dome

500-meter ice dome melted 7,000 years ago and is now melting again

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When we think of Greenlandthe image that automatically comes to mind is that of a terrain with a large amount of snow and very cold. But science has bad news for this country belonging to Denmark: the Greenland ice sheet It is much more fragile than we could think.. And that is a problem. From the terrestrial bottom. This statement is not something that has been extracted on paper, but rather has been ‘seen’ in the depths of the earth. This way, after drilling more than 500 meters of ice at Prudhoe Domeresearchers have found evidence that this gigantic mass completely disappeared just 7,000 years ago and then resurface. And the worst thing is not that it happened thousands of years ago, but that now the temperatures that caused that collapse are the same ones we hope to reach by the year 2100. The GreenDrill project. The researchers recently published in Nature on this project, which has been made possible thanks to a technical feat. To achieve this, the team drilled about 509 meters to reach the sediments that rest beneath the base of Prudhoe Dome, a 2,500 km² ice dome in northwest Greenland. To find out exactly what happened there, scientists used a technique called cell dating. infrared stimulated luminescence. In this way, what is allowed is to see when was the last time that part of this deep ice was exposed to the radiation of sunlight. The results. They were pretty clear: the sediments beneath Prudhoe Dome saw the sun between 6,000 and 8,200 years ago. This can be translated into a very simple sentence: at that time, there was no 500 meters of ice above, so the dome simply did not exist. And that is now a problem. Because? At that time Greenland ended up melting due to the ‘Holocene Thermal Maximum’. During this period, temperatures in the Arctic were between 3 and 5 °C higher than the pre-industrial era. And this is exactly where the data becomes really worrying. Worrying because precisely those temperatures that thousands of years ago erased entire ice domes from the map are the exact range of heating that climate models predict for the end of this century if emissions are not drastically reduced. This is why the ice we see today is not an eternal relic of the Ice Age; It is a structure that has collapsed before under conditions we are about to replicate. The domino effect. Prudhoe Dome is just one piece of the puzzle, but its past disappearance suggests that much of the northwestern sector of the Greenland Ice Sheet was much reduced during the early Holocene. The conclusion to this is quite clear: if history repeats itself and the Greenland ice sheet completely melts, global sea level it would rise about 7.3 meters. But logically it is not something that will happen tomorrow, but rather the process of fusion of the entire island will still take several centuries. Although if the estimates are met, it may go faster than you think. Change the rules of the game. Until now, the central, thickest areas of Greenland were thought to be almost indestructible. This study demonstrates that even massive domes 500 meters thick can fade in geologically short periods. And this is something that has already happened as science points out. Images | Visit Greenland In Xataka | China has turned the Arctic into its own “Panama Canal.” And that explains the US obsession with Greenland

We do not even know if Trump’s ‘golden dome’ can be built, but there are already companies competing for the contract of the century

