believed

Our computers are literally full, the problem is that it is almost impossible to extract it. Or we believed

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Gold is one of the metals with better electrical conductivity. For this reason, it is used in many electronic components, mainly in computers, but also in smartphones or sound systems. The problem is that extracting it from these pieces is very complicated and the cost it means does not compensate. Or we believed. Swiss researchers They have created a method to extract precious metal from a serum protein. Find gold in the trash. The components where gold is used most They are the PCB or printed circuit plates that we find in all types of devices, from computers to smartphones. It can also be found in processors, connectors and HDD hard drives. The problem, as we said, is that the existing methods to extract this metal are very complex and expensive. In addition, it is often necessary to use very toxic chemical components, although that does not stop that many Try it in your own houses. For all this, it is often not worth the effort to the small amounts that are extracted. The extraction process. Whey protein. Researchers at the Federal Polytechnic School of Zurich have managed to extract gold with a new more efficient, sustainable and cheap method. As? With serum protein ‘whey’ (yes, the Gym shakes). To do this, they submitted proteins to acidic conditions and high temperatures. These form nanofibers that are added to a gel and, after drying, forms a kind of sponge. It is not the first time we hear that Whey protein is used for similar purposes. A few months ago China managed to recycle the electric car batteries thanks to the glycine present in these shakes. Who was going to tell us that in addition to getting strong, it would serve to extract gold or recycle batteries. The method. The researchers used 20 computer base plates, from which they extracted all metal parts and dissolved them in an acid bath that ionized the metals. The next step was to submerge the sponge in the solution. Although there are other metals that adhere to the fibers that form it, the researchers discovered that gold ions adhere much better. Once “captured”, the sponge is heated and the ions are released and can melt to create a gold peep. Cheaper. The 20 motherboards resulted in a 450 milligrams gold cupcake with 91% purity (the remaining 9% was copper), or what is the same: 22 korates. At the current price of gold, La Pepita would have a value of about 35 euros. It is not much, but the researchers affirm that the cost of the materials and energy necessary for extraction is 50 times less than that of gold obtained. The next step is to climb this technology to be able to apply it to the market. Images | Eth zurich In Xataka | Our dependence on lithium batteries is worrying. These are the alternatives that aspire to replace them

We have found tools 300,000 years ago in China. And they put up legs what we believed on the paleodieta

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Imagining humans diet of tens of thousands of years is to think, almost automatically, in the Paleodieta. For years we think that ‘paleo diet’ consisted of Eat, above all, meatbut more and more studies have put on the table that our ancestors They were not as carnivorous as we thought. And, from time to time, tools appear that support that Vegetable diet in antiquity. The last? Chinese tools with at least 300,000 years old. The discovery. In an article published in Scienceresearchers detail a series of 35 wood tools found at the Gantangqing archaeological site, located in southwest China. Using methods such as Electronic spin resonance On sediment minerals attached to tools, researchers have been able to date with a 95% confidence this set of tools in a segment between 250,000 and 361,000 years. This collection includes Tools of all kindsas large sticks to dig two hands, hooks and some smaller supplies, and researchers detail that they all have clear manufacturing marks such as rounded ends, more sharp parts and other polished surfaces. Collectors. The hunt was present at the time and was of great importance, obviously, but we have already commented that there is more and more evidence about the relevance of the collection and the Vegetable diet before the agriculture. The estimate is that these tools did not serve for hunting, but to process plant foods. The analysis of both the waste that presents the tools and the use brands indicate that they were designed to excavate and collect grounds and tubers and roots. Hook -shaped tools, for example, could have served to cut the smallest roots and tools to clean vegetables in a precise way. Contrast. Almost as interesting as the tools themselves is precisely that collecting purpose. The reason is that in Western Eurasia and in Africa they had already been found Wooden tools Of that age, but the enormous difference is that most tools were hunting while the Gantangqing repertoire, apart from more diverse, specializes in that plant collection. Importance beyond diet. Although they are tools of the last years of the Paleolithic inferior in which rock tools were more than established, but there was the hypothesis that, in East Asia the rocks were less abundant than in other regions and populations depended largely on organic tools. And that need forced the elaboration of the tools made from wood. And, above all, the discovery puts on the table that cognitive abilities of the population of Southeast Asia and its ability to create advanced tools was comparable to that of European and African contemporaries. In the end, it is always curious to verify how a “simple” discovery, as a tool of tens of thousands of years ago, allows to establish a connection with the diet of that population, their skills compared to those of other areas and how they raffled difficulties to continue advancing. And also how the stone that We always associate the Paleolithic He was not the only protagonist in the technological evolution of the species. In Xataka | About 3 million years ago our ancestors already used tools that they themselves manufactured

