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This is the “danger zone” we enter after the massive death of corals

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The Earth has officially entered a grim new era. climate reality. According to a shocking new reportthe incessant increase in heat in the oceans has pushed the corals from around the world beyond its limit, causing a unprecedented large reef mortality because of this climate change. Something that is not good news at all. This event, according to scientists, marks the first climate tipping point we have passed as a planet, directly threatening the livelihoods of nearly a billion people. The report. This data has been collected in the “Global Tipping Points Report 2025”, prepared by an international consortium of more than 200 researchers. And the truth is that they are not at all positive, since they suggest that even in the most optimistic scenario, where global warming does not exceed 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels, practically all warm-water coral reefs will exceed a point of no return. This makes their loss “one of the most pressing ecological losses facing humanity,” although the disappearance of corals is only the tip of the iceberg. Experts point out that since 2023 we have witnessed how the temperature has increased more than 1.5 °C compared to the pre-industrial average. In this way, exceeding the 1.5 °C limit now seems quite inevitable and could occur around 2030, something that puts our planet on the brink of an abyss. What are ‘turning points’. These points are nothing more than critical thresholds. Once crossed, the climate system is pushed into a new paradigm, triggering effects that will go on in a chain. Specifically, we talk about events such as widespread death of the Amazon rainforestthe collapse of the Greenland ice sheets or the collapse of the circulation of Atlantic southern overturn (AMOC). The Amazon, in particular, is in a critical situation. The report warns that not only warming threatens the forest, but also the combination of this with deforestation. With 1.5°C warming, only 22% deforestation would be enough to reach its point of no return. The current figure is already at an alarming 17%. All is not lost. Despite the bleak outlook, the report identifies a silver lining, which is nothing more than a paradigm shift that, unlike the negative ones, triggers a cascade of beneficial changes. Since 2023, the world has seen very rapid progress in the adoption of clean technologies, especially in two key areas: velectric vehicles and photovoltaic solar energy. Accompanied by a drastic drop in battery prices, these factors are beginning to reinforce each other, accelerating the energy transition in a way that few anticipated. The problem. According to the report’s authors, it lies in governance systems. From national policies to multinational agreements, such as the from Pariswere not designed to address turning points. They are designed to manage gradual, linear changes, not abrupt, cascading collapses on multiple fronts at once. But these turning points are really threatening, so they point to a series of immediate actions to be taken in all countries to avoid a catastrophic situation. In this case they point to the following: Reduce emissions of short-lived pollutants such as methane and black carbon. Accelerate efforts to remove carbon from the atmosphere. Making global supply chains sustainable. Develop mitigation strategies for climate impacts. The message is clear and forceful: what we have done so far is not enough. Researchers urge not to look away. As Milkoreit concludes, “even having a reader have the courage to stay with the problem is work, and I want to recognize that work.” Images | quinguyen Chris LeBoutillier In Xataka | In the fight against climate change, we have developed the air conditioning revolution: ionocaloric cooling

The “Tiktok template” marks the way to follow for the rest. It is the formula for Chinese technology to enter the United States

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The agreement of Tiktok For the application to remain in force in the United States It is making begg. It is not for less, because it is in the core of a great Commercial War between the US and China. In addition, it also represents something that goes far beyond the application itself or its operation: it establishes a model that could open the doors to other Chinese technologies to operate in US territory. How Tiktok would survive in the United States. According to the leaks of the Wall Street JournalTiktok will operate in the United States through a new company controlled at 80% by US investors such as Oracle, Silver Lake and Andreessen Horowitz. The remaining 20% ​​will remain in the hands of Bytedance and other previous shareholders. The key is that the US government will have a direct seat in the Board of Directors of the new company. Why is it important. Until now, Chinese technology companies in the United States only had two options: being prohibited or selling completely American competitors. This “Tiktok template”, as Kevin Xu, founder of the Newsletter Interconnected, mentions it, introduce A third way: technological licensing under American majority control. As the expert explains, “this model opens the door for more critical, strategic and advanced technologies to flow from China to the United States.” The real award. Beyond Tiktok, this model could be applied to sectors where China dominates the global supply chain. Let’s think about byd wanting Sell ​​electric cars in the United States, Catl supplying batteries To American manufacturers, or Hesai distributing Lidar systems to robotics. These are technologies where Chinese companies have a considerable technological advantage and are ready to deploy today, while US alternatives could take years to be available on a large scale. The rules of the game. To work, xu Explain That Chinese companies will have to accept staying with a minority and passive participation, renouncing part of the commercial benefits in exchange for the “privilege” of selling in the US market. They must also find the perfect mix of politically related investors and companies with the White House to assemble the company that is responsible for managing the product in the United States. Between the lines. “This was a purely political problem from the beginning, so it could only be resolved with a political solution,” Recognize XU himself after years chasing the case of Tiktok. The analyst explains that neither technology, nor national security, even the laws matter. According to Xu, what works is to identify the most powerful figures and tie them in a network of conflicting but attractive interests that is difficult to reject. And now what. The Tiktok agreement, which Trump He says he will confirm this Friday With Xi Jinping, he could mark the beginning of a new era in technological relations between the two countries. That Tiktok continues in the United States is a decision that will not leave anyone indifferent, both for supporters and detractors. The template is ready, now we need to see who uses it first. In Xataka | The United States and China seem to compete in ia. The reality is that they play completely different sports