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At the beginning of the year we began to talk about the ‘golden dome’ or ‘Golden Dome’. It is the name of the antimile shield that Donald Trump wants to build For the United States. It seems that the thing is serious and that has intensified competition among many military technology companies that want a piece of the cake. The golden dome. Unlike antimile systems such as The Israeli iron domeTrump’s proposal is that he would use a satellite network capable of stopping Hypersonic missiles. Experts soon Show your skepticismarguing that it is not possible to create a shield that covers the entire territory as in Israel, a country 400 times smaller than the United States. The details of how it will be achieved do not seem to import Donald Trump, which in May assured that “we will have the best system ever built.” A very juicy cake. It is not clear how it is going to be built or if it is possible to do so, but the plan is that it is finished before this legislature ends, with the first test planned by the end of 2028. According to the administration, its construction will cost 175,000 million dollars, of which 25,000 million have already been invested. Business parade. As reported in the New York Timesmany companies are already doing tests to show their capabilities and be part of this project. This is the case of Varda Space Industries, the Californian startup created by Spacex former employees that was dedicated to manufacturing drugs in space. In May they did a test to demonstrate that they are not only able to track hypersonic missiles, they can also calculate their trajectory and that they can be intercepted. The Wild West. Companies that are selected will ensure a privileged position in the American defense. In statements to New York Times, Mark Montgomerydirector of a group of defense experts in Washington, said that “there are more than 100 companies with sensors, satellites or other devices that want to sell to the golden dome (…) this is the wild west, and it is a huge opportunity for those who are selected.” Several layers. The antimisile shield will have several layers, three land and one spatial, according to Reuters reported. The space shield will be the most complex part from the technological point of view and where many of these companies are focusing. In April we already talk about Spacex had proposed its technology for the creation of the golden dome. It is a network of up to 1,000 satellites to detect missiles and another 200 armed with missiles or lasers to destroy them before they reach their goal. Palantir Technologies and Anduril Industriestwo technological companies dedicated to defense, were also part of this initiative. Images | Wikipedia, Picryl In Xataka | The US has decided to try if Elon Musk was right. So he has placed two cybertruck in the desert as the target of his missiles

China has a key technology to create a more effective antimisile shield than the iron dome: a beetle

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During the recent one Conflict between Israel and Iran There was a lot of talked about the powerful Israeli antimile defense system, known as the ‘Iron dome’. Europe too wants to build yours and United States shuffled the creation of a ‘golden dome’ that would use a satellite network and would be able to Stop hypersonic missiles. And what about China? Although they have Several antimile systems At different levels, they do not have a “total” shield like the one who wants to build the United States. What they do is a technology that, if applied, would far exceed the detection of missiles from other countries. A beetle. This kind of beetles receives that name for its ability to detect fire up to 80 kilometers away Thanks to an organ in its most sensitive exoskeleton than most infrared sensors in the market. This has been the inspiration of these Chinese researchers for their new creation: a system that mimics this same sensitivity and allows you to detect hot objects quickly and precisely. The system. During the investigation, Posted in Nature magazinethe scientists carried out several tests to verify the effectiveness of the system. In the first they built an ‘heteroestructure’ with divel -divelur, a material that offers a high absorption of the middle infrared range, and pentacene, an organic semiconductor. The device could detect radiation to an intensity of only 0.5 millivats per square centimeter, a sensitivity close to that of the beetle. In the second test they used black phosphorus and Indian seleniuro, achieving a photonic memory of 0.5 microseconds, 20,000 times faster than conventional optical storage. Capacities. Researchers affirm that this technology is able to “detect and identify objects in difficult environments, since it can penetrate obstacles such as smoke, fog and dust, providing clear images and precise detection of objectives.” In addition, it works at room temperature without refrigeration. This technology could be used in various scenarios: fire detection, autonomous driving, night vision systems and of course military environments. Antimisiles. As we said, China does not have an “dome” antimile system, but this technology could open the door to the creation of one that, According to South China Morning Postit would be much more precise than the ‘Golden Dome’ that Donald Trump wants to build. The key point is that the system integrates detection, memory and processing functions. Current antimisile systems are based on traditional silicon semiconductors and hardware separation (sensors and processors) prevents them from reaching those response speeds. Nothing concrete. Donald Trump’s ‘golden dome’ is, for now, a proposal that has not yet materialized, just like this hypothetical Chinese dome. What we do know is that China did not make any grace The announcement of this project because “it would raise the risk of converting space into a war zone and creating a career for creating space weapons.” Currently, China has several antimile defense layers: Dong Neng-3an exoatmospheric missile interception system, HQ-19 for medium-range interception and HQ-29 with antisatelite capabilities. Images | Flickr (1, 2) In Xataka | The day a missile killed 28 soldiers because the antimile defense system ignored an error of 0.000000095 seconds