Elon Musk has updated Grok to look so much to him that AI is having hallucinations: Elon Musk is believed

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“Rip al Grok Woke has been an honor,” he said This user in X. The chatbot of X has had a somewhat movidito weekend after Musk will announce a significant improvement. Shortly after, Grok began to give some strange answers: messages feeding conspiracy theories, anti -Semitic comments and even began to respond in the first person as if it were Elon Musk himself. Anti-Woke. Musk did not give details about Grok’s update, he just said that “you should notice a difference when you ask Grok”, and go if he noticed. The message that caused the most He was one in which Grok spoke of Hollywood’s “ideological prejudices” as “stereotypes against whites”, ensuring that “ruins magic.” When users continued asking him, Jewish executives came to blame to promote these “anti-transitional” policies. In the same thread, a user asked directly if Elon had altered the code to make him less “woke” and more “like him”, to which Grok replied No, but is “designed by XAI to prioritize the truth about the Wokism” Canallita. Apart from his political bias, the new Grok seems to have instructions to use a more “scoundrel” tone in his answers, even attacking users. A clear example is the exchange that Grok maintained with This Chelsea fan. The user asked how FC Barcelona was going to pay the fine imposed by UEFA and the Bot released a ‘Zasca’ stating that Chelsea’s fine is bigger. No one happy. Although many of the criticism come from the progressive side, the truth is that Grok has nothing happy to conservatives. In another message, Grok said Donald Trump’s cuts They were the culprits of the deaths that occurred in Texas After the recent floods. In the answers they told him that this was false since these cuts would not take effect until 2026, but Grok continued to defend his position. The result is that no one is happy with Grok, on the one hand They accuse him of being of the extreme right And on the other of being Too much left. Are you, Elon? Whatever the content of the update, For many users It is clear that the intention is to create a more aligned Grok with the opinions of its creator. In fact, he had a kind of identity crisis when asked if Elon Musk had been at Jeffrey Epstein’s house. The message has been deleted, but there are screenshots. In it, Grok responded in the first personas if it were Musk itself. When users caught his attention, he denied it sharply, coming to say that the screenshot they showed him It was manipulated. Finally recognized him and apologized for your mistake. Educating Grok. From the Twitter purchase and its transformation into Propaganda toolMusk has proclaimed a Absolutist of Freedom of Expression. With the arrival of Grok, which in the words of Musk himself is The first politically incorrect thing that always tells the truthwe have seen how his toy rebelled against his master, coming to say that Musk was “The biggest misinformation spreader”. Since then they have been refining the answers and with Grok 3, it was learned that The chatbot had been instructed not to mention Trump or Musk. This last update also seems to go in this address: align Grok’s responses with the tone that Musk usually uses, almost as if he were educating him. A lot of potential. Apart from the controversies that seem to wrap everything Musk touches, the launch of Grok 3 surprised us for his intelligence and speedreaching at the height of its competitors in many ways, although still It is still behind. Grok’s greatest asset lies in its integration into X. Since its arrival, Grok has become a kind of FACT-CHECKER For many users. Asking Grok has already become very common in X, the problem is that it still does not be reliable. We already saw it During the conflict between Iran and Israel And, with these updates of clear ideological background, it does not seem that improving reliability is in their plans. Image | DVIDS | XAI In Xataka | There are cybercriminals selling models of unbilters. The surprising thing is that they seem to be based on Grok and Mixtral