Openai estimates that it will enter 200,000 million dollars in 2030. The figure, like everything in OpenAi, is extremely ambitious

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OpenAI has set a target of 200,000 million dollars for 2030, as reported The Information. Your own internal documents reveal that to achieve this you will need multiply by 13 your current income In less than five years. Why is it important. The company is burning billions per month and plans to spend 90,000 million only in R&D by 2030. This represents 45% of its projected income, well above the percentage allocated by large technological ones, which remain mostly between 15% and 30% of their gross benefit, not even their income. If Openai’s income is below the goal, that percentage will be even greater. The figures. Openai expects to move from 13,000 million income at 2024 to 200,000 million in 2030. Its R&D expenditure would be proportionally double that of the most successful technological technological ones, much more mature and settled. To achieve this, it basically depends on large companies continue to invest in generative. If there is A brake on investmenteven if that does not imply the burst of a bubble, OpenAi will have accounting problems. In addition, this projection rises up to only one semester. OpenAI has increased the expected billing by 2030 by the beginning of the year. The big question. Is a business model sustainable where almost half of the income – even the gross benefit – is destined for research and development? If business income does not rise as Openai projects, the company will have a serious problem. Yesterday it was announced Your agreement with Oracle committing to a huge investment level to which you can hardly face except that you change the screws, or to deliver a good part in kind (business use licenses), as Microsoft did with it paying in Azure credits. In Xataka | Baidu is no longer satisfied with being the Chinese Google. His new AI model also wants to turn it into China Openai Outstanding image | IlgmyzinXataka

