experiment

Tariffs have made Temu an economic experiment in real time: see how far their clients endure

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Trump tariffs have turned Temu into an interesting behavioral economy laboratory. When the tariffs rose to 145%, the Chinese platform did something unheard of: Show exactly why prices uploadedbreaking down the price and explaining the origin of each extra charge. Why is it important. This radical transparency avoided a total collapse. Although Daily users fell 58% and the GMV (gross merchandise value) was reduced by halfTemu managed to retain 40 million users when some predictions talked about a collapse. Honesty over tariffs has transformed a debacle into a manageable crisis. In Xataka China’s rare land block is very delicate for Europe for another reason: high -power magnets In detail. Temu’s strategy is brutally direct. Instead of hiding the increases, they explain: “Imported articles may be subject to import positions. These charges cover all customs -related processes and costs.” A mobile cover went from $ 1 to $ 1.50. It looks like a rise of “only 50 cents”, but it is 50%. It is difficult to resist such a percentage increase. However, $ 1.50 remains a much lower price than American equivalents. The context. Trump eliminated the exemption “of Minimis” which allowed shipments from China without tariffs for packages of less than $ 800. Initially it applied 145% tariffs, then reduced them to 54% for 90 days. 90% of Temu’s business depended on this model that took advantage of the legal lagoon. When it disappeared, the company had to reinvent itself. Yes, but. The experiment has limits. Temu eliminated 3.4 million products from its catalogleaving only 150,000 sent by boat. 20% of vendors went to other platforms or markets. The company reduced its advertising expense in the United States and redirected resources to Europewhere his advertising investment has multiplied by twelve. {“Videid”: “X8RH2E2”, “Autoplay”: False, “Title”: “A very fast air fryer but is not for everyone”, “Tag”: “Webedia-Prod”, “Duration”: “489”} The partial resistance of consumers says a lot about price psychology. When Temu showed total transparency on tariffs, many buyers interpreted the increases as something external to the company, not as Temu’s greed. This perception of “we against the system” translated into an unexpected loyalty between the hard core of users. TeMU is transforming its business model on the fly. Launched the “Model Y2“That allows Chinese merchants to send directly without storing inventory in the United States. The “local to local” model is expanding where American sellers sell locally stored products. Its objective: that 80% European sales come from local vendors to avoid tariffs. The big question. What does the US consumer say that 40 million remain willing to pay almost double for Chinese products? Trump wanted to kill Chinese electronic commerce, but has ended up airing the existence of a huge group of consumers for whom the equation-value equation of Chinese products is still irresistible. Even with 145%tariffs. In Xataka | China has made a drastic decision and unpredictable consequences: prioritizing “its” technology, even worse Outstanding image | Alain G. ShumbushoTemu (Function () {Window._js_modules = Window._js_modules || {}; var headelement = document.getelegsbytagname (‘head’) (0); if (_js_modules.instagram) {var instagramscript = Document.Createlement (‘script’); }}) (); – The news Tariffs have made Temu an economic experiment in real time: see how far their clients endure It was originally posted in Xataka by Javier Lacort .

A group of scientists has proposed to infect another world and see what happens as an experiment. His candidate: The Enced Moon

