radishes confirm the entry of nanoplastics into the food chain

Living with microplastics It seems like the new normal in our diet. We already see them in things as everyday as bottled water either tapbut also within our body as in breast milk or their own testicles. Now the researchers, who remain very focused on the food chain, have wanted analyze its presence in crops and it has made it clear that the problem is more serious than we thought. The study. Published in the magazine Environmental Researchresearchers have used a technique of radiolabeling to demonstrate, for the first time quantitatively, that nanoplastics are not only absorbed by plants, but travel through them until they accumulate in the parts we eat. And the results, obtained with radishes, are a wake-up call to a very important food safety problem. The marking. The main challenge of studying nanoplastics in biological tissues is to distinguish them from the organic material that surrounds them. To overcome this obstacle, a team of scientists from the University of Plymouth in the United Kingdom synthesized polystyrene nanoplastics and “marked” them with a radioactive isotope: lime. famous carbon-14. In this way, it was possible to accurately monitor the movement of the plastic inside the plant. And precisely the material is more common in agricultural soils. Design. The experiment was meticulously designed to avoid any type of surface contamination. For this, radishes were used due to their rapid growth and their large fleshy root (the edible part), which were introduced into a hydroponic system with a liquid nutrient solution instead of being in their normal habitat, which is soil. This is where the key is: only the fine, non-fleshy roots were in contact with the water containing the nanoplastics. In this way, the edible part and the sprouts were never in contact with the contaminated medium. From here, the radishes were left for five days to absorb the solution and subsequently analyzed to check if the nanoplastics (which emit radiation) had been absorbed and what path they would follow. Results. After the passage of these five days, radioactivity was detected in all parts of the silver that had been exposed, demonstrating the absorption and transport of the nanoplastics. In total, the radishes managed to retain almost 5% of the nanoplastics that were in the water and of these, 65% remained in the non-fleshy roots (the entry point). But the alarming thing comes when in the part that is edible, a concentration of 25.5% of the nanoplastics that the plant had absorbed and transported to this area was found. Even the buds and leaves, the furthest part, accumulated almost 10% of the total absorbed. What does it mean. This finding demonstrates that polystyrene nanoplastics are capable of crossing the Caspary bandan impermeable layer of cells that functions as a protective barrier in the root of the plant, designed precisely to prevent the passage of unwanted substances into the vascular system. Once this barrier is overcome, the nanoplastics have free rein to distribute throughout the rest of the plant. Why it is important. These results open a direct and quantifiable pathway for human exposure to nanoplastics through diet. Unlike animals, which have rapid excretion mechanisms (such as feces or urine) to eliminate part of the contaminants, plants lack these systems. This makes them potential “sinks” for nanoplastics, accumulating them throughout their lives. And for humans, the fact that these particles are so small means that they can diffuse our biological barriers and enter the body to circulate through the bloodstream. Although the effects that these microplastics have on our body still remain to be known, something that is currently still being studied to know exactly their distribution throughout the body. Future research should explore whether other types of plastics behave the same, how soil type affects absorption, and what happens in longer growing cycles. But the door has already been opened: smaller plastics are no longer just pollute our oceans and air, but they have found a way to silently sneak into our food, from the roots. Images | Teslariu Mihai Marc Pell In Xataka | They clean your blood of microplastics for 11,500 euros: the startup that capitalizes on our fear of an invisible enemy

The US already proves its new “Airplane of the Last Judgment”. His role is to keep the command chain even in a nuclear scenario

