believed

The US believed it had an invincible aircraft carrier. Until Sweden “knocked him down” again and again with a tiny submarine

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Exactly 20 years ago there was a fascinating scene which showed that brute force or dimensions monstrous They are not as fundamental as was believed when it comes to naval warfare. Shortly before that true story, the United States had announced to the four winds its most modern, heaviest and most grandiose nuclear aircraft carrier in history. So they took the most logical step: put it to the test. The exercise that turned out regular. In 2005, during maneuvers off the coast of California, the United States Navy allowed something unusual: Repeatedly engage a small, relatively inexpensive foreign conventional submarine to improve its anti-submarine doctrine. The chosen one was HMS Gotlanda Swedish diesel-electric submarine of just 1,600 tons. The objective was to train the aircraft carrier battle group USS Ronald Reaganone of the most powerful ships in the world, equipped with escorts, anti-submarine helicopters and advanced sensors. What followed it was unexpected: Time and time again, over two years of simulations, the Gotland managed to infiltrate the formation, position itself to fire, and “sink” the carrier without being detected. The result caused concern in Washingtoninterest in Moscow and Beijing, and a profound reassessment of the role of modern diesel submarines in contemporary naval warfare. The Gotland and the silent advantage. Gotland’s success was based on its system Air Independent Propulsion (AIP), specifically a Stirling engine capable of generating energy without needing to take air from outside. This allowed the ship to remain submerged for up to two weeks, maintaining a constant speed and extremely quiet, something that previous diesel versions they could not achieve. While nuclear submarines require cooling systems that generate detectable vibrations and noise, the Gotland could move almost without leaving an acoustic trace. Its hull was covered with materials that decreased sonar reflection, its tower included radar-absorbing materials, and the internal machinery was mounted on rubber shock absorbers to silence vibrations. Furthermore, it had with 27 electromagnets capable of reducing their magnetic signature before specialized sensors. HS Gotland Mobility and stealth. The Gotland maneuverability It was also decisive. Its design with X-shaped rudders and automated control systems allowed sudden changes in course and depth with great precision, making it suitable for operating in shallow coastal waters, where nuclear submarines are most vulnerable. In the context of the maneuvers against USS Ronald Reaganthe Gotland demonstrated that it could approach at great depth, obtain a firing position, and withdraw before American sensors will even detect alterations in the environment. Although in a real combat the aircraft carrier could survive several impacts, the essential fact is that it would have been knocked out of combat, which would change the strategic outcome of any naval operation. The US Ronald Reagan Economic and doctrinal threat. The Gotland cost about 100 million of dollars, which is approximately equivalent to the cost of two embarked F/A-18 aircraft. The USS Ronald Reagan, on the other hand, cost more than 6 billionwithout counting its escort or its air wing. In terms of cost-effectiveness, a relatively affordable submarine demonstrated that could neutralize an asset which represents the core of US naval projection. This revelation resonated especially in China and Russiawhich have since accelerated the development of AIP submarines. Today, China operates multiple submarine variants equipped with Stirling and Russia works on updated versions from the Lada projectwhile countries such as Japan, Germany, France, Israel, India and South Korea also develop or acquire submarines of this type. The challenge is not only technical, but also strategic: a small number of submarines of this type can make it difficult to use aircraft carriers near hostile coastlines, altering the way powers deploy their force. The “no” to diesel in the US. Despite the impact of the exercise, the US Navy decided not to repeat operate diesel submarines. Their reasoning is based on logistics and strategic reach: the United States deploys submarines thousands of miles from their bases, and needs units that can operate for monthspursue targets at long distances and sustain high speeds without the need to recharge batteries. Diesel-AIP submarines are ideal for defending territorial waters or coastal areas, but less suitable for prolonged ocean operations. For this reason, the US Navy has preferred to invest in nuclear submarines and, more recently, in unmanned underwater systems that could complement or replace escort and patrol missions. What the Gotland revealed. The history of HMS Gotland proves that naval supremacy is not guaranteed for size or cost of combat platforms, but for technological adaptation and understanding the strategic environment. Aircraft carriers remain formidable tools for projecting power, but their vulnerability to silent AIP submarines forces rethink doctrinesinvest in advanced detection and reconsider the type of forces used in environments close to enemy coasts. The key lesson was not the symbolic sinking of an aircraft carrier, but the realization that 21st century naval warfare can turn hierarchies upside down that seemed immovable. Those days showed that, in the ocean, silence is worth more than steel, and a small submarine can change the balance of an entire fleet. Image | WikimediaUS Navy In Xataka | The US has detected a naval advantage over China. The catapult of the Beijing aircraft carriers comes with a “factory” failure In Xataka | China has discovered an advantage to win the aircraft carrier race against the US: a “bubble” in its defense