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While NASA’s rovers are still looking for clues on Mars, Jupiter, and Esturno, Saturn’s icy moons, of Jupiter, of Jupiter, They have become the main candidates to house microbial life outside the earth in the solar system. But what will we do if we discover that they are not inhabited? A controversial idea. Encard, with Your subsurface ocean and confirmed presence of crucial elements for lifeIt is a usual focus of scientific fascination. The European Space Agency Plan to send a probe there which would arrive in 2054. Anticipating a disappointment, a group of astrobiologists has launched a bold proposal: if it turns out to be uninhabited, we can consider “infecting it” deliberately with terrestrial microbes to observe how life spreads in a habitable but virgin world. An unprecedented experiment. Since they began to explore the solar system, large space agencies have taken very seriously not to contaminate other planets and satellites, building their probes in clean rooms to reduce the number of bacteria that could survive on board. This experiment would be to do the opposite. It would be the first planetary scale attempt to build a biosphere. It would force us to learn how to assemble complex ecosystems from scratch, which organisms are the most appropriate to do so and how they behave in extraterrestrial conditions. Why sow life in another world. Charles S. Cockell, Holley Conte and M. Dale detail their idea in an article published By Space Policy magazine. The group argues that, if future missions confirmed the absence of native life in Encela, the deliberate inoculation of the satellite would help us understand how life spreads in permanently dark oceans. Inoculation would allow to investigate how bacteria ecosystems were organized On the ground snowball or even If hydrothermal chimneys From a primitive land they could be the place where life arose on our planet during the early or early archaic times. A multiphendary economy. Entering a more speculative field, an inhabited brain could, in theory, become a source of materials for the exploration of the exterior system if humanity would become a multiparaneary species. The authors even mention the engineering of organisms as an option to make the new biosphere, transforming the ocean of the Saturn moon into a “biofuel production plant”, once our metanogenic bacteria have prospered. It could even resort to synthetic biology to design optimized organisms. Faster than terraft Mars. The experiment would, of course, a multigenerational company, but unlike Mars the terraftwhich would take centuries, the inoculation of an extraterrestrial ocean could be achieved with current technology and would be “much simpler and less expensive.” But there are also ethical implications. How many missions are needed to be sure that it is really uninhabited? Is such an experiment more valuable than studying the geological and geochemical processes of a virgin world? And perhaps it is also possible to ask: will we be able to guard a second biosphere, in addition to that of the earth, for multiple generations? It is worth thinking in the long term, but we must previously intensify our sense of responsibility for the Earth’s biosphere. Image | POT In Xataka | We have been looking for “habitable” places in space for decades. The Encelado Ocean paints better

Without traffic lights for the blackout, Spain lived a real libertarian experiment of mobility. And it went quite well

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And at 12:32 p.m. on April 28, 2025, Spain went black. We knew almost immediately when connections with our partners were cut of work. Computers with the Black screentrains stopped in the tunnels, frozen elevators between plants and on the street … on the street a normal life. More or less. Because beyond the tails in the Mercadona and the children running and shouting through the courtyard of school at abnormally late hours, traffic more or less flowed. No available trainsthe passengers jumped to shot traffic. In private cars, in public buses and making horsetop. More or less, at greater or lesser speed, Traffic continued flowing. Yes, we have seen that in the center of the big cities such as Madrid or Barcelona, ​​the main roads soon getting stuck. But it is also true that traffic worked with relative calm there in many other parts. It was the confirmation that traffic can flow if we put a little all on our part. And it is the confirmation of why there are those who design cross -free crossings. Traffic lights in Granada on April 28, 2025 during the national blackout A little please On March 17, 1926, almost 100 years ago, Madrid installed the first traffic light in Spain. He arrived to make “a more rational use of private cars and generally favor that of public transport, in addition to making citizen coexistence more pleasant and contributing to a greater and safer use of the street for pedestrians”, as read on municipal sides of the time. Who was going to tell us that almost a century later, the radio would concatenate connections by Spanish cities in which the return of the light to the traffic lights of the street was celebrated. It was enough to hit the ear to the transistor to feel some relief in the voice of the reporters who finally pointed out that the light had returned to the traffic lights. With the traffic lights it seemed to return normality. That red light that prohibits the passage to whoever crosses my path and leaves me free. That amber light that warns me of danger but It seems that it only shouts that accelerates. But what if normality remained without traffic lights? It is what happened in most of the country. Without lights to regulate traffic, cordiality, negotiation was imposed and we did not have to regret serious incidents. The supposed anarchy never became such and putting all on our part took control of the streets. “We install traffic lights to promote fluidity and increase speed, against negotiation and In many cases we do the opposite“The words were expressed by Román Torre, a member of the XIXONÉS OF MOBILITY and author of various articles related to mobility in cities. On your tweetreferred to a crossing in which it is observed how vehicles circulate with total fluidity. Of course, it is not a crossing with the volume of traffic that we can find in the North Zone of Madrid which, everything is said, It usually stuck with and without traffic lights. And, in fact, the tower itself indicates at the end of the thread that it is a solution “that is not worth all sites.” Click on the image to go to the original tweet However, the video does show that on many occasions the fluidity of the traffic is guaranteed without traffic lights. And, the best thing is that it is not only guaranteed, it is also a safer solution. If there are no lights, the driver is obliged to reduce the speed when approaching a crossing because he does not have the traffic light safety network guaranteeing a free track. At lower speed, a possible clash is more unlikely, it would have lower consequences and, in addition, the possibility of an outrage are reduced. The DGT contemplates How to act at intersections without priority of passage But just watch a video recorded yesterday to check how the negotiation It is imposed to give way to each car little by little, Without slowing traffic. It is something that has been studied and applied in the Netherlands. An example is that of Alexanderplein in the center of Amsterdam. There, after various studiesit was decided to eliminate traffic lights and found that despite living cyclists and trams, traffic fluidity is better than without the lights that supposedly manage traffic. The secret is to observe the rest of the traffic agents. Something similar is what is applied in Groningen where the maximum has applied for years “All green” for cyclists at 29 intersections of the city. Fully closing traffic to cars for a few seconds, it was found that if bicycles are allowed to circulate total freedom (a similar experience to do it without traffic lights) traffic is more fluid. One of the reasons is undoubtedly low speed that circulates that facilitates making decisions in very little space and, therefore, fluidity when taking one or another way. That controlled chaos is possible thanks to the fact that we move “As we would behave if we were pedestrians”, In Ford words. The company presented some time ago a solution to take advantage of communication between vehicles to eliminate traffic lights and, with them, unnecessary waiting. Without lights regulating traffic, ensures that autonomous cars They can move with total tranquility Because they reduce speed when they reach intersections and movements are safer. The point is that what humans live yesterday. Torre explains in Migijón That the absence of lights causes drivers to take the initiative when crossing the intersection instead of “obeying” the green or red light. This prevents trumpeting with a stop, an acceleration and a new detention on the next street. Obviously, without traffic lights, the car stops but applying some negotiation between drivers, the arrests are much shorter as it can be seen in their videos. Much of the secret is in that reduction in speed when approaching the intersection. No traffic light, the driver must circulate more slowly and … Read more