The most resilient aircraft in the United States has just written a new chapter in a story that started half a century ago. The Air Force and Sierra Nevada Corporation They have launched the First flight tests of E-4C SAOC, direct successor of the E-4B Nightwatchthe family of “Final Judgment” that guarantees the continuity of command even in the worst scenario. Recently, a giant based on a Boeing 747-8he first took off from Dayton, Ohio, opening a trial campaign that will last in the coming months and that opens the transition to a more modern fleet. With this step, the North American country begins to replace flying bunkers that approach at the end of its useful life. It is not a new concept: we talk about the evolution of a system that combines government continuity, safe communications and nuclear deterrence. The SAOC program, with a contract of More than 13,000 million dollars Awarded in 2024, it is a change of method in the Pentagon: for the first time, the original manufacturer of 747 does not lead the integration and responsibility falls to a company specialized in large conversions, which has brought together first level partners to build the most advanced command plane of its time. That inaugural flight is the first step of a decade of work to deliver a platform capable of continuing to operate when everything else fails. A new chapter for the most strategic plane in the United States The SAOC (acronym for surviving Airborne Operations Center) is the most ambitious Air Force project to reinforce its network of Nuclear control, control and communications. Its mission is clear: to ensure that, although the strategic centers on land remain unused, the country’s leadership can coordinate a military response and Maintain control of the armed forces from the air. It is no accident that these aircraft are known as “final judgment planes”: they are designed to be the last resort in a scenario where everything collapses, operating as a true flying pentagon. The first generation of this platform, the E-4B Nightwatch, entered service in the seventies on the basis of a Boeing 747-200. Currently, the United States maintains four units Active, all deployed in the Offutt Air Base, Nebraska. Despite their robustness, the passage of time passes by an invoice: each plane has decades in service, the spare parts are increasingly difficult to get and Its availability is barely 55%. Keeping these giants operational is a expensive task, and the Air Force plans to remove them at the beginning of the next decade. The renewal is already underway. Sierra Nevada has received four of the five Boeing 747-8i acquired from Korean Air, and in them are applied deep modifications. Dayton, Ohio, and Wichita, Kansas They concentrate the Conversion and test operationswhich will be extended at least until 2026. This staggered plan will allow the new aircraft to enter into service while the E-4B begin to withdraw, always maintaining an operational nucleus that ensures the continuity of government. A E-4B Nightwatch currently operational The technological jump is evident. The 747-8 is the last large commercial aircraft of four engines made in the United States, with greater fuel capacity, more efficient engines and a broader fuselage than its predecessor. These characteristics make it the ideal base for an airplane that needs to sustain prolonged operations with refreshing in flight. The 747-8 cell also provides growth margin to integrate advanced communications, reinforced armor and redundant systems, all designed to survive electromagnetic pulses or cyber attacks. E-4B Nightwatch Decades of antiquity in flight At an industrial level, the program also makes a difference. Although Boeing remains the original 747 manufacturer and provides structural support, this time does not lead the project: the Air Force opted for an open data model to ensure that the government owns the design and can modify it in the future without depending exclusively on the OEM. Boeing It was out of the bid in 2023 after disagreements on the terms of the contract and data rights, which opened the door to Sierra Nevada Corporation as the main contractor. The company, known for its high complexity projects, has formed a team with giants like Lockheed Martin, Collins Aerospace and Rolls-Royce to create an unprecedented platform in the military. His role in recent history reinforces the need for this investment. E-4B have participated in critical events: from government continuity exercises to emergencies such as September 11, 2001 attackswhen at least one of these aircraft took off to provide safe communications in the middle of chaos. These aircraft have routinely accompanied the Secretary of Defense on International Travel, remain on alert during presidential speeches to Congress and act as a support network when national security protocols are launched. In the popular imaginary they appear little, but their mere existence is part of the United States deterrence strategy. The E-4C SAOC is, more than an update, a long-term bet. The contract signed with Sierra Nevada is It extends until 2036which reflects the magnitude of the technical challenge and the necessary time to complete the conversion of the aircraft, certify and deploy them fully. With this plan, the United States ensures that the most critical piece of its system of Nuclear control and control It will remain in force for decades. Although many details, such as the exact equipment of antennas and systems, are still classified, what is already underway is a clear message: the ability to direct the country in a global crisis depends on a strategic investment that seeks to always have a command center in the air. Images | Sierra Nevada | Balon Grayjoy | Defense Department In Xataka | Aviation enters a new era: seats are no longer tarified, emotions are tarified

We knew that many use Starbucks as an office. In South Korea they lead to the printer, and the chain has said enough