Microsoft believed that the purchase of Activision was a round business. A year later I lost 300 million for ‘Call of Duty’

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The clients of Game Pass They are still trying to recover from the impressive 50% rise of the Ultimate mode rate in the service. A spectacular climb that moves Microsoft’s proposal away from that buffet Economic games of all kinds That once it was, and that he has his clients since then circling a single question: why? And although Microsoft has not yet made anything clear, there are some issues that already have an answer. 300 million. Game Pass had rare He arrived at the service on day onesomething only possible thanks to the purchase of activation by Microsoft. However, it was still extraordinary: ‘Call of Duty’ was, thanks to that acquisition, The most valuable property that Xbox had in its portfolio. And now it was available for all Game Pass users without additional cost. According to Bloombergthe experiment cost Microsoft 300 million dollars. Internal affairs. This movement is the last and most striking of this type that Xbox has given, determined to drown its rivals with strategies that meant a high cost in sales. Bloomberg states That, as seven anonymous informants have told the environment, getting as powerful as powerful as’Forza Horizon 5‘ either ‘Halo infinite‘Internal fractures already supposed due to the important sales that were lost by placing these games available to all Game Pass subscribers. According to The Vergethe discussion about ‘Black Ops 6’ was even greater, and it was not for less. In An interview with Windows CentralBobby Kotick, an Activision Ex-Cecement, already claimed that due to having spent his career in Los Angeles, he had seen with disgust how “large media companies had transferred their contents to these subscription streaming services, which had negatively affected business results.” The story was repeated. It was clear. Ign counted at the time That the movement triggered the subscriptions to Game Pass, as expected, and the ‘Cod’ itself went up: 23% more than the previous delivery, ‘Modern Warfare 3’. But there is an important nuance: 82% of those sales were in PlayStation, in opposition to Xbox and PC. Yes, subscriptions had risen, as expected, but not enough: just 16%. According to The calculations that Kotaku doesto compensate for the 300 million copies of the game that Activision (and therefore, Microsoft) did not sell, it would have needed an impossible: 15 million new monthly subscribers to Game Pass (or 1.25 per year). Drink for pain. Again, according to Kotaku calculations, the remarkable price increase in the Ultimate rate relieves these numbers for Microsoft: it would need 10 million new subscribers to compensate for those losses. Something that, without a doubt, is far from the possibilities of the service, but we get an idea of ​​to what extent the climb was an urgent need for Microsoft. Bloomberg states that Microsoft Amy Hood’s CFO has asked the division of games to find more ways to raise benefits, so new increases are not ruled out at all, inclusion of advertising or limitations in the characteristics of the Tiers cheaper to encourage subscribers to pass to Ultimate. A purchase at all. Everything summarizes well in the statements of the specialized analyst Joost Van Dreunen: “Game Pass has not provided the explosive growth that Microsoft anticipated in the post-Compra of Activision era, and they have realized that their structural costs do not align with their pricing model.” That is, Microsoft foresaw a notable impulse of subscriptions thanks to blows to the table such as the arrival of ‘Black Ops 6’, and it has not been so. Crisis policy is approaching in Microsoft (which, by the way, states that He does not leave his plans to continue in the hardware business) and, without a doubt, it will have an impact on our pocket. In Xataka | The portable Xbox is finally a reality. The only unimportant detail is that it is not exactly an xbox

We believed that the J-20 was Beijing’s great furtive jewel. The new images of the J-50 show that there was something else in development

