gap It can be even greater if we take into account the volume of income. Spain adds with Renfe and Adif 5,526.45 million euros. Compared to any other country of competition is a very small figure. Germany added with DB 26,211 million euros in revenue (although it is by far the country that loses more money, with 1.8 billion spatched in 2024). Italy stayed at 16,529 million euros but, as we have seen, the balance in the last two exercises is very positive. And France breaks the graph with 43,354 million euros of income. A liberalization to the letter that is decisive Although European liberalization was aimed at being talking about companies here and not countries … the truth is that we do not have to. As we said, in Spain Renfe and Adif took separate roads in 2005. We have already seen, a company in charge of infrastructure management and another of trains and trips because, in theory, they could not be the same company to guarantee competition. However, in Germany, France and Italy Companies that manage each type of business They have stayed together in the same group Business, which facilitates operations within the same country and serves as a barrier to entry to foreign competitors. A way of acting that, in fact, has been criticized by the European Union but has remained standing despite everything. Among those investigations is the one that The European Commission opened To determine if the state aid received by SNCF in 2007 and 2019 comply with the legislation. The verdicts are important because Spain (which did comply by separating Renfe and Adif from root) has accused France and SNCF from dumping. According to the government, it is the French aid that allows Ouigo to operate in Spain despite collecting losses what would reaffirm his complaint against Europe. From ouigo they have reiterated that These results are the usual in a company that is entering a new market. This way of working has also been key to putting all possible brakes at the Spanish entrance to the French market. Renfe assures that from the Gallic country The deadlines have been dilated as possible And they have squeezed the regulations to certify that the Talgo trains with which they want to operate are not valid to reach Paris, where the great business of the French railways is located. The obstacles are so many that Renfe, as he collects The avant -gardehe would be evaluating the neighboring country. Paloma Baena, general director of Renfe Operadora Global Strategy, arrived at demand in the French Senate equal treatment and pointed out that they did not expect to function normally until 2029 if everything followed. In 2024, Renfe demanded To the French transport regulator the same and SNCF took a pull of ears by its compatriots. However, nothing has changed. In Germany, Italy and France, the operators of services and railway lines are working under the same business group. This, according to electionomista.esfacilitates its expansion to other areas related to public transport and other countries. Keolis is a SNCF subsidiary and receives income abroad for services in urban and interurban transport. Eurostar squeeze the European monopoly. At this time, 38% of SNCF income They arrive from abroad. France plans to take ouigo to Italy, plan to operate in Canada and have a high speed line in Morocco. Italy, on the other hand, has managed to enter the Lyon-Paris route and stay in the Milan-París. He intends to connect the gala capital with London and Brussels while his expansion for Germany, in Munich and Berlin is scheduled. In addition, it already has services in Spain, Germany, Greece, the Netherlands and operates four subway lines in Riad (Saudi Arabia). For its part, Spain barely receives income that … Read more

Germany and France have signed a pact to reconfigure the continent

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The debate on nuclear energy It seems more alive than everbut it is not something new. He has been on the table for a couple of years and began to intensify with the closure of nuclear plants. Two years ago, Germany hill its last three nuclear centrals within politics, Energy. This measure was taken by the to an accident similar to Fukushima And it was reinforced by The Ukraine Wara cocktail that generated an intense national debate. Now with the arrival of the new Friedrich Merz Chancellor, the situation has taken another course. The firm. At a time where the European Union It is focusing All its efforts towards the energy transition, two countries have sealed an alliance that will change the paradigm of the contain. Germany has stopped blocking France’s efforts so that nuclear energy receives the same treatment as renewables in EU legislation, according to He has reported Financial Times. This decision marks a radical change regarding German position, which until now opposed to consider nuclear energy as a green source. THE PACT. The agreement has established three key points for nuclear energy. First, the Pink hydrogenproduced from nuclear energy, is classified as “green”, granting the same status as renewable hydrogen. Second, pejorative references against nuclear in EU legal texts will be eliminated, facilitating its inclusion in future energy regulations. Finally, this covenant could be key for nuclear energy to receive EU financing. A reactivation. The German Foreign Minister Friedrich Merz is using this agreement to reactivate Franco-German cooperation and advance in European energy policy. All this, motivated under the need of the German country to maintain competitive electricity prices and ensure stable energy supply. As They have detailed In the London environment, the agreement would open a door to future conversations about the possible integration of Germany into the French nuclear shield, a deterrent to the Russian threat. And the renewable boom? If something characterizes Germany It is his commitment to self -consumptionsurpassing Spain. In fact, last year more than 60% of electricity consumption came from clean sources, but the dependency by Gas remains highespecially during periods of Dunkelflautewhere renewable intermission can threaten the stability of the electrical system. So are they going to reopen centrals? No, there will be no reopening of conventional nuclear power plants. However, new nuclear technologies are being explored that could position Germany as a European reference. According to Financial Timesone of the technologies will be the small modular reactors (SMR), which have advantages in terms of safety, flexibility and smaller scale. In addition, the development of nuclear fusion is being promoted, with the announcement of firm support to the plant of Proxima Fusiona project that seeks to move towards a safer nuclear energy and No long -term radioactive waste. But wasn’t there a controversy? In 2022, the EU implemented green taxonomy to classify sustainable investments. However, since its approval, this regulation already includes nuclear energy and natural gas as transition energy sources, a movement that generated great controversy at the time. In this way, this new pact can bring a tail, because Austria remains the only member state that strongly opposes nuclear energy, while Belgium and the Netherlands are reconsidering their nuclear policies, as They have pointed out In Financial Times. Forecasts At the moment this pact has two approaches. In the short term, the agreement wants to stabilize energy prices and guarantee shared nuclear infrastructure. In the long term, Germany aspires to position itself as a leader in advanced nuclear technologies, especially in nuclear fusion and SMR, in addition to consolidating itself as a European reference of green hydrogen. This new turn that is taking Germany will transform the European energy balance and is another ingredient for the debate of the nuclear, which remains latent in the continent. However, in this context, one might ask if this position will not even intensify the divisions between the Member States, fueling tensions around common energy policy and complicating the transition to a more sustainable model. Image | Lnbiggs Xataka | A power in nuclear energy is emerging as the best alternative to Russia and China for the West: South Korea