Its electromagnetic catapults enter the final phase

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It is being a busy summer in the Chinese Navy. There are no official ads, but two of their new naval fighters have ‘hunted flying in formation. And these last weeks have appeared indications that China is already finalizing the tuning of the crown jewel military arm: Fujian aircraft carriers. As? Testing their catapults Electromagnetic with real airplanes. And there is a key date for a demonstration of strength: the 80th anniversary of the Japanese defeat in the Second World War. The Fujian. China has the largest naval force in the world, it is something Key in its strategy in the South China Seabut in the aircraft carriers they were late in front of their main rival: United States. Compared to 11 nuclear propulsion aircrafts of the American fleet, China had two (And none with nuclear propulsion, something they still have). The third, built entirely with its technology, is Type 003, known as Fujian. Is part of the Maritime propaganda of the country And, although it has not yet been delivered to the Navy, it has been caught on several occasions performing maneuvers on the high seas and With deck aircraft. And something that the Fujian highlights is to be one of the only two aircraft carriers in the world with Electromagnetic catapults. Electromagnetic catapults. Although huge, the track carrier is not long enough for the ships to take security. That is why the plane is promoted by means of a complex mechanical system composed of cables, pipes and pumps of a hydraulic system. It is expensive and needs high maintenance, but there is an alternative: Emals. Known as “Electromagnetic catapult”, this system is a linear induction engine that, by electromagnets, displaces a piece that hooks the plane and moves at full speed through a raíl, pulling the ship until the end of the track, releasing it at the last moment. Marking muscle (in secret). This system not only allows heavier or more fuel airplanes, but reduce The mechanical tension on the fuselage of the airplanes themselves, prolonging its useful life, occupies less space in the ship and also reduces the maintenance of the launch system. It is a system that He headed up on the other aircraft carriers that mounts it, the already operational Gerald R. Fordbut refined, it is the future of the aircraft carriers. Well, there are indications that China is already testing this electromagnetic system with real airplanes. As we see in The War Zonethe authorities have not yet shown the launch of airplanes from the Fujian, but in recent days they have Images appeared that show airplanes with the post -founded postquelors and in the launch position on the Fujian deck. In addition, images of plane shadows projected in the same cover have been seen. This indicates that it is most likely that China is already launching and recovering airplanes from the Fujian or, at least, is very close to doing so as part of the final tests before delivering the ship for active service at the end of this year. Test aircraft And not so secret. What is official is that China has another new member of the fleet known as the 076 Type. It is an amphibious ship that would be unique in the world by having a large cover that, in one of its parts, also hides an electromagnetic catapult. The ship opened on August 1 with a Pompose ceremonyand the interesting thing about EMALS systems is that they can not only be used to launch airplanes. As they simplify the process of launching aircraft and are a more versatile system than the hydraulic, it can also be used to launch unmanned aerial vehicles, or drones, a segment in which China is also very interested. Type 076 ‘Sichuan’ images Swarm attacks. One of the objectives of the Asian giant is to dominate the South China Sea. It is one of the most tense areas on the planet because it is the one that it shares with Taiwan or India, and we already know that both some as others are fortifying their maritime positions before possible Chinese military maneuvers. The United States also looks closely and That culmination of the modernization program of the fleet restless to Japanwho announced his rearm more ambitious Since World War II. And, in that maritime domain, ships with electromagnetic catapults play a fundamental role in allowing large -scale air operations. Compared to the hydraulic system, the EMALS allows you to launch a plane every 45 seconds, 25% faster than conventional catapults. This favors the adoption of tactics such as “swarm attacks”, or Alpha strikesin which aircraft are launched with a short cadence to saturate and overcome enemy defenses, achieving aerial superiority. China and the US, as usual. In addition to these advantages, it is a system that allows to extend the radius of action of the Naval Force to operate early alert planes and electronic warfare in a deeper way in the oceans. And this technology, as we say, only have both the United States – operating – and China with ships that are about to enter service. And the rest of the world? Well, he is working on it, but at another speed. France, for example, that has a fleet in which Charles de Gaulle is his crown jewel, is developing a system of Emals for Its new generation aircraft carriers that will enter service at some point in the late 2030s. India, which occasionally also Remember China that hashe is investigating it. And the United Kingdom, although he has considered it, has not yet adopted, since he has vertical take -off aircraft. September 3. The rivalry between China and Japan comes from afarbut a good time to officially present advances in the electromagnetic catapults of the Fujian can be this September, when the 80 years of Japan’s defeat in World War II are commemorated. The United States with the launch of two atomic bombs accelerated 6th Japanese surrender and you will be wondering what … Read more

A Spanish company imposed facial recognition to enter its gyms. Result: Fine of 96,000 euros