Meteorologists have a name for what is happening in Spain: heat dome

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While a good part of Spain prepares for first heat wave From this summer, meteorologists study what is happening in the atmosphere to answer questions such as how we have reached here or when the extreme heat will end. The first wave is approaching. The State Meteorology Agency (AEMET) launched a Special notice for the arrival of this heat wave. The notice will enter into force tomorrow, Saturday 28, but the most intense days of this episode that will last at least until Tuesday, July 1 will be expected. The heat waves are, By definitionextreme events in which temperatures exceed statistically defined temperature intervals for the time of year. That is, the situation is remarkably hotter than one would expect for these days of the beginning of summer. Heat dome To explain what is happening at the atmospheric level, meteorologists resort to a metaphorical term, the dome or heat dome. Physicist Francisco Martín León explains this concept in a piece for Meteoredalthough the term speaks in itself. The main “ingredient” in this phenomenon is a height anticyclone. When one of these anticyclones remains static in a given area, it tends to catch air masses at lower levels. This air also tends to accumulate heat due to the high insolation associated with atmospheric stability. A shared dome. The peculiar atmospheric situation is not being the exclusive heritage of the Peninsula as on the occasions in which we talk about the “Iberian oven” but the dome formed by the anticyclone also covers a good part of the south and southwest of Europe. Bad news if we consider the temperature increase lived during the last weeks in Mediterranean waters and the risks involved in this anomalous accumulation of thermal energy. 42º and climbing. In addition to its special notice, Aemet has activated various notices due to extreme temperatures. For now it is yellow and orange notices, although it is convenient to pay attention to how the situation advances. For today, the agency expects maximum between 34º and 36º in good part of the country, with some areas that could reach 40º. As the days go by the situation could get worse, with areas such as the Guadalquivir Valley exceeding the 42nd mark. Some predictions They even speak of Andalusian cities that reach the 44th Celsius. An additional problem will be the minimum temperatures. They are expected to fall from the 23rd-25º “in large areas of the southern half and the Ebro valley.” That is, part of the country will encounter “tropical nights” that will make due rest of the people suffering them. Meteosalud. In addition to Aemet notices, Meteosalud, under the Ministry of Health, has issued its own evaluation of the areas with greater and lesser health risk these days. This evaluation warns of high -risk areas in areas of the northern peninsular such as the Ebro Rivera in Navarra, the central area of ​​Huesca or the central depression of Tarragona. In Xataka | We do not know anything about El Niño at this point of the year. That is a meteorological mystery … and good news Image | ECMWF

Iran has found the antidote to the Israeli iron dome. Is called Fattah and overcomes the speed of sound