France has put the soy in the spotlight. Science is not so clear that it is a good idea

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Soy has become one more element in our kitchens. Soja drinks, for example, are no longer a simple substitute for milk used by vegan people, but as one more drink. However, soy has also aroused the suspicions of some, generally focused around one of its components. Now those who have just paid their food in this food have been the French health authorities. Advise against. A few weeks ago, ANSES, the National Agency for Health Security of Food, the Environment and French work, issued a recommendation in which soybean products were advised in collective restoration. The motive wielded is in the isoflavones, but Not everyone is convinced in which it has been a good idea. Soy and isoflavonas. The Isoflavonas They are estrogen -like substances (hormones linked mainly to female reproduction) that are produced by some plants. Among the plants that produce these compounds are soybeans, and also to a lesser extent in other legumes and vegetables. The impacts on the human health of these compounds have generated interest in the community, scientific, not only for the risks that could entail but also for potential benefits. Since these compounds can be “coupled” to our hormonal receptors, the possible risks associated with the consumption of these phytoestrogens usually associate with their impact on our hormonal system, especially in that of children and adolescents, even in the growth stage. Avoid excessive consumption. According to details Radio France Internationalthe new measure is focused on avoiding excessive consumption, through the recommendation to eliminate soy products from collective restoration. This includes from nurseries to elderly residences, as well as other teaching centers and the canteens of companies. The new guide of the French agency establishes toxicological reference values ​​(TRV) by ingestion that try to delimit the safe consumption of these compounds (those that are below the value), of which they could begin to suppose a risk. According to the agency, these values ​​would be 0.02 mg per kg of body mass and day in the general population, and 0.01 mg/kg of body mass and day in pregnant women and children. Doubts. The measure has generated some skepticism. As It is explained from Sincthe new limits are based on studies conducted with animal models. While this type of studies represent a fundamental pillar when studying the impact of some substances, extrapolating its results to humans is not always simple. There are at least three factors that could alter these results continue to explain the article. The first, metabolic: mice metabilize these compounds less efficiently, which causes them to accumulate more easily in their body. Secondly, because some of the studies would have been using high doses that would not correspond to those we absorb when we consume isoflavones orally. Finally, the intestinal microbiota could also play a fundamental role in our absorption of these compounds. And in this sense, the gastrointestinal microbioma of humans and mice differs too much to be able to perform reliable extrapolations. And in humans? As they detail from Sinchumans do not yield especially alarming results. Rather on the contrary. These studies, including A technical review published in 2022 In the magazine Critical Reviews in Food Science and NutritionThey tend to point out that endocrine disruption tests associated with soybean consumption or its isoflavones are not detected. Controlling food concentration. Although the recommendations to collective restoration have focused the debate of the new French recommendations, these also pay attention to soy producers and food manufacturers. Not all soy varieties and not all products of this legume contain comparable isoflavone concentrations. That is why It is recommended To these sectors choose plant varieties, agronomic techniques and elaboration processes that minimize the presence of these compounds. In Xataka | In full tariff war, the EU has found a weapon to press the United States: soybeans Image | Tankilevitch polyina