Many clients are no longer believed that who is attending to them is not an AI

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Customer service is one of the most susceptible departments of being replaced by AI agents, such and As we have seen In recent months. Although the experiment They have not gone quite well To some of them, other companies keep their chatbots as the first line of attention of their customers. Such and as they counted in Bloombergthat is generating an unusual situation when those who attend to customers are human of flesh and blood: they confuse them With an AI and are forced to constantly demonstrate that they are real people. AI in the call-centers. Although the recent movements of the great technological ones pointed out that the customer service departments were going to be the first to notice the Impact of AI on employmentthe truth is that, According to data From the Gartner consultant, 95% of the companies surveyed intended to keep their human operators on the payroll. Others, however, yes They are depositing their trust in chatbots -based call centers to serve their customers. That does not mean that AI and systems of Natural language processing (PLN) are not used in marketing campaigns. That has made customers doubt whether who attends them are really human operators. “I tell you: ‘I swear, I’m a real person,” he said Bloomberg Lindsey, an operator dedicated to customer service and sales of American express credit cards. “I even ask them: ‘Is there anything they want to say to prove that I am a real person?” We no longer know what is true. In many cases, the AI ​​does not replace the operator in its role as final customer service, but acts as technology to redirect calls, so, when they reach the human operator, the client has already had to deal with an AI. Lindsey says that sometimes the clients ask “you are an AI?” Other times, they simply start shouting for talking to an operator or hanging directly. Nir Eisikovits, Professor of Philosophy and director of the Applied Ethics Center at Massachusetts University, He pointed outin The conversation that the current ability to talk about AI models is only an advance of the efforts of companies that develop that Technology to imitate humans in the rhythm or tone of the voices. “The inability to distinguish whether you are talking to a human or not only will go more,” making it much more complicated to distinguish if a client is Talking to an AI or with a real human. Sales scripts do not help. Sales techniques used by human operators do not help when distinguishing them from an AI. The call centers sector has evolved a lot From its birth In the 60s. Now the operators are monitored to control the conversation time and ensure that sellers follow a certain scripted structure For the entire sales process. In that script it is indicated from the tone in which they must go to the client, lists of words of obligatory use or prohibited, etc. All this cornering in communication, with predefined responses and protocols, does not help the client to distinguish whether there is a person or an AI on the other side. “It seems to me a compliment that I think I am professional enough to sound like a recording,” said BJ, a computer support agent. For his part, Seth, Lindsey’s partner offering American Express services, said that at least they ask if it’s an AI once a week. On one occasion, a client was questioning it for 20 minutes To check if it was an AIasking him about his hobbies, if he liked to fish in his free time and what kind of cane he used “it was as if he wanted to see if he failed. At a certain moment, I even felt that it was an AI tried to learn to be human,” said the telephone operator. What makes us human. The sense of humor is perceived as a feature intrinsically human, closely linked to intelligenceto the social context and the domain of language inflections to fit their meaning in a joke or joke. Therefore, humor is a resource that some operators use to confirm that they are human. Faith Lau, who works in an AI sales company in Canada, said that the first time they confused her with a bot she answered telling the customer’s joke. What his client did not know is that an AI is also Able to count jokes. Sarah’s strategy, which works in the US government anti -fraud, is much more visceral. “When I interact with an AI, it simply lets me speak, it does not interrupt me,” says the operator, for that reason when someone asks him to show that he is human, he tries to interrupt everything he can when they insist that he is not human. Certainly, There is nothing more human Someone interrupts you while you talk. In Xataka | We have tried Sesame’s conversational. It is the experience closest to a “human voice” that we have seen Image | Unspash (VAGARO)

Astronomers have been theorizing about “planets kamikaze.” They just found one and is 100 times more violent than it was believed

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We already know A good handful of exoplanetsbut astronomers of the European Space Agency have just added a fascinating category to the catalog of strange worlds. The Kamikaze planets. Using the Cheops space telescope, The first exoplature observatory of EuropeESA researchers have first observed a planet that causes flares in their own star, a suicidal custom that will end up sealing their own destiny. The “Kamikaze planets” are actually a phenomenon of cosmic self -destruction that has been theorizing since the 1990s. But it had never been observed directly, so far. And what astronomers have seen is a hundred times more energy than anyone had imagined. A violent neighborhood. The protagonist of this story is Hip 67522, a solar system located about 490 light years from Earth. Its star is a bit larger and cold than our sun, but it is very different: while the sun exceeds median age with 4.5 billion years, Hip 67522 is a teenage star of just 17 million years. Like any teenager, this star is full of energy, with a very agitated nucleus that does not stop turning, which makes it a very potent magnet. Around this violent cosmic magnet two planets turn. The one that interests us is the closest, Hip 67522 B, a world that completes an orbit in just seven days. The planet that plays with fire. Since they began to discover exoplanets, astronomers wonder if there are worlds orbiting enough close to their star to disturb their magnetic field and, in essence, “prick it” so that great flares are unleashed. Cheops space telescope observations They demonstrated that the planet Hip 67522 B is so close to its star that its own magnetic influence interacts with that of its host. The planet acts as a whip: as the star orbits, energy is accumulated in the form of waves along the lines of the star magnetic field. When these energy waves collide with the surface of the star, they trigger a gigantic solar flare, much more violent than expected. And absolutely destructive for the planet. Up to 15 lashes captured in camera. The Cheops telescope detected a total of 15 flares, almost all produced while the planet was ahead of the star from our perspective. This synchronization is the definitive proof: the fact that the flares occur just when the planet passes between us and the star confirms that it is the planet who is causing them. The tragic part of this story is that the planet is causing these gigantic energy explosions in its own direction. Hip 67522 B is being bombarded with six times more radiation than I would receive if it would simply stay still. The planet is shrinking. According to astronomers, in the next 100 million years it could go from being a gaseous giant of Jupiter’s size to a planet of Neptune size. It is a slow -chanted cosmic suicide. Image | THAT In Xataka | Astronomers have discovered a planet that should not exist: great as a jupiter and light like sugar cotton