It was a secret Volkswagen experiment that should not even exist

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In the automobile world, where the competition between brands It is relentless, there are always curious stories and impossible experiments, especially when it comes to Development of a new engine. A clear example can be that occasion when someone came up with the Motor of a plane in a BMW. A similar idea had Ferdinand Piëch, grandson of Ferdinand Porsche and CEO of the Volkswagen Group until 2015. Piëch was an obsessive of the engines and wanted to develop a New more powerful and efficient block for your high -end cars. However, the brand had no adequate car in its catalog to test the thrust of its new engine. So Piëch He bought a BMW M5 and set up a Volkswagen W10 inside That would never see the light. The boss’s passion: create the best engines He Bugatti Veyron development He already showed that Ferdinand Piëch was obsessed with developing The best engine in the world. According to He affirmed a video From the Drivetribe channel, that obsession led him to buy a BMW sports berlina to serve as a mule to test his new W10 engine. What makes this case even more unique is that, for decades, the prototype of Ferdinand Piëch was so secret that it was thought that it never existed and it was believed that it was an urban legend that Volkswagen denied by active and passive. However, Recently it came to light Thanks to a Belgian sale, revealing fascinating details about its construction and performance. At the end of the 90s and early 2000s, Ferdinand Piëch got between eyebrow and eyebrow developing engines in narrow “V” to expand a catalog of engines as I had never seen the German brand before. Under the supervision of Piëch, the German manufacturer lived an era of Experimentation and unusual creativity. From the VR6 that roared under the hood of the golf R32, to the W12 and the W16 that gave life to the Audi A8, the Volkswagen Touareg and, of course, the Bugatti Veyron. In his attempt to optimize the performance and efficiency of his engines, Piëch came up with two V5 engines as those that mounted the Golf MK4 and the first batch of the Seat Toledo, to obtain a W10. Since no group of the group met the requirements to house this engine, the Volkswagen CEO decided to cross the limits: it bought a BMW M5 E39, it took away its original V8 engine and made it the platform they needed to test the W10. Volkswagen did not limit the New engine in the BMW opening anyway. He integrated it as if it were a production model in such a neat that seemed to have left directly from the assembly line. In fact, unlike conventional development prototypeson the outside the car did not attract attention and maintained the classic appearance of an M5. His secret was that under the hood he housed an engine that produced between 456 and 507 hp and a maximum torque of 550 nm. His performance was so good that even Ferdinand Piëch used this M5 E39 as a personal car to move daily for a while, although it lacked electronic assistance systems such as ABS or traction control. A myth come true The existence of a BMW M5 E39 with a Volkswagen W10 engine was considered for decades Like a myth. There were rumors that the prototype had been destroyed or that it never really existed. The car, now known as the experimental M5, looks an adhesives on the lighthouse and in its back in which its purpose is clear: try the Volkswagen W10 engine. The interior of the vehicle remains exactly the same as any M5 of the time, with the exception of the control box, since the manufacturer added a personalized one with some additional switches that allowed it to activate or deactivate functions to test your performance and obtain additional information. For everything else, a production car that would not attract attention to see it parked in any 2000 business parking lot, although under its hood it snoring a unique engine that has never seen the light. That makes this prototype a Exclusive piece for collectors That, although the seller does not offer a sales figure, from Drivetribe they ensure that he will approach a lot to Price of a pure Ferrarialthough Volkswagen invested more than two million dollars in developing the engine that moves it. In Xataka | A Bugatti jumped a radar in Belgium at 388 km/h. Your driver can get rid of too fast In Xataka | They are founders and ultra -ups, but they have not always driven luxury supercoches: a review of the cars of the Tech millionaires Image | Flickr (Olli Vininio, Adam Court)