France puts Apple a fine for making advertisers difficult. The problem of the fine is that it is symbolic

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Apple It has been fined with 150 million euros By the Fancesa regulatory authority, I authorized her in the concurrence. The sanction is due to its dominant position between 2021 and 2023 in the advertising segment in mobile applications. It is the first fine that an antimonopoly regulator issues Apple by the call Tracking transparency app (ATT). This technology is supposed to prevent apps from tracking us more than the account. In iPhone and iPad ATT it allows users to decide which apps can monitor their activity. However the system has been criticized by advertisers And for Apple’s rivals –With Facebook as a great example-, to which it harms by depending on that online advertising. In fact, the investigation that has ended up causing this fine comes from the complaints of Several online advertisers associations and also of Internet suppliers who accused Apple of abusing their privileged position. The French regulatory entity indicated in a statement that “although the objective pursued by ATT is not critical in itself, the way in which it applies It is not necessary or provided to the declared objective of Apple to protect personal data. “ In fact, the statement also stood out as ATT “particularly penalizes small advertisers”, who depend largely on third -party data for their business. The fine, of course, is much smaller than the European Union imposed on Apple last year for Spotify demand for “limiting options and drowning innovation.” Then The fine was 1.8 billion euros. Apple has indicated that it was disappointed with the fine, and that the French regulator has not specified what changes should make for its privacy control tool. The ATT system is also being investigated by the regulatory entities of Germany. The fine, as we say, is almost symbolic, especially if we compare it with what the EU imposed last year. Even so, this could return to Increase existing tensions with Donald Trump’s governmentwhich in recent weeks has begun to launch tariffs that raise a global commercial war and that of course They significantly affect Europe. Image | Anthony Choren | La Moncloa In Xataka | The Spanish car will be unscathed from US tariffs for a very simple reason: we manufacture cheap models

The EU wants to corner the privacy of WhatsApp and Signal with rear doors. In France the play has gone wrong

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The National Assembly of France vote On March 20, a fundamental issue for the privacy of its citizens. One that put into play the confidentiality of their conversations in messaging applications such as WhatsApp or Signal. Rear doors. As they point out In EFF (Electronic Frontier Foundation), the French proposal was disturbing. The objective was to force messaging platforms such as WhatsApp or Signal to create “rear doors” that allow hidden access to private conversations. The proposal is part of measures with the argument of avoiding child pornography (sexual Child abuse material, CSAM). We are waiting for you in territory s Do you like Samsung? We have a new specialized medium in Samsung and its products with tricks, offers, tutorials and all news about the brand. Go to territory A for mass surveillance. The law proposal raised a spectacular tool for mass surveillance. One who already tried adopt in the United Kingdom in 2019 and that would allow security agencies to join encrypted chats without their participants getting tale. Terrible for privacy, but also for security. The threat not only affected our privacy, but the security of these applications. The experts They criticized Already in 2019 the proposal and They warned that it could serve to introduce systemic vulnerabilities or create tools that many would end up abusing. The French organization La Quadrature du Net (LQDN), which defends the fundamental freedoms of the digital world, He urged a mobilization Against this “drug law” that among its options included this theoretical creation of rear doors. Of that, nothing. Fortunately for privacy defenders, French legislators voted against said proposal, allowing these platforms to continue to continue operating with end -to -end encryption that protects the confidentiality of these communications. A difficult victory. As indicated in the EFF, this victory was not easy, and only came after popular pressure, expert comments “and the support of civil society.” Even so, they warn, the pressures will follow to try to activate measures that mining the privacy of our communications, “perhaps repaired, or put in full speed through quieter legislative moments.” That is also the danger: that these laws end up being approved in a deceptive way and as part of broader and more generic laws. Blissful chat control. Last September the Presidency of Hungary of the European Union Council recovered the proposal of the so -called Chat Control, that is, the end -to -end encryption elimination. There was a first attempt that was rejected, but during the summer the threads began to be moved for review, the called chat control 2.0 that is in development. The new proposal relaxes the terms. Chat Control 2.0 is still worrying. The proposal Published by the Presidency of Poland of the Council would make the scan of these “voluntary” conversations and would be classified as preventive. The experts They believe That this proposal is a step in the right direction to protect the right of European citizens to maintain their private digital correspondence. The Government of Spain wants rear doors. Fernando Grande-Marlaska, Spanish Interior Minister, is one of the great defenders of the rear doors. In a 2023 document he presented how it is “imperative that we have access to the data.” There are many other European countries in favor of this type of measures, and as explained in the activist organization ChatControl.EU “Created by Patrick Breyer, of the German Pirate Party,” the risks to privacy are important. Image | Nathan Dumlao In Xataka | A rear door 30 years ago has compromised all US safety. Europe wants to make the same mistake