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The Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEPD) has imposed A sanction of 96,000 euros to the gyms chain exceeds to violate the data protection of its customers. The reason? Have imposed facial recognition as the only method of access to your gyms. The facts were denounced by Facua in 2023 and now the resolution has been known. What happened? On August 4, 2023, a claim was filed to SIDECU, a company based in A Coruña in charge of the gyms. According to the document (PDF), the Sports Center exceeds Entrepuentes in Seville was “denying access to the facilities” because a new access method had been implemented through a facial recognition system. “ The complainant considered that this access was “invasive about his intimacy” and “excessive for access to said establishment.” Until the implementation of the facial recognition system, which had not been notified to the partners and was mandatory, it was possible to enter the gym using a card. This claim was added two more and, finally, in September 2023, Facua denounced SIDECU. The defense. Sidec defended himself wielding that he did not store images of the users, but generated a facial pattern through an algorithm patented by the company that developed the system. According to the gyms chain, this “template” was not enough to identify users or deduce their physical characteristics. For SIDECU, this was enough for the system to meet the RGPDbut the truth is that no. The first error. Misunderstand the regulations, thus breaking article 9 of the RGPD. Article 4.14 of the RGPD establishes that biometric data are “personal data obtained from a specific technical treatment, related to the physical, physiological or behavioral characteristics of a natural person that allow or confirm the unique identification of said person, such as facial images or dactyloscopic data.” According to article 9 of the same regulation, the treatment of “biometric data aimed at uniquely identifying a natural person” is prohibited. Image | Ryan Hoffman The second error. Impose the system and not warn, thus breaking article 13 of the RGP. Not only did it not warn users, but facial recognition was the only way to access the establishments and there was no other real option, thus entering the game: consent was not free. It is true that the company ended up implementing an alternative access system (teaching the ID at the door), but its arrival was later to claims. Do not warn users breaches article 13 of the GDPR. The third terror. Do not evaluate the risks, finally breaking article 35 of the RGPD. According to the sentence, SIDEC did not justify why it was necessary to implement this system, above all, less invasive and equally effective alternatives. The AEPD states that the company did not carry out the impact assessment in the protection of personal data (when it was not dealing with personal data) and that it acted without fraud, but negligently and without “the special diligence that is enforceable to this type of treatments.” The sanctions. Three, one for each article violated: 80,000 euros for violating article 9 of the RGPD, 30,000 euros for not having informed users in advance (article 35) and 50,000 euros for not having prepared the impact assessment on personal data protection (article 9). In total, a penalty of 160,000 euros that, due to the recognition of the responsibility and the Sidecu’s soon lamp, has remained at 96,000 euros. Cover image | Gold’s Gym Nepal In Xataka | Unsuspected fine for the European Commission in Europe: it violated its own General Data Protection Regulation

Ouigo wanted to enter the Madrid-Galicia AVE but he already sees it impossible before 2030

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“We have no problem in competing (…) but whoever wants to come, to make the investments that it has to do and that competes on equal terms” Thus, Álvaro Fernández Heredia, president of Renfe, in the past Executive Forum where the manager approached the open door for the competitors of the trains company in Spain to take the first steps to reach Galicia, has sounded. Galicia. Renfe has entered the line between Madrid and Galicia. Although the company has had to face criticism for Do not meet the expected times and skip some stops in Zamora To reduce travel times, the Madrid-Galicia axis is working very well to the company. Only a few days ago we knew that Renfe was taking more travelers than ever. A semester of record in which this line has been key, where the train has begun to make shadow even the plane because it has better time connections if you want to travel in the day or make night and return to the origin early in the morning. The competition. A few months ago, Adif launched the Second package in liberalization of high -speed tracks. The runners are Madrid-Galicia, Madrid-Asturias/Cantabria and Madrid-Cádiz/Huelva where Ouigo, Iryo or any other company can present Renfe battle. However, this It is not expected until the next decade Because there are no trains available. Talgo has already compromised all its production of the Avril trains that work there and is aware of which roads the new owners of the company will take. This has caused a bottleneck impossible to solve if it is not renting the company’s rolling material. According to The reasonOuigo would have contacted Caf and Talgo to buy the trains but they are already committed. The only solution is to rent Renfe’s rolling material. “And if possible”. This possibility has been completely denied by Fernández Heredia, president of Renfe, with the words mentioned above. But not only that, the manager has launched a dart to his competitors, although he has not mentioned them directly, emphasizing that the one who enters the corridor will have to “compete in equal terms. And if possible, not to losses“ Public Service. Renfe’s dart is not causal. The company has long accused Ouigo of operating at losses in Spain and although the French company ensures that it is the usual strategy when entering a market and that they foresee short -term profits, the government has reached Threatening to report to the French before the European Commission. Renfe, unlike the French or Iryo, have the obligation to operate in some lines as a public service, which he weighs his results account. A good example is the Oscar Puente lamentMinister of Transportation, following his obligation to pass through Extremadura, emphasizing that this way of acting does not guarantee clean competition. More liberalizations. Renfe, for the moment, seems to be insured by the Galician corridor. The problem of the lack of trains is that anyone is worth it. Vehicles are needed that can change between Iberian and international width. This peculiarity leaves Renfe as a competitive advantage because he has some Avril who, Although not exempt from problemsnobody has. But also, Spain has to face new liberalizations very soon. Among them that of Cercanías, a very controversial area because these services are of public obligation. Only in its public services (nearby, medium distance, metric width and Avant), Renfe moved in the first semester of 2025 to 259.5 million passengers. Photo | Jose Luis Cernadas Iglesias and Patrick Janicek In Xataka | As Spain, China has built its high speed network in record time. Now face the same problem: keep it