In the 60s Spain wanted to experiment with gamma radiation. The result was an “atomic forest” in Alcalá

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Before rowing us and getting into work I propose a game. One fast, simple and above all curious. Open Google Maps, activates the satellite vision (with that of the street the effect will not be the same), write “Alcalá Atomic Garden” And then let the web transfer you to a point located near Meco and the Northeast HighwayA-2. There, Google’s red claw. Approximate. What do you see? Exact. A Huge circumference green Symmetric. Perfect As if they had drawn it with an XXL size compass. If you dedicate a couple of seconds you will appreciate that it is formed by concentric circles, a succession Tree rings Almost and leafy enough to stand out in bird view and that someone planted in their day around a clear center. It is not a mistake. It is history. More specifically the footprint of “El Encín Gamma Radiation Field”an installation that in its day, back in the last decades of Franco, stood out on the country’s scientific map. His chronicle is fascinating. Almost as much as the large 15 -hectare wooded square left in Alcalá and that, In words From the anthropologist Ambrosio Sánchez de Ribera, it is “a singularity” at European level. New times, new science The 50s and 60s were times of change. For the world, which gradually entered into The cold war. And of course for Spain, where Franco seemed to enter a new phase marked by developmentalism and a certain cracking of its international isolation, with milestones such as The signing of the concordat with the Holy See In 1953, the Pacts of Madrid or the entrance to the UN, In 1955. The 50 were also time for something else: nuclear energy. With still the recent memory of Hiroshima and Nagasaki And in full arms race with Moscow, the US wanted international opinion not to focus only on the threat of atomic war and also value its civil and scientific uses. Probably the best proof of that effort is speech “Peace atoms”pronounced in 1953 by Eisenhower before the UN. “Instead of focusing exclusively on the dangers of atomic war, Eisenhower praised the Civil nuclear applications In agriculture, medicine and energy generation. He proposed to create an ‘international atomic energy organism’ that promoted the peaceful use of nuclear energy ‘for the benefit of humanity’ “, Remember Elisabeth Röhrlichhistorian of the University of Vienna. The result soon materialized: just Four years laterIn 1957, the International Atomic Energy Agency (OIEA) was created. Spain, who had started his own (and shy) history with nuclear energy to late 40did not remain impermeable to those changes. In the 50 Patria Press (Node included) already talked about the US plants either United Kingdom and experiments with radioactive sources applied to medicine and agriculture. In 57 Madrid even hosted a European FAO summit on the subject. Thus, with that backdrop, around 1959, Spain decided to take another step and, with the key mediation of César Gómez Campoan engineer with experience in the USA, planned to create his own “Gamma Radiation Field”a focused specifically designed to perform “crop and seed irradiation experiments”. The chosen place: El Encín, a plot away from Alcalá where Gómez Campo himself had been conducting studies for Agronomic Research Institute. The project advanced relatively fast, as Ambrosio Sánchez de Ribera recalls in a broad (and very complete) essay About the Encín published in 2018 in Complutenses Annals. In 1961, what time was lifted would be an active scientific installation whose footprint still shows today from Google bird: a field of study of 440 square meters of diameter, an area of ​​15 hectares and 18,000 trees, although in 2018 there were only 5,000 left. A huge outdoor laboratory The Encín was a huge outdoor laboratory. One with a design as peculiar as its purpose. The field was circular and was formed by a series of concentric rings arranged around an axis. In the center there was a circle of 25 m radius with a removable hexagonal greenhouse. Inside it contained a lead sarcophagus that housed the source of radiation with which scientists operated, Cesio137 from used bars of American nuclear reactors. Around that central almond of 50 m in diameter, protected with a concrete wall and a stepped soil slope of several meters high to avoid the radiation output, the nearly 18,000 trees that completed the circumference of 15 hectares were distributed. Its purpose was to serve as extra screen against radiation. By way of auction, the center had a garden of large trees and several constructions where the staff had its offices and laboratories. Clarified what the Encín was the other great question: What did they do in it in the 60s? Basically experiment with radiation to find mutations that in last terms allow to achieve varieties of interesting vegetables, fruits or seeds for their characteristics. What is called induced mutagenesis. Gómez Campo himself explained In 1964, which centers such as El Encín were dedicated: “Essentially it consists of a gamma ray emitting source that is installed in an open field, so that the irradiation of growth or relatively bulky animals is possible.” Certain hours a day and for several months a year, at the Alcalá base the technicians opened the lead sarcophagus so that the gamma ray emitting source could act in the center of the field, the 50 m area of ​​diameter protected with a wall and slope in which plants, seeds, insects or some animals were exposed. “The dose received depended on the distance from Cesio137”, Sánchez de Ribera clarifies. When the years of irradiation ended the lead sarcophagus fell again, the caesium was locked and the researchers could access to work. The El Encín field worked 12 years, Between 1961 and 1973when his activity was complicated by the construction of a cement factory in the surroundings. The dust hindered research, so that in 73 it was decided to remove the radioactive source and transfer it to the Polytechnic University of Madrid. There he was only three years before embarking on … Read more