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“We will strive to achieve the fundamental modernization of national defense and the Armed Forces by 2035, and to make the popular army a World Class Force in all aspects for the middle of this century. ”With these words, Xi Jinping drew in 2017 A military horizon that then sounded ambitious. It could have been in rhetoric, in a gesture designed to dazzle. But in this China the plans are rarely artifice fires: they become state projects, with short and medium term goals conceded into strategies that look forward to decades. And the truth is that a good part of those goals have already begun to materialize. China is not characterized by hurry, although it advances with a speed that surprises. In 2003 he put his first Taikonauta in orbit when the United States and Russia (with the Soviet inheritance in between) accumulated half a century of experience in the space race. Two decades later, Beijing has raised its own orbital infrastructure and a program that does not give brake signals. The same happens on the mainland. In the early 2000s there were no high -speed trains in the country. Today it manages the most extensive network on the planetan example of accelerated transformation. And in defense, which is the focus of this analysis, the jump is equally forceful: Shipyards capable of throwing large -scale ships, aircraft carriers with electromagnetic catapults and last generation combat fighters. J-50, from rumor to the images As Twz collectsthe most clear images have appeared so far from a heavy poacher attributed to Shenyang Aircraft Corporation. In the public conversation it is identified as J-XDs and, unofficially, such as J-50. The material is not verified, but fits with less clear previous shots and does not show obvious indications of manipulation. We see a design without a tail that analysts framed in the next combat generation. J-50 The plane dispenses with tail surfaces, presents tilting pales that appear deflecting down and mounts 2D nozzles with vector thrust and folded bordering. The nose is long, of diamond geometry. Air shots are trapezoidal and adopt a DSI scheme. Under the nose a fairing appears for the electro-optical system and the cabin is a car. Today we do not know if the photographed is a technological demonstrator or a configuration closer to production. There are also no confirmed data on definitive sensor packagepropulsion or calendar. As a context, in parallel there have been advances of the J-20s Biplaza and the J-35 Naval. The focus, in any case, is in this design without a tail that suggests a parallel development to that of J-20. J-20s The photographs provide form, but leave unanswered key issues. It is unknown which propeller equips the plane, what will be its sensor configuration, what communications or electronic warfare systems and what arsenal is planned for him. In any case, EJ-50 becomes the clearest sample that Beijing is willing to experiment with radical concepts in military aviation. A design without a tail, with mobile wounds and vector nozzles, involves entering a land that few have dared to explore. The unknown is how much of what we see corresponds to an isolated prototype and how much is part of a long -distance program. What seems out of doubt is that China wants to position yourself at the forefront of the next generation of poachers. Images | RUPPRECHTDEINO In Xataka | The US has a message for those who turned their backs on F-35: now it will fly alone with its own drone army

We always believed that the light guns fired invisible rays, but the reality is the opposite: it was the TV that shot

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Recognize it: if you are old enough to have played withA Light GunFor a while you thought that this gadget worked by firing rays of invisible light that television detected. Was it the position of the gun? The distance? Did the glass of the screen really knew when the goal was in front? Actually the solution was much simpler and ingenious. The light ray is in reverse: the gun is the receiver. Guns of what. First, let’s remember the history of the device: the light guns in video games began to appear in the thirties in mechanical arcades and evolved towards electronic video games in the 1970s and 1980s. Nintendo already experimented with early versions with its video shooting series for famicom in 1984, whose gun was not futuristic, but it seemed like a western revolver With the theme of the game. Nintendo arrives. The device of this most popular type was Nintendo Zapper for Nespossibly because he was accompanied by one of the most iconic games of the genre, ‘Duck hunt’. The Zapper was already tumbos since 1984 with the version for Famicom, but in 1985 it became the Zapper of NES and left in the United States with the science fiction design we know, automatically becoming a pop icon. In 1988 it was redesigned with bright colors to resemble even less to a real weapon and comply with the legislation. There were up to 17 official games for Zapper. In Xataka This genius has transformed the ZNA Zapper is an incredible laser ray gun But … how did it work? Actually the Zapper and the rest of the light guns of the time were not emitters, but light receptors. The process that followed to work was: when the player clenched a trigger, the screen turned black during a Frame. In the following, the objects to which they have to become white blocks, and the rest remains black. The human eye can barely distinguish this pair of Frames Inside the gun was a light sensor that detected if the area to which it was aimed had changed to Blanco. The game determined what objective had been “shot” according to the time in which this white block appeared, since each white objective was sequentially shown in a different frame. And of course, if the sensor detected the white light inside the expected interval, the shot was counted as a success. Only for old people. The ingenious method only worked on CRT screens, as technology depended completely on the speed and characteristics (on the shortcomings, let’s go) on the soda speed of the cathodic tube. On LCD screens, plasmas and other modernities, the delay changes, and so does the soda technology. What makes ancient games “rare” on modern televisions is also what prevents the gun sensor from correctly capturing the light and location of whites. {“Videid”: “X9HMC3A”, “Autoplay”: False, “Title”: “Nes Mini, Review and Spanish analysis”, “Tag”: “”, “Duration”: “250”} More guns. Then, especially in the field of recreational, more sophisticated guns arrived, such as ‘Operation Wolf’, which was actually a command that determined where it pointed according to the position of the gun, fixed in the machine of the machine (a method as ingenious as that of the Zapper, playing with what the player who is happening is believed). And then they arrived, in fact they do in machines that remain in operation, increasingly sophisticated systems, and that use infrared sensors or cameras to determine where the player points out. But the adorable imagination and naivety of the Zapper give him a unique personality. In Xataka | The Nintendo PlayStation exists: this is the history of the hybrid console that never reached the market (Function () {Window._js_modules = Window._js_modules || {}; var headelement = document.getelegsbytagname (‘head’) (0); if (_js_modules.instagram) {var instagramscript = Document.Createlement (‘script’); }}) (); – The news We always believed that the light guns fired invisible rays, but the reality is the opposite: it was the TV that shot It was originally posted in Xataka by John Tones .