Enter a Starbucks store and meet several people installed with your laptop It is no novelty. The spacious tables, the plugs available, the air conditioning and, of course, the coffee, make these premises a habitual shelter for students and remote workers. A printer on the table. A cardboard separator to isolate itself from the world. A strip to plug laptop, mobile and tablet at the same time. All this has been seen – and is still seen – in some South Korea Starbucks. The phenomenon has shot, and therefore, the chain has decided to intervene. New standards in South Korea. The new regulation is clear: no printers, multi -mitoms or accessories that convert the premises into a portable office. This is what The Korea Herald collects itwhich adds that it is also not allowed to occupy several chairs or leave belongings for hours to “reserve” table. The original poster (left), the translation of Google Lens (right) From this week, employees have instructions to warn those who fail these guidelines. The measure communicates with a poster that already decorates dozens of stores in the country. And although the message is illustrated with a smiling bear, the background has nothing tender. What does it mean to be a 카공족. In South Korea, 카공족 It is the name that receives “the tribe that studies in coffee.” The term combines the words 카페 (cafeteria) and 공부 (study), and is used to describe those who spend hours working or reviewing notes in premises such as Starbucks. What began as a practical and punctual solution has become such a widespread custom that now raises a dilemma: is it a legitimate use of space or silent abuse of the common environment? The social reaction. The Donga Ilbo medium collects The testimony of Professor Seo Kyung-Duk, from the Sungshin Women’s University, who shared the image of the computer equipment with the cardboard separator: “It looks like a private office.” SEgún explainedeven the foreigner who accompanied him was bewildered: “How can anyone mark their territory in a public place like a cafeteria?” He asked, surprised. Some of the images that account for 카공족 in South Korea The author of the photo explained that this person did not return in all the time he remained in the store: “I spent three hours there and did not return once,” he said. Meanwhile, Asia Economy echoed some Of the most repeated reactions among users: “There is not even room to have coffee because of the 카공족,” said a person. Another ironized: “They leave their things and they will eat … is this a ‘Study Café’ or what?” Why have Starbucks Korea acted now? Starbucks has not acted in whim. According to the company, what is at stake is the collective experience. When a large table is occupied for hours by a single person, or when a client is absent leaving their objects as a reservation, the balance between those who enter, consume and leave, and those who turn the place into a personal office. There is also a commercial logic. Maintaining rotation is key in a business where each table counts. If someone occupies a seat for four hours with a single coffee, the impact is not anecdotal. If not, tell the owners of coffees in Barcelona, They are applying their own formula “anti occupies terraces”. Images | Athar Khan | 서경덕 (Via Donga Ilbo) In Xataka | We already know who is going to drink all the coffee that Brazil will not export to the US for the tariffs: China