Thus ended the experiment that Spain is copying

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In LaLiga’s fight against illegal soccer broadcasts, there is not only websites of websites dedicated to this type of broadcasts, but also shared IPS blockades that are affecting thousands of legitimate companies. This same scenario was lived in Italy just a year ago, when its regulator, AGCom, implemented the “Piracy Shield”, a system that ended up demonstrating the risks of this type of blockades. Between bambalins. The Italian case started in the summer of 2023, with the approval of the aforementioned “Piracy Shield“, But the real problems began in February 2024, when the first mass blockages caused thousands of legitimate websites, including nothing less than Google Drivethey will be inaccessible. A situation that is now familiar to us: here is Github who is inaccessible. The IPS blocked then belonged mainly to Cloudflare, Zenlayer and Google (hence the of Drive), causing A domino effect similar to that now suffers from Spain. In figures. The current impact on Spain is being considerable: more than 50% of IPS that distribute LaLiga content without a license are housed in Cloudflare, according to the employer of Spanish professional football. “Those are the worst,” said his president Javier Tebas about Cloudflare a few months ago in an interview with Jordi Wild (minute 13:10). LaLiga, in fact, has just announced the blockade of two platforms, Dazcfutbolios and RBTV77, which added more than 400,000 unique users in Spain. LaLiga insists that she has made several requirements prior to Cloudflare before reaching the current situation. “We have made permanent requirements to Cloudflare before before any blockade without obtaining a chord answer,” Sources of LaLiga explain. The contrast: While in Italy the initiative started from a public regulator (AGCOM) … … in Spain it is being led by a private entity (LaLiga). This makes a notable difference in execution: in Italy there was a specific regulatory framework, while in Spain it acts Under the umbrella of a judicial judgment of 2022 which authorizes the “dynamic blockages.” However, LaLiga emphasizes judicial support for blockages of recent days. Turning point. The situation has reached such an extent that LaLiga has enabled an email mailbox (affectedcloudflare@laliga.es) so that affected companies can report damage. It is an implicit way of recognizing this great collateral impact, although the organization insists that the responsibility is cloudflare for “using legal companies as a digital shield.” That is, he considers that the decision to assign shared IPS to all types of services is their way of protecting those LaLiga pursues. Voltage focus. The conflict has intensified with a crossing of accusations between LaLiga and Cloudflare that has intensified. Technology accuses LaLiga of acting deliberately knowing that it would affect “millions of consumers.” The statement sent to Xataka by Cloudflare a few days ago: «Although LaLiga perfectly understood that blocking Shared IP addresses would affect the rights of millions of consumers to access hundreds of thousands of websites that do not violate the law, LaLiga continued with said blockade. This seems to reflect the erroneous belief that their commercial interests must prevail over the rights of millions of consumers to access an open internet ». And LaLiga’s replica, which denounces that Cloudflare “profit from illegal activities.” «Given the statements of Cloudflare to Xataka, LaLig legal as a digital shield to protect criminal organizations and mafias ». “LaLiga has repeatedly required Cloudflare to stop this complicit activity with criminal organizations, which threaten intellectual property and incur multiple criminal activities such as the violation of intellectual property, all kinds of scams and pornography, without a favorable response.” “Thus, LaLiga is not positioned against free access to the Internet, but requests measures and carries out controlled actions against companies or organizations that profit from illegal and criminal acts using legal companies as a digital shield.” In Xataka | Technology has redefined football. Nothing is like before, and we tell you in this video Outstanding image | AC Milan