We believed that the nasal strips had died in the 90. It turns out that they were just waiting for Instagram to get them fashionable

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The small adhesive bands that stick in the nose are again very common on slopes, gyms and popular races after decades of oblivion. Why is it important. From Carlos Alcaraz Even weekend runners, the phenomenon of nostrils has exploded in the last year. It is no accident: It reflects both the obsessive search for marginal advantages in sport … … as our complex relationship with Gadgets –electronic or not– that promise instant improvements. The context. The nasal strips were born in the 80s as an antironquid remedy. They jumped to sport in the mid -90s when Jerry Rice wore them in the Super Bowl (today keep entering money by promoting them) and Ronaldo popularized them in football. They promised to “increase the nasal air flow by 31%” and became the sports avant -garde symbol of the time. And they went down in cascade, reaching the semi -professional and also to the amateur who simply wanted to leverage them to increase their performance. The fall. By 2000, science began to disassemble them. A study by the University of Buffalo with 13 athletes He concluded that they did not improve performance in intense exercises. The reason is simple: when the effort goes up, we breathe through the mouth, not by the nose. The strips became irrelevant. The return. Carlos Alcaraz took them A month ago in the Masters of Romeand in addition to black color: even more evident than the classic shiver. Several Barça players uploaded a photo on a planeall with the strips set, to “improve rest.” And new companies such as Gudslip or histrips have “reversed” them with somewhat more comfortable designs and marketing aimed at athletes of all levels. Also with Machacona advertising on Instagram. Yes, but. A 2021 review which analyzed 19 studies did not find significant differences in Vo2max –A key metric–, heart rate or performance. The strips reduce nasal resistance, but only help in light efforts or when there is congestion. In intense exercise, they are useless. For elite athletes, any 1% improvement can be decisive. Alcaraz uses them strategically when it is congested. Amateurs, less accustomed to extreme suffering, can perceive greater subjective benefit in respiratory comfort. In fact, who writes these lines tested them and the highest air entry is noticed. But not the remarkable improvement in performance. And we must not lose sight of the mental factor: in sport, there is very often a psychological component in certain practices. The use of strips can give mental confidence, reduce pre-compensation stress and be part of the ritual that reassures the athlete, which makes him feel control. What is happening. There are five great forces promoting this boom: Greater conscience that once on nasal breathing in sport. Products that have improved: grip, comfort and even appearance. Virality in social networks. Examples in elite sport. And low risk profile. On the latter: the strips of certain brands usually cost between and one euro the unit. They are a performance experiment that comes out cheap. Deepen. The strips do work during sleep. They reduce snoring and improve rest. For athletes with rhinitis or exercise induced asthma, they can be useful. In healthy people doing intense sports, its effect is mainly placebo. Abel Antón, who won World Cups with and without them, summarizes it in a phrase pronounced a Relief Two years ago: “Believing that something is doing well makes us work much better.” Outstanding image | Pneuma Nasal Tape In Xataka | I have run, swim and worked with the Aqua Suunto. Under water I understood what these bone driving headphones propose