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Iran found A weakness In systems of Israeli defense. His offensive was focusing on the use of unconventional threats marked by Shahed drone swarms whose combat loss was very small compared to the missile cost to tear them down. Israel’s response was swift: fronts to unmanned devices He launched the Sarafcombat helicopters. Now the conflict has entered a new “hypersonic” phase. A hypersonic missile. On June 18, Iran marked a milestone in his confrontation with Israel to launch Your ballistic missile Hypersonic Fattahcapable of reaching at least match 5 speeds (and estimated, According to Iranbetween Mach 13 and Mach 15). This projectile, solid fuel, guided with precision and equipped with a mobile nozzle in its second stage, He managed to cross Israeli antimisile defense systems in what was defined by the body of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard (CGRI) as a “turning point” in the Operation “True Promise III”already in its eleventh phase. Not just that. Iran He presented the Fattah As a symbol of the end of Israeli aerial invulnerability, stressing that its deployment represents a direct blow to the dissuasive capacity of Tel Aviv. The initial reports indicated FIRE AND STRUCTURAL DAMAGES in areas of the center of Israel as a direct consequence of the impact. Characteristics and innovation. The Fattaah missile represents one of the most ambitious bets of the Iranian Aerospace Program. It was presented officially in 2023 as a national technological revolution. With a scope 1,400 kilometers And a maneuvering capacity both inside and outside the atmosphere, this missile was designed to effectively avoid conventional defensive systems. In that sense, its design is key, which incorporates A re -entry vehicle maneuverable (Marv), which allows you to change direction in the final phases of your trajectory to evade aerial defenses. Your solid fuel engine gives you an immediate response to the launch and your advanced guide system, as we said, next to an orientable thrust nozzle, allows you to execute unpredictable maneuvers that hinder your interception. Unlike traditional missiles, its trajectory can vary dynamically during the flight, which makes it a practically unattainable goal for air defenses that depend on predictable trajectories. A fattah missile National symbol. The missile is much more in National Key. In fact, he was baptized by the leader himself, Ayatolá Ali Jameneí, who also made him a propaganda symbol With the phrase “400 seconds to Tel Aviv” printed In Hebrew on a banner hanging in Tehran. During the Mass attack of October 1, 2024, several fattah-1 missiles already They had been thrown Against Jerusalem, but its recent use in the current context marks the first time that on the current conflict is incorporated tactically. The weapon also It is described by the body of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard (IRGC) as the “Israel’s beating.” The “hypersonic” club. The news has other readings. With the deployment of fattaah, Iran becomes In the fourth country in having and using hypersonic technology, adding to Russia, China and India. Each of these powers has developed Your own models with different characteristics in terms of launch platform, autonomy, type of propulsion and guidance mechanisms. The Iranian variant stands out for its Structural simplicity (solid propulsion in two stages) and its apparent tactical effectiveness. Plus: The ability to overcome multiple layers of Israeli defense during this phase of attacks positions Iran as an increasingly sophisticated actor in the field of ballistic deterrence. The Israeli answer. If the response to the Shahed were the Saraf, the Israeli reaction to the attack with hypersonic missiles has not been waiting. In the following hours, Tel Aviv launched a new OLADA DE BOMBARDEOS on military objectives in Iranian territory, intensifying a dynamic of cross retaliation that already adds seven consecutive days. Among the whites attacked They were included Five military helicopters at a base in Kermanshah, a land-land missile production installation, a war manufacturing center and a centrifuged plantwhich shows that Israel seeks to weaken both conventional capacity and Iranian nuclear infrastructure. The explosions felt even In the Iranian capitalevidencing that the Israeli campaign has expanded its spectrum of action and now points to nerve centers of Persian military power. Strategic implications. The last of the legs to analyze has to do with how the board changes in regional dynamics. The Fattah irruption In the battlefield it introduces a new destabilization factor in a complex conflict already. Beyond military symbolism, its effective use undermines confidence in Israeli defensive systemsconsidered among the most advanced in the world. This vulnerability could force Israel to reassess its air defense architecture and, at the regional level, it could alter the strategic calculations of other actors that until now considered unfeasible to directly challenge the aerial power of Tel Aviv. In addition, the fact that Iran can deploy missiles of this class from within its own territory gives it a significant operational advantage, reducing the need to depend on regional allies to execute long -range attacks. More technological and asymmetric. As In Ukrainethe crossing of attacks between Iran and Israel, more and more sophisticated, illustrates the evolution of modern conflicts towards scenarios where technological deterrence is A determining weight. While Israel maintains the Air Supreme Thanks to its fleet of F-35I and F-15 fightersas well as its operational experience, the appearance of weapons Like fattah Reduces its strategic advantage margin. Iran, limited in its conventional Air Force, has opted to compensate for its inferiority with the development of ballistic missiles and Advanced dronesin a wear war in which each new system can redefine the momentary balance. The Operation “True Promise III”therefore, it is not only a reprisal campaign, but an essay for a new Iranian doctrine based on speed, precision and unforeseen penetration. Image | HeuteHossein Zohrevand, Amin Ahoui In Xataka | Ukraine was the anticipation of what Israel has done: war is no longer a thing of fighters or missiles, but something much cheaper In Xataka | If the question is how much the iron dome of Israel can endure, the answer is simple: much more … Read more