In 1938 Franco commissioned an experiment with prisoners in a monastery of Burgos. Thus began the search for the “communist” gene

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In the list of darker experiments that once launched in Spain there is one that continues to remain in the top positions. It happened at the end of the 1930s inside an architecture that today is historical heritage, A abbey trapped on the outskirts of Burgos. The basis for carrying out the study started from a premise as simple as Martian: The communist, is born or done? In search of the “red” gene. Between 1938 and 1939, In full Spanish Civil Warthe Franco regime undertook one of the most sinister experiments in its history. Under the direction of Psychiatrist Antonio Vallejo-NájeraHead of the psychiatric services of Franco’s army, a study that sought to find a biological predisposition to Marxism, what he called the Marxist fanaticism biopsiquism. The purpose of this research was to demonstrate that communism and democratic ideologies were not the result of a conscious choice, but rather of A hereditary biopsychic tara, a mental inferiority that could be identified. Context: The regime psychiatrist. Vallejo-Nájera (1889-1960) was One of the most influential figures of Franco’s psychiatry. With training in Germany, where he came into contact with Nazi psychiatry, he developed a racial and genetic theory applied to the Spanish context, arguing that Marxism was the result of mental inferiority and that it should be eradicated from the root. In 1938, Franco assigned him the direction of the Psychiatric Services of the Francoist Armywhat allowed him to lead A pseudoscientific program based on eugenics, xenophobic psychology and coercive psychiatry. San Pedro de Cardeña became its experimentation laboratory, where international republican prisoners and brigades were subjected to evidence in order to “decipher” the communist psyche. Facade of the monastery The excuse. The study, financed and approved by Franco, It was developed for ten months, analyzing those prisoners of war through psychological testsanthropomorphic measurements and behavioral evaluations. Your conclusionspublished in the Spanish magazine of Medicine and War Surgery, would serve as justification for one of the most brutal policies of Franco: the systematic separation of the children of Republicans of their families to avoid their “ideological contagion”, the segregation of prisoners and The consolidation of a dictatorship that relied on scientific manipulation to eradicate dissent. The “study.” The epicenter of the investigation, as we said before, was the then concentration camp of San Pedro de Cardeñaan old monastery in Burgos that was converted into a detention center for Republican prisoners and International Brigades Members. The Vallejo-Nájera study divided prisoners into five large groupseach analyzed with preconceived hypothesis about their “biological degeneration.” Namely: International Brigadistas: It was sought to contrast their characteristics with those of Spanish prisoners to identify differences in the “origin of Marxism.” Spanish Republican prisoners: considered key to finding the “red gene.” Republican dams: it was claimed that their political participation responded to uncontrolled sexual impulses. Catalan prisoners: analyzed as “doubly dangerous” for their “Marxist fanaticism” and “antispañolism”. Basque prisoners: considered an “anomalous” group, as they were Catholics, but “contaminated by the revolutionary element.” Plus: the analysis included cranial measurements, facial studies and personality tests, all with the intention of finding common physical and psychological features between The Marxists. The results were not only biased, obvious, but served as an ideological basis for justifying the persecution and extermination of Republicans. Pseudoscientific conclusions. After months of “research”, Vallejo-Nájera He published his conclusions in the Spanish Magazine of Medicine and War Surgery. Among its most aberrant and extreme postulates, there were assertions such as Marxism is linked to mental inferiority. According to the psychiatrist, the communists were mostly “antisocial psychopaths” and His segregation from childhood would prevent society from “suffering its plague”. He also stressed that Democracies promote resentment. In his vision, democratic regimes allowed the “social failed” to triumph through public policies, in contrast to authoritarian regimes, which favored the most suitable. I also thought that Marxism was a racial phenomenon. Influenced by Nazi ideology, man proposed the need for “racial purification” to eradicate the elements considered “dangerous” to Spain. For all this, he indicated that The militarization of society was the only solution. In other words, he defended a model in which military discipline had to permeate all institutions, from school to the theater, to guarantee the “superiority of the Spanish race.” The role of women. Another of the darkest aspects of his study was the characterization of republican women as An “irrational” and “dangerous” being. According to Vallejo-Nájera Women participated in politics only for uncontrolled sexual impulsesand Marxism in women was a consequence of their “weak mental balance”, which made them more prone to cruelty. In fact and as we said, I thought that religion was the only one that could act as a brake to avoid its moral “corruption.” These ideas were also used as a justification to restrict women’s participation in public life and to establish a model of a woman submissive to the service of the homeland. The theft of children: applying the study. We indicate it at the beginning. One of the most abominable legacies of Vallejo-Nájera’s theories was The implementation of a forced separation system of the children of Republicans. His theory suggested that Children from Marxist families had to be separated from their parents to avoid its “ideological contamination.” What happened? That The reasoning resulted in the systematic theft of babiesa practice that continued even after Franco. In fact, it is estimated that thousands of children were taken from their families and delivered to institutions or families related to the regime, in what is considered one of the greatest crimes of Franco. Gestapo and Nazism. The San Pedro de Cardeña experiment was not carried out in isolation, but It was attended by members of the Gestapo and German scientists who conducted tests in Republican prisoners. This collaboration reflected the ideological and methodological links between Franco and Nazism, especially in the use of psychiatry as a tool of political repression. (Re) discovering the experiment. The truth is that, for decades, Vallejo-Nájera’s investigations were forgotten, protected by the silence imposed by Franco. So it … Read more