We believed that Nvidia was the company that had benefited most from AI. Micron is ridiculous

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Micron is at historical maximums in Nasdaq, and rightly. The American manufacturer is taking a lot of benefit from the FEVER through the AI ​​and the data centers. The demand for memory chips is growing extraordinarily, but that has two faces. A good for micron, and another bad for customers and consumers. They all love micron. Citigroup analysts They promoted these days Micron’s target price from $ 150 to 175. The reason: according to its data, the company will have financial results “much better than consensus” when these are presented on September 23. Micron is doing so well that it even exceeds the growth of Nvidia. Source: Bloomberg The chips devastate. Yeah A week ago The shares were around $ 125, yesterday they closed at $ 150 and before market openings that figure is $ 155. This year the value has already grown by 81%, exceeding 33%Nvidia growth, although it is also true that the company led by Jensen Huang grew especially in 2024 (approximately 170%). Other companies such as Broadcom (55%), SK Hynix (91.88%in the South Korean bag), or TSMC (31%) also show an outstanding growth in the bags. Micron’s “Compute Networking” division is the one corresponding to the data centers. As can be seen, sales in that segment are already more than half of all of the last quarter. Source: Paul/Note. The commitment to HBM memories goes well. Micron has dedicated many resources to boost the manufacture of HBM memories, used precisely in the accelerators (GPUS) that are used in data centers. Independent analysis confirm the increasing weight of both these memoirs and the AI ​​segment in the micron business Micron will raise prices. According to Citi analysts, workloads for the inference of AI need more DRAM and NAND memories, and demand is spectacularly. The problem is that this demand will overcome the supply, and Micron will take advantage of the occasion to do something logical (for her): upload prices. Up to 30%. This is what it indicates Trendforce And also Some media In China, according to which Micron has notified its distribution channel partners today that the prices of their storage products will rise between 20% and 30%. In fact, the quotes of the DDR4, DDR5, LPDDR4 and LPDDR5 memories have been suspended among others: “All prices agreed with customers will be canceled and the quotes will be suspended. All products are expected to stop quoting for a week. “That involves not only industrial and consumer memories, and the chips for the automotive industry will rise in price by 70%. Sandisk and TSMC have already announced up. Both TSMC and Sandisk announced Price increases For memory chips in the past days. That will affect its great clients –apple, Nvidia, among others – and as indicated In Techpowerup It is a clear confirmation that manufacturers want to maintain their gross margins. In Sandisk there have been 10% prices due to the “growing demand” of the AI ​​market, data centers and mobile devices. At the moment, they indicate In Trendforcethat climb has encountered resistance from customers. In Xataka | Intel’s recent history is that of a failure. Now he has found a niche from which to resurface: HBM memories

We believed that the iPhone 17 and the Air shone by cameras and design. We have just discovered that they hide an exclusive security function