Amancio Ortega learned how difficult it is to enter the top 10 of greatest fortunes. Has also learned how easy it is to go out

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Amancio Ortega is not having the best welcome to the summer and, for the second consecutive week, it records negative figures in the assessment of its heritage for the stagnation of the price of its main source of income: Inditex. The Spanish millionaire has lost two positions in the last fifteen days and, with it, he leaves, the least provisionally, the “top 10” of greater fortunes of the planet that Forbes updates in real time. The difficult thing is not to arrive, it is to stay At the beginning of 2024, the Millionaire Leones based in La Coruña, became part of the select 100,000 million clubas prelude to sneak between the top 10 of the greatest fortunes in the world. The founder of Inditex had to wait almost a year to finally, ascend until the tenth position in the List of greater fortunes of Forbes. Since then, Ortega has changed his position to the stock bursatiles caused by the Trump tariff war. However, the veteran investor had remained more or less stable between the eighth and ninth position thanks to the stability they provided Your real estate investments With Pontegadea, which contributed to maintaining its fortune at about 131.8 billion dollars. However, the assessment of his fortune has not stopped suffer setbacks Since Inditex presented its quarterly accounts. Although the results were positive, with a growth of 1.5%, to 8,247 million euros, the investors of the multinational textile believe that They are not good enough for its low growth. As a consequence, the firm’s actions initiated a bearish rally dragging in its fall to the fortune of its main shareholder, with 59,294% assigned to their societies put investments (50.010%) and Partler 2006 (9,284%). Inditex is still decisive for Ortega To put the fall in context In your quotethe day before the presentation of results, the price of the action closed at 49.21 euros, today the action is quoted at 43.39 euros, its lowest price since April 2025. With this data, the firm led By Marta Ortega It is left 13.73% so far this year. This progressive fall of this asset has had a direct impact on the assessment of fortune. In the last hours He has registered falls estimated at more than 2.3 billion dollars, placing its fortune at 117.6 billion dollars. After this fall in the assessment of his heritage, the Spanish millionaire is in the twelfth position behind Michael Dell, which with an estimated heritage of 121.1 billion stands in the eleventh position of the Forbes ranking. However, Ortega is fair ahead of Bill Gates, which with 116.5 billion dollars as a fortune is in the thirteenth position. The place of Amancio Ortega in the Top 10 of Millionaires of Forbes It occupies it Now Jensen Huang, co -founder and CEO of Nvidia, which amounts to the tenth place with a fortune of 134,500 after adding 5,500 million to the estimation of its heritage. In Xataka | The list of the richest people in Spain in 2025: many changes in the figures, but not in the protagonists Image | Gtres, Unspash (Praswin Prakashan)

How to enter your draft and present your 2025 online statement on the Tax Agency website

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Let’s tell you How to access your rental of rent 2024which is the statement you have to submit in 2025 to account for last fiscal year. You can ask for and review this draft from today April 3, and then you can present it to make the statement made. You must keep in mind that It is very important to check that everything is fine. Basically because the Tax Agency makes the draft with all the data collected on you, but there may be failures, and if there are failures and the declaration is wrong You will pay the fine although the mistake collecting data was committed by the Treasury. It is your responsibility. You must also remember some of the things that You need to prepare previously To make the statement. To identify within the website of the Treasury, you will need to have a Digital certificatelike him FNMT certificateor as an alternative to be registered in the CL@VE System. It is also convenient Look and review your fiscal databecause they are the ones that then uses the Treasury in the draft. Enter your income draft on the web To enter your draft of the Income Declaration 2023, which is the one presented in this 2024, you have to Enter the website of the rental campaign. For that, go to www.agenciatributaria.es/aeat.internet/renta.shtmland in it click on the option Draft / declaration processing service (Direct Income and Web Income) which will appear above all in the options of the section of Outstanding efforts. Now you will go to the page where you will have to log in using Your digital certificateincluding the FNMT certificate and the DNIEthe PIN key or mobile key, or The reference number. Once you identified, you will go to an intermediate step where you have to Choose what are you going to act in your own name If the draft is yours. It will also give you the case of saying that you are going to do that of another person acting as your representative. But come on, for your draft choose the option of Act in its own name and click on Confirm. Now you will already enter the index of topics on Rental services 2024. On this page you will have a list, once you have logged down, of all income -related services. Here, click on the option Draft/Declaration (Web Income)which is where you will access the draft. This will take you to the draft declaration. On the first page you have to Confirm your Identifying datawhich are the personal and those of your spouse in the event that you have it, or your children. Here, You can choose the option to make an individual statement With the option you have above all in the picture of Declarant. When everything is filled, you will have to go down completely and click on Accept. Then you will go to a page where you can Incorporate your economic activities such as salaries and mortgage loans for the deduction of habitual housing. It will automatically show you registered data to decide whether to add them or not, and to do it you will have to put additional data. And finally you will reach the page with the summary of your statement, where You will see if you go to pay or return. You will also see a summary with your main yields and income, and you can press in each change to make corrections and changes to make sure everything is fine. And when you have reviewed all these data and consider that everything is fine, you will have to press the Submit a statement. This is the button to end the process and present your online income statement. Remember that it is important to take your time, and that you will have a button of Keep To save the changes and continue reviewing the draft later. Take all the time you need. In Xataka Basics | 2024 rent guide: calendar, previous steps and how to prepare for the 2025 statement