The US wants to build an unprecedented antimisile shield called “Golden Dome”. And Spacex has suitable technology

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The idea of ​​an antimile shield that protects the United States from enemy attacks is not even original. Already in the era reagan, The country fantasized with an initiative nicknamed “Star Wars” That never saw the light. Now, the Trump administration wants to dust off the project with technology of the 21st century and a more intimidating name: “Golden Dome” (the golden dome). With Spacex technology. A technological consortium headed by Spacex, the Aerospace Company of Elon Musk, leads the race to develop part of the Golden Dome, Publish Reuters. Its proposal consists of a constellation of between 400 and more than a thousand satellites dedicated to detecting enemy missiles, following its trajectory and determining if they suppose a threat to the territory of the United States. Other separate fleet of about 200 satellites (armed with missiles or lasers) would be responsible for intercepting missiles; Although the group led by Spacex would not be, according to Reuters, involved in the offensive part of the system. Old acquaintances. In addition to Spacex, two other technology companies are part of the initiative: Palantir Technologies and Anduril Industries. Palantir is a government software co -founded by Alex Karp and Peter Thiel, old acquaintances of Musk. Anduril specializes in military drones and Autonomous Defense Technologies; Its most famous founder is Palmer Lukey, the creator of the Virtual Virtual Rift helmets. All of them, very aligned entrepreneurs and Donald Trump’s millionaire donors. If you liked, subscribe. The approach proposed by Spacex, Palantir and Anduril has an unorthodox turn for a defense contract for this magnitude: a subscription model. Instead buy and own satellite infrastructure, the Pentagon would pay a fee to access its services. This model, always according to reuters, could expedite the implementation by dodging the conventional procurement protocols of the Pentagon, but would also tie the government to a supplier and limit its control over the development and future prices of technology. After the publication of Reuters, which generated comments on possible conflicts of interest and worse things, Elon Musk responded in his X profile: “This is not true”, without giving more details. From Iron Dome to Golden Dome. The inspiration in the name seems clear: the Israeli iron dome. But the differences also appear in sight: Israel is a small country, with short -range threats. The United States is a continental country exposed to attacks from multiple vectors and with new threats, as the hypersonic missiles developed by Russia and Chinawhose erratic trajectories and extreme speed challenge current systems. Replicating the iron dome on an American scale is technical and economically unfeasible. Hence, the alternative that right now has more ballots is a solution based on the Starlink satellite constellation, which would cost between 6,000 and 10,000 million dollars. More politics than defense, for now. Although Spacex and its technological partners seem to be in the lead, traditional defense giants such as Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman, RTX or Boeing are not far behind and also bid on the part of the cake. The Pentagon has received proposals from more than 180 companies. The big question is whether Golden Dome will really be a defensive revolution against real threats (such as hypersonic weapons or orbital bombing systems) or If it’s just an electoral promise closer to the science fiction of Star Wars than to a pragmatic military strategy. If something has taught us the current administration is that nothing they are going to do tomorrow is predictable. Images | Peter Thiel and Elon Musk (PayPal), Starlink Stelas (Lowell) In Xataka | Space energy never worked. A military escalation in orbit is making it come true

A Falcon 9 rocket rented without control over Poland. Poland has now fired the dome of its space agency