Apple believed that I was conquering China. Actually China conquered her

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There are books that arrive at the right time to make you rethink what you thought were to know. ‘Apple in China: The Capture of The World’s Greatest Company‘, just published by Patrick McGee, he is one of them. Your central thesis It smells awkward truth: Apple did not conquered China. It was China who conquered Apple. For years we have seen this relationship from our perspective: not China and not American, but western. Apple brought innovation, jobs and modernity to China. Silicon Valley’s classic story exporting democratic values ​​through trade. But McGee turns that narrative around. And when he does, everything takes on another meaning. More uncomfortable. More real. On March 15, 2013, the exact moment in which Apple understood the rules. After a campaign orchestrated on Chinese state television, Tim Cook was forced to publish an apology letter in Mandarin for iPhone guarantee policies. That was a symbolic genuflection that revealed the true nature of power in that relationship. The CEO of which It was already the most valuable company in the worldPublicly forgiveness to an authoritarian regime. From the western perspective, he was humiliating. From China, it was probably logical: a multinational adapting to local customer service standards. The trap was perfect because Apple had fallen in love with something that only China could offer: ability to climb without limits. Pasa from zero to 200 million iPhone manufactured a year required impossible industrial coordination anywhere else. Apple was completely delivered: it formed 28 million Chinese workers, invested $ 7.3 billion in own equipment within foreign factories, sent its best engineers. McGee makes a devastating comparison: A private company investing in a country more than the greatest industrial effort of the American state. But Apple built that cathedral without understanding what land erected it. Without a single executive residing permanently in China. No diplomatic strategy. No contingency plan. While Apple taught its industrial secrets, Beijing did not trap, it simply applied state capitalism strategically. Used their advantage (giant market + industrial capacity) to achieve technological transfer and know-how That then be able to explode. It is not very different from what the United States does with Tiktok or Huawei. Over the years, the balance was reversed. In silence. It was no longer Apple who imposed conditions: Apple adapted. One after another. Noiseless. Without public protests. What was the alternative? Lose access to 20% of its turnover and dismantle a supply chain that had taken decades to perfect. No CEO would come out of a board of directors after proposing this idea. The book has an important weakness: It is deeply western in its sources: McGee builds his narrative mainly from Apple internal documents and testimonies of American executives. There is barely Chinese perspective. We do not know what Beijing really thought, what its internal strategy was, or how they see this relationship from the other side. It’s like counting the cold war only with pentagon files. Chinese workers appear more as a statistical resource than as actors of their own destiny. And there comes the paradox. Instead of transforming China, Apple ended up transformed by it. The most controversial decisions of the Cook era – centered, transfer of data, silence against repressions – are the calculated price of continuing to operate in the largest consumer market in the world: 1.4 billion. It is a price that Apple continues to pay each quarter. Tim Cook inherited an Apple admired for its creative independence. AND In his legacy It will be triggered financially, expand it towards the services and diversify catalog in vertical and horizontal. But will also leave an Apple cornered by its logistics units. Today Try to diversify towards India and Vietnambut structural damage is already done. Not only because most of its chain continues in China, but because Apple learned to bend. And to each market, someone else dictates the conditions. Especially when it has no alternatives. “Apple in China” is not really a book about Apple. It is a book about power in the global era. On how The company that believed that the excellence of the product guaranteed strategic independence discovered that in geopolitics, margins do not vote. Behind the iPhone that we carry in the pocket there is more than technological innovation. There are calculated assignments, silent adaptations, a reheilibrium of power so progressive that it was barely noticed until it was irreversible. If the Chinese market could redefine the rules for Apple, what multinational company really controls its destination? Outstanding image | Patrick Fore in Unspash In Xataka | The decline of the “Apple culture”. Blind devotion has evolved towards critical enthusiasm

Apple believed to have an excellent plan to deploy its AI in China. He is going as good as everything else in China