The last to enter is Google’s ex-cement

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The space sector has a new middle -aged billionaire at the head of a rocket manufacturer. Eric Schmidt, known for directed Google For a decade, the majority control of Relatity Space has been done to compete with Elon Musk and Jeff Bezos. Context. The Californian company Relativity Space broke into the American pitchers in 2015 with an innovative approach: it specialized in the manufacture of rockets by 3D printing. The Terran 1, his first design, was the first rocket 85% printed on 3D that took off successfully. However, he failed in the attempt to reach the Earth’s orbit. Difficulties. After that bittersweet inaugural launch, Relativity Space buried Terran 1 and focused on developing the terran ra larger reusable rocket designed to compete with the Falcon 9 of Spacex. Despite the 3,000 million dollars insured in launch contracts, financial difficulties made fear for the future of the rocket and the company, but an unexpected actor has appeared from nowhere to save it. Eric Schmidt has returned. The manager’s veteran has surprised the technological and aerospace world at the same time with the majority control of Relativity Space. Schmidt announced its new position as CEOposition he had not held since he left Google in 2011. He had money to make the strong investment that gives him control of the company. He had the political connections in Washington to sneak into the launch business. What we did not know was that I was interested in personally directing a company to compete with Spacex, Ula and Blue Origin. A for military contracts. As Spacex knows (who fought judicially Until the end of the Boeing and Lockheed Martin duopoly), government and defense contracts are the most profitable in the space sector. And it is a part of the business that Schmidt is especially interested. In recent years, the former Google CEO had become One of the most notable defenders of the military use of AI, which considers crucial to maintain the strategic advantage of the United States. Schmidt has presided over the National Security Commission on Artificial Intelligence and has invested in startups of the centered on security and defense applications. Maybe I have seen Some parallelism between the arms race and the space race. A turning point for Relativity Space. Eric Schmidt’s entry (and his capital) to Relativity Space represents A turning point For the company, which can now materialize more confidently a rocket in which I had not stopped working. Terran R combines traditional assembly techniques with 3D printing. Its Aeon R Hunors have Past for all kinds of tests and have managed to turn on more than 2,500 seconds. Relativity Space aspires to launch the rocket in late 2026. Despite the changes, its founder (and so far CEO) Tim Ellis maintains the initial objective: consolidate a base on Mars. The inspiration is clear. Images | Guillaume Paumier (CC By 3.0), Relativity Space In Xataka | Eric Schmidt already knows what to invest part of the fortune he won in Google: “kamikaze” drones with artificial intelligence

Three years after the beginning of the war, Europe wants to enter. The problem is that there is only one prepared nation: Ukraine