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The fall of several remains of A Falcon 9 rocket from Spacex in Poland He has caused another fall weeks later: that of the president of the Polish Space Agency, fulminated by the government of his country. A little context. In the early hours of February 19, the second stage of a Falcon 9 rocket, which had failed by exorbiting two weeks before, rented without control in the earth’s atmosphere. The 13.8 meters long propeller by 3.66 meters in diameter disintegrated over northern Europe. The fragments that survived the heat of the reentry They fell near the city of Poznan. A meter and average length tank, covered with carbon fiber, hit the enclosure of an electrical material warehouse without causing damage. A warehouse employee gave the police to the police. The initial answer. The next day, the Polish Space Agency (PoSA) said he had reportedly informed various institutions of the Polish government about the incident. His space security department said, always monitor threats of artificial space objects, such as rockets. Spacex exorbitous normally the Falcon 9 on the ocean, far from populated areas. In this case, a technical failure after the deployment of the Starlink 11-4 mission on February 2 made the second stage of the rocket You will not be able to meet your engine To re -enter controlled. The rocket spin around the earth until entering the atmosphere due to gravity and atmospheric braking. He did it on February 19 at 4:43, Poland time. Contradictions. The appearance of several fragments of Falcon 9 in different parts of Poland triggered an internal crisis. Krzysztof Paszyk, the Minister of Polish Development and Technology, went out to contradict Posa, stating that the Polish Space Agency had not informed the authorities as he said, and asking for urgent explanations to the president of Polsa, Grzegorz Wrochna. On February 28, Pols European Spaceflight. To further complicate things, on March 2 Polsa suffered a cyber attack that forced her to disconnect her Internet systems until day 5. The dismissal. Finally, on March 11, the Ministry of Development and Technology of Poland officially announced the dismissal of the president of Polsa, Grzegorz Wrochna. The president was fired for inappropriate management of the uncontrolled fall of remains of Falcon 9 over Poland. For his part, Spacex clarified that I was collaborating with the Poland government in the tasks of recovery and cleanliness, and that there were no toxic materials present in the remains. The company has a specific phone and email to inform the remains of its rockets: 1-866-623-0234 and recovery@spacex.com. Image | Posa In Xataka | Spacex has given explanations about the rocket that rented without control in Europe: again a leak of the second stage

Russia, China and North Korea have hypersonic weapons. The US has decided to defend itself with its own iron dome