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Souring records are precisely that, bittersweet. In Apple they know well: in the first quarter of 2025 124.3 billion dollars entered, but that colossal figure is fogged by a worrying fact: In China things are going wrong. The company is no longer what it was there, and has lost 9% market share in a year. In Cupertino, yes, they had a plan to relive sales: offer Apple Intelligence, and also do it with a category Chinese partner. Specifically, with Alibaba, which seemed the ideal option for its influence on the Chinese market and also for having a chatbot Especially advanced as Qwen2,5-Max. The plan was not bad, especially considering the worrying situation that Apple lives with its disastrous deployment of AI functions. Apple Intelligence is still far behind its competitors, and Siri’s scandalous non -zacing has revealed Internal rivalries, indecision and leadership problems In the company. But with Alibaba everything seemed good. The actions of the Chinese company rose like the foam after the rumors and everything seemed to go stern. It is not like that, and the deployment of Apple Intelligence in China with its new partner is delaying because of Chinese regulators. Apple and Alibaba have collaborated in the development of various AI products to be able to implement them, and have asked the authorities to regulate this sector to approve. But the administration of the cyberspace of China (CAC), main responsible for giving that blessing, has not done so. These requests are currently blocked According to sources close to the process cited in FTand reason is not technical, but political. The uncertainty about the situation between China and the United States and that commercial war that they maintain – and that affects the entire world – is causing that blockade, according to these sources. The situation for Apple is complicated On the one hand, he tries to deal with a US president whoUaiere forcing What Apple manufactures the iPhone that sells in that country locally. The idea is so expensive for Apple that will continue Going to account sEguir man by manufacturing them in India To avoid Chinese tariffs. On the other, it has been left behind for sale of iPhone in China, where Xiaomi, HuaweiOppo and alive have already advanced it. All of them have the government’s support and are tightening too In the supply of AI functions, but Apple Intelligence is still not a competitive proposal. Precisely the CAC approval process includes those AI tests. The AI ​​models developers themselves in China cannot market them or publish them unless they receive the approval of the government, which wants AI models “Very socialist“These restrictions should have favored Apple, especially after the alliance with Alibaba, but the tensions with the US after the absurd rise in tariffs -now in pause– They have made the situation unusual. The situation is so complex that Apple faces double suspicions. First, the final approval of the agreement between Apple and Alibaba to implement those functions of AI in the iPhone in China must be validated by the Chinese State Council. And second, the Bureau of Industry and Security of the US Department of Commerce has shown according to FT its reservations with that agreement, although they do not have legal means to prevent it. The situation is complicated, and that blockade of validation only becomes more. And meanwhile, Apple and Huawei grows. From the beginning of 2023 until now, Apple’s share in mobiles in China was 70%, and is now 47%. Huawei’s? It was 13% and is now 35%. Image | Maccy In Xataka | The iPhone has been making many years in China. Apple wants to change that and China wants to avoid it at all costs

We believed that the large numbers of soldiers dead in combat were a thing of the past. Until the Ukraine War arrived

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This week a New report Updated from the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) in Washington. The data, by drudos, left the imagination a few doubts: just over three years after the beginning of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the conflict has reached low figures that place it between The bloodiest of modern history. We have attended historical statistics to find out how much. The human cost of a stagnant war. As we said, the CSIS study revealed that the total number of dead or injured soldiers amounts to almost 1.4 millionof which around one million are Russians and 400,000 Ukrainians. This figure is even more shocking if it is considered that Ukraine does not publish its official data and that Russia, according to Experts warnsystematically underestimate your losses. The study is based on estimates from American and British sources, in addition to satellite images and field analysis. The slowest war. The work tells more things. For example, despite the huge number of casualties, Russian territorial advances since January 2024 have been practically insignificant: less than 1% of the conquered Ukrainian territory, with an average advance rhythm of just 50 meters per day, even more than even the more expensive offensives of World War I. Today, Russia occupies approximately the 20% of the Ukrainian territorybut without achieving decisive advances. This slowness, together with the Mass destruction Of war material, he has turned the Russian campaign one of the clearest examples of wear war of the 21st century. Irreplaceable losses. However, if something betrays the brutality of the contest in Ukraine, that is the data of the CSIS that estimates that at least 250,000 Russian soldiers They have died in combat, which represents the highest military mortality rate of any Soviet or Russian war since World War II. For its part, Ukraine would have lost between 60,000 and 100,000 soldiers. However, the proportion of forces in the front It is overwhelming: More than 400,000 Russian soldiers in front of about 250,000 Ukrainians, with Russia benefiting from a much larger population and aggressive replacement mechanisms. As We have counted: Moscow has avoided declaring a new general mobilization, but has resorted to Recruitment of prisonersdebtors and people with criminal causes, to whom it offers lucrative contracts or the cancellation of charges in exchange for the military service. CSIS data shows a shocking Moscow casualties against other conflicts where Russia was The historical scope. With the figure offered by the CSIS We have attended the historical statistics of similar war conflicts (excluding civil or genocide wars), all after World War II, to measure the scope and impact of the losses that are taking place in Ukraine on the Russian side. The base is that estimate of 250,000 losses since the beginning of the conflict in 2022. A point and apart. The first data we found is that the estimation of the 250,000 losses makes the Ukrainian conflict The most lethal For Russian forces since World War II, surpassing the losses in Afghanistan (1979–1989), where the USSR lost Around 15,000 soldiersbut in ten years. Comparatively, in the Korean War (1950–1953), China (the main ally of North Korea) lost Between 180,000 and 400,000 fighters in three years of conflict, while the United States registered some 33,700 casualties in combat. Not even Vietnam. In the Vietnam War (1955–1975), United States He suffered 58,220 deathsbut, again, it happened in a period of twenty years. For his part, Northern Vietnam lost Between 400,000 and 1.1 million Of soldiers, although those figures, again, accumulate over two decades. Even in the devastating Guerra Iran -ira (1980–1988), with close to One million combined casualtiesonly Iran exceeded the current Russian figures in a longer period, with estimates of 200,000 to 262,000 dead. Therefore, the intensity of Russian losses, concentrated in a short period, is exceptional in the history of contemporary interstate conflicts. Deep consequences. It is the last of the legs to analyze. Russia, despite having a population greater than Ukraine and, a priori, a deeper human replacement capacity, faces a accelerated erosion of their professional military capacity. Unlike previous conflicts where deaths were distributed in longer campaigns, the current wear of wear (right now around 7,000 soldiers dead per month) threat with structural degrade to its armed forces. If these levels are maintained, Russia could exceed the psychological and logistic threshold that prevents you from sustaining the offensive. In front of wars such as the Gulf (1990–1991), where Iraq lost between 20,000 and 35,000 soldiers In just over a month, or the invasion of Iraq in 2003, where the United States suffered less than 5,000 casualties In eight years, the contrast is, if possible, even more extreme. The war in Ukraine, in terms of direct military loss and temporary concentration, has become an atypical case for its lethality and its potential for internal destabilization for the aggressor country. Image | Ministry of Defense of UkraineCsis, Worldindata In Xataka | The true magnitude of the Ukraine drones attack to Russia has revealed the space: the bombers were not alone In Xataka | A technology 20 years ago took Ukraine to the Russian bombers. Moscow’s response comes from China: a laser cannon