Sin rare Chinese, the US military supply chain wobbles

The United States is one of the main military powers of the planet. And that war muscle It does not feed exclusively with money. Requires something else: Rare earth. That’s where his geopolitical antagonist, China comes into play. The Asian giant controls rare earth production And the United States is realizing something: those who do their arms do not have it easy to find suppliers that are not Chinese. And it’s what is causing A new war, the magnets. And it is affecting the entire US military chain: from bullets to the most expensive hunt in history. Rare earth. Yes, again. We have already counted on other occasions that “rare earths” are a peculiar term because they are neither lands, nor are they rare. It is a set of 17 elements that are all over the world, but whose difficulty lies in the process to “take off the grain of the straw.” It is a polluting process that was delegated to China, which is why The country dominates its production. How far? It depends on the material, but it is estimated that China produces around 90% of refined rare lands, as well as 94% of gallium production and 83% Germanioalso crucial for industries such as the military. They also control the production of aluminum or steel. Stab where it hurts: weapons. Within the rare earths, a crucial component is the magnets. They are used in many industries such as audio (headphones do not work without magnets, for example), that of renewable (for wind turbines) or for electric cars batteriesto quote just a few. And yes, they are also crucial for the military industry. Combat fighters, guided ballistic missiles, drones and even night vision glas iron control over what they export and their possible military use by other countries, who manufacture weapons and systems for the United States are forced to look for alternatives. The problem is not cheap. This graph shows China’s enormous power in the rare earth metals segment Shot prices. The Wall Street Journal Ha Posted an article in which they expose the case of a manufacturer of pieces for military drones that is crashing against the wall of the rare Chinese earth. It is being forced to delay orders for up to two months because it does not give viable sources of magnets other than China itself. In the article, he points out that these materials necessary for the war industry are being sold for five times their usual value, or more. The countries and companies that need these materials usually have an emergency stock, but as the Leonardo DRS company (a US -based defense contractor and Italian company comments on the company. Leonardo Spa.), They are already using that security stock. If you want to maintain the punctual pace of deliveries, the flow of materials “must improve in the second half of this year,” they point out. Case: The most expensive hunt in history. One of the most leading and controversial products of the United States military machinery in recent years has a name and surname: Lockheed Martin F-35. This hunting is the most expensive in history (What do we know), One of the most advanced And even Donald Trump critical Before his first term, claiming that his cost was “out of control.” Only the pilot’s helmet costs $ 400,000 and the initial estimate of the cost of each plane was more than $ 100 million and the project was described as “El that devoured the pentagon“ Well, among the hunting components, we have some 400 kilos of rare earth magnets, an element that placed the plane In the eye of the hurricane a few months ago. And previously, there were already revealing How much the US needs China’s rare trade. Those upward prices due to Chinese commercial restrictions They have caused other sources of samarium, a necessary element to manufacture the magnets of the engines of the fighters, offer the material for a price 60 times higher than the standard. Beyond F-35. To problems with magnets and rare earths are added Export restrictions of Germanio, Gallium and Antimony. In the first bars of the commercial war, China closed the tap of these materials that are key to another good military solutions, such as the creation of hardened projectiles or infrared vision systems. Situation? Panic. Given this situation, USA, Europe, Japan and more countries are desperately looking for rare earth deposits or alternative ways to obtain them. But, as we said, the complicated thing is not so much to find these deposits as processing them. Meanwhile, it’s time to continue buying China what China wants to export, since, as other sources in the sector point in the WSJ report, some of the elements are “so specific that they cannot occur profitably in the West.” Everything indicates that China has the pan of the rare earths through the mango. The pentagon demanded Defense contractors stop buying rare earth magnets of Chinese origin before 2027, but although some companies have accumulated reservations, other smaller ones have not had that opportunity to go with the accounts more “up to date”. The papers. And it is no longer just that the US does not want to buy from China, but that China has also begun to look at all the Westerners who want their rare earths. One of the companies is Eproppelled, American and manufacturer of drones, which a curious situation was found in May of this year. When buying magnets from your Chinese supplier, the supplier sent you a series of official forms that demanded plans, product images and a list of companies that would buy the finished product. Among Eproppelled customers are civil companies, but also military, and given the refusal to sign the papers, the Chinese supplier canceled the shipment of magnets. They point out that companies that use these materials to create civil use products are evaluated and approved, but if the use will be military or aerospace, the approval is more complicated. Committed merchandise. … Read more

In his attempt to fly through the airs the global supply chain, the US has a new obsession: copper

After a few weeks of relative tranquility, the US administration is again climbing the C tensions in its commercial war with China. Trump has announced a new 50% tariff for copper imports. A key step to torpedo China’s strategy, who currently leads its refining and casting processes. Tightening the nuts. The president of the United States, Donald Trump, announced on Tuesday The imposition of a new 50% tariff to all copper imported to the United States. It is unknown for the moment when the measure will enter into force, but this points to a key material not only for the semiconductor industry: copper is crucial for sectors such as transport, energy or construction. The US position. Unlike his war declared to China with the Rare earthThe United States is one of the largest copper producers in the world. He currently occupies fifth place, although his main problem is a very concrete: consumes much more than it produces. Much of the copper it uses arrives as refined cathodes from Asia, especially from China. The goal. The United States not only seeks to protect its national industry. It aims to change the roles in this value chain: Encourage that copper refines within the US Reduce dependence on Chinese Foundions Press Latin America to export copper without going through China. Although Latin America Head the list of copper producers (Chile currently dominates primary mine production with more than 20% global position), dominating refining capacity is a central role in the supply chain. The reactions. The price of copper in the United States has reached its historical maximum in the national market After Trump’s statements, even with doubts about how it will apply and what will be the possible exceptions. The impact. The 50% tariff on copper imports would have a remarkable impact on key industries. Semiconductors: copper is, along with other critical metals such as scandio, disposium or bismuth, a fundamental material for the chips industry. A few milligrams per chip are key to its manufacture. Automotion: The electric vehicle needs much more copper for its manufacture (motor, battery, wiring). Electrical networks: transformers, substations, cables. Consumer electronics Construction Although Trump wants to obtain control over the supply chain, the measure can be shot in the foot. The United States does not have enough capacity to produce and refine all the copper it needs. The doubts. Although Trump has announced that the copper tariff will reach 50%, it has not detailed whether the measures will affect the entire refined copper, or certain products dependent on this material. They are not known to the measure, or date of entry into force. Be that as it may, The war for the domain of metals It will be crucial to control commercial tensions. China’s dominant position on rare earths It puts the United States in a delicate situation, which is trying to face attacking materials as concrete as copper. In Xataka | In 1978 Chinese engineers visited two key US companies. On his return an empire began: the rare earths