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In the Reagan era, the United States proposed one of those defense plans that would give for an uncertain genre. The project was from such a draft that The media called him “Star Wars Initiative” for its similarities to what seemed like a shield in the full -fledged space. Now that Trump has come to power, the country somehow revives that rimbombante idea, although perhaps more earthly. A copy of Israel. What is known at this time is that Donald Trump has signed an executive order to develop an antimile defense system Similar to Iron Dome (iron dome) from Israelarguing that Ballistic threats represent the greatest danger For the National Security of the United States. In his own way, of course. So, just like With the “new” Gulf of Americathe project would be done Under the name of “Iron Dome for America”an order that instructs the Pentagon to present in 60 days a detailed plan that includes the accelerated development of hypersonic missiles and the deployment of space interceptors. The problem? Many experts question the viability of the proposal pointing out that The geography and size of the nation make a system like the Israelidesigned for a significantly smaller territory and short -range threats. Dusting Star Wars. In addition, and as we said at the beginning, Trump’s plan also seems to resume Ronald Reagan’s vision with his strategic defense initiative, The known as “Star Wars”which failed after having cost billions of dollars without concrete results. Its objective was to intercept enemy missiles before they achieved their goal, eliminating the need for nuclear retaliation. However, the program was canceled in the 90s due to its technical unfeasibility and its high costs. Despite this, some of their ideas have endured in the current defense systems, Like the Ground-Based Midcourse Defense (GMD)although its success rate remains limited. In this regard, critics like Sidharth Kaoushal warned in the New York Times That an antimile shield at national scale could be economically unsustainable, while Marion Messmer underlines The technical difficulties of intercepting missiles released from multiple directions and platformsincluding submarines. Again, the United States is not Israel. Space and new technologies in the equation. Trump’s plan emphasizes the use of spatial interceptors and sensors, Defense systems before launch (Left-Of-Launch) and energy weapons directed as lasers. There are already names on the table with Companies like Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman and RTX, which have shown interest in the project highlighting recent advances in lasers defense for cruise missiles. Threats and strategic challenges. Although the order does not specify which countries are considered threats, It is assumed by all that we talk about old acquaintances. Namely: Russia, China, Iran and, possibly, North Korea (it remains to be seen with Trump in power), all nations that They have developed increasingly sophisticated arsenalsincluding hypersonic missiles capable of evading current defenses. In Washington, the idea of ​​strengthening antimisile defense has some support, and experts like Robert Soofer argue that the current approach is insufficient Given the growing offensive capacity of these countries. In any case, the objective is clear: hypersonic weapons, with irregular trajectories and extreme speeds, They represent a significant challenge for traditional defensive systems. In addition, the Great Nuclear Arsenal of Russia, with around 1,700 eyes deployed (And the growing of China), they could overcome any anti -mile shield. Guam as an initial test. While the United States antimisile defense remains in a planning phase, The territory of Guam, a strategic enclave In the Pacific, he has advanced in the implementation of a multicapa defense system. We have counted it before. The island, which houses key military bases, It is less than 3,000 km from China and North Koreacountries that have been indicated as a objective in military exercises and threats. As we explained in December, the US army successfully performed the first interception of a ballistic missile from the islandusing the Aegis Guam Systema land -based system that has proven effective in ships of the Navy. Besides, THE THAAD SYSTEM (HIGH ALTIVITY TERMINE AREA DEFENSE) and the Patriot batteries They will be integrated to form a defensive shield of 360 degrees, capable of facing ballistic, hypersonic and cruise missiles. This system, although advanced, will take at least a decade to complete, reflecting the difficulty of building a similar shield at the national level. The great uncertainty. No doubt, at this time, lack of details in the executive order, the possibility that the Trump administration opts for a gradual deployment is left open, increasing investment in existing programs instead of developing a completely new system. In any case, the debate on the feasibility and costs of such a project are on the table, with warning that a plan of this magnitude could be economically unfeasible without offering an effective solution to the growing threat of long -range missiles. That without counting on The size of the United States to display an iron dome to use. Image | Israel Ministry In Xataka | Israel has an effective defense weapon in the iron dome. Except if all your enemies attack at the same time In Xataka | The United States fears that China’s long -range missiles will reach Guam. So he just launched one himself

Trump orders to build an anti -mile shield “iron dome” for the USA.

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President Donald Trump ordered by Decree on Monday the construction of an antimile shield of the “iron dome” type for the United States, like the one that Israel uses to intercept thousands of rockets. “We need to immediately begin the construction of a state -of -the -art antimisile defense shield, the iron dome,” Trump told Republican congressmen in Florida. Hours later, aboard the Air Force One that led Trump to Washington, a White House official confirmed that the president signed a decree “To develop an ‘American iron dome’, an antimile defense shield to protect the US territory.” The name “iron dome” comes from the system installed in Israel since 2011 which has allowed neutralizing thousands of rockets against their territory. How does the antimile defense system work iron dome? In the case of Israel, each system consists of a radar unit and a control center, which can detect approximate projectiles, such as missiles. After taking off, calculate your career and your goal. It happens in seconds. You have to do it, because depending on the distance from the Gaza Strip, the Israelis only have 15 to 90 seconds to be safe from a missile that is approaching. The third element is missile launches. There are three to four per system, each with space for 20 rockets. A defense missile is only launched when it is clear that a projectile is aimed at an inhabited area. It is maneuverable in the air. The interceptor missile does not directly impact the other projectile, but exploits in its vicinity, destroying it. However, the debris that fall can cause damage. The systems are mobile and can be relocated. Ten of them are currently in use in Israel. According to the manufacturer, the Israeli state defense company Rafael Defense Systems, a single battery can protect a medium -sized city. The system can intercept projectiles with a range of up to 70 kilometers. According to experts, 13 systems would be necessary to protect the entire country. How reliable is the system? The manufacturer declares a 90%successes. The head of the Israeli defense organization Antimisiles, Moshe Patel, told the AFP news agency that until January the iron dome had intercepted more than 2,400 projectiles in the last ten years. The arms manufacturer Rafael figure in more than 2,500 launches successfully. “Any intercepted missile would have impacted an inhabited area, which could cause serious damage and cause victims”is stated on the website of the Armed Forces of Israel. According to the Israeli army, during the current escalation 1,600 projectiles against Israel were shot, of which it is said that 400 fell into the Gaza Strip itself. The Radical Islamist group Hamas seems to bet on the strategy of launching large full -successing downloads and testing the iron dome or even taking it to its limits. Continue reading:· End of policies will lead to companies and eliminate initiatives against discrimination· Trump pardon two Washington DC police officers convicted of African -American persecution· Republicans present law to prohibit citizenship to children of undocumented (Tagstotranslate) Donald Trump