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For a long time we have lived with the illusion that there are impenetrable computer systems. The reality is less resounding: in security, everything is reduced to how much effort, time and resources it requires to force a lock. Just as it is not the same to open the door of the house as the vault of a bank, in the digital world There are more or less resistant barriers and unexpected shortcuts that avoid brute force. The objective of the defense is not perfection, but to raise the toll to break it is impracticable. From there, the risk never disappears, it is managed. With that practical look, Apple has been adding layers to make every step of the attacker more and reduce its maneuvering margin. According to the Cupertino companythe most sophisticated exploitation chains that have observed against iOS come from the mercenary spyware and rely on memory vulnerabilities. Although they do not explicitly mention it, they surely refer to threats such as Pegasus of the company NSO. And the answer they have raised is a new piece in that wall: a reinforcement that integrates hardware and system to monitor the integrity of memory and cut overwhelms or undue accesses before they thrive. Memory Integrity Enforcement on iPhone 17 and iPhone Air Apple has presented Memory Integrity Enforcement (Mie) as part of the new iPhone 17, iPhone 17 Pro and Pro Max and iPhone Airan integrated memory defense directly in its hardware and operating system. This development is the result of five years of joint work among their teams of Chips and Software Engineeringwith the aim of drastically raising the cost and complexity of attacks based on memory corruption. Mie promises to act continuously and transparently, covering critical areas such as kernel and more than 70 processes in user space, all this without compromising energy consumption and device performance. The Miene nucleus combines several layers that work in a coordinated manner to reinforce security. The typated memory assigners are systems that organize the data according to their type, as if each object class had a specific drawer. This organization makes it more difficult than an error in a program allows one data to overwrite another. If a failure occurs, the system can detect it before it becomes an attack. On this basis acts the Enhanced Memory Tagging Extension (EMTE), a hardware technology that adds an extra layer of memory control. Emte works by assigning a “secret label” to each memory block. Every time an app or the system wants to access it, you must present the correct label; If it does not coincide, Hardware blocks attempt And the system can close the process. This permanent and synchronized check allows to detect and stop classic attacks such as buffer overflows or use after release (USE-AFTER-FREE), which are usual techniques to take control of a device. The allocators protect the use of large -scale memory, while EMTE provides precision to the smallest blocks, where the software itself does not respond with the same effectiveness. This permanent and synchronized check allows to detect and stop classic attacks such as buffer overflows The bet responds to a landscape of threats where the highest levels against iOS are faces, complex and directed, historically associated with state actors. These chains usually share a common denominator: they exploit interchangeable memory vulnerabilities that have been present throughout the industry. The intention of Mie is cutting the progression in early stages, when the attacker still has little room and depends on chaining multiple fragile steps to gain control. Apple graph showing real exploitation chains and the points where it blocks them The scope of protection includes kernel and extends to key system processes that are usually entry objectives. In addition, Apple makes available to developers the possibility of testing and integrating these defenses through the Enhanced Security option in Xcode, including EMTE capabilities in compatible hardware. That is especially relevant to applications where a user can be direct objective, as messaging or social networkswhich often appear at the beginning of the exploitation chains. To sustain the labeling and synchronous check -up without perceptible impact, Apple redesigned the A19 and A19 Pro allocating CPU area, CPU speed and memory for label storage. The company precisely modeled where and how to deploy emte, so that the hardware meets the demand for checks. The software, on the other hand, takes advantage of the assignments typated to raise the bar of protection against memory corruption, while the hardware assumes fine verification. As we point out above, this should maintain the expected experience in performance and autonomy. The project was evaluated with its offensive research team from 2020 to 2025. First with conceptual exercises, then with practical attacks in simulated environments and, finally, on hardware prototypes. This prolonged collaboration allowed to identify and close complete exploitation strategies Before launch. According to Apple, even trying to rebuild known real chains, they failed to restore them reliably against Mie, because too many steps were neutralized at the base. Even so, Apple remembers that perfect security does not exist. Very rare cases could survive, such as certain overflows within the same allocation. For previous generations without EMTE support, the company promises to continue expanding software -based improvements and safe memory allocatives, with the aim of bringing part of these benefits to previous devices without affecting its stability. Ultimately, Mie does not eliminate riskbut it does redraw the rules of the game by raising the cost and difficulty of memory corruption techniques. For those who buy an iPhone 17 or an iPhone Air, this translates into always active protection and, according to Apple, invisible for the user. Images | Xataka with Gemini 2.5 In Xataka | Or pay or we will use your works to train AI: the threat of hackers to an artist website In Xataka | How to change all our passwords according to three cybersecurity experts

We believed that the end of Windows 10 support would be a nightmare for Microsoft. There are those who point out that it will be a gold mine