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Europe has decades without a direct armed conflict in its territory, with the exception of Yugoslavia wars in the 90sthe last great episode of violence in European soil. Since then, security in the continent has been marked by A strategy based on deterrence and diplomacymore than in military confrontation. And, suddenly, the conflict in Ukraine recalled that fireworks It is not the same as direct fire. Europe before Ukraine. As we said, the European armed forces have been reserve for a long time. In fact and how we will see, mostly they have been reduced and adapted to a context of stability, with investments limited in defense and a focus on Peace maintenance and humanitarian assistance operationssuch as missions in Balkans, Africa or the Middle East. Despite the growth of NATO and its presence in Eastern Europe, European armies have been more accustomed to acting in controlled scenarios that to prepare a direct confrontation against a weight opponent such as Russia. Fireworks. In fact, this approach has led to many military operations from European countries being Mainly exercises, joint maneuvers and drills in allied countries such as Slovakia, Poland or Latviabut without the real experience of a conventional combat against a military power. And it is not the same to deploy troops for an exercise in the Baltic countries to face in battle against a force like the Russian army. Enter the war. Under all this context we arrive at this week. A few days ago several European leaders have gathered in Paris to discuss the possibility of sending troops to Ukraine as part of A possible peace agreementalthough the viability of this measure depends largely on the support of the United States. In fact, the summit was promoted by the decision of the Trump administration of exclude Europe from negotiations They started in Saudi Arabia between Washington and Moscow, although Trump has suggested that Europeans could perform “a peace maintenance role.” Plans and divisions. And then Europe seems to have realized that the “defense” had it careless. According to The Washington Postsome European countries consider The deployment of up to 30,000 soldiersthat, yes, they would not be on the front line, but as a deterrence in case of a resumption of the conflict. Another option, or plan B, is the one that They have called “resettlement force” destined to protect Ukraine from future Russian attacks in case a peace agreement negotiated by the United States is reached. That said, France is the country with the most advanced plans estimating that could contribute almost 10,000 soldierswhile the United Kingdom, through its prime minister Keir Starmer, has opened The possibility of a British contribution. And so far, because the rest of the countries have shown a more ambiguous position. Sweden and the Netherlands, for example, They do not rule out the shipment of troopsbut they have not made a specific decision. Germany, Poland and Spain have rejected the idea, At least for now. Foreign Minister Olaf Scholz emphasized that Any solution should be based on a strong Ukrainian forcewhile Donald Tusk, Prime Minister of Poland, said that Warsaw “does not contemplate sending Poles soldiers to Ukraine.” For its part, the Spanish government was blunt when pointing out that Peace is still far and only depends on Putinmaking it clear that any military mission should define objective, participants, mandate and leadership. Strategic objectives. If the “plan B” is given, with a peace agreement underway, the main mission of this eventual “resettlement force” would be guarantee the safety of Ukrainian airspaceallowing the reopening of commercial flights, and protect maritime trade in the Black Sea, fundamental for grain exports and other essential goods for the Ukrainian economy. It would also be prioritized The protection of key infrastructure such as Public Plant and Public Servicesthat have been constant target of Russian bombing since the beginning of the war. Ukraine proposes a broader approach. Meanwhile, Ukrainian President Volodimir Zelensky stated that Ukraine’s security does not necessarily require foreign troops in his territory. Proposed The creation of “Armed Forces of Europe”capable of responding on land, sea, air and artificial intelligence before any Russian aggression. He also stressed that advanced air defense systems would be effective measures to strengthen security without requiring permanent foreign troops. The elephant in the room. No doubt, Europe’s plan faces important diplomatic obstacles, the first of all: United States support It is, at the moment, uncertain. Although the Trump administration has insisted that European troops must guarantee the security of a future peace agreement, Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth made it clear that They must be part of a mission not related to NATO and not be protected by article 5 of mutual defense. Not just that. Even in the uncertain scenario of a peace agreement, the mission and role of Europe would require an American “backstop”that is, a support from the United States in case of a military escalation. Although there are no specific details, this support is expected It focuses on aerial power with operations based on Poland and Romania. In this regard, Starmer and Macron will travel to Washington next week To press Trump and ensure that the United States provides this strategic support. “Old” defenses. In the background, what is showing is a great weakness in its defenses, possibly oxidized. In fact, the Prime Minister of Denmark, Mette Frederiksen, warned this week at the Munich Security Conference that Ukraine is making weapons faster and less cost than any other country in Europe. It is not a trivial detail. It does so despite being at war, which shows the slowness of the continent in strengthening its military capacity. Frederiksen urged to reduce bureaucracy and increase arms production in collaboration with the United States emphasizing that Europe can no longer act as if it were in peacetime. The rise of the Ukrainian military industry. From the Russian invasion in 2022, Ukraine has exponentially increased its armament productionmanufacturing missiles, obuses and large -scale drones. In 2024, 30% of the military equipment used … Read more

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