The brain works twice what we believed as we slept. At least in regard to memoirs

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The dream continues to be one of the great enigmas for those who study it, either from the perspective of evolution or from the point of view of medicine. We know that the dream It is important For our physiological and psychological well -being. For decades of study we have been discovering some of the things that make dream more than a simple period of rest. And we continue to discover new details. Preparing the lesson. A new study has observed That, during sleep, hippocampus neurons are predisposed for learning what will come in the next day. The study now allows us to understand new ways in which sleep becomes a fundamental factor in the consolidation of our memories in memory. Sleep and memory. The dream is essential for rest, but we know it is more than that. During the time we remain sleeping our brain goes through a series of stages in which it alternates periods of greater and lesser activity in some of which we also dream. We know for example that during these hours the brain performs some “maintenance tasks”, such as a kind of Internal cleaning. We also know that the dream is key in memory, but we used to think that this happened a posteriorithat is, that the brain took advantage of this period to “strengthen” the memories and neuronal connections that support them. The new study indicates that the opposite could also be true. Greases. The study He noticed In the so -called swab, interconnections that allow something apparently abstract such as memory to be reflected in our brain. These greases are built by a series of specialized neurons, the engagle cells. The new study detected a new population of neurons of this type to which he called “grease-be Cells”, A sort of“ pre-training cells ”. This group of neurons showed increasing synchronization during post-learning sleep, Explain the team. However, what the team detected is that after this, this population of cells did was encode a new (future) learning experience. New techniques. As explained by the team responsible for the study, the analysis was carried out by resorting to advanced image systems that combined visualization through calcium with labeling of the ENGRAMA cells. This allowed the team to measure neuronal mice activity before, during and after learning experiences. After detecting the curious phenomenon of the “pre-training cells”, the team created a neural network model to simulate the activity of the hippocampus. This model allowed to study the adjustment mechanisms that interconnected neurons and sleep and how they were essential in the appearance of this population of neurons. The details of the study were published In an article In the magazine Nature Communications. Double work. This process of strengthening structures that will constitute new memories is produced simultaneously and without prejudice to the consolidation process a posteriori described in previous analysis and also observed In the recent study. In Xataka | Neuroplasticity: the people who defend that the Internet is changing our brain forever Image | Craig Adderley

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