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Windows 10 He has already marked in red on October 14, 2025, day you will stop receiving updates If you don’t hire The ESU Plan. For Microsoft, what seemed like a problem is Also a business. An analysis firm estimates that the program could leave billions of dollars only in the corporate sector. Before the imminent end of Windows 10 support, the company insists that the best option is to update to Windows 11buy new equipment or use Windows 365 to access the cloud system. The change will affect both companies and individuals, who will have to decide how to continue. ESU: The proposal for Windows 10 and reinforces Microsoft accounts ESU is the official Microsoft offer for those who cannot leave Windows 10 in 2025. In exchange for an annual subscription, the teams receive only critical and important security updates. There is no standard technical support or new functions. The requirement is clear: to have version 22H2 installed. Microsoft describes it as a temporary continuity tool, not as a substitute for migration to Windows 11. The ESU business scheme is designed as a price ladder: $ 61 per device the first year, 122 the second and 244 the third, always with a three -year limit. Microsoft clarifies that The subscription is cumulative: Entering later does not reduce the cost. Access will be managed by volume licenses and activation keys will only be operational after October 14, 2025, the end of the free Windows 10 support. For private users, Microsoft has raised a different approach: a unique quota of 30 dollars to access security updates for 12 months, with alternative options for not paying. It will be possible to activate ESU by redeeming 1,000 Microsoft Rewards points or using the Windows Backup application to make a backupwhich will unlock access without cost. Microsoft indicates that it will be enabled soon. According to Windows Centralwhich cites a detailed analysis of Nexthink, Microsoft could enter until 7,300 million dollars Only in the business segment thanks to ESU. The consultant starts from the official Microsoft data, which in July 2025 estimated at more than 1.4 billion the PC World Park with Windows. Of that total, it is estimated that around 30% corresponds to public and private organizations, which is equivalent to about 420 million devices. The report also projects that, even with the impulse of Windows 11, about 121 million equipment will continue to run with Windows 10 after October 14, 2025. With the cumulative cost of the program, which doubles the price every year for a maximum of three periods, this user base would generate significant income. They are independent calculations that illustrate ESU’s economic potential, but Microsoft has not confirmed or commented on these figures. Nexthink figures draw a billionaire business, but reality is yet to be seen: we will have to wait to check how many companies and users pay for prolonging Windows 10. until you install Linuxchange Mac or move to a Chromebook. There is also the possibility of renewing equipment and moving on to Windows 11. Images | Windows | Arnav Singhal In Xataka | Send files among all my devices was a roll. Then I found this free application, Open Source and Multiplatform

The earth does not have as much space as we believed

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For years, the carbon capture and storage (CAC or CCS) has been One of the great technological promises in the Fight against climate change. The idea is simple: if we can’t stop issuing co₂, It can be captured from the air and bury it safely in deep geological formations. But this ‘plan B’ is beginning to lose meaning. What was thought. We have always taken for granted that the ‘warehouse’ we had had in mind was practically infinite to store all what we would like. Estimates talked about A capacity of between 10,000 and 40,000 gigatons of CO₂that would allow us to ‘live’ calm without having to reduce our emissions overnight. What is the problem. A new and devastating study Made by an international team of scientists, everyone has come to give us all: the warehouse is much smaller and has very strict conditions when using it. The new figure, which the authors have defined as a ‘prudent planetary limit’ is 1,460 gigatons of CO₂. This is almost an order of magnitude lower than the most optimistic estimates that were on the table. It is like discovering that the hard drive that was believed to be 40 terabytes, actually only has 1.5 tenderlast of useful storage. How they know. To reach this conclusion, the researchers did not limit themselves to calculating the total volume of The sedimentary basins of the planet. Instead, they did what no one had done on this scale: apply a series of risk and exclusion filters based on prudence and damage prevention. They created the most detailed map to the date where the CO₂ should not be stored. “Peros” that reduce capacity. In the investigation, experts pointed to different reasons to be able to remove storage capacity to our planet. These can be summarized at the following points: Seismic risk: All areas with moderate or high seismic activity have been ruled out, since injecting High pressure here can reactivate geological failures that cause earthquakes. Protected and Polar Areas: Attending to international agreements such as Kunming-Montreal, all natural parks, biosphere reserves and environmentally sensitive areas are excluded. Cercanías to the cities: to protect human health and avoid contamination of aquifers, an exclusion zone of 25 km around urban areas was established, since a CO₂ leak could acidify drinking water. Ocean depth: current offshore extraction technology is concentrated in relatively shallow waters. The study establishes a practical limit of 300 meters in marine depth, since going further shoots costs and risks, as the Deepwater Horizon disaster recalled. International borders: storing carbon under the territory of another country is a legal and political mines field. The study assumes that cross -border accounts would be, in practice, very difficult to use without complexes and, today, non -existent international agreements. A finite and precious resource. The main conclusion reached by the study is that geological storage is not unlimited. It is a finite resource, Like oil or lithium, and must be managed with an intergenerational vision. It is, as the authors say, a “savings account” that belongs to this and the future generations. Right now it is used to mitigate current emissions and continue to burn fossil fuels, and also reverse global warming, since when storing this gas the objective is to lower the temperature of the planet in general. But the conflict is evident: each ton we use today for the first objective is a ton less than future generations will have for their time. There is a limit. Perhaps the most shocking data of the study is this: if we dedicate the totality of this prudent limit of 1,460 gigatons exclusively to eliminate carbon from the atmosphere, we could only reduce the global temperature by a maximum of 0.7 ºC. This puts a very real stop to the popular ‘overshoot’ strategies that trust that We can exceed 1.5 ° C limit and then ‘cool’ the planet with mass capture technologies. This study tells us that our ability to back down is, at best, very limited. The urgency of reducing emissions is multiplied. If we cannot rely on a massive cleanliness, the only safe way to reduce emissions drastically and urgently, we have a problem. The study shows that, to the current rhythm, many climatic scenarios would exhaust this storage budget before the year 2200, leaving future generations without tools to manage the climate. Rich and poor in storage. The analysis also reveals a new geopolitical panorama with clear ‘winners’ and ‘losers’ in this race. Winners are countries such as Russia, the United States, China, Brazil and Australia that retain great alonance potential even after applying all risk filters. At the other extremes we have the countries ‘poor in storage’ such as those belonging to the European, Indian or Norway Union, which see their potential drastically reduced. This means that, to meet their objectives, they could have to depend on other countries to store the captured CO₂, creating new economic and logistics units. A blow of reality. This study does not mean that carbon capture is useless. It will continue to be a crucial technology to decarbonize industries such as cement or steel. Which means that it is not the panacea that some expected. It is not an excuse to delay climatic action. It is a forceful reminder that there are no magical technological solutions that exempt us from the hardest and urgent task: stop emitting greenhouse gases. Images | Peter Burdon In Xataka | I have measured the CO2 of my office for weeks. And now religiously vento every hour and a half