AI is turning software programming into a assembly chain

AI is not only transforming the labor market, but also It is changing the nature of the work itself and the tasks that They make up every position. What was previously a highly Specialized and well paidlike that of Software Engineernow Run risk If becoming much more routine, segmented and, above all, accelerated. Something closer to an operator in a assembly chain. According to The New York Timessome Amazon engineers already begin to feel like that. From the industrial revolution to digital automation The impact of AI is already beginning to be noticed among the Technology template. Not so much for the destruction of jobs, as for the transformation of Those who already existed. Often It is equated The arrival of AI with the Industrial Revolution for the change of technological paradigm that was lived. The History has demonstrated that, in the medium term, the automation was not linked to the destruction of employment, but to A displacement and transformation of labor tasks. During the industrial revolution, and then with the passage to Model ‘Fordist’ Mass production with assembly chain, no jobs were destroyed. Its nature was changed. With the Ford assembly chain, the manufacture of cars in workshops was replaced in an artisanal way, by workers located in A assembly line They specialized in doing a very specific task. That was the key to Increase productivity and reduce costs. Automation allowed workers to will focus on specific functionswhile the machines assumed the heaviest or repetitive work. According to A study conducted by MIT researchers and the University of Pennsylvania, Amazon, Google and Microsoft are using their AI tools in a similar way. Software operators With the As a co -pilotlarge technological ones are automating certain tasks of their software engineers that previously required working hours. That liberated time dedicate it to Improve existing products or get new products in less development time. That is, this process is taking a new level, where IA begins to play the role equivalent to industrial machinery of the nineteenth century. Andy Jassy, ​​CEO of Amazon, acknowledged in A LinkedIn post That thanks to this automation with AI, the company had “saved the equivalent of 4,500 years of development work.” Amazon Robotic Warehouse Amazon logistics centers can serve as an example of what is happening now in their software development offices. Some years ago, the employees who prepared Amazon shipments had to travel the long halls of their stores to gather the products of each order. However, now technology It has robotized This whole process to eliminate that search task. With the automation of its centers It has not been dispensed with of those jobs, but are now dedicated to specific tasks. of packaging, the number of orders that each employee can process and His work has been devalued. That warehouse staff now assures that his work is monotonousrepetitive and poorly paid. The same that happened with the operators of the assembly chains. Software engineers begin to notice the same symptoms, with an acceleration of their workflows and greater automation. “If they tell you that you have to review the code, it is never a fun part of work. When you work with these tools (of AI attendance), it is most of the work,” assured Simon Willison, veteran programmer and blogger. The consequences of this automation are already beginning to be noticed in the Junior positions of different sectorsand the programming is exempt. The agents of Which generate code They do the task that the Junior previously developed and, of that practice, acquired the experience that allowed them to ascend. Without this learning, senior engineers will not be trained that tomorrow can review the code generated by an AI and detect errors, or face adequate development strategies. In Xataka | No one is considered a working class in Spain: the percentage has fallen from 50% to 16% in twenty years Image | AmazonUnspash (Adrian Sulyok, Global UI UX Design Agency procreator, Kseniia Ilinykh)

China controls the solar energy supply chain. Europe wants to change it with a huge factory in Asturias