Spain opened its lines to Ouigo. France is now doing everything possible to avoid the entry of Renfe

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It seemed inconceivable but we had been living with it for almost four years. Yes, Renfe trains circulate on the Spanish railways. The Order arrived from Europe and Spain complied with a guideline that has opened the door to Ouigo and Iro. A door that, for Renfe, seems to be stuck in France. What happened for Renfe to be studying his departure from the neighboring country? A liberalization. It arrived in 2021. First Renfe had to face the competition with Ouigo. Shortly after it was Iro. And when we wanted to realize, in the Spanish roads these three companies are competing in high speed by some clients that, if we add Avlo, have four options on top of the table. Liberalization came ordered from the European Union. From Brussels it was voted in favor of opening the railroads and that any company could operate on the roads of the entire continent. A liberalization that has its peculiarities because the demands in terms of security and approval to meet the protocols follow in the hands of the authorities of each country. You don’t pass here. The latter is especially important and we have seen it in Spain. For example, When Ouigo wanted to get to Andalusia has had to adapt its trains to the protocols of the LZB systemsince they do not resemble those of the rest of the continent. When the Madrid-Seville line was created for the 1992 Expo, it was decided to use said system that would later fall into disuse and failed to impose itself on Erts that we see in the rest of Europe. These types of regulations, in addition to the payment of a fee for the maintenance of the roads and other services to ADIF are those that have put on a war footing to Ouigo and the Government. The first when pointing out that Adif charges excessive rates for the service they offer. The second because they ensure that Ouigo throws prices Below the market. What do we have? High speed with four operators and the lowest prices than ever. Where The competition has been greaterprices have dropped. They have not dropped where the demand is very high (such as the Madrid-Barcelona corridor) but in lines where you have to fight more to catch customers as in the Andalusian runners or in Madrid-Aliante where the supply was not extended until 2023. In your latest reportthe CNMC pointed out that the volume of passengers has not stopped increasing. Where new options have been opened have generated a greater number of journeys and a price drop until reaching more than 10 million passengers in the third quarter of 2024. A conflict. In this context Renfe has proposed to open new lines in France. Taking advantage of liberalization, the Spanish company has wanted make Ouigo competition In his own home. The movement began with controversy, with Renfe selling Nine euros tickets. In Spain, Ouigo defended himself saying that they were in a launch phase and that they expect be profitable this year. The promise is about to be fulfilled while SNCF, owner of Ouigo, has already put its conditions to enter to compete in the market of Cercanías y Medio Distancethe other great liberalization that we have ahead. The fight for the really interesting. Ouigo in Spain is competing in the big runners for lament of Óscar PuenteMinister of Transport, which indicated that these companies can focus on profitability While Renfe also has to Fulfill your public service position. Ouigo does compete in Madrid-Barcelona, ​​Madrid-Sevilla or Madrid-Aliante, for example. And in those same conditions he wants to play Renfe in France. At the moment, the company operates in the Lyon-Barcelona and Lyon-Marsella runners but the great yearning is still to reach Paris. The capital is especially juicy because most of the great French lines leave from there and could join Madrid and Paris in a single corridor. And here is the great conflict. You don’t pass here (2). Renfe a The avant -garde that France is doing everything possible to torpedo the expansion of the company on its way to Paris. The first intention was to reach Paris before the Olympic Games last summer but it was not possible. And the technical approval still does not get what he is doing to the company to rethink if they must move on. They explain that the problem is in the technical approval of trains. The approval of them usually takes about six months of work but at this time they are already going for three years. Coincidentally, the approval to operate in the Barcelona-Tooulouse corridor as of April 2025 is ready. Renfe is, for the moment, notice in the southern and southeast zone of France. And according to the company, the project does not paint well. To the point of Paloma Baena, general director of Renfe Operadora Global Strategy, demanded in the French Senate A few weeks ago equal conditions in the deal and pointed out that they did not expect to function normally until 2029 if everything followed. The excuse. What they say from France is that the trains that Renfe has presented to operate in the lines that have Paris as origin or destination are incompatible with the technology of their tracks. First tried with trains 100F series of ALSTOM which are those operating in the south of the country. After rejection, he has tried with the Talgo 106 Series with which Renfe operates in Spain. And, in addition, François Durovray, already former Minister of Transportation in France, also pointed out that he wanted to force companies to enter the country Operate in deficit lines. Exactly the type of runners where Ouigo does not operate in Spain and what Oscar Puente Moles ago lamented. Photo | Xataka In Xataka | Renfe trusted Talgo’s trains to overcome Ouigo and Iro. With your arrival, breakdowns, delays and controversies accumulate

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