We believed that the most complicated summer of F-35 had ended. Until his software made him kamikaze on the Arctic

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In mid-August it seemed frankly difficult for something more to the brand new F-35 of Lockheed Martin. After the plane stranded for a month In India, the reverse from Spain to an order (to which they have added other countries), and A second breakdown Of a hunt, this time in Japan, the quota of fatalities seemed complete. Until a report has appeared that calls for the plane and its sophisticated software. An accident and its causes. Now we know that on January 28, 2025 an F-35a of the United States Air Force, assigned to the 354th combat wing at the base of Eielson (Alaska), He crashed After taking off in training mission as part of a group of four aircraft. He Official Report of the Pacific Air Forces revealed that the main cause was the fluid freezing Hydraulic contaminated with water in the shock absorbers of the landing train, which prevented the complete extension of the struts and caused that the weight sensors on wheels on wheels They will erroneously interpret That the plane was on the ground while still flewing. Kamikaze mode. This false signal automatically activated the “on-aund” control mode in full flight, the aircraft becoming uncontrollable. Luckily, the pilot managed to eject and survived with minor injuries, but the plane, valued in 196.5 million dollarsit was completely lost. Emergency in flight. The problem was immediately manifested: the front train was misaligned at 17 degrees and could not retract. After radio consultations with engineers from Lockheed Martin and a flight supervisor, the pilot tried for almost an hour Reactivate the wheel using two “touch-And-go” maneuvers. However, the ice also blocked the main trains, and at the second attempt the sensors indicated that the aircraft had landed. What happened then? That the system automatically changed to Operation mode on landdrastically reducing the control capacity. The pilot, nicknamed in The “MP” reportmanaged to eject just before the hunt went into loss and fell into chopped. The device came to rise more than 1,000 meters after the ejection, and then rush vertically, in the sequence recorded in a video that went viral. Technical and maintenance factors. The investigation He explained that the ice in the struts, added to the bad alignment of the front -train blocking hook, damaged metal components and prevented the correct system coupling. In addition, and very important, the Wow sensors (Critics in the F-35 Flight Control Logic, known as Claws) showed vulnerability in extreme cold conditions, something that Lockheed Martin already He had warned In previous maintenance bulletins. In other words, the ice “cheated” to the software. The report Underline that water pollution in hydraulic fluids derived from poor management of hazardous materials and breaches in service protocols. These negligence, together with decision -making during the emergency, were considered contributing factors to the accident. Implications and lessons. No doubt, the case has highlighted the complexity inherent in the high F-35 automationwhere a sensor failure can trigger waterfall reactions in the control software. Although nine days later another F-35A was able to land with a similar problem in the train without consequences, the Research Board stressed that, with the available information, the safest option would have been to order an immediate landing or a controlled ejection instead of risking a second attempt to maneuver. Although the report did not issue recommendations Formal policy changes, did highlight the need to reinforce compliance with maintenance protocols, supervision of fluid use and preparation for operations in Arctic environments. Strategic repercussions. In short, the accident, Without fatalitieshighlights the challenges of operating fifth generation fighters in extreme conditions such as Alaska, where temperatures close to –17 ºC can aggravate technical vulnerabilities. Not just that. It also offers a warning to future operators in cold climates, Like Canada and Finlandwhich must consider the reliability of the sensors and the resilience of the control systems in hostile environments. Beyond the technical, the event illustrates how the sophistication of the F-35, with its dependence on algorithms and automation, can become a risk factor in unforeseen emergenciesforcing to rethink the balance between human control and software in new generation military aircraft. Image | US AIR National Guard/Tech. Sgt. Adam Keele In Xataka | It is being a complicated summer for the US F-35: after the “no” of Spain Russia and China have appeared to do more damage In Xataka | A group of countries is being formed after the decision of Spain: those that are closing the door to the US F-35