If you had ever thought about how form a solar panel Your process is not easy. This puzzle that passes from a Fine wafer to photovoltaic He has all his framework. Asturias will begin to manufacture this small piece, which is essential for its operation. The heart of a panel. A Catalan company, Sunwafebacked by Innoenergy, are in the process of building the first large bullion factory and wafer for photovoltaic solar panels in Spain. To do this, he has obtained an aid of 199 million euros from the Ministry of Ecological Transition, aimed at supporting this installation in Gijón, As Efe has had access. The company has obtained both public and private financing to develop this project. In fact, he has received one of the largest subsidies in the State in Asturias, within the framework of the government’s renewal call, which allocated 297.3 million euros to key projects in renewable energy, According to the trade. The first piece of puzzle. In this puzzle that is the process of manufacturing the solar panel, the plant will focus on silicon purification, its foundry to form ingots, and the subsequent cut of these bullion in thin wafers. All this and then send it to other plants with which the photovoltaic will form. As for the objective of the initiative, Sunwafe seeks to produce 2.5 billion wafers per year by 2030, which will allow you According to the voice of Asturias. The most standardized material. Solar cells They have experienced A radical transformation in recent years. In all this time, the element that dominates the sector remains silicon, since they are The standard in industries. Along the same lines, there are A boom with Perovskitas panelsbut silicon tandem cells are still the most promising for its generalized use. Zero dependencies. Today, China is the undisputed leader of solar energy export, how demonstrates an Ember study. However, this new factory raises a change in the photovoltaic value chain, reducing the dependence of this supplier and others for Spain and, in turn, the European Union, the European Union, According to RTPA. At the moment, the European Union Continue depending In much of China for the manufacture of their renewable energies, but projects like this can open a new path. An impulse for Spain. Although the country managed to close last year with a fee of Total renewable generation of 63.9%the production of materials has not yet settled after the rise of Chinese production. In this way, this new factory will become the third EU factory that will produce silicon wafers, how They have reported in New Spain. This opening in Gijón is a good example of the shy reindustrialization that institutions are looking for. Image | Peellden and Pexels Xataka | While the Portuguese enjoyed sun eclipse, their electrical system had a really bad time

‘It’s a chain strategy’

The queen of the mornings, Ana Rosa Quintana, returns to her post. After several days of rumors, it was the presenter herself who confirmed the news during the live broadcast this Wednesday, January 22 on Telecinco: “I’m going back to the mornings. I found out this morning and it’s a programming strategy of the chain. I have been here for 21 years and I am in favor of helping in any way I can,” he began explaining while the statement published by Mediaset was broadcast on the screen. © GTRES Ana Rosa Quintaba leaves her program, AfternoonARafter just over a year of broadcast, as it should be remembered, which premiered on September 18, 2023. Despite the fact that Mediaset’s star presenter began to captain this ship with great enthusiasm, and which they announced as ‘more research, more climate, more style, more life, more emotions, more humor, more at street level and with more heart’. This is… ‘TardeAR’, Finally, its afternoon journey ends next Monday. © GTRES Information that has caught off guard both the collaborators who were with her at the time on the television set and the rest of the workers at her production company, Unicorn Content, who have found out at the same time as the public. “The network will premiere the twentieth season of Ana Rosa’s program next Monday, February 3 (09:00 a.m.). Telecinco thus remodels its morning slot, which will begin with Ana Terradillos at the head of The Critical Look, will continue with Ana Rosa’s program and will conclude with Joaquín Prat in Let’s see“, the presenter began by reading the header of the press release. © Mediaset Of course, Ana Rosa Quintaba wanted to make it clear, in response to Boris Izaguirre’s question, that the AfternoonARwill continue. “It is a source of pride that the network continues to trust our production company to do the entire morning and then the afternoon. We have to rebuild the morning and the afternoon will continue. Thank God that all the programs continue, as a producer it is a relief because all the jobs continue. Very excited, she continued explaining what this change means to her: “My heart is broken. Here I have discovered a lot of friends, but it is also true that I am reunited with my entire team with whom I have been for 18 years. And then now “We are going to walk because there is room for everything.” “My job is my job, but I also have to support my network. I have always been a morning person and I will continue to get up early,” he continued explaining before his nephew, Kike Quintana, appeared on the set: “What I most like What matters to me is knowing what happens to me. They have plugged me in and seeing where I am going to go,” he said, laughing. © Mediaset “Next Monday, February 3, one of the most emblematic brands of the network will return to the mornings of Telecinco, which during its 18 years on broadcast was a benchmark on the strip: ‘The Ana Rosa Program’. Your presenter, Ana Rosa Quintanait will be put again in front of this mythical magazineproduced in collaboration with Unicorn Content, which from Monday to Friday will address the most relevant issues of the present and that in this new stage it will have nnew sections and collaborators”, reads the press release issued by the Fuencarral network. © GTRES

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