Doñana has been on the edge of the precipice for decades. Now we have an experiment to see if we can rebuild it from scratch

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On July 24, 2015, the Council of Ministers He approved to give him 35 million euros to the Guadalquivir Hydrographic Confederation to buy a farm. Very few intuited it a decade ago, but on that farm was a good part of Doñana’s future. We are about to see it come true. A farm? What farm? The Cortijo de los Mimbral were 1,061 hectares in the Doñana forest crown. Of these, about 968 hectares They were dedicated to the cultivation of orange and the rest were “structures, warehouses, roads interior mobility and boundaries, rafts, etc.”. That 2015, the government bought 922 of them. And he did it with the idea of Recover a water concession. That is, with the idea of ​​reducing by 6.8 hm3 the annual water extractions of the Almonte and Las Marismas aquifer. And it was done. With some controversy with the surroundings of the environment, the closure of the mimbrals was good news for the conservation of the park. And, eye, it is not an area of ​​Spain in which good news abounds. But, beyond that and in practice, the farm had been abandoned for years. Now it’s time to see what we do with her. Because the mimbrals are, above all, an opportunity. We must not lose sight that we talk about a thousand hectares that, for years, underwent quite intensive agricultural processes that denatured their traditional state. The great question of Doñana’s technicians has always been the same,?can go back? Can we restore paradise? That, According to Minister Aagesenit is what is going to try. The great laboratory to recover Spain. To begin with, the General Directorate wants to renaturalize the two channels that cross the farm and seal the drainage channels. Thus, they hope to recover the lagoon and riverside habitats. To do this, they will recover native plant species (and eliminate eucalyptus, acacias or reeds); And they wait Reintroduce the rabbit which is “a fundamental element in Doñana’s trophic chain.” They are just five million euros, but they aspire to be a key piece of a 1,400 million program for the entire park environment. And why do you say from Spain? Because, although we usually talk about desertification because it is the most pressing problem, this is only a particular case of Ecological degradation processes of the soil that limit the capacity of the ecosystems to self -regulate. In the mimbrals you will try something of what We have spoken in recent days: Create solid and living ecosystems where nature can develop (and repair itself) without the pressures of the human world. If the project is successful, a very interesting path will be marked not only to recover the natural heritage, but above all for fight the worst consequences of climate change. Image | Daniel Lobraña González In Xataka | We are reforesting Europe with trees that will not reach 2100. If the pests do not kill them, climate change will do so

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