Physicists believed that the neglect was a useless particle. Now they suspect that it is the key to universal quantum computers

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Experts Quantum computing with those who have had the opportunity to speak, such as Spanish physicists Ignacio Cirac either Juan José García RipollThey argue that quantum computers will be able to make great contributions when they are capable of amend your own mistakes. The main problem they face in this area is noise, understood as the disturbances that can alter the internal state of the cubits and introduce calculation errors. The strategy for which many of the research groups that are involved in the development of quantum computers are opting for monitoring the operations carried out by the cubits to identify real -time errors and correct them. The problem is that from a practical point of view This strategy is very challenging. Logical cubits represent a way to overcome the difficulty involved in the use of hardware or physical cubits, which are extremely noise sensitive, and, therefore, prone to make mistakes. Each logical cubit is constructed abstractly on several physical or hardware cubits, so that a single logical cubit encodes a single cubit of quantum information, but with redundancy. It is precisely this redundancy that allows to detect and correct the errors that are present in the physical cubits. Anyway, the researchers will have one more tool to deal with the errors of quantum computers. It can even be the most powerful resource that they currently have at your fingertips: the Neglectón. Universal quantum computers are one step closer One of the most promising research fields in this area is topological quantum computing. Its purpose is to protect the delicate quantum information that the cubits work coding it in the geometric properties of exotic particles known as ISING anions. An important note before moving forward: in condensed physics an anion is not the same as in chemistry. In fact, Ising’s anions are quasiparticles that, in theory, arise in some two -dimensional materials. Its existence has not yet been demonstrated experimentally, so they are a theoretical result at the moment. It seems a complicated concept, and it is, but in this article we do not need to deepen much more. What we do need is that Ising’s anions They are presumably much more robustand, therefore, resistant to errors that traditional cubits. In practice this implies that moving some anions around others in a specific way should allow researchers to carry out logical operations with them. This is the reason why they are so attractive in quantum computing. And, in addition, they have another great advantage: this configuration is largely immune to external noise. Ising’s anions are quasiparticles that, in theory, arise in some two -dimensional materials Currently, Ising’s anions are thoroughly investigating in the condensed matter laboratories of the entire planet because they are one of the main candidates to participate in the construction of universal quantum computers, and, therefore, immune to errors. Aaron Lauda, ​​professor of mathematics, physics and astronomy at the University of Southern California (USA), Holds the following: “By themselves, Ising’s anions cannot perform all the necessary operations for a general purpose quantum computer. The calculations they support are based on the ‘braided’ (branding), And they require physically moving anions around each other To carry out quantum logic. For Ising’s anions, this braided only allows a limited set of operations known as Clifford doors, which fall short with respect to all the power required for universal quantum computing. “ Fortunately, the research team led by Lauda has found a way to transform ISING anions into universal structures that are capable of performing any quantum calculation through braided. Its solution for the moment is only theoretical, but its potential is enormous. The surprising thing is that what they propose is to resort to a new type of anion known as Neglectón that was initially discarded when it was “discovered” in the theoretical framework. In fact, Neglelectón has gone from being a mathematical waste to be the new hope of quantum computers. In theory when combining Ising’s anions and neglect, universal quantum computing will be possible through braided. According to Aaron Lauda Only one neglect is needed because it remains in the stationary or static state while the calculations are carried out by braiding Ising anions around them. It is a surprising conclusion. One last note to conclude: The neglect is not a fundamental particlesuch as the electron or the quark; It is a theoretical quasiparticle that arises from the collective behavior of many other particles in a two -dimensional system. Let us trust that it is consolidated as the definitive tool that will allow researchers to carry quantum computing from theory to practice in a robust and efficient way. Image | IBM More information | Science Daily In Xataka | Bitcoin encryption and other cryptocurrencies will fall. And those responsible will be quantum computers

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