the enormous shell of the dome has been completed

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He Canary Islands Great Telescope It is, today, the largest optical and infrared telescope in the world. However, if everything goes according to plan, that position will go to the Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) in 2028. The project, under the orbit of the European Southern Observatory (ESO), is being developed on Cerro Armazones, in the Atacama Desert, in Chile. Photographs taken earlier this year show the progress of the works. The framework of the enormous dome, with a diameter of 93 meters, has been completed, so the tasks now focus on the assembly of the outer cover of aluminum plates. This cover will act as a “shell” that will protect the equipment from the adverse climate of the location. Construction of the world’s next largest telescope advances The main protagonist of the material shared by ESO is high altitude metal structurewhich will be responsible for supporting optics and instruments during astronomical observations. This 50-meter-high piece will contain the five mirrors of the ELT and will have to be moved so that the telescope can point to different parts of the sky. To talk about ELT is to refer to several milestones. The primary mirror of 39 meters in diameter will be made up of 798 individual hexagonal segmentsand it will be the largest ever built. The secondary mirror will reflect the light from the primary mirror onto the tertiary mirror. The three mirrors should offer better observations over a wide field of view. Image: ESO/G. Vecchia | ELT under construction in January 2025 But there is more. The fourth mirror is very interesting because it is an “adaptive” mirror. It has been designed to deform to correct atmospheric turbulence and vibration of the telescope structure and its movement. Thousands of actuators intervene to give life to this feature that will deliver sharper images. Image: ESO/G. Vecchia | ELT under construction in January 2025 The fifth mirror is the smallest, but not the least important. It is a very light and rigid optical piece that moves with great precision to ensure that the images arrive stabilized to telescope instrumentsthat is, its multiple spectrographs and cameras that will receive the light to analyze it in detail. Image: ESO/G. Vecchia | ELT under construction in January 2025 It’s been a long time since this project took its first steps. The preliminary design of the telescope was published in 2006 and in 2010 Cerro Armazones was selected as the ideal place for its construction. The reason was very simple: it is a place whose climatic conditions greatly favor the observation of the cosmos. Image: ESO | ELT render The hill is far enough from cities to suffer considerable light pollution. There is also a small percentage of precipitable water vapor. Have you ever wondered why stars blink when we look at them? It is due to the conditions of our atmosphere, such as density, temperature and wind. The signing of the agreement between Chile and the ESO came in 2011, which included the donation of an area of ​​189 square kilometers for the installation of the telescope and the concession for 50 years of the surrounding area. Construction began in March 2014. The project has a budget of 1.45 billion euros and, as we say, it should be operational in 2026. The ELT promises to capture 15 times more light than the Gran Telescopio Canarias and offer sharper views than the Hubble Space Telescope, observatory aiming to retire soon. As we have noted, the ELT will have a 39-meter diameter mirror, key to achieving its objective: obtain direct images of exoplanetsanalyze their atmospheres and measure the expansion of the universe. Images | ESO/G. Vecchia In Xataka | James Webb has just shown us waves of star dust so colossal that they would make our solar system small

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